Supreme Court Weighs In On Trademark Protection for Generic Terms Combined with Generic Top-Level Domains

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" /> </div> <div class="page"> <div class="pageheader"> <a class="pageheaderlogolink" href="/"> <img class="pageheaderlogo" src="/images/pageheaderlogo.png" alt="Baker Donelson" /></a> <button type="button" class="pageheaderbtn pageheaderbtn-menu noprint" title="Menu"><i class="fa fa-bars base" aria-hidden="true"></i><i class="fa fa-close active" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="pageheaderbtn-label">Menu</span></button> <div class="pagenav noprint"> <div class="pagenav-listbox pagenav-heightfit"> <ul class="pagenav-list-primary"> <li> <a class="pagenav-list-primary__link" href="/professionals" rel="navbios">Professionals<span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span></a> <div class="pagenav-flybox pagenav-heightfit" id="navbios"> <div class="pagenav-fly pagenav-fly-bios"> <div class="sharedform-bd"> <label for="ctlNav_TxtSearchInput" class="sr-only">Name / Keyword</label> <input name="ctl00$mp$ctlNav$TxtSearchInput" type="text" id="ctlNav_TxtSearchInput" class="pagenav-bios-keywords" data-search-field="q" PlaceHolder="Name / Keywords" /> <label for="ctlNav_DDLOffice" class="sr-only">Office</label> <select name="ctl00$mp$ctlNav$DDLOffice" id="ctlNav_DDLOffice" data-search-field="office"> <option value="-1">Office</option> <option value="12869">Atlanta</option> <option value="28693">Baltimore</option> <option value="12874">Baton Rouge</option> <option value="12870">Birmingham</option> <option value="52820">Charleston</option> <option value="56937">Charlotte</option> <option value="12867">Chattanooga</option> <option value="19612">Columbia</option> <option value="54690">Dallas</option> <option value="28542">Falls Church</option> <option value="12855">Fort Lauderdale</option> <option value="12872">Houston</option> <option value="12866">Jackson</option> <option value="12857">Johnson City (Tri-Cities)</option> <option value="12865">Knoxville</option> <option value="12863">Macon</option> <option value="12862">Mandeville</option> <option value="12860">Memphis</option> <option value="12861">Memphis (East)</option> <option value="12859">Nashville</option> <option value="12858">New Orleans</option> <option value="12868">Orlando</option> <option value="49553">Raleigh/Research Triangle</option> <option value="58774">The Connective (Virtual Office)</option> <option value="12856">Washington, D.C.</option> </select> <label for="ctlNav_DDLPractice" class="sr-only">Practice</label> <select name="ctl00$mp$ctlNav$DDLPractice" id="ctlNav_DDLPractice" data-search-field="practice"> <option value="-1">Practice</option> <option value="37155">340B Drug Pricing Program</option> <option value="48497">Academic Medical Centers</option> <option value="34602">Adjustment of Status</option> <option value="12973">Admiralty and Maritime</option> <option value="20572">Advice and Counsel</option> <option value="32299">Affordable Housing </option> <option value="45051">Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) </option> <option value="16605">Ambulatory Surgery Centers</option> <option value="16608">Antitrust – Health Care</option> <option value="12972">Antitrust and Competition Law</option> <option value="16564">Appellate Practice</option> <option value="16676">Appropriations</option> <option value="54813">Artificial Intelligence</option> <option value="16656">Asset Based Finance</option> <option value="16619">Audits</option> <option value="16655">Automotive</option> <option value="16665">Automotive Finance</option> <option value="20360">Aviation</option> <option value="38018">Baker Women</option> <option value="16646">Bankruptcy and Commercial Restructuring</option> <option value="40468">Behavioral Health and Substance Use Disorders</option> <option value="56426">Biometrics</option> <option value="16623">Biotechnology, Chemical and Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="51858">Blockchain and Digital Assets Technology</option> <option value="12969">Broker-Dealer/Investment Adviser</option> <option value="12942">Business and Corporate</option> <option value="16578">Business Succession Planning</option> <option value="16679">Cannabis Law and Regulation</option> <option value="16675">Capital Raising Services</option> <option value="16559">Class & Collective Actions</option> <option value="16541">Clinical Integration, Accountable Care Organizations and Value-Based Payments</option> <option value="16531">CMBS Special Servicers</option> <option value="16568">Commercial and Retail Insolvency</option> <option value="33052">Commercial Finance</option> <option value="16557">Commercial/Business Litigation</option> <option value="16622">Compliance Counseling</option> <option value="16587">Condominium Practice</option> <option value="12963">Construction</option> <option value="16563">Construction (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="58723">Construction Disaster Relief</option> <option value="12976">Consumer Lending</option> <option value="16647">Copyright Litigation</option> <option value="30343">Copyright, Media and Entertainment</option> <option value="32199">Corporate and Regulatory</option> <option value="16624">Corporate Finance</option> <option value="16574">Corporate Formations, Acquisitions and Other Business Transactions</option> <option value="20359">Corporate Governance</option> <option value="16668">Corporate Services</option> <option value="56496">Corporate Transparency Act</option> <option value="16590">Cosmetics</option> <option value="12949">Cross-Border Business</option> <option value="29937">Cross-Border Business Team: Austria, Germany and Switzerland</option> <option value="20350">Cross-Border Business Team: China</option> <option value="35103">Cross-Border Business Team: Italy</option> <option value="43318">Cross-Border Business Team: Japan</option> <option value="47496">Data Incident Response</option> <option value="16632">Data Protection, Privacy and Cybersecurity</option> <option value="47607">Data Protection: Financial Services</option> <option value="47567">Data Protection: Payment Card Industry Security</option> <option value="16536">Dialysis Centers</option> <option value="52839">Digital Health</option> <option value="16555">Directors and Officers Litigation</option> <option value="12945">Disaster Recovery and Government Services</option> <option value="38082">Diversity & Inclusion</option> <option value="16553">Drug, Device and Life Sciences</option> <option value="29012">Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics and Supplies </option> <option value="16653">Economic Development</option> <option value="16570">Economic Development – Inbound/Real Estate</option> <option value="16671">eDiscovery, Document Review and Investigation Services</option> <option value="51976">Electric Vehicle and Infrastructure</option> <option value="12957">Emerging Companies</option> <option value="12962">Eminent Domain</option> <option value="16585">Employee Benefits and ERISA Litigation</option> <option value="12961">Employee Benefits and Executive Compensation</option> <option value="16616">EMTALA</option> <option value="16618">Energy and Petroleum</option> <option value="16643">Energy Default and Restructure</option> <option value="16569">Energy Finance</option> <option value="16542">Environment and Energy</option> <option value="50954">Environment, Social and Governance (ESG)</option> <option value="12925">Environmental, Sustainability, and Product Stewardship</option> <option value="16610">Equipment Leasing and Finance</option> <option value="16615">Exempt Organizations – Health Care</option> <option value="16649">Exempt Organizations and Nonprofits</option> <option value="12974">FDA Regulatory and Compliance</option> <option value="12954">Federal Aerospace and Defense Policy</option> <option value="52690">Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs)</option> <option value="12979">Financial Services</option> <option value="39022">Financial Services Class Actions</option> <option value="16644">Financial Services Litigation</option> <option value="16597">Financing Long Term Care Facilities</option> <option value="48131">Food Safety & Regulation</option> <option value="51168">Franchise and Distribution</option> <option value="16588">Franchising – Health Care</option> <option value="35243">Fraud and Abuse Counseling</option> <option value="35110">GDPR</option> <option value="12986">Government Contracts</option> <option value="16562">Government Contracts (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="12958">Government Enforcement and Investigations</option> <option value="12950">Government Relations and Public Policy</option> <option value="16530">Health Care Bankruptcy and Distress</option> <option value="55084">Health Care Discrimination Litigation and Compliance</option> <option value="16678">Health Care Enforcement Actions and Investigations</option> <option value="16540">Health Care Policy</option> <option value="58982">Health Care Regulatory</option> <option value="59073">Health Care Transactions</option> <option value="16620">Health Information Technology</option> <option value="28292">Health Law</option> <option value="16607">Health Systems/Hospitals</option> <option value="16606">HIPAA</option> <option value="29013">Home Health and Hospice Organizations</option> <option value="51167">Hospitality</option> <option value="56875">Hospital-Owned SNFs and Hospital-Affiliated SNFs</option> <option value="16601">HUD-Insured Financing</option> <option value="31637">Immigration</option> <option value="16561">Immigration (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="16681">Infrastructure and Surface Transportation</option> <option value="12966">Insurance Regulatory</option> <option value="12953">Intellectual Property</option> <option value="16565">Intellectual Property (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="12927">Intellectual Property and Technology Litigation</option> <option value="16576">International Arbitration and Dispute Resolution</option> <option 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and Acquisition Financial Services</option> <option value="12967">Mergers and Acquisitions</option> <option value="16662">Motor Carrier</option> <option value="45078">Neutrals</option> <option value="16579">OFCCP/Affirmative Action Plans</option> <option value="16672">Office Developments</option> <option value="12977">Oil and Gas</option> <option value="57835">Organ Donation and Transplant</option> <option value="16573">OSHA</option> <option value="16595">OTC and Prescription Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="16650">Patent Litigation</option> <option value="16642">Patent Post Grant Proceedings</option> <option value="12980">Patent Prosecution</option> <option value="29014">Pharmacies</option> <option value="16592">Physicians Organizations Regulatory Issues</option> <option value="16572">Policies and Training</option> <option value="16666">Premises Liability</option> <option value="12941">Private Equity</option> <option value="12981">Pro Bono</option> <option value="16549">Product Liability, Class Action and Mass Tort</option> <option value="16548">Professional Liability</option> <option value="12932">Public Finance</option> <option value="16545">Public Hospitals and Health Systems</option> <option value="38950">Qualified Opportunity Zone Fund Investments</option> <option value="16635">Railroad</option> <option value="12935">Real Estate</option> <option value="16637">Real Estate Finance</option> <option value="16534">Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)</option> <option value="44444">Real Estate Litigation</option> <option value="16657">Reductions in Force</option> <option value="16669">Regulatory and Compliance Services</option> <option value="16591">Reimbursement</option> <option value="12968">Residential Mortgage Lending and Servicing</option> <option value="16677">Restrictive Covenants</option> <option value="16673">Retail and Mixed Use</option> <option value="12964">Securities</option> <option value="12947">Securities Litigation</option> <option value="16603">Seniors Housing and Long Term Care</option> <option value="55970">Space</option> <option value="58107">Special Section: <em>Chevron</em> Doctrine</option> <option value="16544">Specialty Pharmacies and Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="16661">State and Local Tax</option> <option value="12934">State Public Policy Advocacy</option> <option value="12936">Tax</option> <option value="16558">Tax (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="35851">Tax Controversy </option> <option value="39033">TCPA</option> <option value="12970">Technology</option> <option value="12926">Telecommunications</option> <option value="30998">Telehealth</option> <option value="12928">The Daschle Group</option> <option value="12971">The Howard Baker Forum</option> <option value="16641">Trade Secret Litigation</option> <option value="16609">Trademark and Branding</option> <option value="16645">Trademark and Unfair Competition Litigation</option> <option value="12937">Transportation and 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class="sr-only">Practice</label> <select name="ctl00$mp$ctlNav$DDLPracticeExp" id="ctlNav_DDLPracticeExp" data-search-field="practice"> <option value="-1">Practice</option> <option value="37155">340B Drug Pricing Program</option> <option value="48497">Academic Medical Centers</option> <option value="34602">Adjustment of Status</option> <option value="12973">Admiralty and Maritime</option> <option value="20572">Advice and Counsel</option> <option value="32299">Affordable Housing </option> <option value="45051">Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) </option> <option value="16605">Ambulatory Surgery Centers</option> <option value="16608">Antitrust – Health Care</option> <option value="12972">Antitrust and Competition Law</option> <option value="16564">Appellate Practice</option> <option value="16676">Appropriations</option> <option value="54813">Artificial Intelligence</option> <option value="16656">Asset Based Finance</option> <option value="16619">Audits</option> <option 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Sciences</option> <option value="29012">Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics and Supplies </option> <option value="16653">Economic Development</option> <option value="16570">Economic Development – Inbound/Real Estate</option> <option value="16671">eDiscovery, Document Review and Investigation Services</option> <option value="51976">Electric Vehicle and Infrastructure</option> <option value="12957">Emerging Companies</option> <option value="12962">Eminent Domain</option> <option value="16585">Employee Benefits and ERISA Litigation</option> <option value="12961">Employee Benefits and Executive Compensation</option> <option value="16616">EMTALA</option> <option value="16618">Energy and Petroleum</option> <option value="16643">Energy Default and Restructure</option> <option value="16569">Energy Finance</option> <option value="16542">Environment and Energy</option> <option value="50954">Environment, Social and Governance (ESG)</option> <option value="12925">Environmental, Sustainability, and Product Stewardship</option> <option value="16610">Equipment Leasing and Finance</option> <option value="16615">Exempt Organizations – Health Care</option> <option value="16649">Exempt Organizations and Nonprofits</option> <option value="12974">FDA Regulatory and Compliance</option> <option value="12954">Federal Aerospace and Defense Policy</option> <option value="52690">Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs)</option> <option value="12979">Financial Services</option> <option value="39022">Financial Services Class Actions</option> <option value="16644">Financial Services Litigation</option> <option value="16597">Financing Long Term Care Facilities</option> <option value="48131">Food Safety & Regulation</option> <option value="51168">Franchise and Distribution</option> <option value="16588">Franchising – Health Care</option> <option value="35243">Fraud and Abuse Counseling</option> <option value="35110">GDPR</option> <option value="12986">Government Contracts</option> <option value="16562">Government Contracts (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="12958">Government Enforcement and Investigations</option> <option value="12950">Government Relations and Public Policy</option> <option value="16530">Health Care Bankruptcy and Distress</option> <option value="55084">Health Care Discrimination Litigation and Compliance</option> <option value="16678">Health Care Enforcement Actions and Investigations</option> <option value="16540">Health Care Policy</option> <option value="58982">Health Care Regulatory</option> <option value="59073">Health Care Transactions</option> <option value="16620">Health Information Technology</option> <option value="28292">Health Law</option> <option value="16607">Health Systems/Hospitals</option> <option value="16606">HIPAA</option> <option value="29013">Home Health and Hospice Organizations</option> <option value="51167">Hospitality</option> <option value="56875">Hospital-Owned SNFs and Hospital-Affiliated SNFs</option> <option value="16601">HUD-Insured Financing</option> <option value="31637">Immigration</option> <option value="16561">Immigration (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="16681">Infrastructure and Surface Transportation</option> <option value="12966">Insurance Regulatory</option> <option value="12953">Intellectual Property</option> <option value="16565">Intellectual Property (Cross-Border Business)</option> <option value="12927">Intellectual Property and Technology Litigation</option> <option value="16576">International Arbitration and Dispute Resolution</option> <option value="16633">International Trade and National Security</option> <option value="12951">Labor & Employment</option> <option value="16660">Labor & Employment – Health Care</option> <option value="16550">Labor & Employment Litigation</option> <option value="16580">Labor Law</option> <option value="16680">Land Conservation and Real Estate</option> <option value="12944">Legal Project 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Booking.yeah! Supreme Court Weighs In On Trademark Protection for Generic Terms Combined with Generic Top-Level Domains</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pagestrip pagestrip-darkbg pagestrip-article-type" data-lazybg="/images/corepage/114104_image2.jpg"> <div class="sg-pagewidth"> <div class="pagestrip-section"><i class="ci-48" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="ci-icon" role='img' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#ci-shape-publications" xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'></use></svg></i><span>Publications</span></div> <h1 class="pagestrip-title">Booking.com? Booking.yeah! Supreme Court Weighs In On Trademark Protection for Generic Terms Combined with Generic Top-Level Domains</h1> <div class='pagestrip-article-date'>July 1, 2020</div> <div class="sharedsocialbar noprint"> <div class="sharedsocialbar-label">Share</div> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_32x32_style"> <a class="addthis_button_linkedin at300b" data-sga-action="media-share-linkedin" data-sga-label="linkedin" target="_blank" title="LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.bakerdonelson.com%2fbookingcom-bookingyeah-supreme-court-weighs-in-on-trademark-protection-for-generic-terms-combined-with-generic-top-level-domains"><span class="at-icon-wrapper" style="background-color: rgb(0, 119, 181); line-height: 32px; height: 32px; width: 32px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 32 32" version="1.1" role="img" aria-labelledby="at-svg-linkedin-1" title="LinkedIn" alt="LinkedIn" class="at-icon at-icon-linkedin" style="width: 32px; height: 32px;"><title id="at-svg-linkedin-1">LinkedIn</title><g><path d="M26 25.963h-4.185v-6.55c0-1.56-.027-3.57-2.175-3.57-2.18 0-2.51 1.7-2.51 3.46v6.66h-4.182V12.495h4.012v1.84h.058c.558-1.058 1.924-2.174 3.96-2.174 4.24 0 5.022 2.79 5.022 6.417v7.386zM8.23 10.655a2.426 2.426 0 0 1 0-4.855 2.427 2.427 0 0 1 0 4.855zm-2.098 1.84h4.19v13.468h-4.19V12.495z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a> <a class="addthis_button_twitter at300b" data-sga-action="media-share-twitter" data-sga-label="twitter" title="Twitter" href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.bakerdonelson.com%2fbookingcom-bookingyeah-supreme-court-weighs-in-on-trademark-protection-for-generic-terms-combined-with-generic-top-level-domains"><span class="at-icon-wrapper" style="background-color: rgb(29, 161, 242); line-height: 32px; height: 32px; width: 32px;"><img src="/images/twitter-x.svg" class="media-twitter-x" /></span></a> <a class="addthis_button_facebook at300b" data-sga-action="media-share-facebook" data-sga-label="facebook" title="Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3a%2f%2fwww.bakerdonelson.com%2fbookingcom-bookingyeah-supreme-court-weighs-in-on-trademark-protection-for-generic-terms-combined-with-generic-top-level-domains"><span class="at-icon-wrapper" style="background-color: rgb(59, 89, 152); line-height: 32px; height: 32px; width: 32px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 32 32" version="1.1" role="img" aria-labelledby="at-svg-facebook-3" title="Facebook" alt="Facebook" class="at-icon at-icon-facebook" style="width: 32px; height: 32px;"><title id="at-svg-facebook-3">Facebook</title><g><path d="M22 5.16c-.406-.054-1.806-.16-3.43-.16-3.4 0-5.733 1.825-5.733 5.17v2.882H9v3.913h3.837V27h4.604V16.965h3.823l.587-3.913h-4.41v-2.5c0-1.123.347-1.903 2.198-1.903H22V5.16z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a> <a class="social_button_email" data-sga-action="media-share-email" data-sga-label="email" href="mailto:?Body="> <span class="at-icon-wrapper" style="background-color: #fff; line-height: 32px; height: 32px; width: 32px;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 32 32" version="1.1" role="img" aria-labelledby="at-svg-email-4" title="Email" alt="Email" class="at-icon at-icon-email" style="width: 32px; height: 32px;"><title id="at-svg-email-4">Email</title><g><g fill-rule="evenodd"></g><path d="M27 22.757c0 1.24-.988 2.243-2.19 2.243H7.19C5.98 25 5 23.994 5 22.757V13.67c0-.556.39-.773.855-.496l8.78 5.238c.782.467 1.95.467 2.73 0l8.78-5.238c.472-.28.855-.063.855.495v9.087z"></path><path d="M27 9.243C27 8.006 26.02 7 24.81 7H7.19C5.988 7 5 8.004 5 9.243v.465c0 .554.385 1.232.857 1.514l9.61 5.733c.267.16.8.16 1.067 0l9.61-5.733c.473-.283.856-.96.856-1.514v-.465z"></path></g></svg></span> </a> <a class="sharedsocialbar-imitator" href="/epc/getstddoc.aspx?mediaid=44797" title="Print Version" rel="nofollow" data-sga-action="media-share-print" data-sga-label="print"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pagebodymain"> <div class="pagebodycols"> <div class="sg-pagewidth"> <div class="pagebodycols-banner"> </div> <div class="sg-row sg-row-pad"> <div class="sg-col-lg-8"> <div class="pagebodycol-main"> <div class="wb-content"> <div class='sharedbody-intro'><p class="MsoBodyText">By an 8-1 vote, in <em>United States Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B.V.</em>, 591 U.S. ____ (2020), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the addition of a generic top-level domain such as ".com" to an otherwise generic term may nevertheless be protectable under trademark law if consumers do not perceive the mark as a whole as generic. While the Court's decision does not open the door for the protection of generic terms, it is a referendum on the United States Patent and Trademark Office's (USPTO) request to utilize a nearly <em>per se </em>rule that would render "generic.com" marks ineligible for registration despite evidence of actual consumer perception to the contrary.</p> </div> <h3>Background</h3> <p><strong><em>Generic Names under The Lanham Act </em></strong></p> <p>Booking.com sought to register the mark "Booking.com," but the USPTO refused the registration on the basis that it was a generic term, and thus ineligible for federal trademark registration. Under the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C., §§1127, 1064(3), 1065(4), "the generic name for the goods or services" sits at the lowest end of distinction when reviewing marks and is not eligible for trademark registration. Based on previous holdings, the Court in <em>Booking.com</em> analyzed whether the mark "Booking.com," <em>as a whole</em>, is generic, and thus ineligible for trademark registration.</p> <p><strong><em>District Court and Court of Appeals Holdings </em></strong></p> <p>When the USPTO's Trademark Examining Attorney and the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board rejected Booking.com's registration of its "Booking.com" mark as generic, Booking.com filed for review in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. In doing so, Booking.com introduced new evidence establishing that the consuming public "primarily understands that BOOKING.COM does not refer to a genus, rather it is descriptive of services involving 'booking' available at that domain name."  15 U.S.C., §1071(b) (pursuant to the Lanham Act, a party may introduce new evidence that was not initially presented to the PTO when it applied for the registration of a mark, which is a unique option for mark owners during the appellate process, and which was exercised by Booking.com to submit new evidence of consumer perception). But more than simply finding that the mark was "merely descriptive," which would have also been a barrier to registration, the District Court further held that the term had acquired secondary meaning as to hotel reservation services, and was thus registrable under the Lanham Act. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court's judgment, after which the USPTO sought further review from the U.S. Supreme Court.</p> <h3>Current Decision</h3> <p><strong><em>BOOKING.COM as Generic or Distinctive</em></strong></p> <p>The Court analyzed three components of the "Booking.com" mark. First, whether the mark is generic in that it names a "class" of goods or services, rather than any particular feature or exemplification of the class. Second, whether the compound term of the mark as a whole is generic, not merely the two parts in isolation. Third, whether consumers' interpretation of the term related to the generic or distinctive nature of a good or service. The Court concluded that "Booking.com" was not generic because consumers perceived the combination of an otherwise generic name and an otherwise generic domain name as distinctive of a particular source. Simply stated: "[b]ecause 'booking.com' is not a generic name to consumers, it is not generic."  Even the USPTO conceded that consumers no longer perceived "Booking.com" as generic, and as a matter of law, that was the end of the inquiry, according to the Court.</p> <p><strong><em>The USPTO's</em> <em>Nearly</em> Per Se <em>Rule and Determining Generic Marks on a Case-By-Case Basis  </em></strong></p> <p>The USPTO argued that its own nearly <em>per se </em>rule would render the mark ineligible for registration, regardless of consumer interpretation.  Pursuant to the USPTO’s nearly <em>per se</em> rule, when a generic term is combined with a generic domain name, the compound of both results in a generic composite for the mark as a whole.  "In other words, every 'generic.com' term is generic according to the PTO, absent exceptional circumstances."  For its assertions pertaining to generic composites, the USPTO relied on various case law to liken "generic.com" to a "generic company." The Court rejected the USPTO's analysis and nearly <em>per se</em> rule, citing an inconsistent past practice of allowing registration of marks such as "ART.COM" (on the principal register) and "DATING.COM" (on the supplemental register). However, it is important to note that the Court did not open the floodgates in rejecting the USPTO's nearly <em>per se</em> rule – clarifying that the analysis of "generic.com" compound marks still requires a case-by-case analysis of the facts and evidence, including evidence of consumer perception.</p> <p>Justice Sonia Sotomayor concurred with the majority opinion in rejecting the USPTO's nearly <em>per se</em> rule, while also commending the dissent for observing that "consumer-survey evidence may be an unreliable indicator of genericness." Justice Sotomayor reiterated that the surveys were not the only source for determining consumer viewpoints, and that dictionaries and other sources of evidence should be used in the analysis.</p> <p>Justice Steven Breyer delivered the lone dissent for the <em>Booking.com</em> case, and asserted that the majority's holding deviates from the main purpose of registering "distinctive marks—words, names, symbols, and the like" that "distinguish a particular artisan's goods from those of others,"  and "threatens serious anticompetitive consequences in the online marketplace."</p> <h3>Takeaways and Historic Oral Arguments</h3> <p>One of the most interesting takeaways – especially for anyone who listened to the oral arguments – is the Court's nearly unanimous decision in favor of Booking.com<em>. </em>As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the oral arguments in <em>Booking.com,</em> marked the first-ever oral arguments conducted remotely by teleconference. Those listening to the historic oral arguments heard a Court that seemed almost unanimously hostile to the notion of combining two otherwise generic terms to allow for any one protectible "generic.com" mark.</p> <p>However, after considering the parties' responses to dozens of thought-provoking questions from the bench, the Court ultimately issued a very simple ruling: consumer perception, rather than the USPTO's nearly <em>per se</em> rule, should be the basis of the genericness analysis. That said, mark owners should be wise to take note of Justice Sotomayor's concurrence focusing on the importance of the facts of each case for the genericness analysis, and accordingly not expect that the door to registrability is now wide open for all manner of otherwise generic marks to reach registration.</p> <p>For more information please contact <a href="/Benjamin-West-Janke">Benjamin West Janke</a> or any member or <a href="/professionals?practice=12953">Baker Donelson's Intellectual Property Team</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sg-col-lg-4"> <div class="pagebodycol-side"> <a class="sharedcallbutton" href="https://communications.bakerdonelson.com/6/5/landing-pages/blank-publication-registration.asp" target="_blank" data-sga-action="publication-subscribe-click"><i class="ci-40" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="ci-icon" role='img' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#ci-shape-publications" 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Supreme Court Weighs In On Trademark Protection for Generic Terms Combined with Generic Top-Level Domains | Baker Donelson