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class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Quadriga rootpage-Quadriga skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Quadriga" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Quadriga" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Quadriga" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Quadriga" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pronunciació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronunciació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pronunciació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronunciació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antecedents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antecedents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Antecedents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Antecedents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Antecedents</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Antecedents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Garamants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garamants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Garamants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garamants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carros_de_guerra_micènics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carros_de_guerra_micènics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Carros de guerra micènics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carros_de_guerra_micènics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descripció" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripció"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Descripció</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descripció-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Descripció</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descripció-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terminologia_romana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologia_romana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Terminologia romana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminologia_romana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminologia_grega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologia_grega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Terminologia grega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminologia_grega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Vehicle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representació_de_quadrigues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representació_de_quadrigues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Representació de quadrigues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Representació_de_quadrigues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Representació de quadrigues</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Representació_de_quadrigues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monedes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monedes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Monedes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monedes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceràmica_pintada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceràmica_pintada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ceràmica pintada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceràmica_pintada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mosaics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mosaics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mosaics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mosaics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exemple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exemple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Exemple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exemple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Escultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Escultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teixits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teixits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Teixits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teixits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quadrigues_monumentals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quadrigues_monumentals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Quadrigues monumentals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quadrigues_monumentals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biga_i_triga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biga_i_triga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Biga i triga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biga_i_triga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Bibliografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografia_de_mosaics_de_circs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia_de_mosaics_de_circs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bibliografia de mosaics de circs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia_de_mosaics_de_circs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quadriga</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 44 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84" title="عربة رباعية الخيول - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عربة رباعية الخيول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuadriga" title="Cuadriga - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuadriga" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрыга - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Квадрыга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevar-yev" title="Pevar-yev - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pevar-yev" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szt%C3%ABr%C3%ABk%C3%B2niowi_zaprzig" title="Sztërëkòniowi zaprzig - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sztërëkòniowi zaprzig" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_(firspand)" title="Quadriga (firspand) - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Quadriga (firspand)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadrigo" title="Kvadrigo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvadrigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuadriga" title="Cuadriga - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuadriga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriiga" title="Kvadriiga - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvadriiga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koadriga" title="Koadriga - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koadriga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%BA" title="چهاریوغ - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چهاریوغ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrige" title="Quadrige - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quadrige" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuadriga" title="Cuadriga - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuadriga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%94" title="קוודריגה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוודריגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D6%84" title="Քառաձի մարտակառք - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քառաձի մարտակառք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrigo" title="Quadrigo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Quadrigo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AC" title="クアドリガ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クアドリガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EA%B0%80" title="콰드리가 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콰드리가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrigae" title="Quadrigae - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quadrigae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwadryga" title="Kwadryga - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwadryga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cvadrig%C4%83" title="Cvadrigă - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cvadrigă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga_(architekt%C3%BAra)" title="Kvadriga (architektúra) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvadriga (architektúra)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_(fyrspann)" title="Quadriga (fyrspann) - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Quadriga (fyrspann)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_xa_t%E1%BB%A9_m%C3%A3" title="Chiến xa tứ mã - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến xa tứ mã" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(S'ha redirigit des de: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triga&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Triga">Triga</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Berlin_Brandenburger_Tor_BW_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Berlin_Brandenburger_Tor_BW_3.jpg/220px-Berlin_Brandenburger_Tor_BW_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Berlin_Brandenburger_Tor_BW_3.jpg/330px-Berlin_Brandenburger_Tor_BW_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Berlin_Brandenburger_Tor_BW_3.jpg/440px-Berlin_Brandenburger_Tor_BW_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Quadriga sobre la <a href="/wiki/Porta_de_Brandenburg" title="Porta de Brandenburg">Porta de Brandenburg</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn" title="Berlín">Berlín</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Auriga_greco_-_Arcaico,_sec._VI_aC,_da_Cizico_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Auriga_greco_-_Arcaico%2C_sec._VI_aC%2C_da_Cizico_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg/220px-Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Auriga_greco_-_Arcaico%2C_sec._VI_aC%2C_da_Cizico_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Auriga_greco_-_Arcaico%2C_sec._VI_aC%2C_da_Cizico_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg/330px-Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Auriga_greco_-_Arcaico%2C_sec._VI_aC%2C_da_Cizico_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Auriga_greco_-_Arcaico%2C_sec._VI_aC%2C_da_Cizico_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg/440px-Istanbul_-_Museo_archeol._-_Auriga_greco_-_Arcaico%2C_sec._VI_aC%2C_da_Cizico_-_Foto_G._Dall%27Orto_28-5-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Auriga_(esclau)" title="Auriga (esclau)">Auriga</a> grec. Baix relleu de l'últim quart del <a href="/wiki/Segle_VI_aC" title="Segle VI aC">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">vi</span> aC</a> procedent de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADzic" title="Cízic">Cízic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museu_Arqueol%C3%B2gic_d%27Istanbul" title="Museu Arqueològic d'Istanbul">Museu Arqueològic d'Istanbul</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Kazanlak-tomb-fresco-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kazanlak-tomb-fresco-1.jpg/220px-Kazanlak-tomb-fresco-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kazanlak-tomb-fresco-1.jpg/330px-Kazanlak-tomb-fresco-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kazanlak-tomb-fresco-1.jpg/440px-Kazanlak-tomb-fresco-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Fresc mostrant una quadriga. Tomba tràcia prop de Kazanlak (Bulgària).</figcaption></figure> <p>Una <b>quadriga</b> (del <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí">llatí</a>, <i>quadri-</i>, quatre, i <i>jungere</i>, junyir, unir mitjançant un <a href="/wiki/Jou" title="Jou">jou</a>) era un <a href="/wiki/Carro" title="Carro">carro</a> impulsat per quatre <a href="/wiki/Cavalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalls">cavalls</a> en línia. Es feien curses de quàdrigues en els <a href="/wiki/Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics" title="Jocs Olímpics">Jocs Olímpics</a> i altres festes sagrades, i es considerava que era el transport dels <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_grega" title="Mitologia grega">déus grecs</a>, com s'ha trobat representat en diferents vasos i relleus artístics. <a href="/wiki/Posid%C3%B3" title="Posidó">Posidó</a> es movia amb una quadriga impulsada per <a href="/wiki/Dofins" title="Dofins">dofins</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Apol%C2%B7lo" title="Apol·lo">Apol·lo</a> es representava habitualment dirigint la seva quadriga pels cels, portant la llum del dia amb ell i dispersant la foscor de la nit. </p><p>Posteriorment, el vehicle fou utilitzat pels generals de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi Romà</a> quan entraven victoriosos en una ciutat, pel que es va associar la quadriga al triomf militar. Així, en la cultura occidental, tradicionalment s'ha utilitzat aquest vehicle en els <a href="/wiki/Monument" title="Monument">monuments</a> per commemorar les victòries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pronunciació"><span id="Pronunciaci.C3.B3"></span>Pronunciació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Pronunciació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La paraula <i>quadriga</i> és plana en català.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antecedents">Antecedents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Antecedents"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_168.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_168.jpg/220px-Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_168.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_168.jpg/330px-Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_168.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_168.jpg/440px-Fondazione_Passar%C3%A9_V31_168.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Pintura rupestre d'una biga garamant (?). Oued Djerat. Algèria.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Cursa_de_carros" title="Cursa de carros">Cursa de carros</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garamants">Garamants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Garamants"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les quadrigues de l'època romana clàssica eren carros de curses. En actes puntuals hi podia haver quadrigues cerimonials. Les quadrigues romanes procedien de les gregues, anomenades “tethrippon”.<sup id="cite_ref-Pontano1538_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pontano1538-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heyse1859_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heyse1859-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Her%C3%B2dot" title="Heròdot">Heròdot</a>, en el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">v</span> aC afirmava que els grecs aprengueren dels antics libis a junyir quatre cavalls a un carro.<sup id="cite_ref-AkioudCastellanos2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AkioudCastellanos2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HerodotusRecort2007_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HerodotusRecort2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LARCHER1855_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARCHER1855-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S'estava referint als <a href="/wiki/Garamants" title="Garamants">garamants</a>. Hi ha més de 500 dibuixos antics, conservats en diverses zones del territori del Sahara, que representen carros dels garamants. La majoria són bigues, amb tirs de dos cavalls. Però n'hi ha alguns que mostren tirs de quatre cavalls.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark1982_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark1982-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mattingly2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mattingly2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wright2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wright2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Hi ha alguna traducció de Heròdot que parla de carros garamants amb quatre cavalls que no s'ajusta amb altres versions.<sup id="cite_ref-Herodotus1846_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herodotus1846-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Azzaroli1985_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azzaroli1985-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Segons Heròdot hi havia un poble a Líbia, els <a href="/wiki/Zaueces" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaueces">zaueces</a>, les dones dels quals conduïen carros de guerra.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheeler1848_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheeler1848-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carros_de_guerra_micènics"><span id="Carros_de_guerra_mic.C3.A8nics"></span>Carros de guerra micènics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Carros de guerra micènics"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_mic%C3%A8nic" title="Exèrcit micènic">Exèrcit micènic</a></div> <p>Els carros de guerra de l'<a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_mic%C3%A8nic" title="Exèrcit micènic">exèrcit micènic</a> eren amb tir de dos cavalls. La majoria de rodes de les bigues micèniques representades són de quatre radis.<sup id="cite_ref-Feuer2004_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feuer2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripció"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3"></span>Descripció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Descripció"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Circus_Mosaic1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Circus_Mosaic1.JPG/220px-Circus_Mosaic1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Circus_Mosaic1.JPG/330px-Circus_Mosaic1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Circus_Mosaic1.JPG/440px-Circus_Mosaic1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption>Mosaic representant les curses de quadrigues en un circ. Trobat en el <a href="/wiki/Palau_Reial_Menor" title="Palau Reial Menor">Palau Reial Menor</a> de Barcelona. Prop del 350 dC .</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Bronzerad_von_Stade.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bronzerad_von_Stade.JPG/220px-Bronzerad_von_Stade.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bronzerad_von_Stade.JPG/330px-Bronzerad_von_Stade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bronzerad_von_Stade.JPG/440px-Bronzerad_von_Stade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Roda de carro de bronze de Stade. Prop del 700 aC .</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:A_aesthetic_linchpin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/A_aesthetic_linchpin.JPG/220px-A_aesthetic_linchpin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/A_aesthetic_linchpin.JPG/330px-A_aesthetic_linchpin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/A_aesthetic_linchpin.JPG/440px-A_aesthetic_linchpin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Detall d'una roda de carro. La clàvia o xaveta, inserida a l'eix, impedeix que la roda surti.</figcaption></figure> <p>Una quadriga era un carro tirat per quatre cavalls de front.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nebrija1757_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nebrija1757-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els cavalls anaven junyits en un timó, format per una barra única central, amb dos cavalls a cada banda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminologia_romana">Terminologia romana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Terminologia romana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els dos cavalls més propers al timó s'anomenaven “equi iugale” en llatí. Els de les bandes externes s'anomenaven “equi funale”. Des del punt de vista de l'auriga els quatre cavalls eren els següents: “sinisteriore funali”, “sinisteriore iugali”, “dexterior iugali”, “dexterior funali”.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardin-DumesnilJannet1827_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardin-DumesnilJannet1827-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith1870_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1870-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un dels cavalls més importants era el primer de l'esquerra, el “sinisteriore equus funalis”. En el circ els girs s'efectuaven cap a l'esquerra i calia un cavall que pogués dominar els altres, alentint el pas sense perdre la guia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Segons una altra opinió el cavall més important era el que estava prop del timó a la dreta.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawrence2010_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawrence2010-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminologia_grega">Terminologia grega</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Terminologia grega"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La majoria de paraules gregues importants relacionades amb les quadrigues s'han conservat en obres escrites. El terme grec de quadriga és <i>tethrippon</i>. El que correspon a auriga, <i>enioxos</i>. (Amb uns quants sinònims). Els dos cavalls interiors s'anomenaven <i>zygioi</i> i els exteriors <i>seiraphoroi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2009_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2009-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vehicle">Vehicle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Vehicle"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El carruatge pròpiament dit es basava en un eix horitzontal, normalment no giratori, amb una roda a cada extrem. Unida sòlidament a l'eix hi havia la llança o timó. La resta de l'estructura estava formada per una plataforma horitzontal (sobre la qual l'auriga se situava en posició erguida) i una mena de carenat pel davant i els costats. La parte posterior quedava oberta. </p> <ul><li>Les rodes eren de radis (des de 4 fins a 8 radis). Els radis de fusta unien el cèrcol exterior (també de fusta i reforçat amb una llanda de ferro) amb el botó central de la roda, foradat al mig i fent de coixinet.</li></ul> <p>Cada roda anava insertada al cap rebaixat (de menor diàmetre) de l'eix i hi havia un pern o una clavilla (<a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A0via" title="Clàvia">clàvia</a> o xaveta), amb una volandera o similar, que impedia que la roda sortís de l'eix cap a l'exterior. La roda no podia anar cap a l'interior per topar amb un diàmetre de l'eix més gran que el forat del botó.<sup id="cite_ref-Crouwel1992_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crouwel1992-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>El botó de les rodes antigues tenia una amplària molt gran, comparada amb els botons de roda moderns. (Vegeu imatges).</li> <li>Segons una referència moderna algunes quadrigues romanes pesaven només uns 25 quilos.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2009_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2009-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representació_de_quadrigues"><span id="Representaci.C3.B3_de_quadrigues"></span>Representació de quadrigues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Representació de quadrigues"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els coneixements actuals sobre les diferents quadrigues antigues no es limiten a les referències literàries. Hi ha monedes, escultures, ceràmica pintada, mosaics, <a href="/wiki/Petr%C3%B2glifs" class="mw-redirect" title="Petròglifs">petròglifs</a> i teixits estampats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monedes">Monedes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Monedes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1012px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Leontinoi,_tetradracma,_480_ac._ca_quadriga.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetradracma de Leontinoi. 480 aC"><img alt="Tetradracma de Leontinoi. 480 aC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Leontinoi%2C_tetradracma%2C_480_ac._ca_quadriga.JPG/143px-Leontinoi%2C_tetradracma%2C_480_ac._ca_quadriga.JPG" decoding="async" width="143" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Leontinoi%2C_tetradracma%2C_480_ac._ca_quadriga.JPG/215px-Leontinoi%2C_tetradracma%2C_480_ac._ca_quadriga.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Leontinoi%2C_tetradracma%2C_480_ac._ca_quadriga.JPG/287px-Leontinoi%2C_tetradracma%2C_480_ac._ca_quadriga.JPG 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tetradracma de Leontinoi. 480 aC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Syracuse_Philistis_Tetradrachm_218_BC_80000114.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetradracma de Siracusa. 218 aC"><img alt="Tetradracma de Siracusa. 218 aC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Syracuse_Philistis_Tetradrachm_218_BC_80000114.jpg/210px-Syracuse_Philistis_Tetradrachm_218_BC_80000114.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Syracuse_Philistis_Tetradrachm_218_BC_80000114.jpg/315px-Syracuse_Philistis_Tetradrachm_218_BC_80000114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Syracuse_Philistis_Tetradrachm_218_BC_80000114.jpg/420px-Syracuse_Philistis_Tetradrachm_218_BC_80000114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tetradracma de Siracusa. 218 aC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Selinos_AR_Tetradrachm_82000284.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tetradracma de Selinos. 455-409 aC"><img alt="Tetradracma de Selinos. 455-409 aC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Selinos_AR_Tetradrachm_82000284.jpg/210px-Selinos_AR_Tetradrachm_82000284.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Selinos_AR_Tetradrachm_82000284.jpg/315px-Selinos_AR_Tetradrachm_82000284.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Selinos_AR_Tetradrachm_82000284.jpg/420px-Selinos_AR_Tetradrachm_82000284.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tetradracma de Selinos. 455-409 aC</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceràmica_pintada"><span id="Cer.C3.A0mica_pintada"></span>Ceràmica pintada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Ceràmica pintada"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1012px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Chariot_race_Met_L.1999.10.12.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cursa de cavalls en una àmfora grega"><img alt="Cursa de cavalls en una àmfora grega" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Chariot_race_Met_L.1999.10.12.jpg/210px-Chariot_race_Met_L.1999.10.12.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Chariot_race_Met_L.1999.10.12.jpg/315px-Chariot_race_Met_L.1999.10.12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Chariot_race_Met_L.1999.10.12.jpg/420px-Chariot_race_Met_L.1999.10.12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3964" data-file-height="2643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Cursa de cavalls en una àmfora grega</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Quadriga_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1468.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista frontal d'una quadriga grega."><img alt="Vista frontal d'una quadriga grega." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Quadriga_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1468.jpg/210px-Quadriga_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1468.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Quadriga_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1468.jpg/315px-Quadriga_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1468.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Quadriga_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1468.jpg/420px-Quadriga_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_1468.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3258" data-file-height="2214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vista frontal d'una quadriga grega.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Panathenaic_amphora_Firenze_Museo_archeologico_97779.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Àmfora panatenaica. 550-540 aC"><img alt="Àmfora panatenaica. 550-540 aC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Panathenaic_amphora_Firenze_Museo_archeologico_97779.jpg/175px-Panathenaic_amphora_Firenze_Museo_archeologico_97779.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Panathenaic_amphora_Firenze_Museo_archeologico_97779.jpg/263px-Panathenaic_amphora_Firenze_Museo_archeologico_97779.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Panathenaic_amphora_Firenze_Museo_archeologico_97779.jpg/351px-Panathenaic_amphora_Firenze_Museo_archeologico_97779.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="782" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80mfora_panatenaica" title="Àmfora panatenaica">Àmfora panatenaica</a>. 550-540 aC</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mosaics">Mosaics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Mosaics"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Catalunya hi ha dos mosaics amb representació de quadrigues: el que es va trobar al Palau Reial Menor de Barcelona i el mosaic de Bell-lloc del Pla (Can Birol), a Girona. Altres mosaics importants fora de Catalunya són el de Mèrida, el de la <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Armerina" title="Piazza Armerina">Piazza Armerina</a> a Sicília i el del Museu de Fourvière a Lió. </p><p>Sobre els mosaics hi ha una documentació prou notable, amb diversos estudis especialitzats. Generalment hi ha poca informació sobre els aspectes tècnics dels vehicles i els guarniments dels cavalls. Per contra, les llistes dels noms dels aurigues i dels cavalls estàn ben exposades, amb arguments que relacionen les inscripcions de cada mosaic amb les d'altres representacions, dins d'un marc social general de les curses de cavalls i de l'art relacionat. (Vegeu Bibliografia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exemple">Exemple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Exemple"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El mosaic del circ de Barcelona està datat al voltant del 325 dC. Hi ha els noms dels cavalls següents: Eridanvs, Brotocales, Iscolasticvs, Regnator, Famosvs, Pyripinvs, Arpastvs, Evfrata, Evstolvs, Pelops, Lucxvriosvs. Els quatre cavalls guanyadors de la cursa representada foren <i>Eridanvs</i>, <i>Ispvmevs</i>, <i>Pelops</i> i <i>Lucxvriosvs.</i> </p> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1012px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Villa_Del_Casale_Char.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cursa de cavalls representada en un mosaic romà del gimnàs de la vil·la romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicília. Segle III-IV."><img alt="Cursa de cavalls representada en un mosaic romà del gimnàs de la vil·la romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicília. Segle III-IV." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Villa_Del_Casale_Char.jpg/210px-Villa_Del_Casale_Char.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Villa_Del_Casale_Char.jpg/315px-Villa_Del_Casale_Char.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Villa_Del_Casale_Char.jpg/420px-Villa_Del_Casale_Char.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="1259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Cursa de cavalls representada en un <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_rom%C3%A0" title="Mosaic romà">mosaic romà</a> del gimnàs de la vil·la romana del Casale, <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Armerina" title="Piazza Armerina">Piazza Armerina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>. Segle III-IV.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Circus_Mosaic_(Fourviere).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosaic del Musée gallo-romain de Fourvière (Lió)"><img alt="Mosaic del Musée gallo-romain de Fourvière (Lió)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Circus_Mosaic_%28Fourviere%29.jpg/210px-Circus_Mosaic_%28Fourviere%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Circus_Mosaic_%28Fourviere%29.jpg/315px-Circus_Mosaic_%28Fourviere%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Circus_Mosaic_%28Fourviere%29.jpg/420px-Circus_Mosaic_%28Fourviere%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Mosaic del Musée gallo-romain de Fourvière (Lió)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:M%C3%A9rida-Mosaico_de_los_aurigas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mosaic dels aurigues. Augusta Emèrita"><img alt="Mosaic dels aurigues. Augusta Emèrita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/M%C3%A9rida-Mosaico_de_los_aurigas.jpg/200px-M%C3%A9rida-Mosaico_de_los_aurigas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/M%C3%A9rida-Mosaico_de_los_aurigas.jpg/300px-M%C3%A9rida-Mosaico_de_los_aurigas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/M%C3%A9rida-Mosaico_de_los_aurigas.jpg/400px-M%C3%A9rida-Mosaico_de_los_aurigas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mosaic dels aurigues. <a href="/wiki/Augusta_Em%C3%A8rita" title="Augusta Emèrita">Augusta Emèrita</a></div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escultura">Escultura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Escultura"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1012px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Monument_pedestal_Krates_victory_S399_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pedestal del monument dedicat a la victòria de Krates en la disciplina apobates. Segle IV aC."><img alt="Pedestal del monument dedicat a la victòria de Krates en la disciplina apobates. Segle IV aC." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Monument_pedestal_Krates_victory_S399_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg/210px-Monument_pedestal_Krates_victory_S399_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Monument_pedestal_Krates_victory_S399_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg/315px-Monument_pedestal_Krates_victory_S399_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Monument_pedestal_Krates_victory_S399_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg/420px-Monument_pedestal_Krates_victory_S399_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4125" data-file-height="1942" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pedestal del monument dedicat a la victòria de Krates en la disciplina apobates. Segle IV aC.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Crat%C3%A8reVixD%C3%A9tail1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detall del crater de Vix."><img alt="Detall del crater de Vix." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Crat%C3%A8reVixD%C3%A9tail1.jpg/200px-Crat%C3%A8reVixD%C3%A9tail1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Crat%C3%A8reVixD%C3%A9tail1.jpg/300px-Crat%C3%A8reVixD%C3%A9tail1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Crat%C3%A8reVixD%C3%A9tail1.jpg/400px-Crat%C3%A8reVixD%C3%A9tail1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detall del <a href="/wiki/Crater_(recipient)" title="Crater (recipient)">crater</a> de Vix.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:IMG_1096_-_Perugia_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Urna_di_M._Ulpius_Floridus_sec._II_d.C._-_7_ago_2006_-_Foto_G..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Urna funerària de M. Ulpius Floridius. Segle II dC."><img alt="Urna funerària de M. Ulpius Floridius. Segle II dC." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IMG_1096_-_Perugia_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Urna_di_M._Ulpius_Floridus_sec._II_d.C._-_7_ago_2006_-_Foto_G..jpg/133px-IMG_1096_-_Perugia_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Urna_di_M._Ulpius_Floridus_sec._II_d.C._-_7_ago_2006_-_Foto_G..jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IMG_1096_-_Perugia_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Urna_di_M._Ulpius_Floridus_sec._II_d.C._-_7_ago_2006_-_Foto_G..jpg/200px-IMG_1096_-_Perugia_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Urna_di_M._Ulpius_Floridus_sec._II_d.C._-_7_ago_2006_-_Foto_G..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IMG_1096_-_Perugia_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Urna_di_M._Ulpius_Floridus_sec._II_d.C._-_7_ago_2006_-_Foto_G..jpg/267px-IMG_1096_-_Perugia_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Urna_di_M._Ulpius_Floridus_sec._II_d.C._-_7_ago_2006_-_Foto_G..jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Urna funerària de M. Ulpius Floridius. Segle II dC.</div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teixits">Teixits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la secció: Teixits"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1372px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Shroud_of_Charlemagne_manufactured_in_Constantinople_814.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista parcial del sudari de Carlemany, mostrant una quadriga. Teixit romà d'Orient de seda. Any 814 dC"><img alt="Vista parcial del sudari de Carlemany, mostrant una quadriga. Teixit romà d'Orient de seda. Any 814 dC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Shroud_of_Charlemagne_manufactured_in_Constantinople_814.jpg/196px-Shroud_of_Charlemagne_manufactured_in_Constantinople_814.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Shroud_of_Charlemagne_manufactured_in_Constantinople_814.jpg/294px-Shroud_of_Charlemagne_manufactured_in_Constantinople_814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Shroud_of_Charlemagne_manufactured_in_Constantinople_814.jpg/393px-Shroud_of_Charlemagne_manufactured_in_Constantinople_814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="2057" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Vista parcial del sudari de <a href="/wiki/Carlemany" title="Carlemany">Carlemany</a>, mostrant una quadriga. Teixit romà d'Orient de seda. Any 814 dC </div> </li> </ul> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quadrigues_monumentals">Quadrigues monumentals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la secció: Quadrigues monumentals"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El monument d'aquest tipus més famós es troba a <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn" title="Berlín">Berlín</a>, coronant la porta de Brandemburg. Aquesta escultura fou retirada de Berlín per l'<a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit" title="Exèrcit">exèrcit</a> de <a href="/wiki/Napole%C3%B3_Bonaparte" title="Napoleó Bonaparte">Napoleó</a>, que la va portar a França com a trofeu. Després de la caiguda de Napoleó, l'obra fou tornada a Berlín, on roman actualment. </p><p>Una altra quadriga famosa és la de l'<i><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_triomf" title="Arc de triomf">Arc de triomf</a> del Carrousel</i> a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>, presidint l'entrada als terrenys del <a href="/wiki/Museu_del_Louvre" title="Museu del Louvre">Museu del Louvre</a>. </p><p>Sembla que totes les quadrigues modernes es basen en la <i>Quadriga triomfal</i>, també coneguda com els <a href="/wiki/Cavalls_de_Sant_Marc" title="Cavalls de Sant Marc">cavalls de Sant Marc</a>, una escultura grega o <a href="/wiki/Escultura_romana" title="Escultura romana">romana</a> que és l'única supervivent de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_antiga" title="Edat antiga">Edat antiga</a>. Fou erigida originalment en l'Hipòdrom de <a href="/wiki/Constantinoble" title="Constantinoble">Constantinoble</a>, i ara es troba a la <a href="/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica" title="Basílica">Basílica</a> de Sant Marc, a <a href="/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia">Venècia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biga_i_triga">Biga i triga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la secció: Biga i triga"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eren carros semblant a la quadriga però tirats per dos (biga) o tres cavalls (triga).<sup id="cite_ref-Ávila2002_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ávila2002-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carro_de_guerra" title="Carro de guerra">Carro de guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llista_de_cavalls_famosos" title="Llista de cavalls famosos">Llista de cavalls famosos</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uoc.edu/portal/_resources/CA/documents/recursos-linguistics/guia-practica-de-catala-20160908.pdf">Guia pràctica de català.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pontano1538-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pontano1538_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Giovanni Gioviano Pontano. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=9Vwey0tMT2gC&pg=PA76"><i>Ioannis Iouiani Pontani ... Opera quae soluta oratione composuit, omnia: in tomos tres digesta: Ioannis Iouiani Pontani, Librorum omnium, quos soluta oratione composuit, tomus secundus cui insunt, De aspiratione, lib. 2. Item, Dialogi festiuissimi, diuersorum argumentorum, nempe Charon. Antonius. Actius. Aegidius. Asinus. De sermone, lib. 6. Belli, quod ferdinandus senior Neapolitanorum rex cum Ioanne Andegauiensium duce gessit, libri totidem</i></a>, 1538, p. 76–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ioannis+Iouiani+Pontani+...+Opera+quae+soluta+oratione+composuit%2C+omnia%3A+in+tomos+tres+digesta%3A+Ioannis+Iouiani+Pontani%2C+Librorum+omnium%2C+quos+soluta+oratione+composuit%2C+tomus+secundus+cui+insunt%2C+De+aspiratione%2C+lib.+2.+Item%2C+Dialogi+festiuissimi%2C+diuersorum+argumentorum%2C+nempe+Charon.+Antonius.+Actius.+Aegidius.+Asinus.+De+sermone%2C+lib.+6.+Belli%2C+quod+ferdinandus+senior+Neapolitanorum+rex+cum+Ioanne+Andegauiensium+duce+gessit%2C+libri+totidem&rft.au=Giovanni+Gioviano+Pontano&rft.date=1538&rft.pages=76%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Vwey0tMT2gC%26pg%3DPA76"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heyse1859-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Heyse1859_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Johann Christian August Heyse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=BbU9AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA913"><i>Dr. Joh. Christ. Aug. Heyse's allgemeines verdeutschendes und erklärendes fremdwörterbuch mit bezeichnung der aussprache und betonung der wörter nebst genauer angabe ihrer abstammung und bildung: 12. ausg. Nach den früheren bearbeitungen von dr. K. W. L. Heyse ... neu verbessert und sehr bereichert herausgegeben von dr. C. A. F. Mahn</i></a>.  Hahn, 1859, p. 913-.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dr.+Joh.+Christ.+Aug.+Heyse%27s+allgemeines+verdeutschendes+und+erkl%C3%A4rendes+fremdw%C3%B6rterbuch+mit+bezeichnung+der+aussprache+und+betonung+der+w%C3%B6rter+nebst+genauer+angabe+ihrer+abstammung+und+bildung%3A+12.+ausg.+Nach+den+fr%C3%BCheren+bearbeitungen+von+dr.+K.+W.+L.+Heyse+...+neu+verbessert+und+sehr+bereichert+herausgegeben+von+dr.+C.+A.+F.+Mahn&rft.au=Johann+Christian+August+Heyse&rft.date=1859&rft.pub=Hahn&rft.pages=913-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBbU9AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA913"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AkioudCastellanos2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AkioudCastellanos2007_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Hassan Akioud; Eva Castellanos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=h31lUVEU3zkC&pg=PA21"><i>Els amazics: una història silenciada, una llengua viva</i></a>.  Cossetània Edicions, 1 gener 2007, p. 21–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9791-254-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9791-254-9">ISBN 978-84-9791-254-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Els+amazics%3A+una+hist%C3%B2ria+silenciada%2C+una+llengua+viva&rft.date=1+gener+2007&rft.pub=Cosset%C3%A0nia+Edicions&rft.pages=21%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-84-9791-254-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh31lUVEU3zkC%26pg%3DPA21"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HerodotusRecort2007-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HerodotusRecort2007_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Herodotus; Manuel Balasch i Recort; Joaquim Gestí <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=t_cKAQAAMAAJ"><i>Història</i></a>.  Fundació Bernat Metge, 2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-7225-765-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-7225-765-8">ISBN 978-84-7225-765-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B2ria&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3+Bernat+Metge&rft.isbn=978-84-7225-765-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt_cKAQAAMAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARCHER1855-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LARCHER1855_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">LARCHER. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=mnJ-uivrs-YC&pg=PA384"><i>Histoire d ́Hérodote</i></a>.  Charpentier, 1855, p. 384–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+d+%CC%81H%C3%A9rodote&rft.au=LARCHER&rft.date=1855&rft.pub=Charpentier&rft.pages=384%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmnJ-uivrs-YC%26pg%3DPA384"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark1982-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Clark1982_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">J. Desmond Clark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=Y8iiqIZRhQoC&pg=PA619"><i>The Cambridge History of Africa</i></a>.  <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 25 febrer 1982, p. 619–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-22215-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-22215-0">ISBN 978-0-521-22215-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Africa&rft.au=J.+Desmond+Clark&rft.date=25+febrer+1982&rft.pub=%5B%5BCambridge+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.pages=619%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22215-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY8iiqIZRhQoC%26pg%3DPA619"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mattingly2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mattingly2003_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">David J. Mattingly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=PlmQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62"><i>Tripolitania</i></a>.  Routledge, 2 setembre 2003, p. 62–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-135-78283-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-135-78283-2">ISBN 978-1-135-78283-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tripolitania&rft.au=David+J.+Mattingly&rft.date=2+setembre+2003&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.pages=62%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-135-78283-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPlmQAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA62"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright2012-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wright2012_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">John Wright. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=WB50sqpZKk8C&pg=PA29"><i>A History of Libya</i></a>.  Hurst Publishers, 2012, p. 29–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-84904-227-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-84904-227-7">ISBN 978-1-84904-227-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Libya&rft.au=John+Wright&rft.date=2012&rft.pub=Hurst+Publishers&rft.pages=29%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-227-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWB50sqpZKk8C%26pg%3DPA29"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herodotus1846-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Herodotus1846_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Herodotus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=EjVDadjzg-4C&pg=PA353"><i>The Nine Books of the History of Herodotus</i></a>.  Henry Slatter, High Street, 1846, p. 353-.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nine+Books+of+the+History+of+Herodotus&rft.au=Herodotus&rft.date=1846&rft.pub=Henry+Slatter%2C+High+Street&rft.pages=353-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEjVDadjzg-4C%26pg%3DPA353"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azzaroli1985-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Azzaroli1985_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Augusto Azzaroli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=KvEUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA62"><i>An Early History of Horsemanship</i></a>.  BRILL, 1 gener 1985, p. 62–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/90-04-07233-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/90-04-07233-0">ISBN 90-04-07233-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Early+History+of+Horsemanship&rft.au=Augusto+Azzaroli&rft.date=1+gener+1985&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.pages=62%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=90-04-07233-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKvEUAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA62"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler1848-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler1848_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">James Talboys Wheeler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=LSkEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA111"><i>An analysis and summary of Herodotus [by J.T. Wheeler].</i></a>, 1848, p. 111–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+analysis+and+summary+of+Herodotus+%26%2391%3Bby+J.T.+Wheeler%26%2393%3B.&rft.au=James+Talboys+Wheeler&rft.date=1848&rft.pages=111%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLSkEAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA111"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feuer2004-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Feuer2004_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Bryan Feuer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=3SQTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA250"><i>Mycenaean Civilization: An Annotated Bibliography through 2002, rev. ed.</i></a>.  McFarland, 2 març 2004, p. 250–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-7864-1748-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-7864-1748-3">ISBN 978-0-7864-1748-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mycenaean+Civilization%3A+An+Annotated+Bibliography+through+2002%2C+rev.+ed.&rft.au=Bryan+Feuer&rft.date=2+mar%C3%A7+2004&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.pages=250%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1748-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3SQTBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA250"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diccionari.cat/lexicx.jsp?GECART=0111958">GDLC. Quadriga.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nebrija1757-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Nebrija1757_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Elio Antonio de Nebrija. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=m0AOiYTGp4sC&pg=PA270"><i>Aelii Antonii Nebrissensis Grammaticarum institutionum libri quatuor: nunc denuo ad publicam utilitatem diligentissimè recogniti nec non gotholaunicis explanationibus ac notis illustrati ...</i></a>.  Typis Academicis, apud Antoniam viduam Emmanuelis Ibarra, 1757, p. 270–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aelii+Antonii+Nebrissensis+Grammaticarum+institutionum+libri+quatuor%3A+nunc+denuo+ad+publicam+utilitatem+diligentissim%C3%A8+recogniti+nec+non+gotholaunicis+explanationibus+ac+notis+illustrati+...&rft.au=Elio+Antonio+de+Nebrija&rft.date=1757&rft.pub=Typis+Academicis%2C+apud+Antoniam+viduam+Emmanuelis+Ibarra&rft.pages=270%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm0AOiYTGp4sC%26pg%3DPA270"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardin-DumesnilJannet1827-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gardin-DumesnilJannet1827_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Jean Baptiste Gardin-Dumesnil; Jean-Philippe Jannet <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=zCZbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA231"><i>Synonymes latins, et leurs différentes significations, avec des exemples tirés des meilleurs auteurs; à l'imitation des synonymes français de l'abbé Girard</i></a>.  a la librairie classique de Marie-Nyon, 1827, p. 231–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synonymes+latins%2C+et+leurs+diff%C3%A9rentes+significations%2C+avec+des+exemples+tir%C3%A9s+des+meilleurs+auteurs%3B+%C3%A0+l%27imitation+des+synonymes+fran%C3%A7ais+de+l%27abb%C3%A9+Girard&rft.date=1827&rft.pub=a+la+librairie+classique+de+Marie-Nyon&rft.pages=231%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzCZbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA231"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith1870-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith1870_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">William Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=9iBTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA379"><i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</i></a>.  J. Walton, 1870, p. 379–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Antiquities&rft.au=William+Smith&rft.date=1870&rft.pub=J.+Walton&rft.pages=379%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9iBTAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA379"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=8UkDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA513"><i>The Monthly Review</i></a>.  Hurst, Robinson, 1842, p. 513-.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monthly+Review&rft.date=1842&rft.pub=Hurst%2C+Robinson&rft.pages=513-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8UkDAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA513"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/circusmaximus/circusmaximus.html">Penelope. U. Chicago. Circus Maximus.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawrence2010-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lawrence2010_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Caroline Lawrence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=gBtleK11K2sC&pg=PT172"><i>The Charioteer of Delphi</i></a>.  Hachette Children's Group, 9 desembre 2010, p. 172–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4440-0362-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4440-0362-8">ISBN 978-1-4440-0362-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Charioteer+of+Delphi&rft.au=Caroline+Lawrence&rft.date=9+desembre+2010&rft.pub=Hachette+Children%27s+Group&rft.pages=172%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-4440-0362-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgBtleK11K2sC%26pg%3DPT172"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2009-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2009_21-0">21,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2009_21-1">21,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Tim Harris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=3A33GeKnX5oC&pg=PT557"><i>Sport: Almost Everything You Ever Wanted to Know</i></a>.  Random House, 30 juny 2009, p. 557–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4090-7810-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4090-7810-4">ISBN 978-1-4090-7810-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport%3A+Almost+Everything+You+Ever+Wanted+to+Know&rft.au=Tim+Harris&rft.date=30+juny+2009&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.pages=557%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-1-4090-7810-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3A33GeKnX5oC%26pg%3DPT557"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crouwel1992-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Crouwel1992_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">J. H. Crouwel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=weJ8AAAAMAAJ"><i>Chariots and Other Wheeled Vehicles in Iron Age Greece</i></a>.  Allard Pierson Museum, 1992. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-90-71211-21-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-90-71211-21-8">ISBN 978-90-71211-21-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chariots+and+Other+Wheeled+Vehicles+in+Iron+Age+Greece&rft.au=J.+H.+Crouwel&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=Allard+Pierson+Museum&rft.isbn=978-90-71211-21-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DweJ8AAAAMAAJ"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ávila2002-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ávila2002_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">F. Javier Jiménez Ávila. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=pmFmJvWch2wC&pg=PA232"><i>La toréutica orientalizante en la Península Ibérica</i></a>.  Real Academia de la Historia, 2002, p. 232–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788495983053" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788495983053">ISBN 9788495983053</a></span> [Consulta: 28 gener 2011].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+tor%C3%A9utica+orientalizante+en+la+Pen%C3%ADnsula+Ib%C3%A9rica&rft.au=F.+Javier+Jim%C3%A9nez+%C3%81vila&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Real+Academia+de+la+Historia&rft.pages=232%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=9788495983053&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpmFmJvWch2wC%26pg%3DPA232"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=20" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia_de_mosaics_de_circs">Bibliografia de mosaics de circs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=21" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia de mosaics de circs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marta Darder Lisson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277192765_El_mosaic_circenc_de_Barcino_Implicacions_iconografiques_a_partir_de_les_aportacions_semantiques">"El mosaic circenc de Barcino. Implicacions iconogràfiques a partir de les aportacions semàntiques", <i>Butlletí de la Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi</i>, VII-VIII, 1993-1994</a>, pàgs. 251-281.</li> <li>José María Blázquez Martínez. <i>Mosaicos y pinturas con escenas de circo en los museos arqueológicos de Madrid y Mérida</i>. Madrid: Dirección General de Bellas Artes, 1974.</li> <li>José María Blázquez Martínez. <i>El Circo Máximo de Roma y los mosaicos circenses de Barcelona, Gerona e Italica</i>. Madrid: Dirección General de Bellas Artes, [2001?]</li> <li>José María Blázquez Martínez. <i>Las relaciones entre los mosaicos de Mérida y de la Península Ibérica en general</i>. Mèrida: Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, 1996.</li> <li>Mongi, Ennaïfer. «Le thème des chevaux vainqueurs à travers la série des mosaiques Africaines». A: <i>Mélanges de l'Ecole française de Rome. Antiquité</i>, núm. 95/2. 1983.</li> <li>Francesc-Josep de Rueda Roigé. «El mosaico del circo documentado en Itálica». A: <i>Locus Amoenus</i>, núm. 7. 2004</li></ul> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quadriga" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quadriga">Quadriga</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cavalls,_èquids_i_temes_hípics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Hipisme" title="Plantilla:Hipisme"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Cavalls,_èquids_i_temes_hípics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavalls</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%88quid" class="mw-redirect" title="Èquid">èquids</a> i temes <a href="/wiki/H%C3%ADpica" title="Hípica">hípics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.5em 1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncia_h%C3%ADpica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciència hípica">Ciència hípica</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Conducta_del_cavall" title="Conducta del cavall">Conducta del cavall</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cura_dels_cavalls" title="Cura dels cavalls">Cura dels cavalls</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Equitaci%C3%B3" title="Equitació">Equitació</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pelatge_dels_cavalls" title="Pelatge dels cavalls">Pelatge dels cavalls</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Locomoci%C3%B3_dels_cavalls" title="Locomoció dels cavalls">Locomoció dels cavalls</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Round_Horse_Drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Round_Horse_Drawing.jpg/150px-Round_Horse_Drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Round_Horse_Drawing.jpg/225px-Round_Horse_Drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Round_Horse_Drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="266" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.5em 1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Esport_eq%C3%BCestre" title="Esport eqüestre">Esports eqüestres</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Apene" title="Apene">Apene</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Doma" title="Doma">Doma</a> clàssica <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Doma_menorquina" title="Doma menorquina">Doma menorquina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Circ_M%C3%A0xim" title="Circ Màxim">Circ Màxim</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Circ_rom%C3%A0" title="Circ romà">Circ romà</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cursa_de_cavalls" title="Cursa de cavalls">Cursa de cavalls</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cursa_de_carros" title="Cursa de carros">Cursa de carros</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cursa_de_trotadors" title="Cursa de trotadors">Cursa de trotadors</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/H%C3%ADpica_als_Jocs_Ol%C3%ADmpics" title="Hípica als Jocs Olímpics">Hípica als Jocs Olímpics</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hip%C3%B2drom" title="Hipòdrom">Hipòdrom</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kalpe" title="Kalpe">Kalpe</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jocs_circenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Jocs circenses">Jocs circenses</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Keles" title="Keles">Keles</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Escola_Espanyola_de_Viena" class="mw-redirect" title="Escola Espanyola de Viena">Escola Espanyola de Viena</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Salt_a_cavall" title="Salt a cavall">Salt a cavall</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADnoris" title="Sínoris">Sínoris</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0squet_a_cavall" title="Bàsquet a cavall">Bàsquet a cavall</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pato_(esport)" title="Pato (esport)">Pato</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tir_i_arrossegament" title="Tir i arrossegament">Tir i arrossegament</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Picaria" title="Picaria">Picaria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.5em 1.0em;">Vehicles tirats <br />per cavalls</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Carpentum" title="Carpentum">Carpentum</a></i> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carruca" title="Carruca">Carruca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carro" title="Carro">Carro</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carro_de_guerra" title="Carro de guerra">Carro de guerra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carro_triomfal" title="Carro triomfal">Carro triomfal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carruatge" title="Carruatge">Carruatge</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/wiki/Cisium" title="Cisium">Cisium</a></i> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/wiki/Covinus" title="Covinus">Covinus</a></i> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/wiki/Currus" title="Currus">Currus</a></i> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Esseda" title="Esseda">Esseda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Harmamaxa" title="Harmamaxa">Harmamaxa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <i><a href="/wiki/Pilentum" title="Pilentum">Pilentum</a></i> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quadriga</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Reda_(carruatge)" title="Reda (carruatge)">Reda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.5em 1.0em;">Arts i oficis <br />lligats als cavalls</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em; padding:0.5em 0;;background:transparent; padding:0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rambler" title="Rambler">Rambler</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Catafracta" title="Catafracta">Catafracta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Auriga_(esclau)" title="Auriga (esclau)">Auriga</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Baster" title="Baster">Baster</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Frener" title="Frener">Frener</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Companys_d%27Alexandre_el_Gran" title="Companys d'Alexandre el Gran">Companys d'Alexandre el Gran</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavalleria" title="Cavalleria">Cavalleria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%B3_(militar)" title="Dragó (militar)">dragons</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Picador_de_cavalls" title="Picador de cavalls">Picador de cavalls</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.5em 1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Arreu" title="Arreu">Arreus</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arreu_de_tir" title="Arreu de tir">Arreus de tir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brida" title="Brida">Brida</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cingla" title="Cingla">Cingla</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Collera" title="Collera">Collera</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Esper%C3%B3_(h%C3%ADpica)" title="Esperó (hípica)">Esperó</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Estrep_(h%C3%ADpica)" title="Estrep (hípica)">Estreps</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pitral" title="Pitral">Pitral</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Regna" title="Regna">Regna</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sella_de_muntar" title="Sella de muntar">Sella</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ferradura" title="Ferradura">Ferradura</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.5em 1.0em;">Races de cavalls,<br /> tipus de cavalls<br /> i altres èquids</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavalls</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0;;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_de_cavall" title="Raça de cavall">Raça de cavall</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavall_salvatge" title="Cavall salvatge">Cavall salvatge</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavall_feral" title="Cavall feral">Cavall feral</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavall_vaquer" title="Cavall vaquer">Cavall vaquer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavall_amblador" title="Cavall amblador">Cavall amblador</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavall_de_tir" title="Cavall de tir">Cavall de tir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavall_d%27esport" title="Cavall d'esport">Cavall d'esport</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mustang" title="Mustang">Mustang</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Poni" title="Poni">Poni</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Altres èquids</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0;;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ase" title="Ase">Ase</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hemi%C3%B3" title="Hemió">Hemió</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kiang" title="Kiang">Kiang</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra">Zebra</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Híbrids</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.15em 0;;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mul" title="Mul">Mul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zebroide" title="Zebroide">Zebroide</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em; padding:0.5em 1.0em;">Miscel·lània</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4em; padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tres_Tombs" title="Tres Tombs">Tres Tombs</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Museu_del_Traginer" title="Museu del Traginer">Museu del Traginer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Llista_de_cavalls_famosos" title="Llista de cavalls famosos">Llista de cavalls famosos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cavall_de_guerra" title="Cavall de guerra">Cavall de guerra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Destrer" title="Destrer">Destrer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Palafr%C3%A8" title="Palafrè">Palafrè</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Categoria:%C3%88quids" title="Categoria:Èquids">Categoria:Èquids</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/7608225-8">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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