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Therefore, the penetration of technology is not only into every aspect of highly" /> <title>(PDF) Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User (Maret, 2013) | Alan Chan, Norbertus Tri Suswanto Saptadi, Restyandito Restyandito, and Alan Chan - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/4319808/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_Maret_2013_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '0a3628b09c2625fe969ae4e3417f3fbc3d46297e'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733344518000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733344518000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The rapid development of technology has caused the emergence of various sophisticated information and communication technologies much cheaper than in previous years. Therefore, the penetration of technology is not only into every aspect of highly developed societies but also into developing countries such as Indonesia, as more and more people can afford to buy a variety of technologies. However, to use the technologies, many of the users in developing countries need to make a rapid technology leap; hence many of them are having difficulty in using the technologies. This paper will look at the cellular phone which is one of the technologies widely used in developing countries. Many people can afford to have cell phones but experience difficulties in making full use of them, such that they only operate the basic functions. One of the reasons for this is the low comprehension level of icons being used in the interface. This study explores the use of alternative icons that may improve user comprehension level by considering the social and cultural background of Indonesian users. Index Terms—e-literate, icon, interface design, usability","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alan Chan"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Norbertus Tri Suswanto Saptadi"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Restyandito Restyandito"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alan Chan"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alan Chan"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Restyandito Restyandito"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alan Chan"}],"dateCreated":"2013-08-25","headline":"Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User (Maret, 2013)","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31774657/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Human Computer Interaction"],"locationCreated":"Hongkong","publication":"Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2013 Vol II, IMECS 2013, ISBN 978-988-19252-6-8","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"atmajayamakassar"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"ukdw"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/31774657/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4319808/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_Maret_2013_"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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[{"id":31774657,"identifier":"Attachment_31774657","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":4319808,"created_at":"2013-08-25T00:21:18.312-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T03:21:21.480-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The rapid development of technology has caused the emergence of various sophisticated information and communication technologies much cheaper than in previous years. Therefore, the penetration of technology is not only into every aspect of highly developed societies but also into developing countries such as Indonesia, as more and more people can afford to buy a variety of technologies. However, to use the technologies, many of the users in developing countries need to make a rapid technology leap; hence many of them are having difficulty in using the technologies. This paper will look at the cellular phone which is one of the technologies widely used in developing countries. Many people can afford to have cell phones but experience difficulties in making full use of them, such that they only operate the basic functions. One of the reasons for this is the low comprehension level of icons being used in the interface. This study explores the use of alternative icons that may improve user comprehension level by considering the social and cultural background of Indonesian users.\r\nIndex Terms—e-literate, icon, interface design, usability","location":"Hongkong","event_date":"2013,3,14","journal_name":"Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2013 Vol II, IMECS 2013, ISBN 978-988-19252-6-8"},"document_type":"conference_presentation","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User (Maret, 2013)","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [675410,46713,40600265,40534762]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":31774657,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User (Maret, 2013)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/31774657/mini_magick20190425-6414-1kkruod.png?1556259912" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User (Maret, 2013)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="675410" href="https://atmajayamakassar.academia.edu/NorbertusTriSuswantoSaptadi"><img alt="Profile image of Norbertus Tri Suswanto Saptadi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/675410/955869/10188971/s65_tri_suswanto.saptadi.jpg" />Norbertus Tri Suswanto Saptadi</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46713" href="https://ukdw.academia.edu/Restyandito"><img alt="Profile image of Restyandito Restyandito" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/46713/695914/2547140/s65_restyandito_.msis.jpg" />Restyandito Restyandito</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40600265" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanChan34"><img alt="Profile image of Alan Chan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Alan Chan</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40534762" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanChan33"><img alt="Profile image of Alan Chan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Alan Chan</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The rapid development of technology has caused the emergence of various sophisticated information and communication technologies much cheaper than in previous years. Therefore, the penetration of technology is not only into every aspect of highly developed societies but also into developing countries such as Indonesia, as more and more people can afford to buy a variety of technologies. However, to use the technologies, many of the users in developing countries need to make a rapid technology leap; hence many of them are having difficulty in using the technologies. This paper will look at the cellular phone which is one of the technologies widely used in developing countries. Many people can afford to have cell phones but experience difficulties in making full use of them, such that they only operate the basic functions. One of the reasons for this is the low comprehension level of icons being used in the interface. This study explores the use of alternative icons that may improve user comprehension level by considering the social and cultural background of Indonesian users. Index Terms—e-literate, icon, interface design, usability</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":31774657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/4319808/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_Maret_2013_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":31774657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/4319808/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_Maret_2013_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="31774657" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/4319808/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_Maret_2013_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="54335617" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54335617/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_literate_User_March_2013_">Designing Usable Icons for Non e-literate User (March, 2013)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="675410" href="https://atmajayamakassar.academia.edu/NorbertusTriSuswantoSaptadi">Norbertus Tri Suswanto Saptadi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT The rapid development of technology has caused the emergence of various sophisticated information and communication technologies much cheaper than in previous years. Therefore, the penetration of technology is not only into every aspect of highly developed societies but also into developing countries such as Indonesia, as more and more people can afford to buy a variety of technologies. However, to use the technologies, many of the users in developing countries need to make a rapid technology leap; hence many of them are having difficulty in using the technologies. This paper will look at the cellular phone which is one of the technologies widely used in developing countries. Many people can afford to have cell phones but experience difficulties in making full use of them, such that they only operate the basic functions. One of the reasons for this is the low comprehension level of icons being used in the interface. This study explores the use of alternative icons that may improve user comprehension level by considering the social and cultural background of Indonesian users.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Designing Usable Icons for Non e-literate User (March, 2013)","attachmentId":71226698,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54335617/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_literate_User_March_2013_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54335617/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_literate_User_March_2013_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="11332459" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11332459/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_2013_">Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User (2013)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27467409" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TriSuswantoSaptadi">N Tri S U S W A N T O Saptadi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IMECS2013, ISBN 978-988-19252-6-8</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User (2013)","attachmentId":36904575,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11332459/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_2013_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11332459/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User_2013_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="3055511" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3055511/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User">Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46713" href="https://ukdw.academia.edu/Restyandito">Restyandito Restyandito</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2013, Vol II, IMECS 2013, Hong Kong, (ISBN: 978-988-19252-6-8; ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)), 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The rapid development of technology has caused the emergence of various sophisticated information and communication technologies much cheaper than in previous years. Therefore, the penetration of technology is not only into every aspect of highly developed societies but also into developing countries such as Indonesia, as more and more people can afford to buy a variety of technologies. However, to use the technologies, many of the users in developing countries need to make a rapid technology leap; hence many of them are having difficulty in using the technologies. This paper will look at the cellular phone which is one of the technologies widely used in developing countries. Many people can afford to have cell phones but experience difficulties in making full use of them, such that they only operate the basic functions. One of the reasons for this is the low comprehension level of icons being used in the interface. This study explores the use of alternative icons that may improve user comprehension level by considering the social and cultural background of Indonesian users.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Designing Usable Icons for Non e-Literate User","attachmentId":31023924,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3055511/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3055511/Designing_Usable_Icons_for_Non_e_Literate_User"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="2610028" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2610028/Cultural_influences_on_the_comprehensibility_of_icons_in_mobile_computer_interaction">Cultural influences on the comprehensibility of icons in mobile-computer interaction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3342375" href="https://rwth-aachen.academia.edu/MartinaZiefle">Martina Ziefle</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Behaviour & Information Technology, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cultural influences on the comprehensibility of icons in mobile-computer interaction","attachmentId":38101566,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2610028/Cultural_influences_on_the_comprehensibility_of_icons_in_mobile_computer_interaction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2610028/Cultural_influences_on_the_comprehensibility_of_icons_in_mobile_computer_interaction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="71542159" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71542159/Effect_of_Icon_Concreteness_Semantic_Distance_and_Familiarity_on_recognition_level_of_mobile_phone_icons_among_E_literate_and_Non_E_literates">Effect of Icon Concreteness, Semantic Distance and Familiarity on recognition level of mobile phone icons among E-literate and Non E-literates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="105003651" href="https://iba-suk.academia.edu/rakhibatra">Rakhi Batra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cell phones have turn out to be the most central communication gadget in our daily life. This results in an enormously intense competition between almost all the mobile phone vendors. Despite of manufacturer’s diverse types of advertising strategies such as exceptional price cut offers or modern attractive functions, what really matter is whether this everyday communication gadget has been designed according to the preference and requirements of all types of users. The miniature type screen interface design is one of the recent research themes of the Human-Computer Interaction domain. Because of the restricted screen size, “icons” have been considered as dominant part in usability of cell phones. This paper measures the recognition level of icons among e-literate and non-e-literate people. This article explores the effect of icon characteristic on recognition level of icons among e-literates and non e-literate users. It was found that designers of mobile phone icons have to balance ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effect of Icon Concreteness, Semantic Distance and Familiarity on recognition level of mobile phone icons among E-literate and Non E-literates","attachmentId":80839588,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71542159/Effect_of_Icon_Concreteness_Semantic_Distance_and_Familiarity_on_recognition_level_of_mobile_phone_icons_among_E_literate_and_Non_E_literates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71542159/Effect_of_Icon_Concreteness_Semantic_Distance_and_Familiarity_on_recognition_level_of_mobile_phone_icons_among_E_literate_and_Non_E_literates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="94629845" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94629845/Icons_as_Helpers_in_the_Interaction_of_Illiterate_Users_with_Computers">Icons as Helpers in the Interaction of Illiterate Users with Computers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="135894653" href="https://unicamp.academia.edu/RicardoRibeiroGudwin">Ricardo Ribeiro Gudwin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The literacy level of a significant part of the Brazilian population is insufficient for a proficient use of computers and for an autonomous access to digital contents as those currently available on the Internet. Although this problem also exists in other developing countries, its features depend on many sociocultural and educational factors that distinguish each country. Thus, most of the studies on digital inclusion of illiterate users undertaken abroad, as is often the case in studies for countries in Asia and Africa, are not totally suited ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Icons as Helpers in the Interaction of Illiterate Users with Computers","attachmentId":97033612,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94629845/Icons_as_Helpers_in_the_Interaction_of_Illiterate_Users_with_Computers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94629845/Icons_as_Helpers_in_the_Interaction_of_Illiterate_Users_with_Computers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="41360704" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41360704/THE_ROLE_AND_IMPORTANCE_OF_ICONS_ON_MOBILE_GRAPHICAL_USER_INTERFACE_A_Masters_Thesis">THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ICONS ON MOBILE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE A Master's Thesis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100900947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/kanmazidil">Zahide İdil Kanmaz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">I.D. Bilkent University - MFA - Thesis, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This research investigates how icons evolved throughout the history as a fundamental part of the mobile user interface design, the connection between icons’ visual representations and audience’s perception, the functional role of icons in the interaction between the user and the portable smart device, and their conceptual definition on the Graphical User Interface is examined by considering the location and its significance. “Wish Tree Application”, which is designed as an artwork project for this thesis disputes the interaction between the codes that icons carry on while they are being designed and the audience’s perception by embodying it. Keywords: Graphical User Interface (GUI); Icon; Icon Recognition; Visual Representation; Human Computer Interaction (HCI); Mobile Interaction</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ICONS ON MOBILE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE A Master's Thesis","attachmentId":61559004,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41360704/THE_ROLE_AND_IMPORTANCE_OF_ICONS_ON_MOBILE_GRAPHICAL_USER_INTERFACE_A_Masters_Thesis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41360704/THE_ROLE_AND_IMPORTANCE_OF_ICONS_ON_MOBILE_GRAPHICAL_USER_INTERFACE_A_Masters_Thesis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="79353414" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79353414/The_role_and_importance_of_icons_on_mobile_graphical_user_interface">The role and importance of icons on mobile graphical user interface</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="100900947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/kanmazidil">Zahide İdil Kanmaz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The role and importance of icons on mobile graphical user interface","attachmentId":86096918,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79353414/The_role_and_importance_of_icons_on_mobile_graphical_user_interface","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79353414/The_role_and_importance_of_icons_on_mobile_graphical_user_interface"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="908574" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/908574/Human_computer_interface_design_issues_for_a_multi_cultural_and_multi_lingual_English_speaking_country_Botswana">Human-computer interface design issues for a multi-cultural and multi-lingual English speaking country--Botswana</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="727628" href="https://ub-bw.academia.edu/DimaneMpoeleng">Dimane Mpoeleng</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Interacting with …, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human-computer interface design issues for a multi-cultural and multi-lingual English speaking country--Botswana","attachmentId":5499013,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/908574/Human_computer_interface_design_issues_for_a_multi_cultural_and_multi_lingual_English_speaking_country_Botswana","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/908574/Human_computer_interface_design_issues_for_a_multi_cultural_and_multi_lingual_English_speaking_country_Botswana"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="25327580" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25327580/From_icons_perception_to_mobile_interaction">From icons perception to mobile interaction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6790492" href="https://uniwa.academia.edu/AnastasiosPolitis">Anastasios Politis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study deals with the vital issue of whether a mobile phone interface icon effectively expresses the function related to it. The subject of the effectiveness of icons used in mobile phone interfaces deserves examination. Icons are an integral part of most mobile interfaces, for they are the bridge enabling interaction. We also examine how far any icon represents the meaning of the function for which it has been designed, chosen and installed by the mobile phone manufacturer and designer. Among the chief findings are (1) graphical representation affects the recognition rate of icons and influences user perception and (2) there are significant differences in performance in recognizing icons among different age groups.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"From icons perception to mobile interaction","attachmentId":45626106,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25327580/From_icons_perception_to_mobile_interaction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25327580/From_icons_perception_to_mobile_interaction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":31774657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":31774657,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_31774657" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="17143" href="https://open.academia.edu/AgnesKukulskaHulme">Agnes Kukulska-Hulme</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3141870" href="https://open.academia.edu/AnnJones">Ann Jones</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Workshop on …, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cross-Cultural Understanding of Interface Design: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Icon Recognition","attachmentId":40533462,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19281386/Cross_Cultural_Understanding_of_Interface_Design_A_Cross_Cultural_Analysis_of_Icon_Recognition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span 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