Polis: The City-State of Ancient Greece - World History Encyclopedia

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onclick="pdfButtonClicked();">PDF</span> <script> function printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } function pdfButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ahe_dialogue('/template/files/print-to-pdf-dialogue.php?v='+AHE.lastDeploy,400,null,'PDF') }); } </script> </p> </div> </nav> <div id="tag_definition_wrapper"> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ async_load_js('https://assets.pinterest.com/js/pinit.js') }); </script> <div class="pinterest_button"> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/" data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-id="https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/" data-pin-media="https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/14624.png" data-pin-url="https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/" data-pin-description="A polis (plural: poleis) was the typical structure of a community in the ancient Greek world. A polis consisted of an urban centre, often fortified and with a sacred centre built on a natural acropolis or harbour, which controlled a surrounding territory (chora) of land. The term polis has, therefore..." data-pin-count="beside" > </a> </div> <h2>Definition</h2> <div id="tag_definition_text"> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="ci_info"> <div class="ci_author_image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Mark Cartwright" src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="ci_author trans block"> by <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="User Page: Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a> <br/> published on 06 June 2013 </div> </div> <div class="pre_article_section"> <div class="translations_header"> <div class="translations_title">Available in other languages: <a href="/trans/fr/1-12026/polis/" class="translation_link fr " rel="alternate">French</a>, <a href="/trans/es/1-12026/polis/" class="translation_link es " rel="alternate">Spanish</a></div> </div> <div id="audio-outer-wrapper"> <iframe id="audio-frame-contents" data-src="/audioplayer/en/1-12026/" height="80" width="100%" frameborder="no" scrolling="no"></iframe> </div> <script> pageReady.then(()=>{ jsQueue(()=>{ let litPlayer = $('#audio-frame-contents'); if (litPlayer) { litPlayer.attr('src',litPlayer.attr('data-src')); } }); }); </script> <style> #audio-outer-wrapper { height: 80px; width: 100%; margin: 1em 0em; } #audio-frame-contents { background-image: url("/template/images/loading-audio-3.png"); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-height: 80px; } </style> <div class="pre_article_buttons no_print"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Achaean_League+city+Gela+greece+Greek_Colonization+Polis" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=markzcartwright" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> <span class="outline_button print_button" onclick="printButtonClicked();">Print Article</span> <span class="outline_button pdf_button" onclick="pdfButtonClicked();">PDF</span> <script> function printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } function pdfButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ahe_dialogue('/template/files/print-to-pdf-dialogue.php?v='+AHE.lastDeploy,400,null,'PDF') }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="body"> <article> <figure class="definition_image"> <a href="/image/14624/the-greek-city-states-c-500-bce/" title="The Greek City-states c. 500 BCE"> <picture>  <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/14624.png.webp?v=1746199145 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/14624.png.webp?v=1746199145 600w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/14624.png?v=1746199145 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/14624.png?v=1746199145 600w" type="image/jpeg"> <img src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/14624.png?v=1746199145" width="300" height="169" alt="The Greek City-states c. 500 BCE (by Simeon Netchev, CC BY-NC-ND)" title="The Greek City-states c. 500 BCE (by Simeon Netchev, CC BY-NC-ND)" class="tag_definition_image" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">The Greek City-states c. 500 BCE</div><div class="figauthor">Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14624/the-greek-city-states-c-500-bce/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14624/the-greek-city-states-c-500-bce/","caption":"A map illustrating the city-states of Classical Greece around 500 BCE and depicting the expansion of Hellenic influence along the coasts of the Mediterranean and Black sea and the formation and scope of the Delian League, under Athenian hegemony, against the Persian Empire.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/14624.png","copyrightNotice":"Simeon Netchev - CC BY-NC-ND - This licence only allows others to download this content and share it with others as long as the author is credited, but they can't change the content in any way or use it commercially. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/simeonnetchev/#person","name":"Simeon Netchev","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/simeonnetchev/","sameAs":["https://www.linkedin.com/in/simeon-netchev/"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/500-simeonnetchev.jpg","description":"Simeon is a freelance visual designer and history teacher, passionate about the human stories that shape the past. He believes every image should tell a story and invite interaction, while every map should lead on a journey \u2014 blending imagination with e","jobTitle":"Graphic Designer","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Simeon Netchev / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2025-05-15T18:15:18+0000","datePublished":"2021-09-15T05:51:45+0000","encodingFormat":"image/png","headline":"The Greek City-states c. 500 BCE","height":2791,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14624/the-greek-city-states-c-500-bce/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":true,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14624/the-greek-city-states-c-500-bce/","width":4961} </script> <p>A polis (plural: <em>poleis</em>) was the typical structure of a community in the ancient <a href="/disambiguation/greek/">Greek</a> world. A polis consisted of an urban centre, often fortified and with a sacred centre built on a natural <a href="/Acropolis/">acropolis</a> or harbour, which controlled a surrounding territory (<em>chora</em>) of land. The term polis has, therefore, been translated as '<a href="/city/">city</a>-state' as there was typically only one city and because an individual polis was independent from other poleis in terms of political, judicial, legal, religious and social institutions and practices, each polis was in effect a state. Like a state, each polis was also involved in international affairs, both with other <em>poleis</em> and non-Greek states in the areas of <a href="/disambiguation/trade/">trade</a>, political alliances and wars. Other cultures had a similar social and political structure, notably, the Babylonians, <a href="/Etruscan_Civilization/">Etruscans</a> and <a href="/phoenicia/">Phoenicians</a>, and the latter are believed to be the originators of the polis as a communal unit.</p> <p>The polis emerged from the Dark Ages which followed the fall of the <a href="/Mycenaean_Civilization/">Mycenaean civilization</a> in <a href="/greece/">Greece</a> and by the 8th century BCE a significant process of urbanisation had begun. There were eventually over 1,000 <em>poleis</em> in the Greek World but among the most important were <a href="/Athens/">Athens</a>, <a href="/sparta/">Sparta</a>, <a href="/corinth/">Corinth</a>, <a href="/disambiguation/Thebes/">Thebes</a>, <a href="/syracuse/">Syracuse</a>, <a href="/Aegina/">Aegina</a>, <a href="/Rhodes/">Rhodes</a>, <a href="/argos/">Argos</a>, Eretria, and Elis. The biggest was Sparta, although with some 8,500 km虏 of territory, this was exceptionally large and most <em>poleis</em> were small in size. However, <em>poleis </em>such as Athens, Rhodes and Syracuse possessed significant naval fleets which also allowed them to control wide areas of territory across the <a href="/aegean/">Aegean</a>.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-1"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_1' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile"> </div> </div> <blockquote> <p>It is all hilly and shaded, and has many springs...The city is well provided with public buildings, gymnasia, stoas, temples, theatres, pictures, statues, and an <a href="/agora/">agora</a> which is excellently situated for all trading purposes.<br /> 3rd century BCE description of the polis of Chalcis (Anonymous).</p> </blockquote> <h3>Common Features</h3> <p>Although individual <em>poleis </em>each had their own particular identity and individual institutions and practices differed widely and even evolved over time, there were several features common to the majority. Most of the population of a polis lived in the city rather than being spread across small farm communities in the surrounding territory and the heart of the urban area was usually a sacred space with one or more temples. From the 8th century BCE these were almost always the most impressive buildings in the polis but sometimes they were separate from the urban area proper, perhaps to take advantage of more impressive natural locations or because those locations had a particular religious significance. From the 7th century BCE the city was usually fortified with a city <a href="/wall/">wall</a> (Sparta being a notable exception) and the agora space was created for civic and commercial activity. From the 5th century BCE many <em>poleis</em> displayed evidence of town planning (especially in newly established colonies) with specific areas of the city designated for private, public and religious functions. Many <em>poleis </em>also had a designated space for public assembly, either for political purposes or also for entertainment, for example, a <a href="/disambiguation/theatre/">theatre</a> and a <a href="/Gymnasium/">gymnasium</a>.</p><div id="primis_intext"> <div id="3e3744ed-0893-4ec9-8757-582bfa65ad5c"></div> <div id="6b0cd791-ab2c-4669-b35a-8252ddaa7467"></div> <a href="https://link.worldhistory.org/youtube_intext" target="_blank" class="youtube_notice"> <svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>YouTube</title><path d="M23.498 6.186a3.016 3.016 0 0 0-2.122-2.136C19.505 3.545 12 3.545 12 3.545s-7.505 0-9.377.505A3.017 3.017 0 0 0 .502 6.186C0 8.07 0 12 0 12s0 3.93.502 5.814a3.016 3.016 0 0 0 2.122 2.136c1.871.505 9.376.505 9.376.505s7.505 0 9.377-.505a3.015 3.015 0 0 0 2.122-2.136C24 15.93 24 12 24 12s0-3.93-.502-5.814zM9.545 15.568V8.432L15.818 12l-6.273 3.568z"></path></svg> Follow us on YouTube!</a> </div> <script> </script> <div class="big_quote">In practice, whatever the political system adopted, political power was dominated by a few aristocratic families.</div> <p>A fundamental idea common to most <em>poleis</em> was that all male citizens had (at least theoretically) equal political rights based on ownership of property. In practice, whatever the political system adopted - tyranny, oligarchy or democracy - political power was dominated by a few aristocratic families who held for themselves all the important positions in the polis such as membership of elite councils, magistracies and the higher military ranks. Also, within these citizen bodies there were richer and poorer citizens. Overtime, and especially following the introduction of money, the richer class, whose status had once been based on land ownership, began to accumulate wealth from investments and loans they made, in effect increasing the difference between rich and poor.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-2"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_2' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile"> </div> </div> <h3>A Unique Identity</h3> <p>Apart from male citizens the social groups which made up Greek society also included <a href="/disambiguation/women/">women</a>, children, slaves, freed slaves, labourers and foreigners. These could make up as much as 90% of the total polis population and so had to be included and involved in the polis in one way or another if it was to function as a cohesive community. One way of doing this was to create a social identity which differentiated a polis from all others. This identity was achieved in various ways such as the creation of a communal space where people could mix and socialise (the agora). Another was the practising of polis-specific festivals and celebrations on specific dates in the year, usually of a religious nature, which also reinforced the idea that the polis had a unique (often mythical) founder and patron deity.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="943"> <a href="/image/943/the-parthenon/" title="The Parthenon" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/943.jpg.webp?v=1746402792 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/943.jpg.webp?v=1746402792 1000w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/943.jpg.webp?v=1746402792 750w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/943.jpg.webp?v=1746402792 1500w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/943.jpg?v=1746402792 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/943.jpg?v=1746402792 1000w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/943.jpg?v=1746402792 750w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/943.jpg?v=1746402792 1500w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/943.jpg?v=1746402792" alt="The Parthenon" class="in_text_image" width="750" height="344" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">The Parthenon</div><div class="figauthor">Andrew Griffith (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/943/the-parthenon/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/943/the-parthenon/","caption":"A view from Filoppappos Hill of the Parthenon in Athens (447-432 BCE) built to house the giant statue of the goddess Athena, patron of the city.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/943.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Andrew Griffith - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Andrew Griffith"},"creditText":"Andrew Griffith / Flickr","dateModified":"2025-05-15T18:15:18+0000","datePublished":"2012-10-25T10:01:49+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"The Parthenon","height":"1783","isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"http://www.flickr.com/photos/waldenpond/3153092952/"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/943/the-parthenon/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/943/the-parthenon/","width":"3888"} </script> </p> <p>Other more practical indicators of the polis as a separate unit were boundary markers, written <a href="/disambiguation/law/">law</a>-codes, <a href="/coinage/">coinage</a> using specific imagery related to the polis' history (e.g. the owl on Athenian coins representing <a href="/athena/">Athena</a>, the city's patron), wars - where soldiers fought a common enemy, often to settle disputed territorial claims, and the production of distinctive goods (e.g. Corinthian <a href="/pottery/">pottery</a>). A common community history or 'civic memory' was reinforced and commemorated in public statues of local gods, leaders, benefactors and sporting champions. Finally, the polis founded colonies abroad, especially in <a href="/Magna_Graecia/">Magna Graecia</a> and <a href="/ionia/">Ionia</a> and became a 'mother' city and provided both a symbolic transfer of identity (e.g. a fire from the city hearth) and a practical transfer of people and community skills (e.g. potters and <a href="/disambiguation/metal/">metal</a> workers).</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-3"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_3' class="adcontainer intext innerwrapper mobile desktop"> </div> </div> <h3><a href="/Pan/">Pan</a>-Hellenism</h3> <p>Although <em>poleis </em>were, then, each a unique cultural and political unit, the common features mentioned above and other factors such as language and broader religious beliefs meant that there were some feelings of connection between <em>poleis</em>. Like-minded <em>poleis</em> often made political alliances for mutual protection and examples include the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues. A wider <a href="/greece/">Hellenic</a> attitude between <em>poleis </em>was manifested in two particular instances - wars against non-Greek enemies (e.g. the <a href="/Persian_Wars/">Persian Wars</a> of the 5th century BCE) and pan-Hellenic festivals such as the <a href="/Olympic_Games/">Olympic Games</a> held at <a href="/Olympia/">Olympia</a> every four years. Many <em>poleis</em> participated in these events and sought to advertise their successes in them by erecting commemorative trophies and monuments at sites such as Olympia and <a href="/delphi/">Delphi</a> where all Greeks would see them for centuries after.</p> <p>In the late 4th century BCE <a href="/Alexander_the_Great/">Alexander the Great</a> and his successors spread the idea of the polis throughout the Macedonian <a href="/empire/">empire</a> in Asia, typically with re-settled Greeks acting as the ruling elite and the local population becoming subject farmers. In the <a href="/disambiguation/Roman/">Roman</a> period the polis continued as a functioning unit but was subordinate to a wider imperial apparatus of Roman-defined provinces. <em>Poleis</em>, therefore, became less significant in terms of independent political power but continued to be significant as providers of civic pride based on fine public buildings and the cultivation of the arts and sciences.</p> </article> <div id="ci_rating_wrapper"> <div class="rating_label filter_label">Did you like this definition?</div> <div id="ci_rating_buttons_wrapper"> <div class="rating_button up base" data-rating="1"></div> <div class="rating_button down base" data-rating="-1"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sections_below_links"> <p> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Achaean_League+city+Gela+greece+Greek_Colonization+Polis" class="topic_subscribe outline_button below_article">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="#ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" class="outline_button">Related Content</a> <a href="#books_preview" class="outline_button">Books</a> <a href="#citation_info" class="outline_button">Cite This Work</a> <a href="#ci_author_and_copyright" class="outline_button">License</a> </p> </div> <div class="editorial_review_notice"> <span class="editorial_review_header">Editorial Review</span> This human-authored article has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our <a href="/static/editorial-policy/">editorial policy</a>. </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="ad_Flexi_BottomLeft ahe-ad"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id="div-adcontainer-AHE_Flexi_BottomLeft" class="adcontainer worldhistory_below_content"> </div> </div> <style> .map_container.il { border: none; } .map_container h3 { text-align: center; } </style> <div id="references"> <h2>Bibliography</h2> <ul id="reference_list" class="ref_list bibliography"> <li id="bibID__0b3a8f361cffc4c8650df90e6cc3316c"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0199286140/" rel="sponsored">Boys-Stones et al. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies.</i> Oxford University Press, USA, 2009.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__6725a29dd151f7dc057797c8fd9b771c"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0140137513/" rel="sponsored">Burn A.R. <i>The Penguin History of Greece.</i> Penguin Books, 1966.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__bef051e3d279d6af50783dbf70977ef7"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0199545561/" rel="sponsored">Hornblower S. <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary.</i> Oxford University Press, USA, 2012.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__b0042d77fc1baede738e2408eb90c2d0"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/1444334123/" rel="sponsored">Kinzl K.H. (ed). <i>A Companion to the Classical Greek World.</i> Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.</a></cite> </li> </ul> <div class="book_promo_wrapper"></div> <span class="light affiliate_notice">World History Encyclopedia is an Amazon Associate and earns a commission on qualifying book purchases.</span> <div id="books_rec"> </div> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ $("ul.bibliography").sortList(); }); </script> </div> <div class="user_short_bio_wrapper"> <a href="/interestemails/?author=markzcartwright" class="headline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to this author</a> <h2>About the Author</h2> <div class="user_short_bio"> <div class="left_col"> </div> <div class="right_col"> <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="nofollow" title="Mark Cartwright"><img data-src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG?v=1588174056" width="100" height="100" alt="Mark Cartwright" class="avatar_image" /></a> <div class="user_name"> <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a> </div> <div class="short_bio_text"> Mark is a full-time writer, researcher, historian, and editor. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. </div> <div class="sm_links"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/mark.cartwright.73/" title="Mark Cartwright" class="sm_tiny_sprite facebook no_external"></a> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/cartwright1797/" title="Mark Cartwright" class="sm_tiny_sprite pinterest no_external"></a> <a href="https://champagnecollection.weebly.com/" title=" Champagne Collection" class="sm_tiny_sprite website no_external" rel="ugc"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="translations_notice"> <h2 class="translations">Translations</h2> <a href="/trans/fr/1-12026/polis/" class="translation_link fr outline_button" rel="alternate">French</a> <a href="/trans/es/1-12026/polis/" class="translation_link es outline_button" rel="alternate">Spanish</a> <p>We want people all over the world to learn about history. Help us and <a href="/trans/x/1-12026/edit/" class="translation_add_button" rel="nofollow">translate this definition</a> into another language!</p> </div> <div class="faq"> <h2>Questions & Answers</h2> <dl> <dt><h4>What does "Greek Polis" mean?</h4></dt> <dd>A Greek polis was a city-state. Greece was not a unified country in antiquity but a collection of independent city-states like Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes. Although the culture was the same, each city had its own government and army.</dd> <dt><h4>Did other ancient cultures have a polis system?</h4></dt> <dd>Greece is the most famous culture in antiquity for having poleis or city-states but other cultures operated on this system of independent cities, notably the Babylonians, Etruscans and Phoenicians.</dd> </dl> </div> <style> .faq h4 { font-family: "Libre Baskerville", "Palatino Linotype", "Book Antiqua", Palatino, serif; } .faq { margin-bottom: 40px; } </style> <div id="ci_related_wrapper"> <div class="ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" id="ci_related_content_outer_wrapper"> <h2>Related Content</h2> <div id="ci_related_type_list"> <span class="filter_label">Filters:</span> <div rel="0" class="ci_type_0 ci_rel_type selected">All<span class="ci_rel_type_count"> </span></div> <div rel="1" class="ci_type_1 ci_rel_type ">Definitions<span class="ci_rel_type_count">47</span></div> <div rel="2" class="ci_type_2 ci_rel_type ">Articles<span class="ci_rel_type_count">32</span></div> <div rel="3" class="ci_type_3 ci_rel_type ">Images<span class="ci_rel_type_count">10</span></div> <div rel="6" class="ci_type_6 ci_rel_type ">Videos<span class="ci_rel_type_count">1</span></div> <div rel="9" class="ci_type_9 ci_rel_type ">Collections<span class="ci_rel_type_count">4</span></div> <div rel="10" class="ci_type_10 ci_rel_type ">Teaching Materials<span class="ci_rel_type_count">5</span></div> </div> <div id="ci_related_content"> <div class="ci_related_content_wrapper ci_two_cols three_cols"> <div class="columns"> <a href="/Gela/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-10965" data-score="1793976" data-ci-type-id="1"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4351.jpg.webp?v=1726594744 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/4351.jpg.webp?v=1726594744 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4351.jpg?v=1726594744 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/4351.jpg?v=1726594744 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/4351.jpg?v=1726594744" width="360" height="202" alt="Gela" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Gela</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Gela (Greek: Gh茅la), in southern Sicily, was a Greek colony founded... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/article/955/the-delian-league-part-6-the-decelean-war-and-the/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_2 " id="2-955" data-score="1751050" data-ci-type-id="2"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/1212.png.webp?v=1744098376 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/1212.png.webp?v=1744098376 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/1212.png?v=1744098376 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/1212.png?v=1744098376 720w" type="image/png"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/1212.png?v=1744098376" width="360" height="202" alt="The Delian League, Part 6: The Decelean War and the Fall of Athens (413/2-404/3 BCE)" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__2"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Article </div> <h3>The Delian League, Part 6: The Decelean War and the Fall of Athens (413/2-404/3 BCE)</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> This text is part of an article series on the Delian League. 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(2013, June 06). <a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/" class="no_external">Polis</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/ </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_chicago"> <h4>Chicago Style</h4> <div class="citation_details citation_style"> <p> Cartwright, Mark. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/" class="no_external">Polis</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Last modified June 06, 2013. https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/. </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_mla citation_style"> <h4>MLA Style</h4> <div class="citation_details"> <p> Cartwright, Mark. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/" class="no_external">Polis</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. World History Encyclopedia, 06 Jun 2013, https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/. Web. 15 May 2025. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ci_author_and_copyright" id="ci_author_and_copyright"> <h2>License & Copyright</h2> <p> Submitted by <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="User Page: Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a>, published on 06 June 2013. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en" rel="nofollow">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike</a>. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. 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500 BCE</div> <a href="/Greek_Colonization/">Greek colonization</a> of the <a href="/disambiguation/mediterranean/">Mediterranean</a> and Black Sea. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_2022" title=""> <div class="date">c. 740 BCE</div> Chalcis and Kyme found the colony of Cumae in <a href="/Magna_Graecia/">Magna Graecia</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_2021" title=""> <div class="date">c. 740 BCE - c. 433 BCE</div> <a href="/disambiguation/greek/">Greek</a> <a href="/Polis/">poleis</a> or <a href="/city/">city</a>-states establish colonies in <a href="/Magna_Graecia/">Magna Graecia</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_2096" title=""> <div class="date">c. 733 BCE</div> Traditional date when <a href="/corinth/">Corinth</a> founds a colony on <a href="/corcyra/">Corcyra</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_155" title=""> <div class="date">733 BCE</div> <a href="/corinth/">Corinth</a> founds the colony of <a href="/syracuse/">Syracuse</a> in <a href="/sicily/">Sicily</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_2023" title=""> <div class="date">c. 720 BCE</div> Sybaris in <a href="/Magna_Graecia/">Magna Graecia</a> founded by Archaean settlers. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_2024" title=""> <div class="date">c. 710 BCE</div> Croton in <a href="/Magna_Graecia/">Magna Graecia</a> founded by Archaean settlers. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_2025" title=""> <div class="date">706 BCE</div> <a href="/sparta/">Sparta</a> founds the colony of <a href="/tarentum/">Tarentum</a> in <a href="/Magna_Graecia/">Magna Graecia</a>. </li> <li class="timeline_entry" id="tl_1303" title=""> <div class="date">700 BCE - 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Polis: The City-State of Ancient Greece - World History Encyclopedia