An Introduction to Health Literacy

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If your organization is providing health information resources or services, please consider joining our Network!</p> <a class="link-primary fs-5" href="/membership" class="">More about Organizational Membership</a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> <div class="row gy-3 gx-3 gx-md-4 gx-lg-4 gx-xl-5 align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="text-white mx-auto border border-success border-5 bg-success rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" style="width:70px;height:70px;" data-bs-theme="dark"><i class="fas fa-university fa-2x"></i></div> </div> <div class="col-9"> <h5 class=""><a href="/membership/join">Become a Member Organization</a></h5> Join our Network today to take advantage of Member services. </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="text-white mx-auto border border-success border-5 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<p class="pt-2 text-dark fs-7">NNLM National Initiatives and Priority areas represent issues, topics and activities that are important to NLM and NIH.</p> <a class="link-primary fs-5" href="/initiatives" class="">Explore All Initiatives</a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> <div class="row gy-3 gx-3 gx-md-4 gx-lg-4 gx-xl-5 align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="mx-auto border border-success border-5 rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" style="background-image:url('https://d2y7ufl8l8ugun.cloudfront.net/cdn/ff/Hf1NZU0Rq-EHMoO6djTcuHmQIxS1TiwEA_dwcbg28Yg/1698671838/public/2022-10/Initiatives-misinformation.webp');background-size: contain;width:70px;height:70px;"></div> </div> <div class="col-9"> <h5 class=""><a href="/initiatives/health-misinformation">Confronting Health Misinformation</a></h5> NNLM's work to raise awareness of trusted health information </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="mx-auto border border-success border-5 rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" style="background-image:url('https://d2y7ufl8l8ugun.cloudfront.net/cdn/ff/FyQOroTZyNcakxsm1HewHxCuZlSz0UVhn8y5theDkMI/1698671838/public/2022-10/Initiatives-divide.webp');background-size: contain;width:70px;height:70px;"></div> </div> <div class="col-9"> <h5 class=""><a href="/initiatives/digital-divide">Bridging the Digital Divide</a></h5> NNLM's goal of promoting technology and digital equity </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="mx-auto border border-success border-5 rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" 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exhibitions. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </li> <li class="nav-item px-lg-2 dropdown position-static"> <a id="nnlm-navigation-menu-nav4" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle text-white">Funding</a>  <div aria-labelledby="nnlm-navigation-menu-nav4" class="dropdown-menu w-100 rounded-top-0 rounded-3 border-2 border-info border-top-0 shadow-lg"> <div class="container-fluid py-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="row g-5"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> <h3 class="text-primary"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right fa-xl text-primary" aria-hidden="true" ></i> Funding</h3> <p class="pt-2 text-dark fs-7">NNLM offers funding for projects that improve access to health information, increase engagement with research and data, expand professional knowledge, and promote awareness and use of NLM resources in local communities.</p> <a class="link-primary fs-5" href="/funding" class="">More about NNLM Funding</a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> <div class="row gy-3 gx-3 gx-md-4 gx-lg-4 gx-xl-5 align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="text-white mx-auto border border-success border-5 bg-success rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" style="width:70px;height:70px;" data-bs-theme="dark"><i class="fas fa-search-dollar fa-2x"></i></div> </div> <div class="col-9"> <h5 class=""><a href="/funding/rfa">Available Now</a></h5> Browse our open funding opportunities. </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="text-white mx-auto border border-success border-5 bg-success rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" style="width:70px;height:70px;" data-bs-theme="dark"><i class="fas fa-suitcase fa-2x"></i></div> </div> <div class="col-9"> <h5 class=""><a 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<h5 class=""><a href="/user">My Projects</a></h5> Track progress on your funded project or submit a report. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </li> <li class="nav-item px-lg-2 dropdown position-static"> <a id="nnlm-navigation-menu-nav5" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle text-white">Training</a>  <div aria-labelledby="nnlm-navigation-menu-nav5" class="dropdown-menu w-100 rounded-top-0 rounded-3 border-2 border-info border-top-0 shadow-lg"> <div class="container-fluid py-3 px-3 px-md-4 px-lg-5"> <div class="row g-5"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-4"> <h3 class="text-primary"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right fa-xl text-primary" aria-hidden="true" ></i> Training</h3> <p class="pt-2 text-dark fs-7">NNLM offers a variety of online, on-demand and in-person training opportunities to support professional development and continuing education for librarians, educators, and health 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of health information, research data, outreach toolkits, training opportunities, and much more.</p> <a class="link-primary fs-5" href="/resources" class="">Browse Our Collections</a> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-8"> <div class="row gy-3 gx-3 gx-md-4 gx-lg-4 gx-xl-5 align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="text-white mx-auto border border-success border-5 bg-success rounded-circle d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center" style="width:70px;height:70px;" data-bs-theme="dark"><i class="fas fa-shopping-cart fa-2x"></i></div> </div> <div class="col-9"> <h5 class=""><a href="/guides/order">Order Free Informational Materials</a></h5> NNLM offers free informational materials for NNLM Members. </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-6"> <div class="row align-items-center gx-1"> <div class="col-3"> <div class="text-white mx-auto border border-success border-5 bg-success rounded-circle d-flex 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typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header>   <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>  <section> <div class="container-fluid bg-light px-0 px-sm-1 px-md-2 px-lg-5"> <div class="bg-white text-dark p-3 nnlm-max-width"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12">  <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12">  <h1 class="display-4 text-primary" style="letter-spacing:-1px;"> An Introduction to Health Literacy </h1> </div> <div class="col-12">  <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol class="breadcrumb fs-7 py-2 ps-3 bg-light bg-gradient bg-opacity-75"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a class="link-info" href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a class="link-info" href="/resources">Resources</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> An Introduction To Health Literacy </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="row">  <div class="col-12 col-lg-9 order-2 order-lg-1"> <div> <div id="block-nnlm2021-content"> <article data-history-node-id="16147" about="/guides/intro-health-literacy" class="node node--type-advanced-guide node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content"> <div class="field field--name-field-components field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="accordion accordion-flush mb-4 paragraph paragraph--type--accordion-container paragraph--view-mode--default" id="accordion-3833"> <div class="accordion-item mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accordian-3833-1" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordian-3833-1"> What Is Health Literacy? </button> </h2> <div id="accordian-3833-1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordion-3833"> <div class="accordion-body"> <div class="row paragraph paragraph--type--content-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <p>According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) <a href="https://health.gov/our-work/healthy-people-2030/about-healthy-people-2030/health-literacy-healthy-people">Healthy People 2030 initiative</a>, health literacy involves the information and services that people need to make well-informed health decisions. There are many aspects of health literacy:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Personal health literacy</strong> is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Examples of personal health literacy include understanding prescription drug instructions, understanding doctor’s directions and consent forms, and the ability to navigate the complex healthcare system.</li> <li><strong>Organizational health literacy</strong> is the degree to which organizations equitably enable individuals to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Examples of organizational health literacy include simplifying the process to schedule appointments, using the Teach-Back method to ensure patient comprehension, and providing communications in the appropriate language, reading level and format.</li> <li><strong>Digital health literacy,</strong> as defined by the <a href="https://www.who.int/global-coordination-mechanism/working-groups/digital_hl.pdf">World Health Organization</a>, is the ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply the knowledge gained to addressing or solving a health problem. Examples of digital health literacy include accessing your electronic health record, communicating electronically with your health care team, ability to discern reliable online health information, and using health and wellness apps.</li> <li><strong>Numeracy</strong>, also known as quantitative literacy, refers to a set of mathematical and advanced problem-solving skills that are necessary to succeed in a society increasingly driven by data, as defined by the <a href="https://www.nassp.org/top-issues-in-education/position-statements/adolescent-numeracy/">National Association of Secondary School Principals</a>. Examples of Numeracy include understanding nutrition information, interpreting blood sugar readings, taking correct dosage of medication (ex. take one capsule twice a day), evaluating treatment benefits and risks, and understanding insurance costs and coverage.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accordian-3833-2" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordian-3833-2"> Who Has Limited Health Literacy Skills? </button> </h2> <div id="accordian-3833-2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordion-3833"> <div class="accordion-body"> <div class="row paragraph paragraph--type--content-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <p>Nearly 9 out of 10 adults struggle with health literacy. Even people with high literacy skills may have low <em>health</em> literacy skills in certain situations. For example, someone who is stressed and sick when they’re accessing health information may have trouble remembering, understanding, and using that information.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accordian-3833-3" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordian-3833-3"> Why Is Health Literacy Important? </button> </h2> <div id="accordian-3833-3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordion-3833"> <div class="accordion-body"> <div class="row paragraph paragraph--type--content-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <p>Health literacy involves more than reading — it also includes specific skills, like calculating the right dose of a medicine, following directions for fasting before a surgery, or checking a nutrition label to make sure an item is safe for someone with a food allergy. People with low health literacy skills may have trouble doing these things.</p> <p>People with low health literacy skills are more likely to:</p> <ul> <li>Have poor health outcomes, including hospital stays and emergency room visits</li> <li>Make medication errors</li> <li>Have trouble managing chronic diseases</li> <li>Skip preventive services, like flu shots</li> </ul> <p>People with higher health literacy skills are more likely to make informed health decisions. That means they’re more likely to be healthy — and even to live longer.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accordian-3833-4" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordian-3833-4"> How Can We Address Health Literacy? </button> </h2> <div id="accordian-3833-4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordion-3833"> <div class="accordion-body"> <div class="row paragraph paragraph--type--content-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <p>Communicating clearly with people helps them find and understand health information. And when people understand health information, they can make well-informed health decisions.</p> <p>We can also consider taking these steps to address health literacy:</p> <ul> <li>Ensure that people in the community can easily access the health information they need</li> <li>Create and provide plain language health materials in different languages</li> <li>Provide trainings to teach health professionals and others who provide health information about health literacy best practices</li> <li>Create clearinghouses of information about health literacy for health professionals</li> <li>Review health materials (like insurance forms and medication instructions) with community members to help make sure they understand the information — and what actions they need to take</li> </ul> <p>You can find more information about <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/healthliteracy.html">Health Literacy in MedlinePlus</a>. To find journal articles about Health Literacy, you can use the <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/queries/health_literacy.html">MEDLINE/PubMed health literacy search</a> to retrieve citations to English language journal literature.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-item mb-2"> <h2 class="accordion-header"> <button class="accordion-button collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#accordian-3833-5" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordian-3833-5"> How does NNLM support Health Literacy? </button> </h2> <div id="accordian-3833-5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordion-3833"> <div class="accordion-body"> <div class="row paragraph paragraph--type--content-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <p><strong>Training.</strong> The Network of the National Library of Medicine offers training for those who provide health information to the public such as our <a href="https://nnlm.gov/training/class/health-literacy-demand">On Demand Health Literacy Class</a>. Many of our trainings support the understanding of health literacy and its effects on health while others help professionals gain needed skills to address health literacy in their communities.</p> <p><strong>Resources.</strong> NNLM creates and promotes resources that can support network members in improving the health literacy of their communities. These resources include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://nnlm.gov/guides/clinical-conversations-training-program">Clinical Conversations</a> is a training program for clinicians about health literacy and related concepts. This program allows clinical trainers or managers to offer brief trainings embedded into existing meetings or trainings as a way to offer continuing education that does not take time out of already busy schedules.</li> <li><a href="https://guides.hshsl.umaryland.edu/c.php?g=76220&p=1538472">Project SHARE</a> is a program developed by the University of Maryland Health Sciences and Human Services Library and funded by the National Library of Medicine. Project SHARE aims to build high school students' skills to reduce health disparities at the personal, family and community level. Module II of the curriculum focuses on health literacy.</li> <li><a href="https://nnlm.gov/all-of-us/resources/digitalhealthliteracy">Digital Health Literacy Tools</a> from NNLM and <a href="https://www.joinallofus.org/">All of Us</a> in partnership with the Public Library Association (PLA) and Wisconsin Health Literacy aim to reach people on the other side of the digital divide. These tools help people gain the digital literacy skills needed to access and evaluate health information online and to participate in the All of Us Research Program (All of Us).</li> <li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/webeval/webeval.html">Evaluating Internet Health Information: A Tutorial</a> from the National Library of Medicine and MedlinePlus teaches people how to evaluate a variety of sources on the internet to determine how to find reliable sources. This also teaches people how to make proactive decisions about their health.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Funding.</strong> NNLM’s Regional Medical Libraries offer grant funding in their respective regions. Funded projects often address health literacy by linking members of the community with quality health information resources and providing training on their use. Other projects address health literacy by offering training to information professionals, healthcare providers or other health professionals about how to support and address health literacy in their communities. Select projects are highlighted in the videos below. More information about funding, including additional previously funded projects is available on NNLM’s <a href="https://nnlm.gov/funding">funding</a> page.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph paragraph--type--content-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="ratio ratio-16x9 mb-5"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fRQAPZqZ1K4" title="Promotores de Salud (Tucson, AZ) / Pacific Southwest Region" allowfullscreen></iframe></div><div class="ratio ratio-16x9 mb-5"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kpM9Tl5ADiE" title="NLM Outreach - Wash and Learn (St Paul, MN) / Greater Midwest Region" allowfullscreen></iframe></div><div class="ratio ratio-16x9"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mq-zPCQR2qY" title="Technology Outreach to Reduce Health Disparities and Stigma" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="text-body-tertiary text-uppercase fs-8 text-end">  last updated: 08/02/24 10:10  </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-lg-3 order-1 order-lg-2"> <div> <div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-secondary-menu" id="block-secondary" class="settings-tray-editable" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondary-menu">Secondary</h2> <div class="card nnlm-menu-secondary"> <div class="card-header"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right"></i> In this section</div> <ul block="block-secondary" class="menu-secondary" data-drupal-selector="menu-main"> <li class="menu-secondary__item"> <a href="/guides/order" class="menu-secondary__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10045">Order Free Informational Materials</a> </li> <li class="menu-secondary__item menu-secondary__item--active-trail"> <a href="/guides/intro-health-literacy" class="menu-secondary__link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16147" aria-current="page">An Introduction to Health Literacy</a> </li> <li 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