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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-作品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#作品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>作品</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-作品-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关作品子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-作品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-《医学宝鉴》" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#《医学宝鉴》"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>《医学宝鉴》</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-《医学宝鉴》-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-《自由奴》" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#《自由奴》"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>《自由奴》</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-《自由奴》-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对外科学的贡献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对外科学的贡献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>对外科学的贡献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-对外科学的贡献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关对外科学的贡献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-对外科学的贡献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-外科仪器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外科仪器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>外科仪器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外科仪器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注译" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注译"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>注译</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注译-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">宰赫拉威</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。47种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="الزهراوي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الزهراوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fb%C3%BClqas%C4%B1m_%C9%99z-Z%C9%99hravi" title="Əbülqasım əz-Zəhravi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əbülqasım əz-Zəhravi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF" title="আল-জাহরাবি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল-জাহরাবি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az-Zahraw%C3%AD" title="Az-Zahrawí – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Az-Zahrawí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زەھراوی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەھراوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulcasis" title="Abulcasis – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abulcasis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim" title="Abu al-Qasim – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abu al-Qasim" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulcasis" title="Abulcasis – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abulcasis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulkasizo" title="Abulkasizo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abulkasizo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulcasis" title="Abulcasis – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abulcasis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulkasis" title="Abulkasis – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abulkasis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ابوالقاسم زهراوی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابوالقاسم زهراوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahrawi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Al-Qasim" title="Abu Al-Qasim – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abu Al-Qasim" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulcasis" title="Abulcasis – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abulcasis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9D_%D7%90-%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99" title="אבו אל-קאסם א-זהראווי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבו אל-קאסם א-זהראווי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC-%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB" title="Ալ-Զահրավի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալ-Զահրավի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahrawi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahrawi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="アブー・アル＝カースィム・アッ＝ザフラウィー – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブー・アル＝カースィム・アッ＝ザフラウィー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D1%83-%D0%BB-%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D3%98%D0%B7-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B8" title="Әбу-л-Қасым Әз-Захрауи – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әбу-л-Қасым Әз-Захрауи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehraw%C3%AE" title="Zehrawî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zehrawî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Аз-Захрави – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аз-Захрави" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82" title="അബുൽ കാസിം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബുൽ കാസിം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Al-Qasim_Al-Zahrawi" title="Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahravi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahravi – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahravi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim" title="Abu al-Qasim – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abu al-Qasim" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahrawi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albucassis" title="Albucassis – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Albucassis" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulcasis" title="Abulcasis – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abulcasis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ابو القاسم الزہراوی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابو القاسم الزہراوی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulcasis" title="Abulcasis – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abulcasis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83-%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Абу-ль-Касим аз-Захрави – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абу-ль-Касим аз-Захрави" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ابو القاسم الزھراوي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابو القاسم الزھراوي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahrawi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ابو القاسم الزہراوی – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ابو القاسم الزہراوی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebul_Kasim_el_Zahravi" title="Ebul Kasim el Zahravi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ebul Kasim el Zahravi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahrawi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albucasis" title="Albucasis – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albucasis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehr%C3%A2v%C3%AE" title="Zehrâvî – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zehrâvî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Абу аль Касім аль-Захраві – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абу аль Касім аль-Захраві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ابو القاسم الزہراوی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابو القاسم الزہراوی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_Qosim_az-Zahroviy" title="Abul Qosim az-Zahroviy – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abul Qosim az-Zahroviy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A-%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ალ-ზაჰრავი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალ-ზაჰრავი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q311495#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:; color:;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn">阿布·卡塞姆·哈拉夫·本·阿拔斯</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Albucasis.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Albucasis.gif/220px-Albucasis.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Albucasis.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="381" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:; color:;;">个人资料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">936年<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="安达卢斯">安达卢斯</a><a href="/wiki/Medina_Azahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Medina Azahara">Medina Azahara</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" title="科爾多瓦 (西班牙)">科爾多瓦</a>附近）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1013年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">年代</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代">伊斯蘭黃金時代</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="安达卢斯">安达卢斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="后倭马亚王朝">后倭马亚王朝</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">法理</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">著名思想</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">現代手術及醫材奠基者、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学">外科学</a>之父</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">著作</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kitab al-Tasrif" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kitab al-Tasrif"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab_al-Tasrif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitab al-Tasrif（页面不存在）">Kitab al-Tasrif</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_al-Tasrif" class="extiw" title="en:Kitab al-Tasrif"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kitab al-Tasrif</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:; color:;;">高級職位</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>施影响于</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Abu Muhammad bin Hazm" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abu Muhammad bin Hazm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Muhammad_bin_Hazm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Muhammad bin Hazm（页面不存在）">伊本·哈兹姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_bin_Hazm" class="extiw" title="en:Abu Muhammad bin Hazm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abu Muhammad bin Hazm</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Guy de Chauliac" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guy de Chauliac"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_de_Chauliac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy de Chauliac（页面不存在）">肖利亚克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_de_Chauliac" class="extiw" title="en:Guy de Chauliac"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guy de Chauliac</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅克·德勒尚（页面不存在）">雅克·德勒尚</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得罗·阿尔加利亚塔（页面不存在）">彼得罗·阿尔加利亚塔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>阿布·卡塞姆·哈拉夫·本·阿拔斯·宰赫拉威</b>（阿拉伯语：<span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><b>أبو القاسم خلف بن عباس الزهراوي</b></span>‎，936年－1013年）一般简称<b>宰赫拉威</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（阿拉伯语：<b><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">الزهراوي</span>‎</b>），在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西方国家">西方国家</a>又称<b>阿尔布卡西斯</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la"><b>Albucasis</b></span>），是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯帝国">阿拉伯</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="后倭马亚王朝">后倭马亚王朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF" title="安达卢斯">安达卢西亚</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="醫學家">医学家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学">外科医生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="化学家">化学家</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%AE%B9%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美容学（页面不存在）">美容学</a>家和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="自然科学家">自然科学家</a>，被认为是“现代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学">外科学</a>之父”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%BB%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯兰医药学（页面不存在）">中世纪最伟大的穆斯林外科医生</a>，他的综合性医学巨著奠定了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>之前<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰世界">伊斯兰世界</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>外科学的基础。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>阿布·卡塞姆·宰赫拉威出生于距<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="后倭马亚王朝">后倭马亚王朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">京城</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="科尔多瓦 (西班牙)">科尔多瓦</a>（今属<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>）西北六<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E9%87%8C" title="英里">英里</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宰赫拉城（页面不存在）">宰赫拉城</a>，他的名字“宰赫拉威”就是宰赫拉人的意思。他是早年<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="移民">移居</a>西班牙的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD" title="部落">部落</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E5%A3%AB" title="辅士">辅士</a>的后裔。 </p><p>由于宰赫拉在后来的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E4%BA%BA" title="西班牙人">西班牙土著</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="摩尔人">外来穆斯林</a>的冲突中被毁，除了宰赫拉威自己出版的作品，关于他生平的资料很少。他的名字最早出现在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊本·哈兹姆（页面不存在）">伊本·哈兹姆</a>的作品中，伊本·哈兹姆将他列入穆斯林西班牙最伟大的医学家之列。但最早的宰赫拉威的详细<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="传记">传记</a>是侯迈迪的《安达卢斯诸贤》，完成于宰赫拉威去世后六十年。 </p><p>宰赫拉威一生的大部分时间在科尔多瓦度过，他在科尔多瓦学习、任教，并实践外科<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="手术">手术</a>，直到去世。他去世前两年，他的家乡宰赫拉城在后倭马亚王朝的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" title="内战">内战</a>中遭劫。 </p><p>科尔多瓦的一条<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%97" class="mw-disambig" title="街">街</a>因为阿布·卡塞姆·宰赫拉威（西方称“阿尔布卡西斯”）曾经居住过而被命名为“阿尔布卡西斯大街”（西班牙語：<span lang="es">Calle Albucasis</span>）。他住在大街的6号房，房子如今已经被西班牙旅游协会保护了起来，还挂了一块标示牌（1977年1月起），上面写着：“这是阿布·卡塞姆（即宰赫拉威）住过的房子。”<sup id="cite_ref-FSTC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FSTC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="作品"><span id=".E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81"></span>作品</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：作品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宰赫拉威曾担任后倭马亚王朝<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="哈里发">哈里发</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈卡姆二世（页面不存在）">哈卡姆二世</a>的御医，他穷其毕生精力于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>、尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学">外科学</a>。他的代表作是《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9D%E9%89%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学宝鉴（页面不存在）">医学宝鉴</a>》（或译《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学方法论（页面不存在）">医学方法论</a>》），这是一部30卷的医学<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书">百科全书</a>，涵盖了外科、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="内科学">内科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%BD%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91" title="整形外科">整形外科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="眼科">眼科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="营养学">营养学</a>等诸多方面。 </p><p>14世纪时，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>外科医生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%85%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%82%96%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="居伊·德肖利亚克（页面不存在）">居伊·德肖利亚克</a>在他的著作中引用《医学宝鉴》超过200次。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得罗·阿尔加利亚塔（页面不存在）">彼得罗·阿尔加利亚塔</a>（1453年逝世）称宰赫拉威是“毫无疑问的所有外科医生之冠”。他的一部早期作品显示，他于963年率先描述了在当时属于致命性灾难的<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E4%BD%8D%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0" title="異位妊娠">异位妊娠</a>。另一位法国外科医生雅克·德勒尚（1513-1588）对《医学宝鉴》频繁的引用，证明宰赫拉威的影响持续了至少5个世纪，一直持续到欧洲<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>的开始。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-zahrawi_surgical_tools.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Al-zahrawi_surgical_tools.png/220px-Al-zahrawi_surgical_tools.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Al-zahrawi_surgical_tools.png 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>1531年彼得罗·阿尔加利亚塔用拉丁语翻译的宰赫拉威对外科和内科仪器的论述中的一页。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="《医学宝鉴》"><span id=".E3.80.8A.E5.8C.BB.E5.AD.A6.E5.AE.9D.E9.89.B4.E3.80.8B"></span>《医学宝鉴》</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：《医学宝鉴》"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9D%E9%89%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学宝鉴（页面不存在）">医学宝鉴</a></div> <p>宰赫拉威的30卷医学巨著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9D%E9%89%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学宝鉴（页面不存在）">医学宝鉴</a>》完成于西元1000年，涵盖了医学的诸多方面，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="牙科">牙科</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%A8%A9" title="分娩">分娩</a>，记录了宰赫拉威在50多年学习、任教和行医历程中累积的经验和资料，也记录了宰赫拉威在实践中了解到的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E6%82%A3%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="医患关系">医患关系</a>的重要性和他对学生们的关爱，他称他的学生们为“我的孩子”。在书中他也强调了对不同社会地位的病人平等对待的重要性，他还鼓励近距离观察病人的病情以作出最准确的诊断和最佳治疗方法。 </p><p>12世纪时<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%BA%B3%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" title="克雷莫纳的杰拉德">克雷莫纳的杰拉德</a>将《医学宝鉴》翻译成<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>，并加入注释。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>的大约五百年内，《医学宝鉴》拉丁文译本成为医学知识第一手资料，是内外科医生的主要参考书。 </p><p>《医学宝鉴》还描述了如何缝合<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1" title="血管">血管</a>，比<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E9%9B%B7" title="安布鲁瓦兹·帕雷">安布鲁瓦兹·帕雷</a>几乎早了600年，它还是有记载的第一本介绍<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="牙科">牙科</a>仪器和解释<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%8F%8B%E7%97%85" title="血友病">血友病</a>遗传特性的书。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="《自由奴》"><span id=".E3.80.8A.E8.87.AA.E7.94.B1.E5.A5.B4.E3.80.8B"></span>《自由奴》</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：《自由奴》"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="药理学">药理学</a>领域，宰赫拉威率先用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E5%8D%8E" title="升华">升华</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F" title="蒸馏">蒸馏</a>法制药。他的《自由奴》一书尤其有趣，该书的秘方和说明告诉读者如何提取混合在一堆药物中的药材以及它们的大致使用方法<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对外科学的贡献"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E5.A4.96.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E7.9A.84.E8.B4.A1.E7.8C.AE"></span>对外科学的贡献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：对外科学的贡献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9D%E9%89%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学宝鉴（页面不存在）">医学宝鉴</a></div> <p>宰赫拉威是著名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="外科学">外科</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F" title="医生">医生</a>，专门研究用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%A7%E7%81%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烧灼（页面不存在）">烧灼</a>治疗疾病，他发明了许多外科仪器以达到以下检查和治疗目的： </p> <ul><li>检查<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93" title="尿道">尿道</a>内部</li> <li>将<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89" title="咽喉">咽喉</a>内的异物取出</li> <li>检查<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B3%E9%83%A8" title="耳部">耳</a></li></ul> <p>宰赫拉威也描述了<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%97%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="鉗子">钳子</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%A8%A9" title="分娩">分娩</a>时的作用<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外科仪器"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E7.A7.91.E4.BB.AA.E5.99.A8"></span>外科仪器</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外科仪器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宰赫拉威在他的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9D%E9%89%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学宝鉴（页面不存在）">医学宝鉴</a>》中介绍了他收藏的200多种<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外科仪器（页面不存在）">外科仪器</a>，很多仪器在他以前从来没有外科医生用过，例如哈米丹就列出了宰赫拉威介绍过的26种新颖的外科仪器。 </p><p>宰赫拉威将<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E8%85%B8%E7%B7%9A" title="羊腸線">羊肠线</a>用于内缝的方法直到今日依然在临床使用，羊肠线是可以被人体吸收的唯一天然缝合线。宰赫拉威发明了摘除<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E5%84%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="胎儿">死胎</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%97%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="鉗子">钳子</a>，并在《医学宝鉴》中插图说明<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在《医学宝鉴》一书中，宰赫拉威介绍了在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%A7%E7%81%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烧灼（页面不存在）">烧灼</a>时用缝合线为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89" title="动脉">动脉</a>止<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E9%83%A8" title="血部">血</a>的方法<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在该书中，他还介绍了他发明的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E7%BC%9D%E5%90%88%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外科缝合材料（页面不存在）">外科缝合材料</a><sup id="cite_ref-Makki_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Makki-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>宰赫拉威发明了大约200种新颖的外科仪器，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%AF%E5%88%80" title="手术刀">手术刀</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%AE%E5%8C%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刮匙（页面不存在）">刮匙</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B5%E5%BC%95%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牵引器（页面不存在）">牵引器</a>、药匙、探条、钩子、固定棒和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%A5%E9%95%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="窥镜（页面不存在）">窥镜</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" title="伊斯蘭世界的發明">伊斯兰世界的发明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="发明年表">发明年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" title="伊本·西那">伊本·西那</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注译"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E8.AF.91"></span>注译</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：注译"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">或译<b>扎赫拉维</b>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Martin-Araguz, C. Bustamante-Martinez, Ajo V. Fernandez-Armayor, J. M. Moreno-Martinez (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", <i>Revista de neurología</i> <b>34</b> (9), p. 877-892.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FSTC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FSTC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415020643/http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=364">Muslim Contribution to Cosmetics</a>. FSTC Limited. 2003-05-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-01-29</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=364">原始内容</a>存档于2008-04-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&rft.btitle=Muslim+Contribution+to+Cosmetics&rft.date=2003-05-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FSTC+Limited&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuslimheritage.com%2Ftopics%2Fdefault.cfm%3FArticleID%3D364&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levey M. (1973), <i>Early Arabic Pharmacology</i>, E. J. Brill, Leiden.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Assisted delivery has walked a long and winding road, OBG Management, Vol. 19, No. 6, June 2007, p. 84. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingrid Hehmeyer and Aliya Khan (2007). "Islam's forgotten contributions to medical science", <i>Canadian Medical Association Journal</i> <b>176</b> (10).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabie E. Abdel-Halim, Ali S. Altwaijiri, Salah R. Elfaqih, Ahmad H. Mitwall (2003), "<i>Extraction of urinary bladder described</i> by Abul-Qasim Khalaf Alzahrawi (Albucasis) (325-404 H, 930-1013 AD)", <i>Saudi Medical Journal</i> <b>24</b> (12): 1283-1291 [1289].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Makki-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Makki_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. I. Makki. "Needles & Pins", <i>AlShindagah</i> <b>68</b>, January-February 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khaled al-Hadidi (1978), "The Role of Muslem Scholars in Oto-rhino-Laryngology", <i>The Egyptian Journal of O.R.L.</i> <b>4</b> (1), p. 1-15. (cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=674">Ear, Nose and Throat Medical Practice in Muslim Heritage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111001101604/http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=674">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization.)</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B0%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=223">阿拉伯外科医生阿尔布卡西斯（宰赫拉威）</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100104085132/http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=223">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218163252/http://ummah.net/history/scholars/el_zahrawi/">宰赫拉威——外科学之父</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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