CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e0ea2c92fd18',cH: 'rPJyCebeqK47l.0sODdxSvcBfqoOAx39d01cpd.dtOI-1739785883-1.2.1.1-bpKehN0S6AqLTMKJt8z8pWi6JvjTAMjGYOZXnIh.ZxESyowUQm8h.7GiEb16O2Ci',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Salma%20Bakhit&__cf_chl_tk=mbGQTAmGiwAQSedOm5_5HcBvpfhFNS9ORqeK65XXB1o-1739785883-1.0.1.1-DbDAPe6fR3N9krsqwSgsccBAE3jQ2dsNitd6.WVAdIs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785883',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Salma%20Bakhit&__cf_chl_f_tk=mbGQTAmGiwAQSedOm5_5HcBvpfhFNS9ORqeK65XXB1o-1739785883-1.0.1.1-DbDAPe6fR3N9krsqwSgsccBAE3jQ2dsNitd6.WVAdIs",md: "_r8V4YqUKePMKrnMJ0jmEN55G1CAy.wkgpTw_cUYme4-1739785883-1.2.1.1-gqyHnKRUqeMaFWDjaJ2kzRxa.6Jx1K6dQdjVeK03_jb0IRaTgUoz4f65gJIzzVwm_QpYu3zwY6n4zqfnS8340Z7DtaI7HUHW7f6aIg0L4gBZHnBN2jAt5tTxhQOXzA5gxrBHpCYYSQ39aeamVK_K6_CG_7fG3cs3wZrJIACBTIcGsuAl7BGmXD.XInliDlMuQaDBcc.o9PbHdD_6eW7vDQPj706_sPE0jdgZHNXotflj.9Dkp8n2QgoYODJTUgWqV3VfiaHSkUwJ7cmYoxLQubGl7YuVp2DT433qcbw3PrOcXi9Zyg2X3TxAcCgUHSt9nNrKrdhH1GsVvDj5RpsqqLdjO0n5YGOMsmcK9tP3_ieR9mfINCXTAWeGOv61bBdFqpbYmcUkTCtmuB7xWHn_LpjgG2vsnpDWGTdg4ZIU05QA8BBGK9DV7_RTQFTFMT56BleNzDwmBwHJm9VFD_pSNgRS8adzK3xJCtFLRHRc1CdRAF7iPzUahH4VinB._rCUNfkAUtP6g6yxNIU4A0lys5JoeNl1Jkn2E99CdN43ylJM8hXy8BTLX_j98X3z.4HSnsefXRMqYnj4pXLWGtK4Uid8WeRG2LAbq8rmNdKAn0K3wi2SO7CyYA2ovlCgeMNktSmVL9xTAalwB22F_N4Fl5NYY5lx2Z2sbH9EAB9f9lh3UH6H84Yjg.VFmUGuZ3L1O.1T7U_HcmPAVS2DroMW3adWTKizXsbpr6yByY5Ibc7JbnNOSvXIE_ju1ZT5FmShuguUtkRJS1G9IebrOlFe7pPb1fkzSc1N9Eadd_GjEAX4oCA75n2gDjIBxCxumFwUAQlrbPRayuVF1J.HGrB6goQhb5205A40anSjKPnHRB2spABw10mUX_kjJ4ZaiQwxUjFEb.HZnVCjKYqkdyxj6GasuI3CMSBg4Rudz7JSWgDAGztETC5bIZKt9z8_44pcgY6lsdiwR9SVitdeourN7jHE1WbG.w1F1lCZhATuEwL3r_IyvHzPF65VnRlLpIW60xLhFIe2kX2N1aAU4BTMDaVjRo4QK8GcK91w8nYBr04Y12PJuGeo8RB1Sy_dZg2kbqwg.SioNxySe6TAF1FX9nMNtOp_sveCeb428F8VLKpVtg_3RrnKroX7nvmdNvwjPTcLoVmLXBzR5ZqngIzjaeHnqPXrXTUVXUfRNmqeKb2wdTqdfB7YzRImncGsVshwXYo6Mch58Z1EUqoFEDHAUjps1QK9M4IqaL9.KS9Rq.FgyTmAcZtxrtg7kcZ7g2kqIxeoqasnk2RaT7LDQst5rE0PFfB0_uKz1u21jcaEUNM31V7JPhappq2pok_wnikFrH1wZBO.9Zw_lDP7i81pi5qpk8e3CLX0a7lh_9vrc.JmfZnU.mkj98ACWu25x0TTv8nAlhzW_2_AuR0KJ8uzwyuo8j6zyGEK61Mfq.3kgtKplYq_JFFXhGAn3s43_cxkBI2dm.HYBIRIVtt2v.uul5AxabBcFLU2dTg4xv3A5aRhOg0dzgWbTT_XKWNjcMKcTthvVr3weRuHbOmp9gqk.VzrrXr2sq85UGBOJrCjoIJaA_mbZQOJtBJ2Qu_Wv_l.cASAO.aQKIQKEnviJvfLEB9Xn3ErnbFTsWROdi6yBvLOkPdpnivGQuIc3vUvUjMmXP43nw4CxAWmdHH2uvk87mK5V6EI6rlur.h5UXlJTJxkfnZka87sl5TdnEcKdo2mKHow9SYdFDW02O9a18MuLFHstufSU1.r8W8VsYR.YtrLPgkfBJZEctYziZvpcILUegc1G6dL6PZuNKCcaOvVhavlvsLxpAD8L8O.AUM5PHfhRhkyu3tuQQ4PYotOrjabKhriwpgPVGy0POTL0utx2NwbliNTRy5kJJbpckt.VSZgYHLwmxkXxjREA2dAhkBlsVzgobZustuz2DqbObHHX2rIO9P.yUl.EWx6832lL0c",mdrd: "2n9ljqb_pTlxHrsqKxj.pDbLtvXMAOzNmxKc5ZSA8no-1739785883-1.2.1.1-axh7AmdNjl7K.wIQrC7LOjmplJ6Jb5WQKu_WZaT53IZQTqvKoGkqZ1chseeoTvuOSJL8Xu3hR.HPQBTyCtYb1wOInivwozELk_rBhfUeMdumlJuF_oZU03cs2yD3yqXtHNFk7x9lWTw2MFP8bTilev1SC0rhYyuYcDpKIyMPrm_qhx7y0NqYkF4wnmQC.avmHkJ4NpOg2n.Qi7fmUwEWCWy12i7tQUySM.yZy_lc9zEw7AMpYrO35P_UwmEaZTaVRMQNYrrQrE1Cb2QFQLBUhUF.i1iSgAoexAMr4l42TpQuZL87gTxmncd9CKuwcpIE9TLGIC.xWDT8Y0PlyIPGGge7t9OhRxQhBwBaX.5OkC1P4x51eXbiiW9I7tA9HRCZlYGIHzGdc1e7AYOgpYQhks.PwiQxQIndJEke.oPWKCDY35UBRunTCLs6TjcWFpI9ugc6wRnzsYwNKYhX8bBo6RnlGOAHMFLtspRv_BYtzrTYVD29fwu9IWmWgBPPur0kQKvc4cah1rSPKs0sE02UFNEWf1j642.O6n3bSeZXyd8DArDdoN28DGWBa3blhurZgA.3Z5GWPCAmG.objygAXhZmunNvGB9_ZFP1ttDja1WY2q.JcetLbz04KmSHSMxJ.nw3H6PbaqTMpJ.FjspnpXTWh5LbTFdWWsQSxq0YditNisP2kSfL7OHQY1tntNMzlsevz.coOBOPinGAnH5D03BOY55TeAEjk3HSTfn3PToknY_J4TJ4veVOndkj6pfjWBS8Yd7iKuXv5uaulR7B.n7Ln1V1Ddarm3m__N2MY5BNbqj9iGPirBRv0SbUIrGlH8S841JpjzSoTI_iX50GFHGiBG0V3IF7SXVsgredR8UalYIiIYC1sJbs4rO0jkGEoEY2I7Kz3Xaq_LKzolAv6o8PQHRqi9rQTqO6.74dmCGlaLjHDFZtlr6mNRO8TBRWwqp9.p1nq8QjTRMf4dKOQreMU7GHeoWrNEvnys4r6UIbw4t0MpwiLIWTLHAMtMG9HAjjWmsUNFwQqkEQBvycOuFJqQ2rOWKi3F9B.pPnm5102.Q7pNZCi1M31TITQT7NNf0rtQqAFjmva.d4qR9Nn_Deb6B7L8GLQ2ZQ1XDCSQYDG8BBvYg6fiJGmR.Dr9Nfmx4EtkP1kYFD5apXCZan_6NyEvr_PXK3QxssfQ9dgo2iIuDlHupK3uu2jTZRChwqe0dvFb8rtqhNo.03k3x_QL4Dt5U8AgQNz2HNxYYM98sdcXxSBe7E5YTsMPNxcJD7MMwl_tB_wy3AydtJIDnmdJb3YEKjQUF..L.0U9GEAkjZZGcO3kuOV6.UyzCob24J00fxLQh1_Gdm7Sbsb9OahsT7LnQtZUKU5eFXM6qvj25DfaFcvHhDGDPKHkUK__IxYn6FtQbICKbrZAUgdVv1HD9Lb0T3EMl_G3LSVEhSeIhT4sHo9EdCfQTPropZ_Hj_WdaPmFVaiqN8UmWgWFo8X2cr9rolhbH4faRQjOJYh6ZvJq8zBs_Ogoh7sM2V5SJn5b2mlHWY74VGPODbenpMuBgjms_xzIlijqQ7A8OznSsADtCYFe8JxfU_Uh2UWHuB1MjY8aASPQIHt1qfb09hlQedBEBtoUb8jd1ROU_xXHlkjCquHwo3.c3E8cFMdUySUE8KdZ.XRkPBrpmb8Dj1wbnDlsWOawEe0fq8scecoPYHdh4GRnz66m6JfHANYiSA_REpDkH3VlQHFaV6YU5hT0O5LawaFxeersi5bw1Gj3bvd6eQLt9wmiZsOhkFuX7n8M_I_xVtyO6vh7RJCzKFR1OCOTcJj3y8aMr1sDaCEkyqkSh4MpLcCoKPF2qZn_X1XxDCehzp5cS2g3tCXsOc2Sn8YDgiqz3oisOm.3giY1gQyTJ3w7sDunADdNogKpofnVs0U347BQo8IE5o4WUOTufgZ9uSZMg4ExlBRU33_oBejf_4k1j6FdkBgWh7T6VB"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e0ea2c92fd18';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Salma%20Bakhit&__cf_chl_rt_tk=mbGQTAmGiwAQSedOm5_5HcBvpfhFNS9ORqeK65XXB1o-1739785883-1.0.1.1-DbDAPe6fR3N9krsqwSgsccBAE3jQ2dsNitd6.WVAdIs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>