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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonadea&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpediemonadea">Carpediemonadea</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of protists</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><i>Carpediemonas</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Carpediemonas" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metamonad" title="Metamonad">Metamonada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subphylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trichozoa" title="Trichozoa">Fornicata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superclass: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carpediemonadia</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carpediemonadea</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carpediemonadida</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carpediemonadidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Carpediemonas</i></a><br /><small>Ekebom, Patterson & Vørs, 1996<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i>Carpediemonas membranifera</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(Larsen & Patterson 1990) Ekebom, Patterson & Vørs 1996</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>C. frisia</i></li> <li><i>C. membranifera</i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Carpediemonas</b></i> is genus of <a href="/wiki/Metamonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a>, and belongs to the group <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a>. This organism is a unicellular <a href="/wiki/Flagella" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagella">flagellated</a> eukaryote that was first discovered in substrate samples from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Carpediemonas</i> can be found in anaerobic intertidal sediment, where it feeds on bacteria. A feature of this species is the presence of a feeding groove, a characteristic of the excavates. Like most other metamonads, <i>Carpediemonas</i> does not rely on an aerobic <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion" title="Mitochondrion">mitochondrion</a> to produce energy. Instead, it contains <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenosome" title="Hydrogenosome">hydrogenosomes</a> that are used to produce ATP.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This organism has two flagella:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a posterior one used for feeding on the substrate, and an anterior one that moves in a slower sweeping motion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Carpediemonas</i> is assigned to the fornicates, where similar <i>Carpediemonas</i>-like organisms are used in researching the evolution within excavates.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <i>Carpediemonas</i> is a member of the metamonads, it is unusual in the sense that it is free-living and has three basal bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Carpediemonas</i> originates from three Latin roots, with <i>carpe</i> meaning "seize", <i>die</i> meaning "the day", and the suffix of <i>monas</i>, indicating a unicellular organism. The organism was named after <i><a href="/wiki/Carpe_diem" title="Carpe diem">carpe diem</a></i>, meaning "to seize the day", in honour of the wife of one of the authors, who had recently died.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_study">History of study</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Carpediemonas</i> was first discovered by Larsen and Patterson (1990) who identified it as a previously unidentified <i><a href="/wiki/Percolomonas" title="Percolomonas">Percolomonas</a></i> and provided the name <i>Percolomonas membranifera</i>. Larsen and Patterson treated this organism as a <a href="/wiki/Heterolobosean" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterolobosean">heterolobosean</a>, because it would occasionally have four <a href="/wiki/Flagellum" title="Flagellum">flagella</a> and contain a longitudinal groove. However, they did not have any evidence that the non-dividing organisms had more than two flagella. The species also contained a pouch with threads that may be difficult to discern from flagella. Ekebom et al. (1996) then renamed the organism as <i><a href="/wiki/Carpediemonas_membranifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpediemonas membranifera">Carpediemonas membranifera</a></i> when it was found from substrate samples in the Great Barrier Reef and classified it as a metamonad.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, a metabolic relationship of <i>Carpediemonas</i> with <a href="/wiki/Prokaryote" title="Prokaryote">prokaryotic</a> communities was found in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas_frisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carpediemonas frisia (page does not exist)">Carpediemonas frisia</a></i>. <i>C. frisia</i> was found to release biomolecules that have been predigested. Prokaryotic communities would rely on <i>C. frisia</i> for incompletely digested organic material and the oxidation of various biomolecules. On the other hand, <i>C. frisia</i> relies on the prokaryotic organism, <a href="/wiki/Deltaproteobacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltaproteobacteria">Deltaproteobacteria</a>, for its <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen-oxidizing_bacteria" title="Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria">hydrogen oxidizing</a> activity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_and_ecology">Habitat and ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Habitat and ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Carpediemonas</i> can be found in <a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_organism" title="Anaerobic organism">anaerobic</a> intertidal sediments, where it feeds on bacteria.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be found co-existing with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cafeteria_marsupialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cafeteria marsupialis (page does not exist)">Cafeteria marsupialis</a></i> in these anaerobic environments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekebom et al. (1996) describes <i>Carpediemonas</i> as organisms with a size of approximately 5 μm long (with a range of 4–7.5 μm). <i>Carpediemonas</i> has a longitudinal depression that spans almost the entire ventral side of the cell. It often has two unequal flagella inserting to the anterior side of the ventral groove, but may sometimes have three or four flagella. The acronematic posterior flagellum is used in feeding and to attach to substrate, while the anterior flagellum beats less rapidly and in a slow sweeping motion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further studies by Simpson and Patterson (1999) go into greater detail about the flagella and describe the flagellar apparatus as having a third, barren basal body. Supporting the dorsal side of the cell is a microtubular fan with a microtubular root at the anterior end. On the ventral side, microtubules extending from different flagellar roots support the ventral groove. The anterior flagellum has a "9+2" axoneme. Simpson and Patterson described that in addition to the "9+2" axoneme, the posterior flagellum also has "three radiating lamellae of electron-dense material which form the central components of vanes". The first lamella arises from after the flagellar insertion and is directed ventrally. The second lamella originates opposite from the first lamella. The third lamella supports the third vane, which is located more distally and lies perpendicular to the other two vanes or lamellae. All three lamella have striations when viewed in a longitudinal section and these striations are perpendicular to the "9+2" axoneme. <i>Carpediemonas</i> contains a single ovate nucleus, located anteriorly in the cell. The nucleolus can also be found subcentrally within the nucleus. <i>Carpediemonas</i> also has no mitochondria, which is typical of metamonads. Instead, it has hydrogenosomes, likely derived from anaerobic mitochondria. It also contains a single Golgi dictyosome, located anteriorly, dorsally, and to the left of the flagellar apparatus.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The endoplasmic reticulum in this genus is mainly found near the periphery of the cell. Around the cytoplasm, food vacuoles containing bacterial contents can be found.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, three centrioles are present in <i>Carpediemonas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Carpediemonas</i> is classified as an excavate because it has the characteristic feeding groove of the group. Within the excavates, <i>Carpediemonas</i> is assigned to the fornicates. In the fornicates, <i>Carpediemonas</i>-like organisms (CLOs) have allowed for the better understanding of the evolution of anaerobic excavates by studying their cytoskeletal traits and modified mitochondria. An example of a <i>Carpediemonas</i>-like organism that was used to study the evolutionary history within excavates is <i>Kipferlia bialata</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to recent research <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this organism is able to replicate without some key proteins for replicating DNA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="DNA_replication,_chromosome_segregation,_and_sex"><span id="DNA_replication.2C_chromosome_segregation.2C_and_sex"></span>DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and sex</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and sex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A recent study using <a href="/wiki/Comparative_genomics" title="Comparative genomics">comparative genomics</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has revealed extensive loss of the DNA replication and segregation protein complements within Metamonada and has highlighted that the genomes of <i>C. membranifera</i> and <i>C. frisia</i> are even further reduced. These genomes lack the DNA replication proteins of the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, some components of the GINS complex and some subunits of polymerases delta and epsilon, as well as most structural kinetochore subunits, a microtubule plus-end tracking complex and all subunits of the Ndc80 complex involved in chromosome segregation. ORC and Cdc6 are proteins in charge of replication initiation and licensing in eukaryotes, and their absence appears to indicate the existence of a non-standard and as-yet undescribed mechanism to start replication. The absence of Ndc80 complex proteins also suggest that a non-standard mechanism could be in place for chromosome attachment to microtubules for chromosome segregation. <i>Carpediemonas</i> is the first known eukaryote to possess such drastically altered DNA replication and segregation machineries. Since <i>Carpediemonas</i> reproduces, it is obvious that they do replicate their DNA and researchers have proposed a hypothesis on how replication starts. This hypothesis uses elements of processes observed in other species but takes into account the specific protein complements found in <i>Carpediemonas</i>. In short: replication is proposed to proceed by a Dmc1-dependent homologous recombination mechanism that does not require origins of replication and that is mediated by RNA:DNA hybrids. This hypothesis still needs to be experimentally proven. Sexual or parasexual reproduction have not been directly observed in Metamonada. However, the study confirms the conservation of key meiotic proteins in the group with the bonus finding that <i>Carpediemonas</i> species have homologs from the tmcB family and sperm-specific channel subunits, the latter only reported previously only in Opisthokonta and three other protists. The presence of such proteins means that further investigations are required to understand if sex occurs, and if these proteins actually participate during sex and what their role could be. In short, <i>Carpediemonas</i> are intriguing microbial eukaryotes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carpediemonas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJ._EkebomD._J._PattersonN._Vørs1996" class="citation journal cs1">J. Ekebom; D. J. Patterson; N. Vørs (1996). "Heterotrophic flagellates from coral reef sediments (Great Barrier Reef, Australia)". <i><a href="/wiki/Archiv_f%C3%BCr_Protistenkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Archiv für Protistenkunde">Archiv für Protistenkunde</a></i>. <b>146</b> (3–4): 251–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0003-9365%2896%2980013-3">10.1016/S0003-9365(96)80013-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archiv+f%C3%BCr+Protistenkunde&rft.atitle=Heterotrophic+flagellates+from+coral+reef+sediments+%28Great+Barrier+Reef%2C+Australia%29&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=251-272&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0003-9365%2896%2980013-3&rft.au=J.+Ekebom&rft.au=D.+J.+Patterson&rft.au=N.+V%C3%B8rs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarpediemonas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkebomPattersonVørs1996" class="citation journal cs1">Ekebom, J.; Patterson, D.J.; Vørs, N. 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"Heterotrophic Flagellates from Coral Reef Sediments (Great Barrier Reef, Australia)". <i>Archiv für Protistenkunde</i>. <b>146</b> (3–4): 251–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0003-9365%2896%2980013-3">10.1016/s0003-9365(96)80013-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-9365">0003-9365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archiv+f%C3%BCr+Protistenkunde&rft.atitle=Heterotrophic+Flagellates+from+Coral+Reef+Sediments+%28Great+Barrier+Reef%2C+Australia%29&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=251-272&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0003-9365%2896%2980013-3&rft.issn=0003-9365&rft.aulast=Ekebom&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+D.J.&rft.au=V%C3%B8rs%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarpediemonas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpsonPatterson1999" class="citation journal cs1">Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Patterson, David J. 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"The ultrastructure of Carpediemonas membranifera (Eukaryota) with reference to the "excavate hypothesis"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>European Journal of Protistology</i>. <b>35</b> (4): 353–370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0932-4739%2899%2980044-3">10.1016/s0932-4739(99)80044-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0932-4739">0932-4739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Protistology&rft.atitle=The+ultrastructure+of+Carpediemonas+membranifera+%28Eukaryota%29+with+reference+to+the+%22excavate+hypothesis%22&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=353-370&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0932-4739%2899%2980044-3&rft.issn=0932-4739&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Alastair+G.B.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarpediemonas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYubukiSimpsonLeander2013" class="citation journal cs1">Yubuki, Naoji; Simpson, Alastair G.B.; Leander, Brian S. 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href="/wiki/Template:Cryptista" title="Template:Cryptista">Cryptista</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Rhizaria" title="Template:Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Alveolata" title="Template:Alveolata">Alveolata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Stramenopile" title="Template:Stramenopile">Stramenopiles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Plant_classification" title="Template:Plant classification">Plants</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Amoebozoa" title="Template:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Opisthokont_protists" title="Template:Opisthokont protists">Opisthokonta</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Animalia" title="Template:Animalia">Animals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Fungi_classification" title="Template:Fungi classification">Fungi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mesomycetozoea" title="Template:Mesomycetozoea">Mesomycetozoea</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amorphea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-21px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amoebozoa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discosea" title="Discosea">Discosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubulinea" title="Tubulinea">Tubulinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eumycetozoa" title="Eumycetozoa">Eumycetozoa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variosea" class="mw-redirect" title="Variosea">Variosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archamoebea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archamoebea">Archamoebea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutosea" title="Cutosea">Cutosea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">   <a href="/wiki/Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a>   </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apusomonadidae" title="Apusomonadidae">Apusomonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviatea" title="Breviatea">Breviatea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holomycota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Holomycota" title="Holomycota">Holomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristidiscoidea" title="Cristidiscoidea">Rotosphaerida</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-32px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">   <a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a>   </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tunicaraptor" title="Tunicaraptor">Tunicaraptor</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Bicellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicellum">Bicellum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosporea" title="Ichthyosporea">Ichthyosporea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluriformea" title="Pluriformea">Pluriformea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Filozoa" title="Filozoa">Filozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filasterea" title="Filasterea">Filasterea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa">Choanozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choanoflagellate" title="Choanoflagellate">Choanoflagellata</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="margin:-34px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provora" title="Provora">Provora</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Haptista" title="Haptista">Haptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centroplasthelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Centroplasthelida">Centroplasthelida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptophyte" title="Haptophyte">Haptophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">    <a href="/wiki/TSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="TSAR">TSAR</a>    </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telonemia" title="Telonemia">Telonemia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">     <a href="/wiki/SAR_supergroup" title="SAR supergroup">SAR</a>     </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomyxa" title="Endomyxa">Endomyxa</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">Radiolaria</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Alveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colponemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Colponemida">Colponemida</a>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ciliate" title="Ciliate">Ciliophora</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80); vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Myzozoa" title="Myzozoa">Myzozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrompodellid" title="Chrompodellid">Chrompodellida</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">Dinoflagellata</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkinsozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkinsozoa">Perkinsozoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Stramenopiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Platysulcus" title="Platysulcus">Platysulcus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Bigyra" title="Bigyra">Bigyra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicosoecea" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicosoecea">Bicosoecida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placidozoa" title="Placidozoa">Placidozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagenista" title="Sagenista">Sagenista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Gyrista" title="Gyrista">Gyrista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developea" class="mw-redirect" title="Developea">Developea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirsoniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirsoniales">Pirsoniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphochytriomycetes" title="Hyphochytriomycetes">Hyphochytriomycetes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ochrophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochrophyta">Ochrophyta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oomycetes">Oomycetes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinophryida" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinophryida">Actinophryida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">     <a href="/wiki/CAM_clade" class="mw-redirect" title="CAM clade">CAM</a>     </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Pancryptista" title="Pancryptista">Pancryptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microheliella" title="Microheliella">Microheliella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Cryptista" title="Cryptista">Cryptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Palpitomonas" title="Palpitomonas">Palpitomonas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptophyta">Cryptophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picozoa" title="Picozoa">Picozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodelphidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodelphidia">Rhodelphidia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viridiplantae(Plants_sensu_lato)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Plant#Alternative_concepts" title="Plant">Plants <i>sensu lato</i></a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prasinodermophyta" title="Prasinodermophyta">Prasinodermophyta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Streptophyta" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorokybus" title="Chlorokybus">Chlorokybus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesostigma" title="Mesostigma">Mesostigma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klebsormidiophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Klebsormidiophyceae">Klebsormidiophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charophyceae" title="Charophyceae">Charophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleochaetophyceae" title="Coleochaetophyceae">Coleochaetophyceae</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zygnematophyceae" title="Zygnematophyceae">Zygnematophyceae</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="margin:-23px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavates</a>*</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Discoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Discoba">Discoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakobida" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakobida">Jakobida</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsukubamonas" title="Tsukubamonas">Tsukubamonas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Discicristata" title="Discicristata">Discicristata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heterolobosea" title="Heterolobosea">Heterolobosea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barthelona" title="Barthelona">Barthelona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaeramoebae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaeramoebae (page does not exist)">Anaeramoebae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaeromonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaeromonada">Anaeromonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Fornicata">Fornicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabasalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parabasalia">Parabasalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malawimonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawimonada">Malawimonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malawimonadidae" title="Malawimonadidae">Malawimonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imasidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Imasidae">Imasidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><span style="margin:-31px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Acritarch" title="Acritarch">Acritarchs</a></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Grypania" title="Grypania">Grypania</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Gunflint_chert" title="Gunflint chert">Gunflint microbiota</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Chitinozoan" title="Chitinozoan">Chitinozoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meteora_sporadica" title="Meteora sporadica">Meteora sporadica</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hemimastigophora" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemimastigophora" title="Hemimastigophora">Hemimastigophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spironematellidae" title="Spironematellidae">Spironematellidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramastigidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramastigidae">Paramastigidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancyromonadida" title="Ancyromonadida">Ancyromonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancyromonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancyromonadidae (page does not exist)">Ancyromonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planomonadidae (page does not exist)">Planomonadidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CRuMs" title="CRuMs">CRuMs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collodictyonidae" title="Collodictyonidae">Collodictyonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantamonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantamonadida">Mantamonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigifilida" title="Rigifilida">Rigifilida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>¹traditional <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">kingdoms</a> excluded from <a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">protists</a></li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> groups</li> <li><b>bold</b> denotes groups with over 1,000 species</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Excavata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#F0E68C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Excavata" title="Template:Excavata"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Excavata" title="Template talk:Excavata"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Excavata" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Excavata"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Excavata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Domain_(biology)" title="Domain (biology)">Domain</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Archaea_classification" title="Template:Archaea classification">Archaea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bacteria_classification" title="Template:Bacteria classification">Bacteria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Eukaryota" title="Template:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">(major groups</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Excavata" title="Template:Excavata">Excavata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacrobia" title="Template:Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cryptista" title="Template:Cryptista">Cryptista</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Rhizaria" title="Template:Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Alveolata" title="Template:Alveolata">Alveolata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Stramenopile" title="Template:Stramenopile">Stramenopiles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Plant_classification" title="Template:Plant classification">Plants</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Amoebozoa" title="Template:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Opisthokont_protists" title="Template:Opisthokont protists">Opisthokonta</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Animalia" title="Template:Animalia">Animals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Fungi_classification" title="Template:Fungi classification">Fungi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mesomycetozoea" title="Template:Mesomycetozoea">Mesomycetozoea</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Discoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Discoba">Discoba</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jakobida</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jakobea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jakobea" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakobea">Jakobea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jakobida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jakobida" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakobida">Jakobida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaluciidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaluciidae">Andaluciidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histionidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Histionidae">Histionidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakobidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakobidae">Jakobidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moramonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moramonadidae (page does not exist)">Moramonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophirinidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophirinidae (page does not exist)">Ophirinidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stygiellidae" title="Stygiellidae">Stygiellidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsukubamonada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tsukubea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsukubea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsukubea">Tsukubea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tsukubamonadida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsukubamonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsukubamonadida">Tsukubamonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsukubamonadidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsukubamonadidae">Tsukubamonadidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Discicristata" title="Discicristata">Discicristata</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Percolozoa" title="Percolozoa">Percolozoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pharyngomonada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pharyngomonadidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pharyngomonadidea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharyngomonadida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharyngomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharyngomonadidae (page does not exist)">Pharyngomonadidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tetramitia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lunosea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Selenaionida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selenaionidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selenaionidae (page does not exist)">Selenaionidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neovahlkampfiea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Neovahlkampfiida <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neovahlkampfia" title="Neovahlkampfia">Neovahlkampfiidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eutetramitia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lyromonadea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lyromonadida <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gruberellidae" title="Gruberellidae">Gruberellidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paravahlkampfiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paravahlkampfiidae (page does not exist)">Paravahlkampfiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plaesiobystridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plaesiobystridae (page does not exist)">Plaesiobystridae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psalteriomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psalteriomonadidae (page does not exist)">Psalteriomonadidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heterolobosea" title="Heterolobosea">Heterolobosea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrasida" class="mw-redirect" title="Acrasida">Acrasida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrasidae" title="Acrasidae">Acrasidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizopyrenida" title="Schizopyrenida">Naegleriida</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulamoebidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulamoebidae (page does not exist)">Tulamoebidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naegleriidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naegleriidae (page does not exist)">Naegleriidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tetramitida <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vahlkampfiidae" title="Vahlkampfiidae">Vahlkampfiidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Creneida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creneidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Creneidae (page does not exist)">Creneidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percolatea" title="Percolatea">Percolomonadida</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbeliidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbeliidae (page does not exist)">Barbeliidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lulidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lulidae (page does not exist)">Lulidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percolomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percolomonadidae (page does not exist)">Percolomonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanopogonidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanopogonidae">Stephanopogonidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Postgaardia" title="Postgaardia">Postgaardia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Postgaardea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Postgaardea" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgaardea">Postgaardea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihospitida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bihospitidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bihospitidae (page does not exist)">Bihospitidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgaardida" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgaardida">Postgaardida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calkinsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Calkinsiidae">Calkinsiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgaardidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Postgaardidae">Postgaardidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glycomonada" title="Glycomonada">Glycomonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Diplonemea" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplonemea">Diplonemea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplonemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplonemida">Diplonemida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplonemidae" title="Diplonemidae">Diplonemidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eupelagonemidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eupelagonemidae (page does not exist)">Eupelagonemidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemistasiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemistasiidae (page does not exist)">Hemistasiidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinetoplastea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinetoplastea">Kinetoplastea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bordnamonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bordnamonadidae (page does not exist)">Bordnamonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trypanophididae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trypanophididae (page does not exist)">Trypanophididae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prokinetoplastina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Prokinetoplastida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichthyobodonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichthyobodonidae (page does not exist)">Ichthyobodonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkinselidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkinselidae (page does not exist)">Perkinselidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metakinetoplastina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Neobodonida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobodonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allobodonidae (page does not exist)">Allobodonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neobodonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neobodonidae (page does not exist)">Neobodonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhynchomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhynchomonadidae (page does not exist)">Rhynchomonadidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Parabodonida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parabodonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parabodonidae (page does not exist)">Parabodonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trypanoplasmatidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trypanoplasmatidae (page does not exist)">Trypanoplasmatidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodonida" title="Bodonida">Bodonida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodonidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodonidae">Bodonidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trypanosomatida" title="Trypanosomatida">Trypanosomatida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trypanosomatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypanosomatidae">Trypanosomatidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euglenida" class="mw-redirect" title="Euglenida">Euglenida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Petalomonadea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Petalomonadida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petalomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petalomonadidae (page does not exist)">Petalomonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphenomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphenomonadidae (page does not exist)">Sphenomonadidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alistosa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Decastavida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Decastavidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decastavidae (page does not exist)">Decastavidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keelungiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keelungiidae (page does not exist)">Keelungiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lentomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lentomonadidae (page does not exist)">Lentomonadidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Heterostavida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphenomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphenomonadidae (page does not exist)">Sphenomonadidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ploeotiida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphenomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphenomonadidae (page does not exist)">Sphenomonadidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entosiphonea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Entosiphonida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entosiphonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entosiphonidae (page does not exist)">Entosiphonidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Karavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Euglenida" class="mw-redirect" title="Euglenida">Hemiolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euglenida" class="mw-redirect" title="Euglenida">Liburna</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spirocuta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anisonemea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisonemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisonemida">Anisonemida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisonemidae" title="Anisonemidae">Anisonemidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Heteronematales <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heteronemataceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heteronemataceae (page does not exist)">Heteronemataceae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Natomonadida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astasiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astasiidae (page does not exist)">Astasiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distigmidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distigmidae (page does not exist)">Distigmidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neometanemidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Neometanemidae">Neometanemidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peranemea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acroglissida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teloproctidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teloproctidae (page does not exist)">Teloproctidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peranematida <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peranemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranemataceae">Peranemataceae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euglenophyceae" title="Euglenophyceae">Euglenophyceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Rapazida <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapazidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapazidae">Rapazidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Euglenomonadales <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euglenomonadaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euglenomonadaceae (page does not exist)">Euglenomonadaceae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Eutreptiales <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eutreptiaceae" title="Eutreptiaceae">Eutreptiaceae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euglenales" title="Euglenales">Euglenales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euglenaceae" title="Euglenaceae">Euglenaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euglenamorphaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euglenamorphaceae (page does not exist)">Euglenamorphaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euglenocapsaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euglenocapsaceae (page does not exist)">Euglenocapsaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phacaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phacaceae (page does not exist)">Phacaceae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Loukozoa" title="Loukozoa">Loukozoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malawimonad" title="Malawimonad">Neolouka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malawimonadea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malawimonadea" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawimonadea">Malawimonadea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malawimonadida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malawimonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawimonadida">Malawimonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imasidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Imasidae">Imasidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawimonadidae" title="Malawimonadidae">Malawimonadidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planomonada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Planomonadea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planomonadea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ancyromonadida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancyromonadida" title="Ancyromonadida">Ancyromonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancyromonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancyromonadidae (page does not exist)">Ancyromonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planomonadidae (page does not exist)">Planomonadidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Metamonad" title="Metamonad">Metamonada</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Anaeromonada" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anaeromonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaeromonada">Anaeromonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Anaeromonadea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anaeromonadea" title="Anaeromonadea">Anaeromonadea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Paratrimastigida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paratrimastigidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paratrimastigidae (page does not exist)">Paratrimastigidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Trimastigida <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimastix" title="Trimastix">Trimastigidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxymonad" title="Oxymonad">Oxymonadida</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxymonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxymonadidae (page does not exist)">Oxymonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polymastigidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polymastigidae (page does not exist)">Polymastigidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyrsonymphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyrsonymphidae (page does not exist)">Pyrsonymphidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saccinobaculidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saccinobaculidae (page does not exist)">Saccinobaculidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streblomastigidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streblomastigidae (page does not exist)">Streblomastigidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trichozoa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;-webkit-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);-o-transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);transform:translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Trichozoa" title="Trichozoa">Trichozoa</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaeramoeba" title="Anaeramoeba">Anaeramoebidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fornicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Fornicata">Fornicata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kipferliidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kipferliidae (page does not exist)">Kipferliidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpediemonadea" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpediemonadea">Carpediemonadea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpediemonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpediemonadida">Carpediemonadida</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carpediemonadidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eopharyngia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomonad" title="Diplomonad">Diplomonadida</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giardiidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giardiidae (page does not exist)">Giardiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octomitidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octomitidae (page does not exist)">Octomitidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spironucleidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spironucleidae (page does not exist)">Spironucleidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexamitidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexamitidae (page does not exist)">Hexamitidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysnectida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysnectida (page does not exist)">Dysnectida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnectes_brevis" title="Dysnectes brevis">Dysnectidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retortamonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Retortamonadida">Retortamonadida</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caviomonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caviomonas (page does not exist)">Caviomonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilomastix_mesnili" title="Chilomastix mesnili">Chilomastigidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retortamonas" title="Retortamonas">Retortamonadidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parabasalid" title="Parabasalid">Parabasalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trichonymphea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trichonymphida" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichonymphida">Trichonymphida</a> <ul><li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Burmanymphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burmanymphidae (page does not exist)">Burmanymphidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoplonymphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoplonymphidae (page does not exist)">Hoplonymphidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirotrichosomidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirotrichosomidae (page does not exist)">Spirotrichosomidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staurojoeninidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staurojoeninidae (page does not exist)">Staurojoeninidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teratonymphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teratonymphidae (page does not exist)">Teratonymphidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichonymphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichonymphidae (page does not exist)">Trichonymphidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trichomonadea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexamastigidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexamastigidae (page does not exist)">Hexamastigidae</a></li> <li>Cristamonadida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calonymphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calonymphidae (page does not exist)">Calonymphidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devescovinidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devescovinidae (page does not exist)">Devescovinidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hypotrichomonadida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypotrichomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypotrichomonadidae (page does not exist)">Hypotrichomonadidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spirotrichonymphida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirotrichonymphidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirotrichonymphidae (page does not exist)">Spirotrichonymphidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichomonadida" title="Trichomonadida">Trichomonadida</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honigbergiellidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honigbergiellidae (page does not exist)">Honigbergiellidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricercomitidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricercomitidae (page does not exist)">Tricercomitidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichomonadidae" title="Trichomonadidae">Trichomonadidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tritrichomonadida <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dientamoebidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dientamoebidae (page does not exist)">Dientamoebidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monocercomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monocercomonadidae (page does not exist)">Monocercomonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simplicimonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simplicimonadidae (page does not exist)">Simplicimonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tritrichomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tritrichomonadidae (page does not exist)">Tritrichomonadidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Carpediemonas</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18643354" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q18643354">Q18643354</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carpediemonas" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Carpediemonas">Carpediemonas</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4885101">4885101</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1001249">1001249</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Carpediemonadidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21229683" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21229683">Q21229683</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carpediemonadidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Carpediemonadidae">Carpediemonadidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7RG">7RG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4907388">4907388</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=114192">114192</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Carpediemonadida</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21229678" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21229678">Q21229678</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carpediemonadida" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Carpediemonadida">Carpediemonadida</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/VT">VT</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/8397173">8397173</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11210">11210</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=5585649">5585649</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=582223">582223</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Carpediemonadea</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21229664" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21229664">Q21229664</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carpediemonadea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Carpediemonadea">Carpediemonadea</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7563721">7563721</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1475">1475</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=582182">582182</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Carpediemonadia</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21229672" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21229672">Q21229672</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Carpediemonadia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Carpediemonadia">Carpediemonadia</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=5574912">5574912</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=582173">582173</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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