CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917c345ffae43e14',cH: 'fBtAA6NWxLe6Job9k1ZVfElvTkdl3jjoqoHgOkqCj1k-1740533790-1.2.1.1-Z61mPxCYd8ZRT2RjRc6xuLGgsgpU0j8FrNp08tRxu2Sp0krYBRUzx0NLp6fDGfCS',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hafeez%20Muhammad%20Yakasai&__cf_chl_tk=xEr.5Y8Az6o3JfoKDPK2oGq6wGcYXia6brhbcoujc34-1740533790-1.0.1.1-W19LGoXMC2xsFBmlbiT3zcqV73fZHphrqOCRKG6_NlU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740533790',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hafeez%20Muhammad%20Yakasai&__cf_chl_f_tk=xEr.5Y8Az6o3JfoKDPK2oGq6wGcYXia6brhbcoujc34-1740533790-1.0.1.1-W19LGoXMC2xsFBmlbiT3zcqV73fZHphrqOCRKG6_NlU",md: "LbvQecGSmw2StME2aHOIM.GdtPjVr49CDstapcBWqqU-1740533790-1.2.1.1-yrEwp7bkceePn03QftoI5LX_w_1MxqCoxzaYVcx4sVt2d8RKBv9gR2J0BADmXiMsbjnx7.u_AWq28xKUk1U2sJruGxyeJlRZ2i1BCZV7zCLSxkZ31LU0TSAGzHzaccSGVwm9H7CA4QfKPxu3gzDV2tsGL5YeusMK6g_tZk59bV_B7pCIoPPlUXrQPvQa4YVXSdIa35nRxif9yc9HKf19mSIFHORteF7sQM57n3reQktkfWxbQ1lFg4q4d24xH2A2tnRE7Cgr9OAMdA3GSQkGwbLE1ducmhqK1SNHtoFeC1hwf8yWY._Ky2jEFYs6rd92lD.gYKhZDElCGYyCdVXQHZsDYuRDMKaPQgO7xfS1VI.LgbESTg9Iad4NqcRrBxv7yFwAJgCAD3iVGyrxsbnWe.Ni9RLQm5i6tUSYnTa9UZLQuThIT8V9cv1ziCld5rjki_7ZRgIHqLGD5uM_AI3ysT0Kkeqh4rod5iEX_lHLG1mCCJqBv05pmuawodyaA70HNlpr7PYzLbAje0CXjXxxDFRL.T1cSy_PYpWxcRP6x4H2HG7A3XCP38Cl4FRjPZpZMDIxK1fufLhC1NUSm2yfYKITQ7sPIi4aSkYyuU8d0RYawgHKKHV_y9PXlS.m6xWXZx1GhtaJ6S0YzA8GqmPjhfvYFyYVw0hgzQst6LqY1QtBEdnoIxuYyunqZa7356.hHpH9PsI0i.bzSlBhYJIXuImFPiaEWTeSf70Hly5miKcFvPfkMD7nIqxqB76raaoiM2nd.68rwFOs2Q54WwCGDv.C4FMpFJYQiR0cSkLpe8fc3tz4X_SfuZ9Hltauph7yykoHd7VgHGjCDXRBwbJBgrAtKddVVyQP0owOt9i3Y7nVNCJviYHMf7CWTXRK4vtP4vwVHTP6DNiuUQSrx1U7Gv2AyNzjrP9x2W6KUuYRHT3rePXKz6fix2AgsBvsX8iUrE6LS5RReN.BEdXwVRIwJiDQAhJ.l3vnJ.AO6T.q42j_sV_OLSHKhyzRd9mURGZCrRkCkJ9gXGircoArIsNj9TvxhF0P5VZ1VfcQ6uF2Xa8kbcstanM0jmiVAUCDA_UrQHBX_r3SnfnHY5Jtlxz8RNiesxAfhy8Bp73h6FrfzKKi8zu169hyzVlS_LocA2RVLeMgdIFUMOqjFJTPaTpHOTVxUyONpI843Ombr4J5bhLyaENmaxLltqw.2jVEd0tTZv9is715rgZu.emU_4wDjmJ.jSrnoDxWSkOLOGl4yUjzfQgBCefeh1JQEDxq3EI93gcbZZFhRjPcNWk8Mq7S7BFzfPhChd65V0r98bWAWsV8JdBTovLMsEbry032OZKKbH45ClqYKhjEQkVZ3O_plTw_PorVoiEXF75_gaflXBptWpF6vzKnXlJ7n_AGEUgmN8s8LRxn1isSuRok1QPN1MDudj5uKA4WO0MmozUTvtyaC_KDPFbz4u8DVp9wgh3FWMkrN3dsG9jJRoPwrCNfb_ciIpJUI43ynzw4Ec7YeeKtbMRuj1A6_j2shqb2CZgEZ9gE84D6oW4B9QYMch1tw4t3dfbJq7.MyQ6cVIGyNM41qxBuoklwa9NOjSBZUdNEBeaV_fJz55fZYgd0t77sh2UlspFWTuh1ShPQu_wrUPdNk70lU40R8FYXm3lOgm_bePHWmd91P8CGkDHTLJVwdbaKrK8WdY1S4QwlYS5PPLSilGEtN_S0GFRX_Qs8brTjdJIsgFbQ9Xi8GcbMDSJowWWCwpAT47xOIQkZXu9Jsx8YBJAcrGIl4e54wUPdncvbgKL6jlEWkYc8ZSqQKqLKxabJzwVDz1oilKQgRbjl41IaLd5z5VWMhDgbYECSvRcyn6ug_rG893b9oeUHxYYSDSTMHnjZp6PvbNdZHOWTtDR24QIVngxofJSsXB81VFZBJyu.wL.G8t9gVYEbsTftqxOloqehA2BZKyehnoMwD1yjEYaZtiZ2OeSy.6ApYa_O",mdrd: "2UcDr4MhtCxyMS2AHslihOK1fAvmLnVBHE8Tc8Lmh.Q-1740533790-1.2.1.1-ERR958EcfaZIP0p1HTfKvDlJ_63Bym.i_c61JxvYI2O3ysYL4eqCh1.TlPZpphOPb001wlC1oLTJr1Cf1_XqYnG3OVroL5zbxuqhY2NRF9tsvLp3ugJUi1_tb1ccXVf5GVqvTdjydImeejredK3VEvm2K0yODZ3i337cDDKljbR61w3tjP1B8F0uZQpqVnkwHGH2zrWWzsn.H3GRvO.ntZfrvvwkVZD1n3hBZ66HXWLpQd4DAP5Zy6Rm7e1He1rpe..hVcz5n1MehnQQdIo0GZPAdE3ioOG4AaEcDIgvecoevb_dJ4eYdu30AgxyWwzYGYJXmUtXuHBinLxWAvuED4k1gC3V_vAtrjMwFdalqc8cheTYxkWkPays3qe6H8zjKtklfYUDXL6r6X6W9V.f5uN2uu.NhpLbZLXb4GgBoI.BE5uOxRc1fOpYPBhagXiwsSzLKPcZADPuX5jMYrp0FjW9Eqd7FhRYYjNL5cYGm0TAISEdP7NkEGEU3ZI49RaXHzfBrFcvYRxO95tBkhUAw301gSAYW6R3DvW5CYW0ZJP_t_TYFK84V5RYtN7bfBPaKXzIxM1B2gVmczBlxdArYlDN8D7kyUwLQGu730pS67ZlvcIYbKzHtV..IfNqGmYhkPHI5bwZrW_hhjKhAxcz1XJ.Eljfckw0jCO9cNMU8gHTCqDYj3vI6Kb58qfpXGYNBedRQOseICgwQjqmnt.ZAkh51HjJMNxjfHue3PJU_BsytvqMnb6N6v9aKzB.rrEInukvGbTzNzxFR.P_XFWZU3os8cR38ZhrDbuvOLh719d0wFmVVOd7LErAXVp_sIE3xVbax0Hsox8lZTmMBb4xzImx9LIYyYbuyAn0GWb1jaYvoJqKZatkYDGj5Cjhyoyhdav4H.d0wi4RHJrJRapcoNPRcrCksac55NhlAidXrmIfdUDeKR1u2xjfeQktwIV9SOVU2crzjsCeAjIyhf_xB1vSY00M2W6Lnu6V9AgcaH95aRz5x4hxA1q40B151AChHqFNjZRanOie5M3zZy14uJhajLjgOHB4BoZGRnf6ZD84bvCROMxMhLKclja5CaQk2I2wjux88kZkoWZywqAXl.9UDgKa38_2UlBpAjLmxgNXOAkjpJ7e7aRbiC7j6gClO.XVXQdgsBIdF_Q20uueSETBRdfeuKbEXQrv_Kk2.oB9u2n8ZGqeIJ22pZWXKwv9.sdHjM_GpR8cSU20eD.afsf.Gycke2IrCv4YdmVul4KD4mLhE4xMujDWDcpYqIpmf.oeHGhWnP6_zFu_8oKOrHeZVinoVqS9RSz2vM4XO2wAybP7EQ7UiKJug6rfA8BrlbhHkIMmh1aZYn8HL542uOOaOVziXYhUB6WNx_77NoojJ60ynn2D.3yhRIIXsJ3_JcDhn4iLCJW1r35CNRBZhXz5R7POz7NzlMyU1KpIhtawXfIfBWdWvajoF_VyiOOLw5BOgIqAljr9gxPUeEmrfW1VtAmAAQfP0u2l9BqR8__nJ2O_Zg9bKDeULcqlkG.8MyWUsIONkSdGU.pFZgfjB8B3xiqbynik.ohHyfeRq5NaZkSia8G_Syl1dqPKqa3IGwHIqmdG826_w_D8zPZkkYFwVYjssLTpzNwgP8rTzhnlV8_VW357aLVX15bOc7jzTDMtW4kVIcN5KvNVclRCfOA.HOH1PuXc_WrLwspBlZ5IFYylWHtYX4iM46n4KQLt6blPtqYgBQDdCcyspAa4oDQ7ueh8vQINCWKGwWzZkASAAjRo4xxO5VZGOkSAhfVaUlQ6RUeyx53dRmUBDpw7K4gp2v67qJc6tc2wqo.Rgup3qfyjvNysTL7mDfJOfkxpQlN7rtYvU0GlqBu380_NlMMXwWt2Uhsc.5B3EOUVUMzupivBooLHkQVAAD0l9SRS0qHPumvrhjO6JAZxjrTO1LJiMjZy9UGrmWuC5Wl6Bf3VW3PhRPeQUB275djQ7LVe"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917c345ffae43e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Hafeez%20Muhammad%20Yakasai&__cf_chl_rt_tk=xEr.5Y8Az6o3JfoKDPK2oGq6wGcYXia6brhbcoujc34-1740533790-1.0.1.1-W19LGoXMC2xsFBmlbiT3zcqV73fZHphrqOCRKG6_NlU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>