CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island, Antarctica - ESS Open Archive </title> <meta name="description" content="Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical technique that is often used to characterize and monitor permafrost. Automated ERT (A-ERT) systems enable the collection of temporally dense datasets without the need for repeated site visits. S">  <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzZdRbSORDOOzF9W/834aded8-af76-45a5-b64d-c79bebafd5fd/osano.js"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.authorea.com/users/853541/articles/1239046-continuous-monitoring-of-permafrost-and-active-layer-dynamics-with-automated-electrical-resistivity-tomography-on-king-george-island-antarctica" />  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/bootstrap.2.3.2.no-print-1814f3c3650062851579a65ade26e8a5632ef954534f7d6b5c753d7b59ceeffc.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/3.2.1/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <meta id='fontawesomemin' class='icon-'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#fontawesomemin') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('font-family') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "font-awesome.min.3.2.1.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/font-awesome.min.3.2.1.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/all.css"/> <meta id='all' class='icon-'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#all') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('font-family') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "all.5.7.2.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/all.5.7.2.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/application-f72928dfd0277767fddac61c84536304fd5b8b1a9a4ffc80b0e7454c6cc3532a.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/print-48f6b2a80288d92ba59c4fe33082a8b1d6f2e4269b1b3326557f444416db4343.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:200,300,400,400i,500,600,700" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Serif+Pro:200,400,600" />  <link id="theme" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.1/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css"/> <meta id='jqueryui' class='ui-state-error'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#jqueryui') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('background-color') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "jquery-ui.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.id = "theme"; localLink.media = "screen"; localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/jquery-ui.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!(jQuery)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'jquery.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/jquery.min.1.11.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!($.ui)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'jquery-ui.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/jquery-ui.min.1.11.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.devbridge-autocomplete/1.4.1/jquery.autocomplete.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!($('*').devbridgeAutocomplete)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'jquery.autocomplete.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/jquery.autocomplete.min.1.4.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script>       <script type="text/javascript" src="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!(typeof($.fn.modal) !== 'undefined')){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'bootstrap.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/bootstrap.min.2.3.2.js\"><\/script>"); } </script>  <script src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/application-1f5b16cd6e0807b95ad6c981215ade8d0c6c94aa28ff4fd95f29f180d198aeb8.js"></script>  <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="I71VZfFOOTS_jEAKubAhYOqNd2llzyT1kKA-SZuYUp2GK9RT5qPHpC1aDLJTYn7dglAOXeCRHI7uaKM83Zm_sA" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/beerdz3a8j6b9ac/essfavicon.ico?dl=1" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-W1GVDSYB94"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-W1GVDSYB94'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript">window.$crisp=[];window.CRISP_WEBSITE_ID="d38f777e-0276-4c52-8a15-b5855ac4903c";(function(){d=document;s=d.createElement("script");s.src="https://client.crisp.chat/l.js";s.async=1;d.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(s);})(); </script>  <script> window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; var host = window.location.host; var domain = 'auto'; switch(host) { case "www.authorea.com" : case "authorea.com": ga('create', 'UA-37313163-2', domain); break; case "prereview.org": ga('create', 'UA-107005711-1', domain); break; default: // unknown domain, assume it's the main one as a fallback ga('create', 'UA-37313163-2', domain); } ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/google_analytics_events-1a24a491691431cf90985587f97249fda8f1dba81bb8732ff3733d9378482e71.js" async="async"></script> <script async src='//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js'></script>  <script src="//assets.adobedtm.com/59640f9fa510/415b62dc7a85/launch-3f676abb764b.min.js" async="async"></script><script>window.addEventListener('load', function () { const title = document.title || '' window.digital_dataLayer = { Pageload: { country: '', hierarchy1: '', hierarchy2: '', hierarchy3: '', hierarchy4: '', loginStatus: "not loggedin", pageError: '', pageName: `authorea:${title}`, pageTitle: title, pageURL: window.location.href || '', searchResults: '', searchTerm: '', siteLanguage: "en", siteName: 'authorea', siteSection: '' } } if (window._satellite) { window._satellite.track('pageLoad') window._satellite.pageBottom() } })</script>  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', "1067575940294079"); fbq('track', "PageView");</script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1067575940294079&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript>   <script type='text/javascript'> (function(){var g=function(e,h,f,g){ this.get=function(a){for(var a=a+"=",c=document.cookie.split(";"),b=0,e=c.length;b<e;b++){for(var d=c[b];" "==d.charAt(0);)d=d.substring(1,d.length);if(0==d.indexOf(a))return d.substring(a.length,d.length)}return null}; this.set=function(a,c){var b="",b=new Date;b.setTime(b.getTime()+6048E5);b="; expires="+b.toGMTString();document.cookie=a+"="+c+b+"; path=/; "}; this.check=function(){var a=this.get(f);if(a)a=a.split(":");else if(100!=e)"v"==h&&(e=Math.random()>=e/100?0:100),a=[h,e,0],this.set(f,a.join(":"));else return!0;var c=a[1];if(100==c)return!0;switch(a[0]){case "v":return!1;case "r":return c=a[2]%Math.floor(100/c),a[2]++,this.set(f,a.join(":")),!c}return!0}; this.go=function(){if(this.check()){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.src=g;document.body&&document.body.appendChild(a)}}; this.start=function(){var a=this;window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",function(){a.go()},!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",function(){a.go()})}}; try{(new g(100,"r","QSI_S_ZN_1YW7OaSUiXq6RH7","https://zn1yw7oasuixq6rh7-wiley.siteintercept.qualtrics.com/WRSiteInterceptEngine/?Q_ZID=ZN_1YW7OaSUiXq6RH7")).start()}catch(i){}})(); </script><div id='ZN_1YW7OaSUiXq6RH7'></div>  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/react_article-cfd760d4b8edefc6b84a5c911b7b71aea72c690414f847db0e9d738e3404449a.css" /> <style> </style>  <meta itemprop="name" content="Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island, Antarctica"> <meta itemprop="description" content="Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical technique that is often used to characterize and monitor permafrost. Automated ERT (A-ERT) systems enable the collection of temporally dense datasets without the need for repeated site visits. S"> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://authorea.com//d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/blog/default_image-be9182bca7b6523bb6c72e32e5c12398f36b92d81f6ee7882327b6145744bf1f.jpg"> <script> window.iframelyKey = '2e4f7b1eda34892de7870e1d00e11857' </script>  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@authorea"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island, Antarctica"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical technique that is often used to characterize and monitor permafrost. Automated ERT (A-ERT) systems enable the collection of temporally dense datasets without the need for repeated site visits. S"> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://authorea.com//d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/blog/default_image-be9182bca7b6523bb6c72e32e5c12398f36b92d81f6ee7882327b6145744bf1f.jpg">  <meta property="og:title" content="Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island, Antarctica" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1?commit=8e82bc065aba8fc06859291f212717bbc9058cb7" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://authorea.com//d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/blog/default_image-be9182bca7b6523bb6c72e32e5c12398f36b92d81f6ee7882327b6145744bf1f.jpg" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical technique that is often used to characterize and monitor permafrost. Automated ERT (A-ERT) systems enable the collection of temporally dense datasets without the need for repeated site visits. S" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Authorea" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-30 20:05:24 UTC" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathquill/0.10.1/mathquill.min.css"/> <meta id='mathquillmin' class='mq-editable-field'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#mathquillmin') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('display') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "mathquill.min.0.10.1.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/mathquill.min.0.10.1.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.authorea.com" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.18.1/styles/default.min.css"/> <meta id='defaultmin' class='hljs-strong'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#defaultmin') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('font-weight') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "default.min.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/default.min.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script>  <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Authorea"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island, Antarctica"/> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical technique that is often used to characterize and monitor permafrost. Automated ERT (A-ERT) systems enable the collection of temporally dense datasets without the need for repeated site visits. So far, only a few A-ERT systems have been deployed in permafrost environments. We present the results of an A-ERT system installed on King George Island, Antarctica. The system withstood the harsh Antarctic environment and collected resistivity data four times a day for a full year in 2022-2023. Resistivity data captured seasonal freezing and thawing, as well as short-term meteorological events. Resistivity was used to estimate changes in unfrozen water content, and co-located temperature and soil moisture data were used to assess relationships between resistivity, soil moisture, and temperature. This work showcases the ability of A-ERT systems to monitor permafrost and soil moisture dynamics and contributes a unique dataset to global permafrost monitoring efforts."/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Teddi Herring"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mohammad Farzamian"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Gon莽alo Vieira"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Joana Baptista"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Filip Hrbacek"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Henrique Zilhao"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hyoungseok Lee"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Christian Hauck"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/11/09"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Authorea Preprints"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathquill/0.10.1/mathquill.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!(MathQuill)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'mathquill.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/mathquill.min.0.10.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/xlsx/0.10.8/xlsx.full.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!(XLSX)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'xlsx.full.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/xlsx.full.min.0.10.8.js\"><\/script>"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.18.1/highlight.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!(hljs)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'highlight.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/highlight.min.9.18.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script> </head> <body> <div id="navbar" class="navbar__white"> <div class="navbar__left-side" > <a href="/" class="navbar__logo_anchor"> <img class="navbar__logo_secondary" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/institution/20904/whitelabel_logo_image/c7cb3398baf9966b5dd1934d992c30f2.png" /> </a> </div> <div class="navbar__article-links"> <div class="comments-button"></div> </div> <div class="navbar__right-side-content--collapse"> <a href="#" class="navbar__collapse-toggle"> <img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/hamburger-ea91f5c35622f90ca466db90b6b2cbc676402c3cce254852350b610ad80aac76.svg" /> </a> <div class="navbar-collapse__dropdown hide"> <div class="navbar-collapse__title">AUTHOREA</div> <a class="navbar-collapse__link" href="/signin">Log in</a> <a class="navbar-collapse__link" href="/signup">Sign Up</a> <a class="navbar-collapse__link" href="/preprints">Browse Preprints</a> </div> </div> <div class="navbar__right-side-content">  <a class="navbar__dropdown-toggle signin-link" href="/signin">LOG IN</a> <a class="navbar__dropdown-toggle signup-link" href="/signup">SIGN UP</a>  </div> </div> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { $('#help-button').click( function(e){ $.get('/help-modal-content', function(data) { $('#help-modal-content').html(data); }); }); }); </script> <div class='article-react-body'> <div class='article-react-content'> <div style="height: 60px"></div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span12 centered-article-container">  <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="L59dnm9wolXmBHmL-dUfqcTmG7CAGDzqxP7eUi_5A7KKCdyoeJ1cxXTSNTMTB0AUrDtihAVGBJG6NkMnafjunw" /> <div class="article-unit span11 article-padded-container"> <div class="loading-icon-container"> <div class="au-loading-icon"> <svg class="au-loading-icon__svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="80px" height="60px" viewBox="5 0 80 60"> <path class="wave" fill="none" stroke="#30a970" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"> </path> </svg> <p id='au-loading-message'>loading page</p> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> const path = document.querySelector('.wave'); const m = 0.512286623256592433; function buildWave(w, h) { const a = h / 4; const y = h / 2; const pathData = [ 'M', w * 0, y + a / 2, 'c', a * m, 0, -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, a, a, a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, a, a, a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, a, a, a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, a, a, a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, a, a, a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, a, a, a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, a, a, a, 's', -(1 - a) * m, -a, a, -a ].join(' '); path.setAttribute('d', pathData); } buildWave(90, 60); window.setTimeout(function (){ if(!window._store){ $('.au-loading-icon').fadeOut() $('.au-loading-icon').after('<div class="alert" id="load-fail-message">Article failed to load. Refresh and try again. Also make sure you are using Chrome or Firefox, as other browsers are not yet fully supported.</div>') window.Raven && window.Raven.captureMessage('Article load failure prior to fetching store.', {level: 'info'}) } }, 60000) </script> </div> <div id="richeditor_modal" class="modal fade hide"></div> <div id="jsfigure_modal" class="modal fade hide"></div> <div id="article-data" class="" style="display:none" data-article-permission="{"id":null,"can_view":true,"can_edit":false,"can_suggest_edits":false,"can_comment":true,"can_see_private_comments":false,"article_viewer_id":null,"article_viewer_type":null,"article_id":null,"created_at":null,"updated_at":null,"pinned":false}" data-article-id="1239046" data-institution-id="20904" data-institution-keyword="["Agricultural","Atmospheric Sciences","Biological Sciences","Climatology (Global Change)","Ecology","Education","Environmental Sciences","Geochemistry","Geodesy","Geography","Geology","Geophysics","Health Sciences","Human Society","Hydrology","Indigenous Studies","Informatics","Meteorology","Microbiology","Oceanography","Paleontology","Planetology","Radioastronomy","Soil Sciences","Solar System Physics"]" data-institution-custom-question="{"prompt":"","description":"","question_prompt":""}" data-institution-settings="{"share_with_community":true,"submit_to_journal":true,"submit_for_community_review":true}" data-article-preview-path="/users/853541/articles/1239046-continuous-monitoring-of-permafrost-and-active-layer-dynamics-with-automated-electrical-resistivity-tomography-on-king-george-island-antarctica" data-article-edit-mode-path="/users/853541/articles/1239046-continuous-monitoring-of-permafrost-and-active-layer-dynamics-with-automated-electrical-resistivity-tomography-on-king-george-island-antarctica?mode=edit" data-authenticity-token="Dwzp40L_M1AcmHGOnzoJW-oToy1bOrD77Y8Ys5ZGeIiqmmjVVRLNwI5OPTZ16Fbmgs7aGd5kiICTR4XG0EeVpQ" data-blank-paragraph-id="__blank__" data-default-format="html" data-dictionary="en_US" data-dont-auto-load-faye="true" data-edit-new-editor-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046-continuous-monitoring-of-permafrost-and-active-layer-dynamics-with-automated-electrical-resistivity-tomography-on-king-george-island-antarctica" data-faye-article-private-channel-name="/production-user853541-article1239046/private" data-faye-channel-name="/production-user853541-article1239046" data-faye-server="https://www.authorea.com/faye" data-faye-signature="8c97fc3eeaf947c1b78ffc78a5999888f88fccaa" data-folder-tab-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/master/folder" data-get-block-diff-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/get_block_diff" data-get-article-collabs-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/article_collabs.json" data-get-commit-history-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/commit_history" data-get-store-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/get_store" data-history-tab-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/_show_article_feed" data-is-admin="false" data-is-collaborator="false" data-is-author="false" data-is-private="false" data-numbered-headings="false" data-figures-label="true" data-show-all-references="false" data-sentry-dsn="https://e17eab83945c4de5b3089931f6ca264d@sentry.authorea.com/3" data-sentry-release="a608a20e875215ecfa518f9f30086af4d511f36b" data-sync-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/sync" data-transer-comments-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/transfer_comments" data-macros-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/master/file/header.tex/_edit" data-reference-sort-key-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/update_reference_sort_key_beta" data-default-citation-style="curriculum-journal" data-collab-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/article_collabs" data-article-affiliations-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046/article_affiliations" data-add-article-keyword-address="/tags/add_article_keyword" data-delete-article-keyword-address="/tags/delete_article_keyword" data-get-article-keywords-address="/tags/get_article_keywords" data-autocomplete-keywords-address="/tags/autocomplete_keywords" data-update-author-affiliation="/users/853541/articles/1239046/author_affiliations" data-add-author-affiliation="/users/853541/articles/1239046/article_collabs/add_author_affiliation" data-viewable-article-institutions="[{"id":20904,"name":"ESS Open Archive "}]" data-view-count="102" data-download-count="50" data-reviews-count="0" data-update-article-address="/users/853541/articles/1239046" data-delete-citation-url="/citations" data-publications="{"partner_collection_name":"ESS Open Archive ","authorea_peer_reviewed":false,"funding_groups":[],"current_doi_publication_status":{"amended_doi_string":"10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1","approved":true,"authors":["Teddi Herring","Mohammad Farzamian","Gon莽alo Vieira","Joana Baptista","Filip Hrbacek","Henrique Zilhao","Hyoungseok Lee","Christian Hauck"],"doi_string":"10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1","id":231277,"license":"non_exclusive_no_reuse","license_link":null,"license_name":"Non-exclusive, no reuse license","preprint_disclaimer":"This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary.","preprint_pdf_url":"https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/documents/publicationstatus/231277/preprint_pdf/a9e7d65642b1debe0ae3997986de84b9.pdf","registered":true,"submission_date":"November 09, 2024","tag_sha":"8e82bc065aba8fc06859291f212717bbc9058cb7","title":"Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island, Antarctica","version":1,"time_review":true,"references":[]},"doi_publication_statuses":[{"amended_doi_string":"10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1","approved":true,"doi_string":"10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1","id":231277,"registered":true,"submission_date":"November 09, 2024","tag_sha":"8e82bc065aba8fc06859291f212717bbc9058cb7","version":1}],"version_of_record":null}">this is for holding javascript data</div> <div class="span11 article-preview-content-container"><div class="article-preview-content"><div class="social-box-editor-tools-container"><div class="social-box--react"><div class="social-box__download"><div class="dropdown"><a class="social-box__download-preprint-button" tab_index="-1" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/pdf/10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1">Download PDF</a><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#"><button class="social-box__download-button"><span class="social-box__download-button-text">DOWNLOAD</span><i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i></button></a><ul class="dropdown-menu social-box__download-menu"><li><a class="social-box__download-link" rel="nofollow" tab_index="-1" href="/users/853541/articles/1239046/download_zip">Download ZIP</a></li><li><a class="social-box__download-link" rel="nofollow" tab_index="-1" href="/users/853541/articles/1239046/download_latex">Download LaTeX</a></li><li><a class="social-box__download-link" tab_index="-1" href="https://essopenarchive.org/doi/xml/10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1">Download JATS XML</a></li><li><a class="social-box__download-link" href="https://essopenarchive.org/users/853541/articles/1239046/add_cite">Track citations</a></li><li><a class="social-box__download-link" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" tab_index="-1" target="_blank" href="/signup">Fork (make a copy)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="view-count" data-placement="bottom" data-toggle="view-tooltip" title="102 Views"><i class="fas fa-eye"></i><span class="view-count__number">102</span></div><div class="download-count" data-placement="bottom" data-toggle="download-tooltip" title="50 Downloads"><i class="fas fa-download"></i><span class="download-count__number">50</span></div></div><div><div><div class="scite-badge" data-doi="10.22541/essoar.173117029.91729676/v1" data-layout="horizontal"></div><script async="" src="https://cdn.scite.ai/badge/scite-badge-latest.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script></div></div></div><div class="au-article-title">Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with Automated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island, Antarctica</div><div class="preview-tags"></div><div class="preview-authors-row"><ul class="preview-avatar-list"><li class="preview-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAAAAABWESUoAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAAAAmJLR0QAAKqNIzIAAAAHdElNRQfoCxUQFxgsHRpDAAABUElEQVQ4 EYXBPW4TURSG4fc7c2dMJjIRiAIhsgLECqBkBRQ0LC8byBLSILosIFWAIgKB EBHGY3vuOcyPLSJF4j6Pzvg/o8AoMAqMAqPAKEiMgrsEAYhRYmJiEm7yUMjC mSQgULcVg6jadT6ykK/SIsQgMdD22ZOtIFJ3dXr8ZVfl+sWvb3UISAyse/mc iV++Wp7/aLpHr2/OmwhBYuDHH9vV4zfXH076ZrN0ULALJglQVL9vO9h+3agS 7p4dMUsMFHWlBemo9Q143/fOQWIS7kG4O/COuxIjBTMBn/sq16fsJe65+N6u nr5nL3HPw9wulhwY/4QAJ3vOjjMzDowaggUJYTRiUr1lpnx7vTPU/bwJKfpP qwoEOmMS8nXdBFr3bRXKf+oHgYDETGHLcBGtPBTVSbgYJfYUmZGDUGT2Egdi JCbiwCgwCowCo8AoMAr+AmN6hahjS5oiAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOmNyZWF0ZQAy MDI0LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjI0KzAwOjAwoDdQvQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTptb2Rp ZnkAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNCswMDowMNFq6AEAAAAgdEVYdHNvZnR3 YXJlAGh0dHBzOi8vaW1hZ2VtYWdpY2sub3JnvM8dnQAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6 OkRvY3VtZW50OjpQYWdlcwAxp/+7LwAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpI ZWlnaHQANjAwet69tQAAABd0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpXaWR0aAA2MDDp L+3oAAAAGXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6TWltZXR5cGUAaW1hZ2UvcG5nP7JWTgAAABd0 RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1UaW1lADE3MzIyMDYyMDRgLpNKAAAAEnRFWHRUaHVtYjo6 U2l6ZQAyNDQ1QkIrl0ifAAAAPXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAv bGV0dGVyX2F2YXRhcnMvMi9USC8xNjNfMTYzXzE2My82MDAucG5nOJsu3wAA AABJRU5ErkJggg== " /></li><li class="preview-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABdFBMVEX+2hD+2g/+2Q/92Q/+2hP+2hX+2hT+2hH+2xb+2hb91wH9 1QD91gD92Qz92Af91wD91AD92An92AT+4Dj+5mD+4kf92Qv92Q7+5Fb+5Vz+ 3CL+4kT+6nf+52b+52j+52f+6XT+3B392Aj+8q/////+3CD+2hL+5mL+5l39 0AD+8aj+4UD+8KT+637+99D+5FT+75b+6XL+2xn+3zX+3jD+8an+/fT+/O/+ 3CH+++b+5VX+75j+5FX90wD92Qj92AP+7Yz+3zT+7ZH+6XX+5FP+4kb9zwD+ 8ab+3Sb+87P+9Ln+4UH+5FH+75v+98r+8qz+87X+98v+8aT92Qn+8qv+4Dv+ 407+75z+/fX+8J/+3i3+4Df+7Y/90gD+7Y3+8aX+3i/++NX+87D9zgD+5l/+ 2xj+8KH90QD+7IX+4Dr+8KD+5E/+5V3+8q3+3ST+++j+5Vj+4kj+7Ib+2xv+ 6G7+4kX+7If+3Sf+3SP92hD92AYAAACWRROBAAAAAWJLR0R7T9K1/AAAAAd0 SU1FB+gLFRAXGVsaKtUAAAGXSURBVDgR3cGHWhNBFAbQ/97ZZTI7CzsEwYag +Lu62JAIlhg72KJo7GJv2Hvl6U2WfBJ9BM7BWiIiKIkAsgI9tANtWjIlxSqN 4j4ooIhjq1HFtVWsokvUJj6FqqI/9QNRFnzHoFVBSW11aN1wFcDI+g0bN6Wb R7eMjY1v3TZhFR1iXNhO7kjy2O8kdxWTLO3O+lTQJsaFPeTe4HK/j9xfTPHA dO3gUNQPRYcYF2Y4eyjNk8M8wqNFnccax09kI1CUxLgww5M8lfjTPMOzRZ1z 876R5ooVYlw4x/O8EFJevMRmcZlXFq5eG037VNAhxoUWr99go8abt9gsbvPO 7Czv+lgFHWJcaHH6Hhfv88FDNos6h+d9SKGKkhgXHvFxg0/49Nkkm0Wdz/2L 3Cq6xLjwkrWlV+TrpTd8W0zxnXcGii4xLrznYvjAj2lY4KeixXHvjOIvzZPP X75OJN++Z9W5Hz/T2tivAatYJWqzMGh/+yy3WViOEr9sVdBLo4pVxJFqVLGa x1bxL22D9hD8RwSACCACQLDW/AG/qjQelpx3LQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVh dGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxMCswMDowMNr3c00AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6 bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTArMDA6MDCrqsvxAAAAIHRFWHRz b2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFn ZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgA NjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4A AAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MTkwtMdSQwAAABN0RVh0VGh1 bWI6OlNpemUAMTE5NzBCQk6C7YYAAAA8dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTov L3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL01GLzI1NF8yMThfMTYvNjAwLnBuZ+Sl +5cAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /></li><li class="preview-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABSlBMVEVIwvlHwvlHwflHwfhKwvlMw/lJwvlLw/k8vvgwuvguufg0 u/hEwPgxuvg/v/hDwPgyuvg4vPhXx/mP2fuW3Pt70/o5vfhCwPhozPqM2Pta yPlNw/mH1/t20fpBv/iw5Pz////9/v5byPkltveN2fvN7v0tufib3fu05vwv ufiK2PvZ8v1RxfmE1vry+v4zu/g3vPg+vvji9f5Wxvk6vfg1u/js+P4ftPfE 6/1qzfoetPe55/x60vpAv/hUxvnj9f7m9v5Fwfhiyvm+6fzF6/1dyflnzPpg yvlly/lPxPk2vPj7/f7r+P6O2fuk4PzU8P0ruPjn9/5szvpky/nG7P2D1fpZ x/mc3vtvz/rp9/4Lrfen4fyC1fru+f7w+v6B1fre9P3X8f2X3PssuPjQ7/09 vvhTxfly0PqR2vuU2/s7vfiV2/tGwfgAAAAnRIwKAAAAAWJLR0RtuwYArQAA AAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXHsV+v3YAAAGDSURBVDgR3cFpWxJhFAbg55xn3ncWHEQp sCA6WU1NUUpJOylklrTYom22r7b8/88JaJFXv8D7xn4jItgmGBLsoRxQJamA kFSMIwPnnCcD5wnQu4AYQ4RRnBQmAkRp0ZN+sjQFKnYpmEyXDxyMKtWZQ4eL HtVa/UgDqhgShY+P2rZjs8dP2MksdNkpO507KoaULj9jZ5vROTs/N2/WmgzS C3ZxISBGFGhfskaCy1fs6rXrdqPduWmLqYdihL4T2lJcK04VFrrzPbuVz5Wt nDgKhoRhpWfLSff2yp27q9X+PWtli7baCigYEoaVni3H/ftm9qCfPrSZiq09 CqnYQV909jjuPnm6bhuF1jN7/sLqsaNghwKFl+az4qtNe12qxW/erlmn6old Spe+s/fNyH+weqmZfTRb/+So+EPh000b+FydCL98NfvWDin4S8Fseuv7Vi/v eOLHxs9GF4pxRBjlSV4JPEEU4l+g4B9k4JwLQEDoHIi9lAMqAJQk/kNEMCKC feY35zwqenzoOakAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6Y3JlYXRlADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6 MjM6MzArMDA6MDCY0nQwAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOm1vZGlmeQAyMDI0LTExLTIx VDE2OjIzOjMwKzAwOjAw6Y/MjAAAACB0RVh0c29mdHdhcmUAaHR0cHM6Ly9p bWFnZW1hZ2ljay5vcme8zx2dAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6RG9jdW1lbnQ6OlBh Z2VzADGn/7svAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OkhlaWdodAA2MDB63r21 AAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OldpZHRoADYwMOkv7egAAAAZdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpNaW1ldHlwZQBpbWFnZS9wbmc/slZOAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6TVRp bWUAMTczMjIwNjIxMH5YZhIAAAATdEVYdFRodW1iOjpTaXplADIxNzg1QkKe 8pvHAAAAPHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAvbGV0dGVyX2F2YXRh cnMvMi9HVi83Ml8xOTRfMjQ5LzYwMC5wbmdh52xqAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC " /></li><li class="preview-avatar"><div class="preview-avatar-extra">+5</div></li></ul><ul class="preview-author-list"><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818598">Teddi Herring<i class="fas fa-envelope preview-author-icon"></i></span><a class="preview-author-orcid" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-5955" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/omniauth/orcid-ca37582cd91a671ed5cec57770e0e96c01b4b79b8b5b75d8598fc1ddac18c974.svg" /></a>, </li><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818599">Mohammad Farzamian</span><a class="preview-author-orcid" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-7344" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/omniauth/orcid-ca37582cd91a671ed5cec57770e0e96c01b4b79b8b5b75d8598fc1ddac18c974.svg" /></a>, </li><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818600">Gon莽alo Vieira</span>, </li><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818601">Joana Baptista</span>, </li><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818602">Filip Hrbacek</span>, </li><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818603">Henrique Zilhao</span>, </li><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818604">Hyoungseok Lee</span>, </li><li class="preview-author"><span class="preview-author-name" data-collab-id="1818605">Christian Hauck</span><a class="preview-author-orcid" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-6475" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/omniauth/orcid-ca37582cd91a671ed5cec57770e0e96c01b4b79b8b5b75d8598fc1ddac18c974.svg" /></a></li></ul></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818598"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Teddi Herring</div><a class="author-popover-orcid" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-5955" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/omniauth/orcid-ca37582cd91a671ed5cec57770e0e96c01b4b79b8b5b75d8598fc1ddac18c974.svg" /></a><div class="author-popover-affiliations">University of Calgary</div><p>Corresponding Author:<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="384c5d5c5c5116505d4a4a51565f784d5b59545f594a41165b59">[email protected]</a></p><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/853541">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAAAAAAZai4+AAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAAAAmJLR0QAAKqNIzIAAAAHdElNRQfoCxUQGA8oVoNLAAADD0lEQVR4 Ac3BwYpbdQDF4d85+dNOKYgobvV1ulXfwFcrCCJuXPlK7lRQx0LuMTPOdJJM eu+NJnK+T29pZCqZSqaSqWQqmUqmkqlkKplKppKpZCqZSqaSqWQqmUqmkqlk KplKppKpZCqZSqaSqWQqmUqmkqlkKplKppKpZCqZSqaSqWQqmUqmkqlkKg3m hLUEhPfEc+E9sWAwS6wT7ohHEc+JB2HJYEY0hVU2EVF4pIhjCg/EksGHRZMI y6TJQdluuecNitgXNG0n7nkjEHMGHxRx++VnEUui3757JfTHm89vDRnvvo84 It599cmtIS9+/eGFwqzBDE1mFU3sTDfccOdVOGG64YY7LyeWDGZNhEVRgIgt W0M8RZwwMQniiUWDJWJJEPeExI44SUjsiEWDJWGPIiAKB8I6EesMZgmJfWJH iAPiwsyMOIgD4TmBQVzQ4IMU3fwUnvj3L96wE/TjzzfhiV4ScUGDD1M8hSdJ eDBNCU+yCRc1mKGYPd6YBx5jYk8ULmkwK+xJeC8JVzSYI/YEsU9cj6lkKplK ppKpNLiWcCysNrgGS+KYxGqDK8itzDO3E6sNruFTzDOvjVhpcHHCX3OaWGlw DeEUsZr5/4TVBtcg/qPBxUUJp0gR6wwuTkicJlYaXFzELxLPbD9WxDqDK9h+ yyYcEn9+81HEOoMr8GttwhF5w2qDawjhWMJ6gysJh8Q5Btci9oWzmEqmkqlk KplKppKpZCqZSqaSqWQqmUrmfOLfEisNzhN2Ik4KBKJwUggQsWxwhgizI04z EghzkpDYEYsGZ/DEXwLyEvGcg7gTc4JBgIhZoresFWXahjvaWBEHoknhniJF 7AuaFO4pUsScwWqKbB4o4pDiKdyLFXFAibf8IxsiZg3WU8SjiGOKeRRxRGTD g0jMG5xB4ZE4ITwSJ4TVBucQc8QssZ6pZCqZSqaSqWQqmUqmkqlkKplKppKp ZCqZSqaSqWQqmUqmkqlkKplKppKpZCqZSqaSqWQqmUqmkqlkKplKppKpZCqZ SqaSqWQqmUqmkqn0N/j8v2/9EF9QAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOmNyZWF0ZQAyMDI0 LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjI0KzAwOjAwoDdQvQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTptb2RpZnkA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNCswMDowMNFq6AEAAAAgdEVYdHNvZnR3YXJl AGh0dHBzOi8vaW1hZ2VtYWdpY2sub3JnvM8dnQAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkRv Y3VtZW50OjpQYWdlcwAxp/+7LwAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpIZWln aHQANjAwet69tQAAABd0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpXaWR0aAA2MDDpL+3o AAAAGXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6TWltZXR5cGUAaW1hZ2UvcG5nP7JWTgAAABd0RVh0 VGh1bWI6Ok1UaW1lADE3MzIyMDYyMDRgLpNKAAAAEnRFWHRUaHVtYjo6U2l6 ZQAyNDQ1QkIrl0ifAAAAPXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAvbGV0 dGVyX2F2YXRhcnMvMi9USC8xNjNfMTYzXzE2My82MDAucG5nOJsu3wAAAABJ RU5ErkJggg== " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818599"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Mohammad Farzamian</div><a class="author-popover-orcid" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-7344" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/omniauth/orcid-ca37582cd91a671ed5cec57770e0e96c01b4b79b8b5b75d8598fc1ddac18c974.svg" /></a><div class="author-popover-affiliations">Instituto Nacional de Investiga莽茫o Agr谩ria e Veterin谩ria, I.P.</div><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/853542">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAACK1BMVEX+2hD+2Q/+2g/+2hH92Q392Q792Qv92An92Qr92Qz92AP9 1wD91wH92Q/92Aj91wL+++f+/vj+/O3+/O/+/Ov////+6XL91QD+2hT+2hP+ 3SX+/O7+/PH+/vv+3CL92AT+2hL91gD+9cD+/v7+/fb92Af//v7++uD+2hX9 1AD+7In+3CH+9cT+/v3+///+/vr92AX+/fj+/vz+3SP+3B/+8KT+4Dz+3CD+ 9cH+/fT+9Lj///7+4kb+9sj+5l7++uH92Ab+6Xb92Qn++t/+7If+3ST+8aX+ 4Dv+/ff++dn++dj+/fX+87f+++b+87X++NL+5Vj+4kf+8aj+/Oz+9sn+5V3+ 9sX+9Lv+/PD90gD+4Dj+6nj+3CP+7pX90QD+7Ib+3B790wD+7Yv++Nb+8af+ 5mD+3Sb++dv+87b+3iz+5Vf+4kn+87H+3Sj+3Sf+3ir+3zP+9sr+5Vz+3iv+ 4UH+2xj+8q3++uT+2xv//v3+5FT+2xn+3zL+6nr+64H+52X+/fP+7IT+6nf+ 6XT+3i/+2xr+4Dr+4kj+3zb+75v+2hb+98z+87T+4T7++dr+8an+40v+8J/+ 8rH+5Vv+3B3+40/+9Ln+7pf++t7+9cL+6nv+52r+++X++uL+64P+52j+98v+ 5mH+/vn+9Lr+52n+8q7+3zT+9sv+8q/+++n+/fL+98/+5FP+5FL+3i7+6G3+ 9cP+9b/+2xf+4T3+6Gv+9sf+9sb+87MAAADNgVg3AAAAAWJLR0S4Tb8m9gAA AAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXCt+kawsAAApDSURBVHgB7cH5n2RXXcfh7+ec7ttVU6m+ hvD21Ek407e4qZsq4uHeVNRbcdQMExNwh4AKLqhEwC1q1LiggitLI3Hf96G1 xX1B/fecnu5ZMxNe06/68T6PDQaDwWAwGAwGg8FgMBgMBoPBYDAYDAaDm3Q7 uz/dzs44fSl2Ps5uJ7sf2e1kp+S/BHN2Hs60c4s32X3Idndukjm7xsmKvTc0 kskenEzjC5ObHppKdi+S7U9uKguZzJxsvDMevYFit5DJHph8Mfqyh9/0yHVv 5svDTM5ezylOHuWRU4+9JV08qGQmq+ZvpeYNPL4/9rIHJj9aNNz0RPAmez1p uXobDTc8WVZyJovhK8jc19tpu8LLHph80T1Fyuvr4OlJlLPXkS8OEimvr4Ov LCs5k8XwVtp8X4nHDwove2DyRdeSOZX4qtVSsrs5zeZfTeZUDX1ZyZkshg2J +8o8dVB42QOTL7qWzKnMM/Oxye4mi+FrSJyqoS8rOZPFsCEBl2jyPSQePyi8 7IHJF11L5lTT8LXzmZzdyanqPNScqqEvKzmTxbAhcV9vp+0KL3tg8kXXkjmT +LpVlOxObroMX0/iTA19WcmZLIYNCbjEfTy1X3jZA5MvupbMmQyjhZezO8hs /ixrztTQl5WcyWLYkIDMw4vL4+J1xipksgcmX3QtmRsS7whLObudU5w8DTVn aujLSs5kMWxIQGY9uTDa37vb/hWZ7MHJF11Lhks0DbDmueBNdjtpufoGWqCp uQQ19GUlZ7IYNiQgk/fG0d+DOTsH+aJryZyoaajh+UmUs9vIFxcSmUs0nKih Lys5k8WwIQGZvBh53Yudh3zRtWRoyA3XtLywWkp2i9Ns/k5ywzXvooEa+rKS M1kMGxKQyYuRl22LfNG1ZMh84zeRIfPN87GX3SIXw7eQoOZbv4011NCXlZzJ YtiQgExejLxsW+SLriXDmm9/N2toGt4zn8nZDU7VZQ81JF54kQQ19GUlZ7IY NiQgkxcjL9sW+aJryZB57whqSLxvFSW7wU2X4TtI0MCT38kaaujLSs5kMWxI QCYvRl62LfJF15Ihw+q7SJChuOzl7IzM5k+whjXv/8BzrKGGvqzkTBbDhgRk 8mLkZdsiX3QtGTKE7yYDie8JSzk75RQn3ws1JL7vg29iDTX0ZSVnshg2JCCT FyMv2xb5omvJkGF33pBhzRPBTHZKWq6+nxZqWIa3sIYa+rKSM1kMGxKQyYuR l7uTnZt80bVkqOEHfvBDJKjh0UmUs+vkiwstGRIvrQ6eIUMNfVnJmSyGDQnI 5MXI63XsnOSLriVDDU+HR6GBlh9aLSU74TSbv5PcwJoPh6IlQw19WcmZLIYN Ccjk0c4s3s1k5yNfdC0ZavjIQ/OPsobM45Oxl52Qi+GHSZBZlwcFZKihLys5 k8WwIQGZNJ+Xk7s8NDXZucgXXUuGpuFHDuY/SoIm82PzmZyZOVWXPdSQ+PEw 3oUMNfRlJWeyGDYkINNevPjyT9zp5Z8c75rsPOSLriVDk/mpSbELGRKvhCiZ mZsuw0+ToIGfmVxZQoYa+rKSM1kMGxL3tXvFy85DvuhaMjSZn52/Gn6OBBmK y5Wcmczmz7GGNT8fqoNfgBpq6MtKzmQxbEjc2y/C6IqXnYd80bVkYM3H5r80 /2WaBhK/EpZTZ05xchFqSHw8vPrQRaihhr6s5EwWw4YEXKKp77aG0RUvOw/5 omvJwJpPhOXO5FfJsObZYCaTlqtfo4UM48vLyctQQw19WcmZLIYNiXvLMLri ZechX3QtGUj8elguw2+QoIaPTKKcfHGhJUPilVWMk9+kbqCGvqzkTBbDhgQ0 NOu0vlNLfeWKl52HfNG1ZCDxtrCsyt+CGlpeXC0lzeafJDc0DZ+az+L80+QG aujLSs5kMWxI3Nd4z8vOQ77oWjLQ8pnV4bQKnyVB5vHJ2Esx/DYJMs/Mxzab f47cQA19WcmZLIYNCWjgpdc+eqfXnn1td+Rl5yFfdC0ZaPmd1eF0GT7FGprM 785n0+qyQQ2J31stp7P5e1gDNfRlJWeyGDYkIPPUahXuNh+bZOchX3QtGWj5 /dVy6q/sQ4bEKyFOl+EPSFDDHz4Up8v5H7EGaujLSs5kMWxIQCbvjWN1F2+y 85EvupYMJP54NZNm4U9IkGF8ubL5n7KGxGvB23QZ3k0CaujLSs5kMWxIQCYv Rt7u5pydj3zRtWQg8WermRQnL0MDiT8Pr04uQg1r/iIsNV2GD5OAGvqykjNZ DBsSkMmLkdfdnJ2TfNG1ZCDxSoiSaf6XrGHNX4Vl+GtayHCw5zU9DH9DC9TQ l5WcyWLYkIBMXoy8bFvki64lA4m/DVGaLsPfkaCGl+eXr5Ih8fnVTJoehiNa oIa+rORMFsOGBGTyYuRl2yJfdC0ZSLwSoqSqi1BDy99/8HPkhgb+YR7lpofh iBaooS8rOZPFsCEBmbwYedm2yBddSwYSxyFKcjF8ngSZ9gP/SII1X5jL5KaH 4YgWqKEvKzmTxbAhAZm8GHnZtsgXXUsGEschSk6z+SfJDQ187J/IkPjQajl1 bnoYjmiBGvqykjNZDBsSkMmLkZdti3zRtWQgcRyiZPLjsiVDQ8M1NfiDSs5N D8MRLVBDX1ZyJothQwIyeTHysm2RL7qWDCSOQ5RMWoaPk7imgUsk/jlEk7np YTiiBWroy0rOZDFsSEAmL0Zeti3yRdeSgcRxiJI5xUkPNZdoGmgy/zKfyZmb HoYjWqCGvqzkTBbDhgRk8mLkZdsiX3QtGUgchyiZyfz8Jdacyjw8KbzM3PQw HNECNfRlJWeyGDYkIJMXIy/bFvmia8lA4jhEycxNl+FfWXMq8eJqKZm56WE4 ogVq6MtKzmQxbEhAJi9GXrYt8kXXkoHEcYiSmZPfH0PmRA3PT6KcmZsehiNa oIa+rORMFsOGBGTyYuRl2yJfdC0ZSByHKJmZNAsvkDix5rngTWbmpofhiBao oS8rOZPFsCEBmbwYedm2yBddSwYSxyFKZuY0m/8bTcM1iXeE5dSZmZsehiNa oIa+rORMFsOGBGTyYuRl2yJfdC0ZSByHKNk1st3JY2Qgw/7Cy5mZmx6GI1qg hr6s5EwWw4YEZPJi5GXbIl90V0k51y3vC1Gya9x0Gf6dqznnq/zHaibZNW56 GI642uS8hr6s5EwWw39yNa9zol2MvGxb5IvLa05kPhuiZNc4VRf+i1P/PZ/J 2TVuehi+yJrrniwrOZNV4X84sz/ysm2RL0Ytp45DNNkJWRX+lxPvne+Y7ISb LsMXqbnu+QuVzGTV/P948/sfeeSxd32hKLxsW2QqpuPixM7u2OTshJMVB7tF UeyMRiZn18l2dnaL6zSemsycbKebnLowlsm2RqYr+3sn9kcmZ2dkO/t7e3v7 hclukO3s753Y35ua7ISz3Z0zMmdb5MzfILtF5q+T3SLzZ0x2SnaTs63STc5u cTpjtzjdZGecbrLBYDAYDAaDwWAwGAwGg8FgMBgMBoPBYPBG/h/KgsiFafOW EQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxMCswMDow MNr3c00AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTAr MDA6MDCrqsvxAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNr Lm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8A AAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0 eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2 MTkwtMdSQwAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUAMTE5NzBCQk6C7YYAAAA8dEVY dFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL01GLzI1 NF8yMThfMTYvNjAwLnBuZ+Sl+5cAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818600"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Gon莽alo Vieira</div><div class="author-popover-affiliations">Centre of Geographical Studies, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning</div><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/853543">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAACZ1BMVEVIwvlHwvlHwflHwfhJwvlKwvlLw/lMw/lCwPg7vfg2vPgz u/gxuvgwuvgyuvg1u/g5vfg/v/hFwfhGwfg+vvhEwPhayPlvz/qA1PqK2PuO 2fuM2PuF1vt30fply/lQxPkvufg0u/hDwPg6vfg8vvg9vvhAv/hPxPmI1/vf 9P3////5/f696fxuzvr4/P7y+v7z+/7v+f6f3/ux5fzw+v7x+v7+/v7o9/4u ufhWxvnH7P39/v78/v77/f6c3vvI7P3l9v686Pyw5Px70/osufhky/k3vPhT xfn2/P6/6fyX3PteyfnU8P2q4vz6/f44vPhVxvkquPhbyPlgyvn//v/R7/27 6Pys4/yy5fzD6v3a8v3+//+R2vun4fzd8/3K7f0suPgtufjn9/7+/v+U2/vZ 8v33/P510foot/dEwfgpt/eW3PtcyPlNw/kktveB1fr///7j9f6e3vvS8P19 0/ont/e25vz0+/5xz/rr+P6V2/sruPhHwvhIwflBv/hYx/mv5Px00PrA6vya 3fuZ3fthyvly0PrP7/1dyfnt+f7u+f7g9P6m4fy45/yY3Pu+6fxqzfqt4/xn zPrq+P6C1fr1+/5Sxfnk9v6l4fzm9v4vuvh/1Prs+P6z5fzh9f7M7v1OxPmN 2ftIwvhpzfqo4vzW8f3Q7/255/xZx/nc8/120frN7v1RxfnG7P140vqP2ftm zPnB6vxszvo4vfiG1vvV8f3X8f266Pxiyvng9P2i4PvF6/3Y8v3E6/0mtvd+ 1PpozPpmzPrO7v3b8/1Uxvne9P3i9f5fyfmj4Pv7/v6b3fvL7f0AAADDn/1b AAAAAWJLR0TMGteT0wAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAbKdF2VXUAAAo9SURBVHgB7cH7 n6Z1Xcfx9/X5XIc53Pcc7nuGY8o9R+G1CIvBl4Hv9xKEmF2O44YoBdouK9tB NlJLFkywzEiwrFbQEozKksnSMi0qOtm5/qmuuWd2d/ZgP+w9PB72eFzPp1qt VqvVarVarVar1Wq1Wq1Wq9VqtVqtHxTZDv3gMPNdLNPZzHyH6cIy8x1m2huZ uSsvympLWeYyd8t0hukM0wWZzjDtBXMVVT42PjHZ6Xanpmdme2WZu5tOMXmv v0MyXYBJvf62nss0OveimOtOzl9y6WWXX3HlD73t7VeNDxYWq9xd20zen10a H1pecZnOY+qPL48PLa32XaZReV4udd9x9TWcse/ad64Oxiq5hjxfzK/bd/3+ xg28q1N6pnOYFZM/zI37GzeFm+dcphF5ubh2y61siamu65QCW949O1Xkri2m onMbO26fzGU6h+fzq4GhwHvWSjeNxLxcmrgDSCkEtoUQ6wjc+SO93NXIvJy4 ixQbCcrZ3HW2zMv1u0ixkeDAeOEaSeblwjsOElLgHDHB3Wvzuavhmp9NRBqJ e7qVZzqLeTm4g0QjcvOkZBqJl5P3Qh3YEmKqGykGtsTEfYNe7pLMy8H91DQS 13Rymc7i6s09QKSReNeg8kyj8HLjvZDYEhKnxMRQza2HcpmUeTHzoxCAAP3V 3LVb5uXGg4QABNBs7hpB5vnqXCIB7yMCNz70/g88/GM/XkMMPAIkHh2UbpKp v3Q9kUbiyqnKM+1iXg4+SE0j8aFuIdPFy0z54Ceo2RLhtlsm1g4fOXK4u3Tp YxA4CgGKudwl82rwYWoaice7hUy7uHrLx4g0IldPlZ7p4pmXkz9JBN5HJD34 U+NeVo3ip6d/5iMQaNTcdqR0U+bF8gEIQICxsdx1RubFzBMQgACzY7lrBK7e 0kEijcjB1cnjhcwbUln87JMc/TkgQDmbu2TS9EdJNCKXTZae6TTzavAxahqJ j6+VZrp45tXUz5NoBDg+cdzdzbLMzF3VL3yCRCPxgbXKTZlXnSdJNBL3DUoz nebqLz1FBELgxETpmS6eydefJtKIPPPJ4/6LmXZ8yovVZyEAkacnXCZ5PltC ACJxbjF3nebF+HMQgMh1Sz25RuDF0iUQgMhNHZfrjMyrwadJQIBqNnfJVHQ+ TgJC4JemS8+0w7wafISaRs0vr5Vuunjm1eAz1DQSv9Kt/FM6I/Ny47M8UDf2 cedC6VLm5eSvEmnUPL9WmmmHyTduJAIBfm2mcI3A5BOfIwIB5ldzz7SL52N9 dtx2pHKTPB+bhwBE9i3Py7Ut82L5vRCAyAsTLtMIPF8tIQCJF6dymXYz+dzn f/2Ohx9++I5rf2Mpd5PMysEXSEAI/OZ66ZmGzKvuFdQ0Er+1Vrnp4mVebvw2 IQA1nzhSeabdMpNPHT6y5fC03CRlXk68nRCAmluPlG4aMmniJBEIcNVK4Zku XubV1BdJwNHIiYnSM53NVFbbSteQa36uJgKRl2Z6cm3JvFh5GQKQ+NJULtMI zMvul6mBAAdWCte5zE8xDZmXgw9SAwE+O1N4pkbmVfdqEo3EPd3KM43AsqLz PAkI0BvLXefJTtG2zIuZSyAANV84UrmpYdLCl0hAgN5q7hqFKZ/8HRIQuW5u Xq4d2fm0w9SfuZEIRG5a78skZV7MXQUBSDz+u4VMozD5+ueIQOTGmb5c2/wC TNvMq8Gj1ECAS8YLl5R51XmSRCPylcnSM43C1V+6iQhEXll3mYZc1bmOl65t mRfLL0MAal5dq9wkUz75IRIQiSuLuWskrv74fiIQOTktmRrmWuyea21Cbhoy aeGrJCDyyrTLJM9nj0MAEr+3VrppJK7++H4iEDk5IZkani++9swVZ/v9Z56c 0x+YtmRedS4jAQEOLBeeZV5N3UkCQuAP10vPNBJXf3w/EYicnJBMDS/G7+U8 j00VMg15vlpCABJfG1Rupnzqj0hA5KWNnlyjcfXH9xOByMlpydTwYvk5Un2W 63i8U8g0ZCo6f0wCEo8tSOb5agEBqPn6WuWm0bj649cTgcgr6y5Tw4vl1yGw W2KzW8g0lHm5cIIIBDg+V7hXk39CAgI8N154ptGYfOMFIhC5YaYvV8OL5dch hh1sSWx2C5m2eT62CAFIvLtbuYrON0hA5OkFyTQikxZuJgGR6+Z6cjW8WH6d cyQ2u4VM28zKwXtIQOKrU7nyZx0CkPj8oHLTiExF5z4SEKA3lrsaXiw/wTkS m91Cpm2Zl+t3EQIE0GxeLpwgAgGqudwzjci87H6NGghwYKVwNUz9/p++dnzL a6W/RAQSm91Cph2u3twDRCDxaKcqun9GAhIvdnKZRpV51fkiiUbkm9OlZ2qY +rPbVpcnDhKBxGa3kGmHeTn4MjWQ2OyUY/MQgMS3OpVnGlXm5cafEwJQ8xeH KzdtMeXbCp89RgQSm91CplO8WHodAgRY7E18mwgEGHs2d43O82dzCEDk5IJk GjLfpt7KMSKQ2OwWMp1i8r+8gQhEvjMxeS0JSHx3UJhpdCZN304CAry8XHim XVy9lWNEILHZLWQ6xbwafIsEJP7qkz2IEAJvmy490+jMq+6VJBo1f3248ky7 uHorx4hAYrNbyHRK5sXKyxAgwuANQoBIPT4v117wYuUABCDA4mru2sXVWzlG BBKb3UKm00xa+BsSHI08+LfUQM3frZVu2gumfPJNEo3E3/9D5a4zXPNzx4hA YrNbyHRa5lXnH0lA4hu3EyHAGxuFZ9oLmZfT/0SgEeDOQ6/J3bJMyjIzV3/2 IBFIbHYLmc7wfLWAwGmRm9b7Mu0NkxauIdEI8M+HylK+I8uPzw72EYHEZreQ 6QxT0fkeCY4SAkeh5tW1yk17w7zceAICPEKErxyaUVUWRVGWVbE4NfkqkUbi X7qFTGdkXi5cSoRHCIFHCPCvy4Vn2iPm5dr91MBRAjx0y/Rgeml5fGa621n9 5kG2Jf6tU8i0i+eLixDZkXhsUjLtGVdv6t+pgaOECCfveed/XPLEGycu/x4Q 4ShQ891OYaZdzMrB10nsSHxsUHmmvePF3OxBaoZS4IwYGapJvpp7pl0yL9ff IASGAmg2d+0lL8cXnyJFtoRUxwAh1ikyFBP78o3CTWdx9Vb2ERlKbHYLmfaU l8szj0MKbAsNtoWU4M3xpdJ1DvNy8J/8F0OR70yVnmlveTF26MNASiFwWgip pnH5obHSdR4vlp4jxNBIMDuWu/aa5/lg/m4aoa7TUJ0Cjac+s97Jc9f5TL7x AoFG5KG10kx7zlWtHln875s5y9Pvv3d6MF/KdQHmVecKAkMnJkrPtPfc8/LZ 7pS+ff//vPniR198/Pm7n3lD00dmvJK7LsjUn+3PD/Vm3UxvBXPPq3x1fe1I tzPV6Q4Od2aeVVXI3fR9mHxsh2R6i5i78rIqizzPi7Kqilzubvr+TPkOmd46 Zt4wNcwbZpn+T+Y7TG+tLLMdWaZWq9VqtVqtVqvVarVarVar1Wq1Wq1W6/+b /wUkSxrHNlU3JgAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUAMjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoy MzozMCswMDowMJjSdDAAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9kaWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFU MTY6MjM6MzArMDA6MDDpj8yMAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2lt YWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFn ZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUA AAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1 bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGlt ZQAxNzMyMjA2MjEwflhmEgAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6OlNpemUAMjE3ODVCQp7y m8cAAAA8dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFy cy8yL0dWLzcyXzE5NF8yNDkvNjAwLnBuZ2HnbGoAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818601"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Joana Baptista</div><div class="author-popover-affiliations">Centre for Geographical Studies, Associate Laboratory TERRA, IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa</div><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/853544">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAACcFBMVEVSvIlRu4hRvIhTvIlTvIpRvIlOuoZMuoVNuoVNuoZQu4hV vYtWvYtUvYo/tHw9s3o8s3pFt4BPu4dQu4dPuodMuYRJuINEtn8+tHs7s3lY vo3p9vDn9u/k9Ozl9e3i8+v2+/my4cpUvIrR7eD////+/v75/fvx+fXk9O23 486J0a5oxJg6snlEtoBKuYPI6dk4snfU7uK4489hwpNHt4FXvYz8/fz8/v39 /v35/PvD6Nb7/fz9/v78/f3S7eBXvozF6NeG0Kw3sXf+//6Z17k3sXZ6y6RA tXz6/fxLuYRav45wx5224s3y+van3cNIuIJMuYVCtn45sng6sniP07JDtn8x r3J2yqFdwJE0sHXJ6tqR1LRRu4lBtX1vx5zB59VZvo7N6906s3nL69xSvIix 4MpWvYx8zKZtxpz6/fswr3Kw4MlJuIK75NFbv49vx51txptCtX5+zaf4/Ppi wpSN0rErrW6/5tNGt4Hg8+pux5y75NC95dK+5tPG6djZ8OVkw5VSu4gzsHR7 zKX2+/hPuoY9tHvc8eer3saQ1LN3yqLD59bd8uhHuILt+PI/tXxgwZJewJFd wJBgwZNcv49KuINXvo3E6Nfq9vDt+PPf8umk28Hs9/L3+/l2yqJ1yaHL69tU vYtlw5bz+vfm9e6V1rc9tHqFz6uDzqqo3cSv4Mi55M+Y17h4yqNnxJej28D/ //6Czqn5/Pqg2r5yyJ9mw5ZjwpRqxZmH0K3j9Ov1+/j+/v/e8ulKuYT+//9S u4lmw5drxZpav48+tHzr9/G04syy4cvP7N6d2bxDtn7b8ebh8+vh8+rW7+Nc wJAAAACaqVhQAAAAAWJLR0TPg97CaQAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXMBmosrkAAAiB SURBVHgB7cGJdx3nXcfh3/fOaGx5Rs7IVmXZIaZ9/XkbyjJMwfF7w7x37m1S mt5QKkXCJdCopcEYnBraECBhLV3iQlccSIG2LGHfl5bVEAKUUPa/iesrWXEc 9xzOkabncM48j/V6vV6v1+v1er1er9fr9Xq9Xq/X6/V6vf8b7bFd+hIG9uUz kN0g2yFLXsHMdN3Avjxk6S6TXbcgyw4dvsVidiTJiyWTNLDuSZYdvWOuXJZk tiA7dnxlMbvJYrb4qtUTayfvWM7yJdPAOqfkVafu/Iq7Tp8+/ZWvfs1aLpnM HT2D5+X8a+/+qtd99desfu3XOSdZ15RWp9j19XUhmcyVr8dze9/wjeXZXLKO Ka3ugXMhDO/lm+pcMpkrz9D4l4txGEYjD7RL5ZLJuqW0GoMHRkzqQjKZK1sC t+PjyMMb7nMm65TSagweaJjUhWQyV7YE4H78zZjzI3jjN+eSdUlpNQYPNEzq QjKZK1sCt/LNkLnoedMDuWQdUlqNwQMNk7qQTObKlgB4bhE9HhjSLGeJrENK qzF4oGFSF5LJXNkSgMibp9Nj2Zw9+C1v+Vbw3A+MeOvJXLLuKK3G4IGGSV1I JnNlSwAiw7Pr2aHrNqbrD21ufRt4ZobcfV4m647SagweaJjUhWQyV7YEIBIP rbhkLnV5kbzt28EDHh4+62TdUVqNwQMNk7qQTObKlgBE4nTRtMfu+Y7vZMTM kLev5VqwziitxuCBhkldSCZzZUsAInGaJbIdC48o334HQw80vLMuNLDOKK3G 4IGGSV1IJnNlSwAicZolsl0LSle/Czww4l2buWSdUVqNwQMNk7qQTObKlgBE 4jRLZDco2cjAAyPOPJpL1hml1Rg80DCpC8lkrmwJQCROs0R2g5KNFfDAiO/e zCXrjNJqDB5omNSFZDJXtgQgEqdZItt1Qen6g+CBEd+zVWhgnVFajcEDDZO6 kEzmypYAROI0S2RzC3ZBF9e+lwB4z/edX5J1R2k1Bg80TOpCMpkrWwIQidNF 054l1XcyBCKXzq6YrDtKqzF4oGFSF5LJXNkSgEg8tOKSHWleTB97K5GZc7x7 K5esO0qrMXigYVIXkslc2RKAyPDsanZ4cebwxuXtrfXvxzMTuHQ+M1mHlFZj 8EDDpC4kk7myJQCRN69eXjx03cbKD7zn3eCZCfDex3PJOqS0GoMHGiZ1IZnM lS0B8BC4WQB8gB/cymWdUlqNwQMNk7qQTObKlsCtYuOZe+KHTua6YJ1SWo3B Aw2TupBM5sqWANyPjzd475nxjH74R5ZPSdYtpdUYPNAwqQvJZK5sCdyWJzz5 nu2ncsk6pbQagwcaJnUhmcyVLQHw+OYmIXrmfnTpaC7rlNJqDB5omNSFZDJX tgRuIw7BhyH82B25rEtKqzF4oGFSF5LJXNkSAA8//hNP/uSOJ3/qfa+FyMwI fvrEkt5v3VFajcEDDZO6kEzmypYARC594AP1fbvqkw998EN4Zka8evtpk3VH aTUGDzRM6kIymStbAhDxx218cVfujl9Z+zBDZkb8zMlcss4orcbggYZJXUgm c2VLACJxumjaY+OzyxCBSPNUZrLOKK3G4IGGSV1IJnNlSwAicZolGuzQzHjr ZxkB3vOR7Vx2EPQS26O0GoMHGiZ1IZnMlS0BiMRplshuuCC3/iB4oOGjm4Vk +ydL3Y5UtkdpNQYPNEzqQjKZK1sCEInTLJHtkWWr9xKBwMdKZ7J9k2l1fe7j U9PAdimt7gEPNEzqQjKZK1sCEInTLJHtkenxTzAEhtz5STPZfsm08nNXn3n4 mYef+flfWDQNbIfSZz8FHmj4xbqQTObKlgBE4jRLZHtk9sAvMQSG/PLjMtl+ Kckydn26dCbbIbd+FTzQ8GR9UQOTubIlAJE4zRLZHtmRE3czBIbc+Ukz2X7J jq0/gQeG3HUlMdncQPlD7yV6IPCZk4UWTObKlgBE4jRLZHuUbBwDDwQ+XaYm 2y+ZbX+W4L0f8ivLx0w2934Vj76RBvCRX30814LJXNkSgEicZolsjy4e/TWG zJzj1zdzyfZLeq58JyPAw28sP6dHFswWJNPR32QIeLj4bCozmStbAhCJ08z0 kiXVv8WQmcBv/06uBduvBRVXfpfAzIgzj11MNGen7vs9IjNDPrstk5nMlS0B iMSNLLUdSbp0ceNtv09kxsOpy6ls/+TWnwEPeHjDY0eKfMktFa6+Cp6ZEX+w lUtmMle2BCAyvDw9/vTKdU9n0/Nby3+I57rA6bXEZPsnS9Y+TGDGwx8dfXR7 +akT5eYfg2fGw5EqlZnJXNkSgMil5eVn1y/PVe5P/hQi/BkQ+fOjuQa2fwPl 2+8gAvfjPZ/7/F/85V/99d/8LXg8cI7XbeaSmclc2RIAD9eeuPdzc0+MmAnw d0DD328mJjsIsrR8Fw3g8UN2+YgHRlzbzkw2I3NlS+AVfBOZG4GtpnrEDsIF pc+vX6JhLjbDf8CPAnMjuHpiSS/YjMyVLQHw+PgS75nz5+AfH8hlB0X5iU/B KLLDe8+cH8E/XcllczJXtgRuyw8DXPvnL+Syg6P8fPYvEIL33OCHI7j24Foh 2yFz5Rkaf4sYh6EJzLy4tpzLDpLy1a3PMBObUbiuGTLz4tpyLtslc+Xridze tRdXNleWZAdLTo+uf/4T3OTav65sHluS3SBzR1teqbn7ri/+29V/33w+N9lB k+WHT37huTe95Yv/8Z+n/+u/J2//n4c2n89NtmdBtqLj2a0OVSeubJZnVaTS C3bgpCS3antzsyzvKE/WVz6uIpVesJcsyLKNw4de7vBidiTJC2eSrAuSLM2L 3KVpulTkziTZy8mSVzIzXWdd0dwLZqY5u5W+lIF1a2GgHQPr9Xq9Xq/X6/V6 vV6v1+v1er1er9fr9f4/+l/gb/P6mlKaIAAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoxNiswMDowMLknRncAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9k aWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MTYrMDA6MDDIev7LAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0 d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1i OjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6 SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw 6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAX dEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MTk2XaT3dgAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6 OlNpemUAMTUyOTNCQkBaV+sAAAA8dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3Rt cC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0pCLzgyXzE4OF8xMzcvNjAwLnBuZyUr+EoA AAAASUVORK5CYII= " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818602"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Filip Hrbacek</div><div class="author-popover-affiliations">Masaryk University</div><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/853545">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABX1BMVEVblflalPlalPhclflblfhWkvhWkfhYk/hZlPhZk/hXkvhU kPhQjfhPjfhSj/hTkPhTj/hdlvlQjvhwovn////+/v6ryftHiPhel/lclvlK ivjL3f3x9v70+P7z9/76+/7w9f5NjPjf6v3y9v7i7P1uofn9/v6tyvxFh/jY 5v3t8/5Mi/htoPn7/P6qyPtGiPjT4/38/f5Vkfjq8f5toflGh/jV4/3r8v79 /f7u9P5Li/j+/v/U4/2syfuzzvxChfhXk/iyzfw+gve1z/xFhvhgmPlDhvhE hvhfl/lalflUkfhJivi2z/xhmflLivjp8P6wzPw4fvdsoPlvovlimfns8v67 0/xqn/lrn/llm/nF2fxDhfi91Pz+///5+/680/zD2Pzj7f7l7v7m7/7h7P3h 6/3n7/73+v5IiPj6/P43fvcwefe0zvy40fzW5f3v9P5RjviuyvxJifhOjfgA AAA5NMQqAAAAAWJLR0R0322obQAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXOWB0Ch0AAAdySURB VHgB7cFtl93WWcfh/30P8XhUBOzwUzwWNS2U7Lpx3bBVKdrSqNj0UJ+jFkrb 0BZoeCjhoeWxwPdfC8eTsJZmNM4L+aWuS7vdbrfb7Xa73W632+12u91ut9vt drvd7gbz1zPTS2Z+zUwrzPyamd4I09nryfSS6TO/ZrrN9BnTm2Dyt17r3rlM Mt2/uHbfZLrt/sW1+3oTTH5+v3idi4sLmeniC79evvIb5ybTgpnOf7O89lvn ZqatPLz927xOxTsPLl0P69/hi48ePfrdL335vJBrwaTf+32+8ujRo69Uf1C6 TFt5KN/ldSJffXzpCg++xqfuFWeuBZPq97j25Scu01Yeyq9TxepOT/nG40tX eP8PeRpjTKSmkGvBpPqbPI0xPuW9Jy7TVh7KFirulHjn8aUrdB+QgIrYFHIt mFT3ZCAzjC7TVh7KFirgimrNU77x+NIVuokERGJTyLVgUt2TgcwwukxbeShb qLhT5FuPL12hm0hAJDaFXAsm1T0ZyAyjy7SVh7KFCrjiDt96cOkK3UQCIrEp 5Fowqe7JQGYYXaatPJQtVEDij56peH5Tcf/iQqbQTSQgEptCrgWT6p4MZIbR ZdrKQ9lCBST++Nve3LulOZeZQjeRgEhsCrkWTKp7MpAZRpdpKw9lCxWQOPzJ d3R2m0ym0E0kIBKbQq4Fk+qeDGSG0WXaykPZQgUkDi8ufYWZTKGbSEAkNoVc CybVPRnIDKPLtJWHsoUKSByOJ5+1xhS6iQREYlPItWBS3ZOBzDC6TFt5KFuo gMThePJZa0yhm0hAJDaFXAsm1T0ZyAyjy7SVh7KFCkgcjieftcYUuokERGJT yLVgUt2TgcwwukxbeShbqIDE4XjyWWtMoZtIQCQ2hVwLJtU9GcgMo8u0lYey hQpIHI4nn7XGFLqJBERiU8i1YFLdk4HMMLpMW3koW6iAxOF48llrTKGbSEAk NoVcCybVPRnIDKPLtJWHsoUKSByOJ5+1xhS6iQRE4ncL+Q3S93oykBlGl2kr D2ULFZA4vLj0W0wvmUI3kYBILO5fhlue9GQgM4wu01YeyhYqIPGn3Z+Fm85c L5lCN5GASPre998ub/n2n5OBzDC6TFt5KFuogMQPfviFt28ovyuXZArdRAIq nv7oRx/e9hc/JgOZYXSZtvJQtlABiZ+cv/vThb/86Yd/9ZZcMoVuIvG5MsPo Mm3loWyh4i5//bOTzzKFbiLxSrWKVzLD6DJt5aFsoWJd4qNnJ59lCt1E4hNX 1aor/gbIDKPLtJWHsoUKuKK65SkfPTv5LFPoJhKfKzOMLtNWHsoWKtYlPnp2 8lmm0E0k4IqrtKriCsgMo8u0lYeyhQq4oko5LeS/5e+enXyWKXQTic+VGUaX aSsPZQsVd/n7ZyefZQrdRAIq+Pk/fHzbP0YqIDOMLtNWHsoWKqDi0T/988dL P/+Xr/7i0meZQjeRgMgvX/zsFw9u+dePyUBmGF2mrTyULVRA4p1/+/6DG94v 5SaZQjeRgEh86zyc3fDw4diTgcwwukxbeShbqIDE4fF3zm54KNdLptBNJCAS m+JMt9Q9GcgMo8u0lYeyhQpIHI4n102ml0yhm0hAJDaF3JakuicDmWF0mbby ULZQAYnDi5PbTfqEKXQTCYjEppBrwaS6JwOZYXSZtvJQtlABicPx5LPWmEI3 kYBIbAq5FkyqezKQGUaXaSsPZQsVkDgcTz5rjSl0EwmIxKaQa8GkuicDmWF0 mbbyULZQAYnD8eSz1phCN5GASGwKuRZMqnsykBlGl2krD2ULFZA4HE8+a40p dBMJiMSmkGvBpLonA5lhdJm28lC2UAGJw/Hks9aYQjeRgEhsCrkWTKp7MpAZ RpdpKw9lCxWQOBxPPmuNKXQTCYjEppBrwaS6JwOZYXSZtvJQtlABicPx5LPW mEI3kYBIbAq5FkyqezKQGUaXaSsPZQsVkDgcTz5rjSl0EwmIxKaQa8GkuicD mWF0mbbyULZQAYnD8eSz1phCN5GASGwKuRZMqnsykBlGl2krD2ULFZA4HE8+ a40pdBMJiMSmkGvBpLonA5lhdJm28lC2UAGJw/Hks9aYQjeRgEhsCrkWTKp7 MpAZRpdpKw9lCxWQOBxPPmuNKXQTCYjEppBrwaS6JwOZYXSZtvJQtlABicPx 5LPWmEI3kYBIbAq5FkyqezKQGUaXaSsPZQsVkDgcTz5rjSl0H5CASGwKuRZM qnsykBlGl2krD+XXiTnG+Ev+/XjyWWtM4f2Jp1VVZVJTyLVgUv1NUlVVifee uExbeSg/5JWK/3hx8llrTOHBfxJ5pSnOXAsm1T+mAir+64nLtJWHX73Lo098 kf9+cOmz1pge/s8HXIvPC7kWTHrSc234X5dpK5MXvypfebu5L9Oq2XTuF8Xz 58+Lcz93mRZMOvfz4vnz58W5n5tMm5n84lMu0x1mU9Hce+Utl+kGMxX3rhWS 6Q0w/T/T3Uxnn5LpNtPZNZneDPNP2ay7mX/GtML8M6bdbrfb7Xa73W632+12 u91ut9vtdrvdbrf0fzcpXdInMWbFAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOmNyZWF0ZQAyMDI0 LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjI0KzAwOjAwoDdQvQAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTptb2RpZnkA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNCswMDowMNFq6AEAAAAgdEVYdHNvZnR3YXJl AGh0dHBzOi8vaW1hZ2VtYWdpY2sub3JnvM8dnQAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkRv Y3VtZW50OjpQYWdlcwAxp/+7LwAAABh0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpIZWln aHQANjAwet69tQAAABd0RVh0VGh1bWI6OkltYWdlOjpXaWR0aAA2MDDpL+3o AAAAGXRFWHRUaHVtYjo6TWltZXR5cGUAaW1hZ2UvcG5nP7JWTgAAABd0RVh0 VGh1bWI6Ok1UaW1lADE3MzIyMDYyMDRgLpNKAAAAEnRFWHRUaHVtYjo6U2l6 ZQA0MTgwQkJ5M1mhAAAAPHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAvbGV0 dGVyX2F2YXRhcnMvMi9GSC85MV8xNDlfMjQ5LzYwMC5wbme9YlaeAAAAAElF TkSuQmCC " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818603"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Henrique Zilhao</div><div class="author-popover-affiliations">Centre for Geographical Studies, Associate Laboratory TERRA, IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa</div><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/853546">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABvFBMVEVF0OJEz+JEz+FE0OJG0OJDz+FCz+E/zuFBz+E7zeA4zOA4 zN88zeA9zuBAzuFE0OHs+vz6/f7x+/zz/P3w+/z////Q8/cyy98+zuFJ0eL2 /P3y+/3v+/y77fQuyt5I0OIzy99z2+n+/v7c9vkwyt4+zuDf9/pH0OLH8fYq yd1I0eJy2+n5/f77/v79/v7a9fktyt78/v7E8PVx2+jF8Pb+///g9/rT8/h0 2+k1y9+J4ewmyN3R8/clyN1K0eIryd6T4+41zN9U0+R63erG8PYlx90oyN2i 5/A3zN9f1uZs2ej3/P257fSy6/P1/P0xy96s6vLd9vkpyd3C7/Usyd7Z9fkf xtw5zeA6zeB53eo2zN/e9vpd1uVb1eVW1OSf5vAnyN3i9/opyN2H4OxL0eJM 0eOR4+3X9PiW5O6C3+vj+Prh9/rM8vfV9PgYxNs0y9+m6PEvyt5i1+b+//7A 7/W27PP4/f5v2uhm2OdFz+Kz6/PH8PYtyd583upa1eXn+fsryd2L4exQ0uNF 0OFO0uOZ5e/m+Pve9vlZ1eUhx9zq+fv4/f30/P2M4u3B7/WS4+6+7vXb9vm/ 7vUAAADdq6fDAAAAAWJLR0ST4QPftgAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAXF7yiB9IAAAe/ SURBVHgB7cH7nyVHXcfhb39OnZneJDVksr6dNOKcWD2h7E6q6IJeAWMSgmHd IIoZVxMRMaAGERWiMd6i4gVvqKh/sT2zyZqeHXbymnN+7OexxWKxWCwWi8Vi sVgsFovFYrFYLBaLxWIxU+l9K7uE7lvZOX0YlW1pZffJHlTZfbIzMnc1k21n ZVq/zyq7aGVa37O3NpmZbL1/tdq0si1Upr0bjzx65pHH1qaVzchU33jk0TOP +LXJZOu99cFV6vWefWRl1yerDx4/fOLmzZs/xo8fOZPNyD3ZfPSjP3Hz5s2P 8ZPHG1XaPPVTBB4u0J44k12fXP104J6PH0eTzcj5yLnAT3e9pM3RMwQeLvDx 42iy65Or/bOknPMhnxiiyWbkvIOScz7kk10vaXP0KVLIDxMS7RBNdn1ytU9k oNAO0WQzcj5CABJj10vaHD1D5uEK7RBNdn1ytU9koNAO0WQzcj5CABJj10va HH2KFC6Tc+AWZwo/c+xMdn1ytU9koNAO0WQzcj5CABJj10vaHD1D4OEKnz6O kl2fXO0TGSi0QzTZjJyPEIDE2PWSNk99hh/hMBOYZGhuOK3s+uRqn8hAoR2i yWbkfIQAJMauVyVb76m+jD67gcAk87NdI9kW5GqfyEChHaLJZuR8hAAkxq5X ZbL1/mUOnnzuExQmhZ97Plpl25CrfSIDhXaIJpuR8xECkBi7XpWZzF3CXnjx c2QmGZ72TivbhlztExkotEM02YycjxCAxNj1qsxMl9m89HkITAI/f9zItiNX +0QGCu0QTTYj5yMEIDF2vSq7zEpu7+RxCpPCy1/YqLLtyNU+kYFCO0STzcj5 CAFIjF2vyi6l5vYvUJhk0p19J9uSXO0TGSi0QzTZjJyPEIDE2PWq7DJqjl6B AAT44kkj25Zc7RMZKLRDNNmMnI8QgMTY9arsEnL7L/0imUnhS883sq3J1T6R gUI7RJPNyPkIAUiMXa/KHlRpc/uXKEwKv/zlPSfbmlztExkotEM02YycjxCA xNj1quxBak6+SGAS4JWnNrLtydU+kYFCO0Rd5LyDACTGrldlD1D0NyAzKfzK c41sB+Rqn8hA4dWTF+JFzUEDAUiMXa/KLqosnv4qhUnh8btrk+2AXO0TGSj8 2q+/duei105ehwAkxq5XZRepGX6DzCTA57+yke2CXO0TGSj8ZvPV37roq197 BQKQGLtelV2g+PoaApPCb7/RyHZCrvaJzJUSY9ersjmZdZ+mMCl8/Rtmsp2Q q30iA7e4FS7FucTY9apsTs2Lv0NmEuB3X4uy3ZCrfSIDtwiX41xi7HpVNqPN nd+DwCTz5mkj2xG52icyV0qMXa/KPki2Hr5OYVL45nPOKtsRudonMhAI5VJw C0iMXa/KPkjN6e9TmGTYeyzKdkWu9onMlRJj16uyD9Dms1+DwCTwrbuNbGfk ap/IQCC9+gcP+va3IQCJsetV2f+Tq7/8MTKTwh8+H1XZzsjVPpGBwh/98cnx RSdvfAcCkBi7XpXdt9Lm9ncpTDLh9SedbHfkap/IQKF9a+Mu2uxvIACJsetV 2X1qjv4EAhD+lM+81ch2SK72iQwU2iHaRe7pCAFIjF2vyt4nt/+VZ8lMCm9/ YaPKdkiu9okMFNohmi5wPkIAEmPXq7L3VIq3/4zCJPPOdw6cVrZDcrVPZKDQ DtFkM3I+QgASY9ersveoeevPCUwC/MXRRn9puyRX+0QGCu0QTTYj5yMEIDF2 vSq7R/ExD5lJ4a+eb2S7JVf7RAYK7RBNNiPnIwQgMXa9Kjsnc6d/TWFSeOKt PZPtllztExkotEM02YycjxCAxNj1quycmnf/hswkwN++tJHtmFztExkotEM0 2YycjxCAxNj1quyM4msGgUnhu280sl2Tq30iA4V2iCabkfMRApAYu16VTWT2 4jcpTAp/9z2ZbNfkap/IQKEdoslm5HyEACTGrldlEzXf+3sykwD/8GjUP9qu ydU+kYFCO0STzcj5CAFIjF2vysy0ufNPEJhkvn+70aVWtg252icyUGiHaLIZ OR8hAImx61WZydbH/0xhUviXb0Rnl3Am24Zc7RMZKLRDNNmMnI8QgMTY9arM 1Jx+n8Ikw/qO6kutTbYFudonMlBoh2iyGTkfIQCJsetVfUSbo3+FAITMt/7t 4PUbl3lsf22y65OrfSIDhXaIJpuR8xECkBi7XpVcfeMJMpMA//7sD975wYPe +Q++NGy0smuTq30iA4V2iCabkfMRApAYu15Sc/yfJK6Q+a/TRpVdm1ztExko tEM02YycjxCAxNj1kpp3f0jizC3IP8Ih/33aqLJrk6t9IgOFdogmm5HzEQKQ GLteUnP3TRJXSLx92qiya5Or/SElhJD4nyGabEbOR8ghhEM+2fWSmrtvchiu cMj/njaq7Nrkap85k3l1iCabkfORc5mXu15Sc/eHFK5QePu0UWXXJqsPEve0 J9FkM3JPv8C5wMvvbiQ1x58jcIXA23cbrezaZKq1V5/ZU21a2YxMtepz6/We aSVb76m+0nq9Z7ItVKaD/XsOTCu7QKb999QmM5Pt7X8Itcm2Upl7n+xBMvce k52RuQ/BZFvSfZVdQvet7MxKH8rKFovFYrFYLBaLxWKxWCwWi8VisVgsFovF ff8HJKJzDoWK0ysAAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6Y3JlYXRlADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6 MjM6MjMrMDA6MDBlkG4zAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOm1vZGlmeQAyMDI0LTExLTIx VDE2OjIzOjIzKzAwOjAwFM3WjwAAACB0RVh0c29mdHdhcmUAaHR0cHM6Ly9p bWFnZW1hZ2ljay5vcme8zx2dAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6RG9jdW1lbnQ6OlBh Z2VzADGn/7svAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OkhlaWdodAA2MDB63r21 AAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OldpZHRoADYwMOkv7egAAAAZdEVYdFRo dW1iOjpNaW1ldHlwZQBpbWFnZS9wbmc/slZOAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6TVRp bWUAMTczMjIwNjIwM/5KBukAAAATdEVYdFRodW1iOjpTaXplADEwMDI2QkK7 ndDSAAAAPHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6VVJJAGZpbGU6Ly90bXAvbGV0dGVyX2F2YXRh cnMvMi9IWi82OV8yMDhfMjI2LzYwMC5wbmdTKu8AAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818604"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Hyoungseok Lee</div><div class="author-popover-affiliations">Korea Polar Research Institute</div><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/853547">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAABF1BMVEVF0OJE0OJEz+FEz+JDz+FCz+E9zuA4zOA4zN87zeA8zeBH 0OIyy9/E8PX////w+/zz/P3x+/z5/f7u+vxBz+E2zN/b9vn+/v7e9vlAzuHs +vz6/f7Q8/dG0OIuyt7T9Pg/zuHr+fs0y98+zuDf9/rN8vf9/v78/v77/v4x y9/n+fvq+fva9fktyt7P8vfo+fszy9/c9vkxy95J0eJI0OLp+fs3zN8kx9zm +PtY1OVc1uVb1eVc1eVN0uP///7+///+/v/i9/rj+Prd9vkqyd0vyt4cxdvj 9/rY9fgmyN30/P34/f74/f32/P1z2+k1zN913Ol02+nO8vfr+vvR8/c+zuHt +vx03Okwyt7P8/c1y9923OkAAABqAMT9AAAAAWJLR0Rc6tgAlwAAAAd0SU1F B+gLFRAXKX3DGnkAAAbwSURBVHgB7cFrn+VYWcbhe99Vle6Z1f6nGCLbZFih 7cCzssGcsAYFOamDB8ARlJPy/b8HNDU9muqi50X98i7XpcPhcDgcDofD4XA4 HA6Hw+FwOBwOh8Ph8MDJb1zpEVd+40qfufIbJ+3G+txJb7PesO6d9DlrL1e6 vrm+Z530tus3pJP+6CRfv6Er7eJkXVfPnr/27L0by9o4WTfvP3v+2rP3b04+ SVfyzXvPnr/27P1r+aQdWOnFX/DB7e3tlz78cl3L2rD0l1/hg9vb2w/Of/Xc smTVTfvRl25vbz/gqy+yrB1Yqfsan3nZZGvD0ou/5t6XX1mWnOv+zL2vd0nW DqzUfYOPIqIw9E22NixdvskQEQPfemVZcq6rDxki4iP+ZkyydmClbqIAQfRN tjYsXWYCCNrFsuRcVwMBFNYxydqBlbqJAgTRN9nasHSZKUDQLpYl57oaCKCw jknWDqzUTRQgiL7J1oaly0wBgnaxLDnX1UAAhXVMsnZgpW6iAEH0TbY2LF1m ChC0i2XJua4GAiisY5K1Ayt1EwUIom+ytWHpMlOAoF0sS851NRBAYR2TrB1Y qZsoQBB9k60NS5eZAgTtYllyrquBAArrmGTtwErdRAGC6JtsbVi6zBQgaBfL knNdDQRQWMckawdW6iYKEETfZGvD0mWmAEG7WJac62oggMI6Jlk7sFI3UYAg +iZbG5YuMwUI2sWy5FxXAwEU1jHJ2oGVuokCBNE32dqwdJkpQNAuliXnuhoI oLCOSdYOrNRNFCCIvsnWhqXLTAGCdrEsOdfVQACFdUyydmClbqIAQfRNtjYs XWYKELSLZcm5rgYCKKxjkrUDK3UTBQiib7K1YekyU4CgXSxLznU1EEBhHZOs HVipmyhAEH2TrQ1Ll5kCBO1iWXKuq4EACuuYZO3ASt1EAYLoG/kB6dszBQja xbLkXFcDARTWMcnagZW6iQIEUV//bXrg7u7VxxQgaBfLknNdDQRQWMckawdW 6iYKEJRvL8++89Dzv/t7ChC0i2XJua4GAiisY5K1Ayt1EwUIhu9+93v/8MD3 v/+DjwkgaBfLknNdDQRQWMckawdW6iYKXyhoF8uSc10NBFBYxyRrB1bqJgp/ cn7UD/kRELSLZcm5rgYCKKxjkrUDK3UThdd+fH4cPwKCdrEsOdfVQACFdUyy dmClbqLwhYJ2sSw519VAAIV1TLJ2YKVuogA/5lwedeYMBO1iWXKuq4EACuuY ZO3ASt1E4QsF7WJZcq6rgQAK65hk7cBK3UQBzvD1f/ynt/1zcAaCdrEsOdfV QACFdUyydmClbqIAwYeffPKT7qGf/Mu/UoCgXSxLznU1EEBhHZOsHVipmyhA EC9vUn4oLR9TgKBdLEvOdTUQQGEdk6wdWKmbKEAQfZP1lhczBQjaxbLkXFcD ARTWMcnagZW6iQIE0TfZD0iXmQIE7WJZcq6rgQAK65hk7cBK3UQBguibbG1Y uswUIGgXy5JzXQ0EUFjHJGsHVuomChBE32Rrw9JlpgBBu1iWnOtqIIDCOiZZ O7BSN1GAIPomWxuWLjMFCNrFsuRcVwMBFNYxydqBlbqJAgTRN9nasHSZKUDQ LpYl57oaCKCwjknWDqzUTRQgiL7J1oaly0wBgnaxLDnX1UAAhXVMsnZgpW6i AEH0TbY2LF1mChC0i2XJua4GAiisY5K1Ayt1EwUIom+ytWHpMlOAoF0sS851 NRBAYR2TrB1YqZsoQBB9k60NS5eZAgTtYllyrquBAArrmPwYPZWVuokCBNE3 2dqwdJkpQNAuliXnuhoIoLB2d3qM9URW6iYKEETfZGvD0mWmAEG7WJac62og gMJXPnH9CMt6Git1EwUIom+ytWHpMlOAoF0sS851NRBA4d/+vXrvbVVjWU9i pW6iAEH0TbY2LF1mChC0i2XJua4GAjjDT3/28wd+9vP/4NP/vPNJT2GlbqIA QfRNtjYsXWYKELSLZcm5rgaCd/jFcueTnsJK3UQBguibbG1YuswUIGgXy5Jz XQ0EcOYcjxj4dLnzSU9hpW6iAEH0TbY2LF1mChC0i2XJua4Ggj8r+OVy55Oe wkrdfzGcz+dC6ZtsbVi6fJPhfD4X/nuxLDnX1UeU858ThU+XO5/0FFbqfkXw J79usrVh6cXHnIEzv3llWXKuq+Adzvx2ufNJT2Gl3/0P96Kus7Vh6X9n7rXf sSxZdTPwTr9/deeTnuJk3fimfu3GtWVtnKTaN/VrN66tk2S59k39Dr65lvU0 J6t+ea+xrvTA6aTm5b1GOumPruTm5Ttdy3oyK39GV3qb8xtXunel/G6ynu7K n9Mj/H/0GX8RHQ6Hw+FwOBwOh8PhcDgcDofD4XA4HA6H/+cPIesIJlYYLtEA AAAldEVYdGRhdGU6Y3JlYXRlADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MjMrMDA6MDBl kG4zAAAAJXRFWHRkYXRlOm1vZGlmeQAyMDI0LTExLTIxVDE2OjIzOjIzKzAw OjAwFM3WjwAAACB0RVh0c29mdHdhcmUAaHR0cHM6Ly9pbWFnZW1hZ2ljay5v cme8zx2dAAAAGHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6RG9jdW1lbnQ6OlBhZ2VzADGn/7svAAAA GHRFWHRUaHVtYjo6SW1hZ2U6OkhlaWdodAA2MDB63r21AAAAF3RFWHRUaHVt Yjo6SW1hZ2U6OldpZHRoADYwMOkv7egAAAAZdEVYdFRodW1iOjpNaW1ldHlw ZQBpbWFnZS9wbmc/slZOAAAAF3RFWHRUaHVtYjo6TVRpbWUAMTczMjIwNjIw M/5KBukAAAASdEVYdFRodW1iOjpTaXplADQwNDFCQg9HpZ4AAAA8dEVYdFRo dW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3RtcC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0hMLzY5XzIw OF8yMjYvNjAwLnBuZzfP2fAAAAAASUVORK5CYII= " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><div class="author-popover" data-collab-id="1818605"><div class="author-popover-info"><div class="author-popover-name">Christian Hauck</div><a class="author-popover-orcid" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-6475" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/omniauth/orcid-ca37582cd91a671ed5cec57770e0e96c01b4b79b8b5b75d8598fc1ddac18c974.svg" /></a><div class="author-popover-affiliations">University of Fribourg</div><a class="author-popover-profile" href="/users/398534">Author Profile</a></div><div class="author-popover-avatar"><img src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAACFlBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8Z8q8aMu8acu4Xse1WMWzVMSyUsOy UcO1V8W3XMe6YsmxUMLFfNLNjtjSmdzUnt3Un97SmtzNj9jGgNO+bc22W8ay UMO5YcizU8S0VcTDd9DdsuT69fv////9/P7oy+3JhtW5YMi2WcbKiNb37vn+ /v7+/f7YqOGzU8O7Z8q+bMz05vbLi9ewTcK6Y8mwTMHRmNv+/P7kw+qxT8Ld s+Xu2vLds+T9/P3r0u+vTMH+/v/nyeznyu3y4/X9+v3arOKwTsK7ZMnAcM7/ /v/58frPk9q2Wsbv3PO/cM316vfcr+OwTcG8Z8u5YsmuScDKh9Xx3/TPk9nO kdmtR7/DedD8+PyuSMC9asuvS8Hs1PDLidbz5PW6Zcn9+/23Xsfx4PTCdc+1 WcXXpuDIhNS0VsW3Xce9a8zBcs7mx+uxTsK6ZMrTm9zy4vX79vu0VsTaq+L1 6Pfu2fLv3PLv2/Ls1fDDeNDhu+fPlNrHgNPTnN3VoN7Wo9/Bc8/BdM/CdtDS mdvEe9HMjNe3XMbozO24X8i4YMjCdM/v2vLZqeH68/v37/m9acvu2PHZquHz 4/W+bczGfdL27PizVcTnyuz26/i1Wcb79/zWpN/z5fb8+v3Qldr///7ivujF e9HGf9LSm9zr0/D8+f348Pr58vrlxev05/fq0e/mxuvAcc7XpeDpzu7jwenO kNgAAABxQnomAAAAAWJLR0SxNGOeUgAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAYAlbn//YAAAUq SURBVHgB7cHpY1RXHcfh3/nee5LJTJZSEU0CtJ9Tm/YcMsUmHceFolBqdWg1 sbhSxSgqQYLaVmmUGqIVW6rirnXfte5/oncSSgK+vzMvzvNYlmVZlmVZlmVZ lmVZlmVZlmVZlg07t8WGiNMtnA0DVawovR8Z8b4sTBUbNCdZ6TXaGGu2Ws2x 8YnJ0pskGyyZt8bU+Mgde+583d7X73vDG6dnxmZ9IdkASaXtP3Dwrru5Kdzz ptGpe71kAyPzc8377qcSU6ikSN+hifm2yQZEVsw8cBhiSDGyJcYUEvDmBxcK 2UDIbPEhSClyq9SBt3RnC9kAyGzxrZDYElOodFKkL3V429RCIaudrFh8OynS lxI3xBDpewdHHi5MVjf5qTtJEY4SE3D4yDvfdeTYcYiRCHR45ISXs1o9qrLx bog8dpQYec97J5rdEye6zd4dJyFyFCI83mvLWZ1kGnuCDjxGhPe9f/9sseT9 UrHc+MCTEKkETnULk9VI8s0PkqhE+NCHzZupYlaOLB6ECET4SKOU1Ug22fso iUri0MdOm3acfmoviUrg491Ssto4+bFPkKgkzjzVNn3SbnCyycYKCYjET82a rDayYv7TJCDC2c+Ush2Sn/osAYiRz50rZbVRsXoeItDhTLeQbIdT2fs8RCBw Yc3rotXEyc/vI1FJfGHey9kustnR46x0Quc4X2wVJquJVLbuIQARNFrIdpMV 80+wbWVi0mQ1kS3MfYkEJO5/WibbTSrOPfPsl79y6dKlUydt1mQ1UTHqIQKB 57pLkt1CssbUTN/U/LJJVhOVc+vECAS+2vVydhsV5ba2yeri5J9+kkQl8dCY l7Pb6DUmq42Tn/8aHSBGLo+Xsv+j1zirjZNvPU8AYuTgXCkbCk4jM18nABHO 9tqyoeDkWxsEIMKV6bZsKDj5mQ0CEGFzui0bCk5+ZoMARNicbsuGgpOf2SAA Ea5Mt2VDwcm3NghAhM1eWzYUnEZaewlAhG/0StlQcPLNbxKAGHmhUcqGgpMf 20MCYuJbB5bk7DbaYfVROX6ZGIEOj7S8nN1GRdnuK9smq42Kq49DBALfPuEl u5Xsxd62aZmsLrLZlyIR6HCsWZhsNye79/z65rVr1zbPri/IZDWR2dizJCBx fGLZZLvJ2s2XuWFy1mQ1kfzMdwhAhPVGKWe7yBYa3yUBie+dk8nqorLxAjEC gQtrXrIdTsXqdYiVwPe7pWR1kS2vrpCARGjMmmzHRfn5PSQqHX7Q8nJWF8lP 3UWgknjmweuyHbKi9UMSEOFHVwtZfVRMPwARiGA9L8mZmVPl+v4fQwQSP/mp maw+Utn6GYFK4ufNq9dNN9jpVxq/IFFJ/LLlddHq41RMj0CkkvjV1Zll78uy 9L6c7a4eJlFJ/Hp82WR1elR+6hCBvgT75qbmxxvjB1qt1d9A4rdA4vmml6xW soXmMQJ9CeLv9lz+/R/u++OfgERf4ORiYbKaqb06ukKgLyVuSom+wJ+nXyxk tZNv+EiI9KXQSTGmECJ9MUD5SikbAPnx5b8QO5EtMUa2xU7krwvjXjYQWppo /g1iSJGbYgrAhfmrS7IBUXvh4fVXqXRC6KTUCSFROXNwcbItGxiZb3TX/77C Lnf/45/dhjfZAEll0VibvvKvf1868+rhU8/957/nG2u9opRsoCQr/XKvuTbT bDZb3bUDE/Jtk2zAnCRre18WRdH23hcmydngOW2xirY4GxZO25yzLMuyLMuy LMuyLMuyLMuyLMuyLBti/wPtUuo2dDppxwAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyNDowMSswMDowMFL2Yx4AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9k aWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjQ6MDErMDA6MDAjq9uiAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0 d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1i OjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6 SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw 6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAX dEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MjQxdCiiwQAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6 OlNpemUAMTQyNDJCQniuNqQAAAA8dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3Rt cC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0MvMTg3XzEwMV8yMDIvNjAwLnBuZ/lJyZEA AAAASUVORK5CYII= " /></div><div class="author-popover-arrow" data-popper-arrow=""></div></div><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { let popperInstance = null; const authors = document.querySelectorAll('.preview-author-name') const popperOptions = { placement: 'bottom', modifiers: [{ name: 'flip', enabled: false, }, { name: 'offset', options: { offset: [0, 12] } }] } function showPopover (author, popover) { popover.setAttribute('data-show', '') popperInstance = Popper.createPopper(author, popover, popperOptions) } function hidePopover () { if (!popperInstance) return const el = document.querySelector('.author-popover[data-show]') if (!el) return el.removeAttribute('data-show') popperInstance.destroy() popperInstance = null } authors.forEach(author => { const id = author.getAttribute('data-collab-id') const popover = document.querySelector(`.author-popover[data-collab-id="${id}"]`) author.addEventListener('click', () => { if (popperInstance) { hidePopover() } showPopover(author, popover) }) }) document.addEventListener('click', (e) => { if (!popperInstance) return const container = document.querySelector('.preview-author-list') if (container.contains(e.target)) return hidePopover() }) })</script><div class="article-paragraph preview-abstract"><h2 class="preview-abstract-heading">Abstract</h2><div> Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a geophysical technique that is often used to characterize and monitor permafrost. Automated ERT (A-ERT) systems enable the collection of temporally dense datasets without the need for repeated site visits. So far, only a few A-ERT systems have been deployed in permafrost environments. We present the results of an A-ERT system installed on King George Island, Antarctica. The system withstood the harsh Antarctic environment and collected resistivity data four times a day for a full year in 2022-2023. Resistivity data captured seasonal freezing and thawing, as well as short-term meteorological events. Resistivity was used to estimate changes in unfrozen water content, and co-located temperature and soil moisture data were used to assess relationships between resistivity, soil moisture, and temperature. This work showcases the ability of A-ERT systems to monitor permafrost and soil moisture dynamics and contributes a unique dataset to global permafrost monitoring efforts.</div></div><div class="review-timeline"><div class="dashboard-container"><div class="publication-status-footer"><h4 class="header">Preprint timeline</h4></div><div class="events-container"><div class="version-container"><div class="entry"><span class="bar"></span><span class="indicator"></span><span class="time-box"><span>08 Nov 2024</span></span><span class="message">Submitted to <b><i>ESS Open Archive </i></b> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="/inst/20904"><i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></span></div><div class="entry"><span class="bar"></span><span class="indicator"></span><span class="time-box"><span>09 Nov 2024</span></span><span class="message">Published in <b><i>ESS Open Archive </i></b></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="preview-publication-status"></div></div></div> <div id="article-content"> </div> </div>  <div style="clear: both"></div>  <div id='article-sidebar-portal'></div> <script> initialServerStore = {"article":{"titleBlock":{"block_content":null,"type":"htmlBlock","html":"Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with\nAutomated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island,\nAntarctica","render_report":null,"raw":"Continuous Monitoring of Permafrost and Active Layer Dynamics with\nAutomated Electrical Resistivity Tomography on King George Island,\nAntarctica","name":"title","format":"html","url":"/users/853541/articles/1239046/master/file/title.html","folder_url":"/users/853541/articles/1239046/master/folder/.","path":"title.html","old_path":null,"collapsed":false,"sha":"17b63c227950ab220e495508ffada21ef0e310b6","captionBlock":null,"has_data":false,"has_ipython_notebook":false,"config":null},"id":1239046,"sha":"8e82bc065aba8fc06859291f212717bbc9058cb7","blocks":[],"oldBlocks":[],"oldLayout":null,"online":true,"layout":"abstract.html\ndata/1012883_0_merged_1730767164/1012883_0_merged_1730767164.pdf\ndata/GRL Herring et al updated/GRL Herring et al updated.docx\n","references":[],"referenceSorting":{"key":"default","ascending":true},"citationHash":{},"commits":null,"version":0},"commitToView":"8e82bc065aba8fc06859291f212717bbc9058cb7","commentToView":null,"onboarding":false} initialFlashMessagesForReact = [] </script> <script src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/editable_article_manifest_react-ddeeb8194703aca81267c69ccb1330a3afea795f89456883e9fb9d4f9047c520.js" defer="defer"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.11.1/katex.min.css"/> <meta id='katexmin' class='katex'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#katexmin') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('font-family') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "katex.min.0.11.1.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/katex.min.0.11.1.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script>  <div id="squire-cleaner" style="width: 0px; height: 0px; display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="marketing-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="span12"> <div class="footer-logo"> <div class="paid-institution-footer"> <strong>ESS Open Archive </strong> <p>| Powered by <strong><a href="https://www.authorea.com/"> Authorea.com </a></strong></p> </div> <div class= "inst-footer"> <a target="blank" href="https://www.agu.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/17/image/1444bc1906abd91c131276b1777bc07e.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.agronomy.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/18/image/cb7906734564497de0a3f31437041a3a.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.aslo.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/19/image/2ba7b49d4e9ebfb8d6a63594e4a197bc.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.crops.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/20/image/5f09f3ba01ee824640618b4fab647408.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.esa.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/21/image/0a84fb71c769d225d2f482e5694749f9.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.soils.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/24/image/07d8633dd99ed1c0623537c2f2bd3c3f.png" /></a> </div> </div> <ul class="links"> <li><a href="/"><strong>Home</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/advisory-board">Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/editorial-board">Editorial Board</a></li> <li><a href="/submission-guide">Submission Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/faqs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="shareFlashModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="shareFlashModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel"></h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div id="flash_messages"> </div> <div class="shareFlash__options-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="shareFlash__cancel" data-dismiss="modal" onClick="window.location.reload();">OK</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>