CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: British colonial architecture</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: British colonial architecture"> <meta name="keywords" content="British colonial architecture"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="British colonial architecture" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="British colonial architecture"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2337</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: British colonial architecture</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2337</span> Colonial Racism and the Benin Bronze Artefacts, 1862-1960</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idahosa%20Osagie%20Ojo">Idahosa Osagie Ojo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is on colonial racism and the Benin bronze artefacts between 1862 and 1960. It analyses the British racial sentiments against the Benin people that heralded colonial rule and how they influenced the perceptions of the artworks during the period. The aim is to contribute to the knowledge of colonial rule in Benin by bringing to the fore its impacts on the perception and interpretation of the Benin bronze artefacts during the period. Primary and secondary sources were utilised and the historical method was adopted. The findings reveal that the first British racial propaganda against the Benin people started in 1862 and that it was consciously orchestrated to manoeuvre public opinion for the ill-conceived colonial project. The research also reveals that the Benin people were not alone in this, as other peoples of Africa that were targeted for British colonial domination suffered the same fate. Findings also show that racial propaganda was actually used to rationalised colonial rule in Benin and that it later influenced the interpretations and perception of the Benin bronze artefacts throughout the colonial period and beyond. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bronzes" title=" Bronzes"> Bronzes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial" title=" colonial"> colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racism" title=" racism"> racism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150108/colonial-racism-and-the-benin-bronze-artefacts-1862-1960" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2336</span> Influence of Colonial Architecture on South Indian Vernacular Constructions: A Case of Venkatagiri in Andhra Pradesh, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahnavi%20Priya%20Alluri">Jahnavi Priya Alluri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarang%20Barbarwar"> Sarang Barbarwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With over 6000 years of sustained civilization, India has been home to diverse social customs and various communities. The country’s culture and architecture have been profoundly impacted by the extensive variation in its geography and climatic conditions. In its history, many kingdoms have ruled in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The vernacular constructions of this region have progressed considerably in this period. The paper discusses the impact on vernacular architecture in Venkatagiri, Andhra Pradesh, post the arrival of the British. The town was a small settlement that finds its roots in the Vijaynagara Empire. The study tries to highlight the amalgamation of colonial influences on the local construction techniques and material usage. It discusses the new variation in the style of architecture through the case of Venkatagiri Palace and its precincts. The paper also discusses the traits of distinction in the influence through various social and economic groups of the old city of the same town. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vernacular%20architecture" title="vernacular architecture">vernacular architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20architecture" title=" colonial architecture"> colonial architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkatagiri" title=" Venkatagiri"> Venkatagiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20Indian%20vernacular" title=" south Indian vernacular "> south Indian vernacular </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126299/influence-of-colonial-architecture-on-south-indian-vernacular-constructions-a-case-of-venkatagiri-in-andhra-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2335</span> Continuity of Place-Identity: Identifying Regional Components of Kerala Architecture through 1805-1950</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20K.%20Kumar">Manoj K. Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepthi%20Bathala"> Deepthi Bathala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Man has the need to know and feel as a part of the historical continuum and it is this continuum that reinforces his identity. Architecture and the built environment contribute to this identity as established by the various identity theories exploring the relationship between the two. Architecture which is organic has been successful in maintaining a continuum of identity until the advent of globalization when the world saw a drastic shift to architecture of ‘placelessness’. The answer to the perfect synthesis of ‘universalization’ and ‘regionalism’ is an ongoing quest. However, history has established a smooth transition from vernacular to colonial to modern unlike the architecture of today. The traditional Kerala architecture has evolved from the tropical climate, geography, local needs, materials, skills and foreign influences. It is unique in contrast to the architecture of the neighboring states as a result of the geographical barriers however influenced by the architecture of the Orient due to trade relations. Through 1805 to 1950, the European influence on the architecture of Kerala resulted in the emergence of the colonial style which managed to establish a continuum of the traditional architecture. The paper focuses on the identification of the components of architecture that established the continuity of place-identity in the architecture of Kerala and examines the transition from the traditional Kerala architecture to colonial architecture during the colonial period. Visual surveys based on the principles of urban design, cognitive mapping, typology analysis followed by the strong understanding of the morphological and built environment along with the matrix method are the research tools used. The understanding of these components of continuity can be useful in creating buildings which people can relate to in the present day. South-Asia shares the history of colonialism and the understanding of these components can pave the way for further research on how to establish a regional identity in the era of globalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial" title="colonial">colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place" title=" place"> place</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional" title=" regional"> regional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67228/continuity-of-place-identity-identifying-regional-components-of-kerala-architecture-through-1805-1950" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2334</span> The Investigation on the Role of Colonial Judges in Protecting the Rights of Muslim Women to Dower and Divorce in British India: From the Period between 1800-1939</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Tirkey">Sunil Tirkey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The colonial court records between 1800 to 1939 in India show the existence of excessive dower, which were usually paid at the dissolution of marriage to discourage divorce. Supporting this view of excessive dower as a useful device, Mitra Sharafi (legal historian of modern South Asia) argues that inflated dower and divorce law protected Muslim women against instant divorce, making it too expensive for husbands to use it. Further, according to her, British judges enhanced women’s rights to dower and divorce by pronouncing rulings in favour of a high amount of dower to protect the women against the one-sided authority of men to divorce. Contrary to the view of Sharafi, this paper will argue that inflated dower did not protect the rights of women against instant divorce and undesirable marriage, and British judges did not really work to better the lives of Muslim women. To prove so, we shall firstly argue from the court cases that it was challenging for women to prove divorce on the husbands’ denial of divorce in order to avoid the payment of dower. Secondly, it was almost impossible for women to get rid of their undesirable marriage, as divorce was impartially dependent on their husbands. Thirdly, Muslim women were often deprived of their unpaid prompt dower due to the rigorous application of colonial law of limitation by British judges. Furthermore, the abolition of the office of Muslim legal experts from the colonial courts in 1864 deprived Muslim women not only to avail the interpretation of Islamic law but to benefit from the diversity and flexibility of Islamic law in obtaining their right to dower and divorce. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=courts" title="courts">courts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divorce" title=" divorce"> divorce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflated%20dower" title=" inflated dower"> inflated dower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title=" Islamic law"> Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%E2%80%99s%20rights" title=" women’s rights"> women’s rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134830/the-investigation-on-the-role-of-colonial-judges-in-protecting-the-rights-of-muslim-women-to-dower-and-divorce-in-british-india-from-the-period-between-1800-1939" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2333</span> State of Conservation of the British Colonial Architectural Heritage of Karachi: Case Study of Damage Mapping of Empress Market Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tania%20Ali%20Soomro">Tania Ali Soomro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1839, the British, after the annexation of the port city of Karachi, established a new urban centre consisting of various quarters and introduced new settlements there. These quarters were out of the boundaries of fortified native old area and now contain much of the oldest parts of the city and signify the colonial history of Karachi, in particular the Saddar Bazaar and the neighboring areas of Kharadar and Mithadar. These quarters bestow a mix of functional typology built in a hybrid form of construction - an adaptation of the western architectural attributes to regional requirements and characteristics. This approach is referred to as the Anglo Vernacular, Colonial or the Domestic Gothic architectural form. This research paper investigates the historical and architectural value of one such property: the Empress Market designed by then Municipal Architect, Ar. James Strachan in 1889 as a commemorative monument for the jubilee of Her Majesty the Queen Victoria; Empress of British India, at that time. This paper presents information on the present conservation status of the market building and highlights its role as a catalyst to the community interconnection. This building has survived to present day and functioned well, despite undergoing numerous transformations. A detailed analysis of the bio-degradation (Natural-Chemical dissolution of material) and the bio-deterioration (Manmade-Negative state change of the material) of the building, based on the examination of the prevailing causes of these bio-alterations is carried out, and is presented in form of a damage atlas containing both the categories of bio-alteration/ changes occurred to the building over the time. The research methodology followed in this paper starts with the available archival analysis, physical observation, photographic documentation, the statistics review and the interviews with the direct and indirect stakeholders. The results and findings of this research portray that these bio-alterations and changes are the essential part of the life cycle of Empress Market building which illustrate the historic development of the premise and therefore ought to be given due importance (depending upon their condition) while developing the conservation plan for the building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture" title="British colonial architecture">British colonial architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-alteration" title=" bio-alteration"> bio-alteration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-degradation" title=" bio-degradation"> bio-degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-deterioration" title=" bio-deterioration"> bio-deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20gothic%20architectural%20form" title=" domestic gothic architectural form"> domestic gothic architectural form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84836/state-of-conservation-of-the-british-colonial-architectural-heritage-of-karachi-case-study-of-damage-mapping-of-empress-market-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2332</span> The Jury System in the Courts in Nineteenth Century Assam: Power Negotiations and Politics in an Institutional Rubric of a Colonial Regime</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahnu%20Bharadwaj">Jahnu Bharadwaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the third decade of the 19th century, the political landscape of the Brahmaputra valley changed at many levels. The establishment of East India Company’s authority in ‘Assam’ was complete with the Treaty of Yandaboo. The whole phenomenon of the annexation of Assam into the British Indian Empire led to several administrative reorganizations and reforms under the new regime. British colonial rule was distinguished by new systems and institutions of governance. This paper broadly looks at the historical proceedings of the introduction of the Rule of Law and a new legal structure in the region of ‘Assam’. With numerous archival data, this paper seeks to chiefly examine the trajectory of an important element in the new legal apparatus, i.e. the jury in the British criminal courts introduced in the newly annexed region. Right from the beginning of colonial legal innovations with the establishment of the panchayats and the parallel courts in Assam, the jury became an important element in the structure of the judicial system. In both civil and criminal courts, the jury was to be formed from the learned members of the ‘native’ society. In the working of the criminal court, the jury became significantly powerful and influential. The structure meant that the judge or the British authority eventually had no compulsion to obey the verdict of the jury. However, the structure also provided that the jury had a considerable say in matters of the court proceedings, and their verdict had significant weight. This study seeks to look at certain important criminal cases pertaining to the nineteenth century and the functioning of the jury in those cases. The power play at display between the British officials, judges and the members of the jury would be helpful in highlighting the important deliberations and politics that were in place in the functioning of the British criminal legal apparatus in colonial Assam. The working and the politics of the members of the jury in many cases exerted considerable influence in the court proceedings. The interesting negotiations of the British officials or judges also present us with vital insights. By reflecting on the difficulty that the British officials and judges felt with the considerable space for opinion and difference that was provided to important members of the local society, this paper seeks to locate, with evidence, the racial politics at play within the official formulations of the legal apparatus in the colonial rule in Assam. This study seeks to argue that despite the rhetorical claims of legal equality within the Empire, racial consideration and racial politics was a reality even in the making of the structure itself. This in a way helps to enrich our ideas about the racial elements at work in numerous layers sustaining the colonial regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20courts" title="criminal courts">criminal courts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20regime" title=" colonial regime"> colonial regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jury" title=" jury"> jury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=race" title=" race"> race</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78301/the-jury-system-in-the-courts-in-nineteenth-century-assam-power-negotiations-and-politics-in-an-institutional-rubric-of-a-colonial-regime" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2331</span> Transporting the Setting of the Beloved Musical, Peter Pan, to Colonial India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Roznowski">R. Roznowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is an examination of a recent Michigan State University production of the classic musical, Peter Pan. In this production, approved by the licensor, the action was moved to Colonial India transforming the musical’s message to include themes of cultural identity, racism, classism and ultimately inclusion. Major character changes and casting decisions expanded the scope of the musical while still retaining the original book and score. Major changes included reframing the Darlings as British Colonials stationed in India. The Lost Boy’s as mixed race children of British officials and their Indian nannies, the Pirates were a female 'fishing fleet' a group of women sent from England to keep the British soldiers from mixing with the locals and the Michigan State University Bhangra Dance Team played the Indians in the production. Traditional Indian theatrical techniques were also employed in the storytelling. The presentation will cover the key changes to the musical, the rehearsal process, historical accuracy and audience reaction. A final analysis of cultural appropriation versus historical reframing will be examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directing" title="directing">directing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musical%20theatre" title=" musical theatre"> musical theatre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=producing" title=" producing"> producing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81134/transporting-the-setting-of-the-beloved-musical-peter-pan-to-colonial-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2330</span> Language and Empire: A Post-Colonial Examination of Othering and Identity in Babel: An Arcane History</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Hegazy">Essam Hegazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> English has solidified its role as the global lingua franca, largely due to British colonial expansion. This research investigates the use of English as a tool for Empire-building and the subjugation of colonized peoples and their languages. The objective is to examine how linguistic Anglo-hegemony contributes to the construction of otherness and identity formation, and how these processes are depicted in R.F. Kuang's novel Babel: An Arcane History. Using a post-colonial theoretical framework, this study employs textual analysis to explore the novel's portrayal of characters' conflicting loyalties to their native cultures and the British Empire. Key methods include identifying themes of linguistic dominance, othering, and identity conflict through close reading and annotation. The analysis is contextualized with historical and cultural perspectives to understand the broader implications of these themes. The findings reveal that linguistic hegemony is a central mechanism of colonial power, deeply affecting the characters' sense of identity and belonging. The study uncovers how the imposition of English creates internalized conflicts and reinforces social hierarchies. This research highlights the need to challenge hegemonic structures to preserve authentic identities and promote cultural diversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20hegemony" title="linguistic hegemony">linguistic hegemony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=otherness" title=" otherness"> otherness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20formation" title=" identity formation"> identity formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonialism" title=" colonialism"> colonialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperialism" title=" imperialism"> imperialism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189152/language-and-empire-a-post-colonial-examination-of-othering-and-identity-in-babel-an-arcane-history" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2329</span> Modern Sports and Imperial Solidarity: Sports, Mutiny and British Army in Colonial Malabar (1900-1930) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Ali">Anas Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The British administration at Malabar, the southern coastal commercial outpost in the Indian Subcontinent, faced with a series of perpetual revolts from the Mappila Muslim peasants during the last decades of the 19th and early decades of the 20th century. The control of Malabar region was a concern for the British administrators as the region was a prime centre of spice trade and plantation products. The Madras government set up a special police battalion called the Malabar Special Police in 1884 and summoned different army battalions to Malabar to crush the revolts. The setting up of army camps in the rural Malabar led to the diffusion of modern sports as the army men played different games in the garrisons and with the local people. For the imperial army men deployed in Malabar, sports acted as a viable medium to strengthen solidarity with other European settlers. They actively participated in the ‘Canterbury Week’, an annual sporting event organized by the European planters and organized tournaments among themselves. This paper would argue that, sports enabled the imperial army men, European planters and British administrators to build camaraderie that enabled them to manifest their imperial solidarity during the time of these constant revolts. Based on newspaper reports and colonial memoirs, this paper would look at how modern sports enabled the imperial army men to be ‘good in health’ and create a feeling of ‘being at home’ during this period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperial%20army" title="imperial army">imperial army</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malabar" title=" Malabar"> Malabar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20sports" title=" modern sports"> modern sports</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutiny" title=" mutiny"> mutiny</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139097/modern-sports-and-imperial-solidarity-sports-mutiny-and-british-army-in-colonial-malabar-1900-1930" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2328</span> The Post-Colonial Yoruba Poets as Agents of Political and Economic Emancipation in Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Alonge%20Olusola">Isaac Alonge Olusola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the major peculiarities of man is the ability to communicate and interact with language. The original Yoruba society, before the advent of the Europeans, was purely oral. That is the major means of inter- personal communication was through speaking. The abolition of slave trade by Britain marked the beginning of development of Yoruba alphabet and introduction of writing around 1800. However, most of the writing was Christian religion-focused. Later, the introduction of British colonial rule led to the introduction of writing that dwelt on political and economic emancipation. On October 1, 1960, Nigeria was granted independence by the British colonial masters and self-rule started in Nigeria. Unfortunately, the military and civilian administrations brought about political and economic oppression instead of comfort. The discomfort brought about by Nigerian political and military rulers turned the Yoruba poets to activists, reactionaries and critics. This paper will give a brief preamble on the history of Nigeria and how she got her political independence from the British in 1960. It will thereafter go further to mention some political and economic hardship brought about by Nigerian leaders. Using literary theories called semiotics and structuralism, the reactions and criticisms of some Yoruba poets will be mentioned and analyzed vis-à-vis the counter reactions of the governments in power. Moreover, the paper will bring about a conclusion on how to create a conducive atmosphere for the Yoruba poets to operate in Nigeria. Finally, suggestions will be offered on how the Nigerian government and Yoruba poets can co-exist positively to bring about a better standard of living to Nigerians and also promote good governance <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoruba" title="Yoruba">Yoruba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoruba%20language" title=" Yoruba language"> Yoruba language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoruba%20poets" title=" Yoruba poets"> Yoruba poets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20leaders" title=" political leaders"> political leaders</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117361/the-post-colonial-yoruba-poets-as-agents-of-political-and-economic-emancipation-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2327</span> Portuguese Baila Verses and Anti-Colonial Subaltern Ideology in Ceylon Coast: A Case Study on Hugh Nevil Manuscripts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achinthya%20Bandara">Achinthya Bandara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Portuguese were the first known European Nation to colonize Ceylon during the early 16th century. When the Portuguese set sail in the late 15th century towards the East and West, they first landed in Pondicherry (Pondicherry), an eastern coastal location of early India and established their trade in the Indian Oceanic regions. Sri Lanka (Ceylon until 1972) made its first contact with the Portuguese just a few years after they anchored in India, the Luso-Sri Lankan contact was initiated and became prominent across the time, even during the later colonial rules, i.e., Dutch and British. Such connections created a Luso-Asian hybrid culture in Ceylon that shared both Sri Lankan and European identities. Portuguese Creole communities were prominent among them as an ethnic group with Portuguese descent interwoven with local traditions and customs, yet outcast by the mainstream Portuguese colonials. Hugh Nevil, a British Civil Servant who served Ceylon in the early 1800s, had collected a considerable amount of such Luso-Asian Literature belonging to Sri Lankan Portuguese creole communities, including 180 Portuguese creole verses sung by the creole communities in Eastern Sri Lanka. Though the collection was studied to uncover literature traits, few or no known studies focused on the anti-colonial subaltern discourse appearing in the shades of this work. It is evident that these verses contain local anti-colonial ideologies that create a platform to place them as elements of Luso-Asian subaltern literature. This research explores how the language and content of these verses contradict the mainstream colonial ideologies we intend to position within a regional anti-colonial subaltern context. As this is part of a long-term research project that translates the whole collection into Sinhalese and Tamil, this study will show evidence from early 1800s verses to suggest how Luso-Asian communities create a unique subaltern linguistic and literary discourse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luso%20Asian%20creoles" title="Luso Asian creoles">Luso Asian creoles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luso%20Asian%20subalterns" title=" Luso Asian subalterns"> Luso Asian subalterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-colonial%20ideologies" title=" anti-colonial ideologies"> anti-colonial ideologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Lanka%20Portuguese%20creole" title=" Sri Lanka Portuguese creole"> Sri Lanka Portuguese creole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188212/portuguese-baila-verses-and-anti-colonial-subaltern-ideology-in-ceylon-coast-a-case-study-on-hugh-nevil-manuscripts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2326</span> Colonial Body: Historicizing the Becoming of the Kashmiri Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ain%20ul%20Khair">Ain ul Khair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the author situates the formation of the Kashmiri body as colonized in the postcolonial society, on which India continues to execute and maintain colonial practices adopted and replicated from the Western colonial projects. This paper explores the formation of a Kashmiri body as a site of complete dehumanization, which has deliberately been politicized based on its religion, racialized because of its ethnic distinction, and consequently has been subjected to extreme forms of violence. This paper specifically looks at the creation of the Kashmiri colonized body through India’s colonial practices that are in continuity from the Western imperialist colonial projects through the historicization of the careful manufacturing of the Kashmiri colonial body through the lens of the political, legal, geographical, and demographic landscape of India’s colonial project. The paper looks at the framing of the colonial legal framework that informs the construction of the colonized Kashmiri body, drawing violence and religion at the center of it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historicization" title="historicization">historicization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20body" title=" colonial body"> colonial body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kashmir" title=" kashmir"> kashmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=india" title=" india"> india</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pakistan" title=" pakistan"> pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20asia" title=" south asia"> south asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20identity" title=" political identity"> political identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Mamdani" title=" Mahmood Mamdani"> Mahmood Mamdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ann%20Stoler" title=" Ann Stoler"> Ann Stoler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fanon" title=" Fanon"> Fanon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182610/colonial-body-historicizing-the-becoming-of-the-kashmiri-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2325</span> Colonialism and Modernism in Architecture, the Case of a Blank Page Opportunity in Casablanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nezha%20Alaoui">Nezha Alaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The early 1950s French colonial context in Morocco provided an opportunity for architects to question the modernist established order by building dwellings for the local population. The dwellings were originally designed to encourage Muslims to adopt an urban lifestyle based on local customs. However, the inhabitants transformed their dwelling into a hybrid habitation. This paper aims to prove the relevance of the design process in accordance with the local colonial context by analyzing the dwellers' appropriation process and the modification of their habitat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20heritage" title="colonial heritage">colonial heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appropriation%20process" title=" appropriation process"> appropriation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20spatial%20habit" title=" islamic spatial habit"> islamic spatial habit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20experiment" title=" housing experiment"> housing experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernist%20mass%20housing" title=" modernist mass housing"> modernist mass housing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147618/colonialism-and-modernism-in-architecture-the-case-of-a-blank-page-opportunity-in-casablanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2324</span> Law Verses Tradition: Beliefs in and Practices of Witchcraft in Contemporary Ghana and the Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baba%20Iddrisu%20Musah">Baba Iddrisu Musah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many Ghanaians, including the rich and downtrodden, elite and unlettered, rural and urban dwellers, politicians and civil servants, in one way or the other, believe in and practice witchcraft. The existence of witches’ camp in northern Ghana, the rise of Pentecostal churches, especially in southern Ghana with the penchant to cleanse people of witchcraft, as well as media reports of witchcraft imputations assuming wider dimensions in the country, often classified as a citadel of democracy, good governance and human rights in Africa, buttress the pervasive nature of belief in and the practice of witchcraft in the country. This is in spite of the fact that tremendous efforts, especially by British colonial authorities, were made to regulate witchcraft beliefs and its associated practices. Informed by Western values and philosophy, witchcraft was considered by colonial authorities as illogical and unscientific. This paper, which is largely a review of existing literature, supplemented by archival information from the national archives of Ghana, focuses on the nature of witchcraft regulation in Ghana’s pre-colonial and colonial past, as well as immediately after Ghana obtained her independence in 1957. This article concludes by rhetorically questioning whether or not believing in and the practice of witchcraft in contemporary Ghana in general, and the existence of witches’ camps in the northern region of the country are attributed to the failure of past regulations, as well as the failure of present government policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial" title="colonial">colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natives" title=" natives"> natives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=witchcraft" title=" witchcraft"> witchcraft</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85009/law-verses-tradition-beliefs-in-and-practices-of-witchcraft-in-contemporary-ghana-and-the-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2323</span> From Colonial Outpost to Cultural India: Folk Epics of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Brahma">Jyoti Brahma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Folk epics of India are found in various Indian languages. The study of folk epics and its importance in folkloristic study in India came into prominence only during the nineteenth century. The British administrators and missionaries collected and documented folk epics from various parts of the country. The paper is an attempt to investigate how colonial outpost appears to penetrate the interiors of Indian land and society and triggered off the Indian Renaissance. It takes into account the compositions of the epics of India and the attention it received during the nineteenth century, which in turn gave, rise to the national consciousness shaping the culture of India. Composed as oral traditions these folk epics are now seen as repositories of historical consciousness whereas in earlier times societies without literacy were said to be without history. So, there is an urgent need to re-examine the British impact on Indian literary traditions. The Bhakti poets through their nuanced responses in their efforts to change the behavior of Indian society gives us the perfect example of deferment in the clear cut distinction between the folk and the classical in the context of India. It evades a pure categorization and classification of the classical and constitutes part of the folk traditions of the cultural heritage of India. Therefore, the ethical question of what is ontologically known as ordinary discourse in the case of the “folk” forms metaphors and folk language gains importance once more. The paper also thus seeks simultaneously to outline the significant factors responsible for shaping the destiny of folklore in South India particularly the four political states of the Indian Union: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, what could be termed as South Indian “cultural zones”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial" title="colonial">colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folk" title=" folk"> folk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folklore" title=" folklore"> folklore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tradition" title=" tradition"> tradition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53888/from-colonial-outpost-to-cultural-india-folk-epics-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2322</span> Traveling Abroad and the Construction of British Identity and Culture in Selected Women Writers: Lady Elizabeth Craven's A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople (1789) and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Embassy Letters (1716-1718)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Al-Khalili">Raja Al-Khalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traveling abroad for British citizens in the eighteenth century was usually performed for two reasons. The first major form was for administering the expanding realm of the British Empire and its need for officials in governing the natives and facilitating the work of business companies. The other form of travel was for pleasure and involved a manifestation of wealth. This form of travel was a prelude for the modern industry of tourism and usually involved a tour of Europe and the Mediterranean. In both forms of travel the British encountered a myriad of cultures. Travel had fostered a sense of pride and confirmed an ethnocentric view of British superiority, but it also brought a critical self-examination of belonging to a colonial empire that thrives on the weaknesses of other nations. Women writers in particular have sought in the travels a kind of self-exploration of the nature of social patriarchy in a diversity of cultures. Both Lady Elizabeth Craven in A Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople (1789) and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in Embassy Letters (1716-1718) have observed the culture of the Ottomans and then pursued to reflect on the social role of women in England. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travel%20writing" title="travel writing">travel writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Craven" title=" Elizabeth Craven"> Elizabeth Craven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lady%20Mary%20Wortley" title=" Lady Mary Wortley"> Lady Mary Wortley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patriarchy" title=" patriarchy"> patriarchy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62182/traveling-abroad-and-the-construction-of-british-identity-and-culture-in-selected-women-writers-lady-elizabeth-cravens-a-journey-through-the-crimea-to-constantinople-1789-and-lady-mary-wortley-montagus-embassy-letters-1716-1718" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2321</span> Exploring the Birth of Modern Art in Borneo, Post-War Era 1945 to 1970 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahah%20Hasan">Rahah Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faridah%20Sahari"> Faridah Sahari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the development of modern art in Borneo, particularly in Sarawak, Sabah, and Brunei, after the Second World War until the 1970s. This was the period when the British Colonial government dictated the education system, which consequentially inculcated visual art through art and craft subjects imposed on all vernacular schools in Borneo. British influence within the state governance, social, and education system designed with Western ideology created not only a westernized society and mindset but at the same time generated artistic opportunities for emerging local painters to be involved in the initiation of Modern Art in Borneo. Through the historical method and analysis of primary and secondary data, it was obvious that the existence of colonial government departments and institutions such as museums and teaching colleges, and other social organizations in Borneo at that time contributed significantly to the artistic movement. The similar structure and motivation of development in other areas of Borneo confirmed that artistic affirmation of modern art advanced homogenously. Their understanding of easel painting as well as a unique interpretation of culture once distanced from traditional art, resulting in a new visual image that transcended their ethnicity and identity through new mediums and tools. These meticulous interventions modestly visualized in each painting, as discussed in this paper, hopefully, will give a deeper understanding and appreciation of the history of modern art in Borneo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20history" title="art history">art history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Borneo%20art" title=" Borneo art"> Borneo art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20art" title=" fine art"> fine art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20art" title=" modern art"> modern art</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132039/exploring-the-birth-of-modern-art-in-borneo-post-war-era-1945-to-1970" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2320</span> Arabic Scholar’s Governance Advocacy and Nigeria’s National Security in Nigeria: Perspective of Al-Shaykh Usman Bin Fodio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Jamiu%20Abdullahi">Mohammad Jamiu Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shykh%20Ahmed%20Abdussalam"> Shykh Ahmed Abdussalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The emergence of Arabic on the shore of West Africa heralded the practise of Islam and advocation for a just and egalitarian society. Islam, it was argued, has been perverted and subverted by the Hausa leadership. This necessitated the call for reforming Islam. Al-Shaykh Usman Bin Fodio grabbed the opportunity and fought the perverts to restore the glory of Islam and establish shari'ah way of life. This was the practice, especially in the northern part of Nigeria until the incursion of colonialism. The conquest of the colonial master halted the rule of jihadi leaderships and subjected them to colonialism under which only some aspects of Islamic system considered potentially beneficial to the British interest were retained. The current socio-political and economic crises in Nigeria has necessitated the need to look inwardly to the bulk of works, in Arabic, left behind by the Muslim scholars to help to salvage the country from its present political crisis, economic paralysis and legal decadence. This paper, therefore, examines the relevance of Arabic literary works that housed political/legal theories to salvaging the country from its present political crises, economic paralysis and legal decadence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20Fodio%20Nigeria%20security" title="Arabic Fodio Nigeria security">Arabic Fodio Nigeria security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advocacy%20governance%20scholar%20Usman" title=" advocacy governance scholar Usman"> advocacy governance scholar Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20perspective%20shaykh" title=" British colonial perspective shaykh"> British colonial perspective shaykh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20Islam%20jihad%20politics" title=" leadership Islam jihad politics"> leadership Islam jihad politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71774/arabic-scholars-governance-advocacy-and-nigerias-national-security-in-nigeria-perspective-of-al-shaykh-usman-bin-fodio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2319</span> Land, History and Housing: Colonial Legacies and Land Tenure in Kuala Lumpur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Fareza%20Mustapha">Nur Fareza Mustapha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solutions to policy problems need to be curated to the local context, taking into account the trajectory of the local development path to ensure its efficacy. For Kuala Lumpur, rapid urbanization and migration into the city for the past few decades have increased the demand for housing to accommodate a growing urban population. As a critical factor affecting housing affordability, land supply constraints have been attributed to intensifying market pressures, which grew in tandem with the demands of urban development, along with existing institutional constraints in the governance of land. While demand-side pressures are inevitable given the fixed supply of land, supply-side constraints in regulations distort markets and if addressed inappropriately, may lead to mistargeted policy interventions. Given Malaysia’s historical development, regulatory barriers for land may originate from the British colonial period, when many aspects of the current laws governing tenure were introduced and formalized, and henceforth, became engrained in the system. This research undertakes a postcolonial institutional analysis approach to uncover the causal mechanism driving the evolution of land tenure systems in post-colonial Kuala Lumpur. It seeks to determine the sources of these shifts, focusing on the incentives and bargaining positions of actors during periods of institutional flux/change. It aims to construct a conceptual framework to further this understanding and to elucidate how this historical trajectory affects current access to urban land markets for housing. Archival analysis is used to outline and analyse the evolution of land tenure systems in Kuala Lumpur while stakeholder interviews are used to analyse its impact on the current urban land market, with a particular focus on the provision of and access to affordable housing in the city. Preliminary findings indicate that many aspects of the laws governing tenure that were introduced and formalized during the British colonial period have endured until the present day. Customary rules of tenure were displaced by rules following a European tradition, which found legitimacy through a misguided interpretation of local laws regarding the ownership of land. Colonial notions of race and its binary view of native vs. non-natives have also persisted in the construction and implementation of current legislation regarding land tenure. More concrete findings from this study will generate a more nuanced understanding of the regulatory land supply constraints in Kuala Lumpur, taking into account both the long and short term spatial and temporal processes that affect how these rules are created, implemented and enforced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20discourse" title="colonial discourse">colonial discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20institutionalism" title=" historical institutionalism"> historical institutionalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20policy" title=" land policy"> land policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-colonial%20city" title=" post-colonial city"> post-colonial city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110064/land-history-and-housing-colonial-legacies-and-land-tenure-in-kuala-lumpur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2318</span> Post Mutiny Institutional Buildings of India: A Visual Language of Reconciliation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aruna%20Ramani%20Grover">Aruna Ramani Grover</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 1857 the British army in Bengal rose in mutiny. The outcome of a yearlong stifle was the abolition of the East India Company and establishment of Crown rule in 1958. Despite being a political democracy back home, with the declaration of Queen Victoria as Empress of India, the British established themselves as imperialistic successors to the Mughals in India. With the institution of the Crown role in the sub-continent, there was a serious endeavour for systematic governance. This led to infrastructure development and creation of institutions as well. The outcome was many public buildings like courts, railway- stations and headquarters, senates, post offices, banks, libraries, memorial halls, museums, memorials, theatres, government colleges, residential-schools and clock towers. These were built in the old and emerging urban settlements of the sub-continents. In the realm of architecture, like all political masters of the past, the British architects too encountered the living tradition of the sub-continent. A bewildering plethora of buildings in various climatic zones, using local materials and crafted with tools and techniques of the region by local craftsmen had to be understood and assimilated. The19th century British architects who built in India, designed institutional buildings which were functional and responded to the need of the user. In visual terms however, it was a completely different story. Using the manifest elements of the complex and layered indigenous tradition, they fashioned buildings to create an architecture of reconciliation. Treating the traditional architecture as a pattern book, finished buildings was served up to the local population coloured by their understanding of tradition. This paper will discuss a series of building some of which are the Senate House and Law courts at Madras, the Municipal Building and Gateway of India in Bombay, the Muir college in Allahabad, Mayo college Ajmer, the Mubarak Mahal in Jaipur to demonstrate how a visual language of reconciliation was created. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title="infrastructure">infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20architects" title=" British architects"> British architects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tradition" title=" tradition"> tradition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20book" title=" pattern book"> pattern book</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconciliation" title=" reconciliation"> reconciliation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188213/post-mutiny-institutional-buildings-of-india-a-visual-language-of-reconciliation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2317</span> Ilorin Traditional Architecture as a Good Example of a Green Building Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olutola%20Funmilayo%20Adekeye">Olutola Funmilayo Adekeye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tradition African practice of architecture can be said to be deeply rooted in Green Architecture in concept, design and execution. A study into the ancient building techniques in Ilorin Emirate depicts prominent (eco-centric approach of) Green Architecture principles. In the Pre-colonial era before the introduction of modern architecture and Western building materials, the Nigeria traditional communities built their houses to meet their cultural, religious and social needs using mainly indigenous building materials such as mud (Amo), cowdung (Boto), straws (koriko), palm fronts (Imo-Ope) to mention a few. This research attempts to identify the various techniques of applying the traditional African principles of Green Architecture to Ilorin traditional buildings. It will examine and assess some case studies to understand the extent to which Green architecture principles have been applied to traditional building designs that are still preserved today in Ilorin, Nigeria. Furthermore, this study intends to answer many questions, which can be summarized into two basic questions which are: (1) What aspects of what today are recognized as important green architecture principles have been applied to Ilorin traditional buildings? (2) To what extent have the principles of green architecture applied to Ilorin traditional buildings been ways of demonstrating a cultural attachment to the earth as an expression of the African sense of human being as one with nature? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20architecture" title="green architecture">green architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilorin" title=" Ilorin"> Ilorin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20buildings" title=" traditional buildings"> traditional buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20principles" title=" design principles"> design principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecocentric" title=" ecocentric"> ecocentric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title=" application"> application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6481/ilorin-traditional-architecture-as-a-good-example-of-a-green-building-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2316</span> Assessing the Feasibility of Incorporating Green Infrastructure into Colonial-Era Buildings in the Caribbean</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luz-Marina%20Roberts">Luz-Marina Roberts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ancil%20Kirk"> Ancil Kirk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Donaldson"> Aisha Donaldson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anya%20Seepaul"> Anya Seepaul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jade%20Lakhan"> Jade Lakhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shianna%20Tikasingh"> Shianna Tikasingh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change has produced a crisis that particularly threatens small island states in the Caribbean. Developers and climate enthusiasts alike are now forced to find new and sustainable ways of building. Focus on existing buildings is particularly needed in Trinidad and Tobago, like other islands, especially as these countries are vulnerable to climate threats and geographic locations with close proximity to a hurricane. Additionally, since many colonial-era style buildings still exist, the idea that they are energy inefficient is at the forefront of the work of policy-makers. The question that remains is can these buildings be retrofitted to reflect the modern era while considering climate resilience. This paper aims to investigate the energy efficiency of colonial-era buildings in Port of Spain and whether these buildings in Trinidad and Tobago, if found to be energy inefficient, can be more energy efficient and sustainable. This involves collecting surveys from building management in colonial-era buildings and researching literature on colonial architecture in the Caribbean and modern innovations in green building designs. Additionally, the data and experiences from the Town and Country Planning Division in the Ministry of Planning and Development of Trinidad and Tobago will inform the paper. This research will aid in re-envisioning how green infrastructure can be applied to urban environments with older buildings and help inform planning policy as it relates to sustainability and energy efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20planning" title="spatial planning">spatial planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20resilience" title=" climate resilience"> climate resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168919/assessing-the-feasibility-of-incorporating-green-infrastructure-into-colonial-era-buildings-in-the-caribbean" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2315</span> The Nation in Turmoil: A Post - Colonial Critique of Mqapheli Mngdi's Cartoons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sizwe%20Dlamini">Sizwe Dlamini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There seems to be little that has been done to investigate cartoons from a literary criticism point of view. Cartoons have been given attention mostly in semiotics as compared to other scholarly perspectives. The aim of this article is to attempt to bridge this gap by observing cartoons through the post-colonial approach as a literary theory. Even though the post-colonial approach has been previously adopted to critique the prose genre and other genres in the African indigenous languages of South Africa, there seems to be no study that has used this approach to analyse the cartoon genre. This study is thus believed to be valuable to scientific knowledge in this sense. The study adopts textual analysis as a qualitative research technique since cartoons are the primary sources of data collection. Through the application of the post-colonial theory, the findings of the study demonstrate that there are depicted socio-cultural, socio-economic, and political issues in Mngadi’s editorial cartoons. These include. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=editorial%20cartoons" title="editorial cartoons">editorial cartoons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-colonial%20theory" title=" post-colonial theory"> post-colonial theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20criticism" title=" literary criticism"> literary criticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turmoil" title=" turmoil"> turmoil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189382/the-nation-in-turmoil-a-post-colonial-critique-of-mqapheli-mngdis-cartoons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2314</span> Urban Growth Outside the Walled City of Tripoli, Libya: Two Colonial Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathia%20Elmenghawi">Fathia Elmenghawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transformation of cities under colonial rule has received a great deal of scholarly work. Colonizers interpret their colonies differently and many urban and planning approaches can be traced. This paper focuses on the colonial approaches of urban expansion in the city of Tripoli, Libya during two colonial periods, the late Ottomans and the Italians, from the 1830s to 1940s. Both had perceived their approaches to the city’s expansion as means of practicing dominance over the colonized under the disguise of facilitating the process of modernization of the city. This research uses a historical method that based on archival documents such as maps, photos, and publications to uncover the planning practices followed by the two colonizers. The findings indicate that despite the similar intentions that both colonizers had when they expanded the city, one striking difference was distinguished, which is how the Ottomans and the Italians planned to treat the Walled City as, respectively, either a context for expansion or as merely remains to marginalize. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20urban%20planning" title="colonial urban planning">colonial urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Italian%20colonization" title=" Italian colonization"> Italian colonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ottoman%20provinces" title=" Ottoman provinces"> Ottoman provinces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walled%20city" title=" walled city"> walled city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117640/urban-growth-outside-the-walled-city-of-tripoli-libya-two-colonial-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2313</span> Sounds of Power: An Ethnoorganological Approach to Understanding Colonial Music Culture in the Peruvian Andes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natascha%20Reich">Natascha Reich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In colonial Peru, the Spanish crown relied on religious orders, most notably Dominicans, Franciscans, and Jesuits, for accelerating processes of colonization. The dissemination of Christian art, architecture, and music, and most of all, the agency of indigenous people in their production played a key role in facilitating the acceptance of the new religious and political system. Current research on Peruvian colonial music culture and its role as a vehicle for colonization focus on practices in urban centers. The lack of (written) primary sources seems to turn rural areas into a less attractive research territory for musicologists. This paper advocates for a more inclusive approach. By investigating seventeenth-century pipe organs as material remains of Franciscan missionary music culture, it shows how reactions to colonial forces and Christianization in rural Andean locations could follow tendencies different from those in urban areas. Indigenous musicians in cities tried to 'fit' into the European system in order to be accepted by the ruling Spanish elite. By contrast, the indigenous-built pipe organs in the rural Peruvian Colca-Valley show distinctly native-Andean influences. This paper argues that this syncretism can be interpreted as hybridity in Homi K. Bhabha’s sense, as a means of the colonized to undermine the power of the colonizer and to advance reactionary politics. Not only will it show the necessity of considering rural Peruvian music history in modern scholarship for arriving at a more complete picture of colonial culture, but it will also evidence the advantages of a mixed-methodology approach. Historical organology, combined with concepts from ethnomusicology and post-colonial studies, proves as a useful tool in the absence or scarcity of written primary sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20hybridity" title="cultural hybridity">cultural hybridity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20as%20reactionary%20politics" title=" music as reactionary politics"> music as reactionary politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latin%20American%20pipe%20organs" title=" Latin American pipe organs"> Latin American pipe organs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peruvian%20colonial%20music" title=" Peruvian colonial music"> Peruvian colonial music</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123730/sounds-of-power-an-ethnoorganological-approach-to-understanding-colonial-music-culture-in-the-peruvian-andes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2312</span> The Impacts of Foreign Culture on Yoruba Crime Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alonge%20Isaac%20Olusola">Alonge Isaac Olusola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the evolution and development of Yoruba theatre during the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial years and how Yoruba crime films have been influenced by foreign culture. It emphasizes on the transition of theatre from the ground to the stage and from the stage to the screen with emphasis on the contribution of late Chief Hubert Ogunde who is regarded as the doyen of Yoruba and the entire Nigerian theatre. Using the Theory of Post-colonialism, two modern Yoruba crime films are carefully selected from the numerous available ones to highlight and explain the various aspects of Yoruba films that have been greatly influenced by the foreign cultural practices. The questions to be answered here include 'Which attitudes or cultural practices are widely believed to be that of Yoruba?', 'To what extent are they projected in the selected Yoruba crime films?', 'Which attitudes or cultural practices are widely believed to be foreign among the Yoruba people?', 'To what extent are they projected in the selected Yoruba crime films?'. Although, the British colonial masters granted political independence to Nigeria on October 1, 1960, but a seed of multi-culture and counterculture had been sown into the lives of the Yoruba people. Under the literature review, there is an intensive illumination on some scholars’ ideas and views on what constitutes Yoruba culture, the evolution and development of drama, theatre and films in the Yoruba society and the nature of criminals and criminalities in the Yoruba society and the western world in the pre-colonial and post-colonial times. Furthermore, the processes of interaction between man, his values and his thoughts are also highlighted – a situation that procreates criminal or benevolent acts. Consequently, the paper dwells on how colonialism, despite its so-called merits put the gradual process of urbanization and civilization among the originally rustic, cohesive and moralistic Yoruba society on a supersonic speed that culminated in acquisition of attitudes that are alien to the Yoruba culture. Since a drama is nothing but the theatrical replication of what occurs in the real life, the paper then focuses on the submission that Yoruba crime films have experienced a serious foreign influence in form and content as a result of this encounter. In conclusion, the findings of the impact of foreign cultural practices on Yoruba crime films are highlighted and expatiated with a view to recommending a few steps that could be taken to retain the projection of the original Yoruba cultural practices in Yoruba films, especially the ones that have crime as a theme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=films" title=" films"> films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theatre" title=" theatre"> theatre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoruba" title=" Yoruba"> Yoruba</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34174/the-impacts-of-foreign-culture-on-yoruba-crime-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2311</span> Navigating Politics of Black Marginalization: A Critical Reflection of the Guardian by John Grisham</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayaz%20Ali%20Shah">Fayaz Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleena%20Shehzad"> Aleena Shehzad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The incidents of race or racial discrimination is still a part of the advanced and the so-called twenty-first-century America. It not only affects America's society but also greatly influences the third world countries due to the colonial approach by the British and America. Due to this discrimination, hundreds of Blacks in the US have been disappeared or prisoned for crimes they have not committed. The same sort of inequality can be seen in Pakistan due to the discrimination and prejudice by the Pakistani government and militants. Especially the tribal areas of Pakistan have been facing the worst in such situations. Thousands of people have been disappeared since 9/11 due to the adulterous approach by the government and military. The article is an approach to show the still racist view or Black marginalization, on the paradigm of racism, in the novel 'The Guardian' written by John Grisham. Also, it will enlighten readers about Pakistan's military and government approach towards discrimination, which creates great chaos in the country nowadays. The research will be qualitative and will use Critical Race Theory by Delgado and Steffencic for analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blacks" title="blacks">blacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial" title=" colonial"> colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disappeared" title=" disappeared"> disappeared</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prison" title=" prison"> prison</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133518/navigating-politics-of-black-marginalization-a-critical-reflection-of-the-guardian-by-john-grisham" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2310</span> Plethora of Drivers Transforming Colonial Cities: The Case of Allahabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akanksha%20Gupta">Akanksha Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishal%20Dubey"> Vishal Dubey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the Neoliberal era, there has been a much-talked discourse about urban issues that arise from a narrow approach of the single rationality of market-driven planning in Indian cities. More to this, India's urban planning is already jeopardized by the captious shortage of infrastructure, a cluster of incoherent governing bodies and implementation mechanism, leading cities to lie in the plethora of urban challenges. In this context, Allahabad (now known as Prayagraj) a city in North India is not an exception. Once known as the most planned splendid Colonial city of the British regime in India collapsed phenomenally because of the incompetent approach of planning machinery, straightforward market-driven accession and lack of attention on urban equity and sustainability. Particularly Civil Lines a Colonial neighbourhood, reached to the zenith of the glorified legacy of the Colonial era, transformed into filthy and congested urban form. Contextually this study contemplates and assesses the chronological episodes of major changes in land management reforms and policies under the ad hoc approach of political economy and land use planning which radically degraded the living environment in the present context. This study would empirically showcase the selected sample area detailing some of the major consequences in terms of gradual change in urban morphology, land use, and function. Here the method of study is primarily a qualitative study implying oral history and other historical methods to exhibit the idiom of planning conundrum. This subsequently reflects the repercussions translated into major issues like unclear land titles, encroachment, and unauthorized development and mushrooming of informal and squatter settlements. In nutshell, the study seeks to distinct out the limitations of the land reform and land management policies, which impacted the general degradation to the beautiful setting of Colonial neighbourhood. The Colonial legacy of Civil Lines now exists in the traces of history- memories of people, who once took pride in its serenity have now witnessed the transformation bit by bit till neo-liberal market forces completely swallow it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20lines" title="civil lines">civil lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20reforms" title=" land reforms"> land reforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policies" title=" policies"> policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20challenges" title=" urban challenges"> urban challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110699/plethora-of-drivers-transforming-colonial-cities-the-case-of-allahabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2309</span> Fashion as a Tool of Modernity and Female Empowerment in the Nineteenth-Century Zenana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ira%20Solomatina">Ira Solomatina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper looks at the role of fashion and clothes in the context of the late nineteenth-century Indian zenana. It suggests that fashion and clothes served as tools for self-assertion and empowerment among the zenana women, allowing them to negotiate between tradition and modernity and establish themselves as modern subjects. In pre-Independence India and in upper-class Indians households, zenana was women's part of the house, where women lived separately from men and in seclusion (purdah). To male colonial scholars and officials, zenana remained impenetrable, inviting speculations about the position of the zenana women. In the colonial imagination, the Indian woman was not only the helpless victim, oppressed by the Indian man but also the agent of deviant sexuality. Consequently, in the colonial British scholarship, zenana was portrayed as a space of idleness, perverse sexuality, ignorance, and illness. Contrary to the dominating ideas about zenana, some Western women writers presented more varied accounts of the zenana life, noting on the good education, dignified manners, and sophisticated fashion choices of the women in the zenana. Contemporary research by postcolonial scholars shows that zenana women in purdah travelled, had access to education and political power. The history of India has examples of women rulers in purdah and more than enough instances of zenana women influencing politics and culture. Zenana, in short, was not an ahistorical, dark realm of idleness but the space of culture and a space impacted by modernity. The paper proves that in the context of zenana, clothes, and fashion provided a visual vocabulary for the women to establish themselves as modern subjects and negotiate between modernity and tradition. To do so, it relies on photographs of zenana women and written accounts about and from the nineteenth-century zenana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woman%27s%20fashion" title="woman's fashion">woman's fashion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20India" title=" colonial India"> colonial India</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernity" title=" modernity"> modernity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zenana" title=" zenana"> zenana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145303/fashion-as-a-tool-of-modernity-and-female-empowerment-in-the-nineteenth-century-zenana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2308</span> English as a Foreign Language Students’ Perceptions towards the British Culture: The Case of Batna 2 University, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djelloul%20Nedjai">Djelloul Nedjai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of cultural awareness triggers many controversies, especially in a context where individuals do not share the same cultural backgrounds and characteristics. The Algerian context is no exception. It has been widely documented by the literature that culture remains essential in many domains. In higher education, for instance, culture plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals’ perceptions and attitudes. Henceforth, the current paper attempts to look at the perceptions of the British culture held by students engaged in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at the department of English at Banta 2 University, Algeria. It also inquires into EFL students’ perceptions of British culture. To address the aforementioned research queries, a descriptive study has been carried out wherein a questionnaire of fifteen (15) items has been deployed to collect students’ attitudes and perceptions toward British culture. Results showcase that, indeed, EFL students of the department of English at Banta 2 University hold both positive and negative perceptions towards British culture at different levels. The explanation could relate to the student's lack of acquaintance with and awareness of British culture. Consequently, this paper is an attempt to address the issue of cultural awareness from the perspective of EFL students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20culture" title="British culture">British culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20awareness" title=" cultural awareness"> cultural awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20students%E2%80%99%20perceptions" title=" EFL students’ perceptions"> EFL students’ perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title=" higher education"> higher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154181/english-as-a-foreign-language-students-perceptions-towards-the-british-culture-the-case-of-batna-2-university-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=77">77</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=78">78</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=British%20colonial%20architecture&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>