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<span>Begriffsgeschichte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Begriffsgeschichte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arhatschaft_im_Theravada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arhatschaft_im_Theravada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Arhatschaft im Theravada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arhatschaft_im_Theravada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arhatschaft_im_Mahayana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arhatschaft_im_Mahayana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Arhatschaft im Mahayana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arhatschaft_im_Mahayana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weblinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weblinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Weblinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weblinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Einzelnachweise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Einzelnachweise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Einzelnachweise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Einzelnachweise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhaltsverzeichnis" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arhat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 48 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Архат – Bulgarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Архат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D" title="अर्हत् – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अर्हत्" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="ရဟန်ꩻတာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရဟန်ꩻတာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4" title="অর্হত – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্হত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ། – Tibetisch" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Katalanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahant" title="Arahant – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arahant" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Englisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahanto" title="Arahanto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arahanto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Spanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Estnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahant" title="Arahant – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arahant" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارهات – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارهات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="羅漢 (佛教) – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="羅漢 (佛教)" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="अरहंत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अरहंत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahat" title="Arahat – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arahat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Italienisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italienisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BE%85%E6%BC%A2" title="阿羅漢 – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="阿羅漢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%ED%95%9C" title="아라한 – Koreanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아라한" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhatas" title="Arhatas – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arhatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4" title="अर्हत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्हत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="ရဟန္တာ – Birmanisch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရဟန္တာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4" title="अरहत – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अरहत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahant" title="Arahant – Niederländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arahant" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niederländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Norwegisch (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahant" title="Arahant – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arahant" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Portugiesisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="Архат (буддизм) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архат (буддизм)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="අරහත් – Singhalesisch" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අරහත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Архат – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahant" title="Arahant – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arahant" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அருகதர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அருகதர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="พระอรหันต์ – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระอรหันต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arhat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="Аргат (буддизм) – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аргат (буддизм)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-la-h%C3%A1n" 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freien Enzyklopädie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:MoriokaArhat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/MoriokaArhat.JPG/220px-MoriokaArhat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/MoriokaArhat.JPG/330px-MoriokaArhat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/MoriokaArhat.JPG/440px-MoriokaArhat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="1405" /></a><figcaption>Holzplastik eines Arhat (18. Jahrhundert, Hōon-ji-Tempel, <a href="/wiki/Morioka" title="Morioka">Morioka</a>, Japan)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Arhat</b> ist ein Terminus für einen Praktizierenden, der nach <a href="/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus">buddhistischen</a> Vorstellungen Gier, Hass und Verblendung vollständig abgelegt hat. Er wird durch das Erreichen des <a href="/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana">Nirwana</a> nicht mehr wiedergeboren. Das Wort stammt aus dem <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">devanagari</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r185776446">.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:120%}@media all and (min-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:calc(120% - ((100vw - 800px)/80))}}@media all and (min-width:1000px){.mw-parser-output .Deva{font-size:100%}}</style><span lang="sa-Deva" class="Deva">अर्हत्</span> <i>árhat</i>; <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a> <i>arahant</i>, <i>arahati</i>; <a href="/wiki/Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift">chinesisch</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932626">.mw-parser-output .Hant{font-size:110%}</style><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">阿羅漢</span> / <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932629">.mw-parser-output .Hans{font-size:110%}</style><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">阿罗汉</span>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">āluóhàn</span></i>, meist kurz <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932626" /><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">羅漢</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r184932629" /><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">罗汉</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">luóhàn</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Japanische_Sprache" title="Japanische Sprache">japanisch</a> <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">阿羅漢</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r183723573">.mw-parser-output .Latn{font-family:"Akzidenz Grotesk","Arial","Avant Garde Gothic","Calibri","Futura","Geneva","Gill Sans","Helvetica","Lucida Grande","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Stone Sans","Tahoma","Trebuchet","Univers","Verdana"}</style><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">arakan</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bzw. kurz <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">羅漢</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573" /><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">rakan</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) und bedeutet „der Würdige“. Der Begriff wird weitgehend synonym zum Begriff <i>Heiliger</i> verwendet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begriffsgeschichte">Begriffsgeschichte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Begriffsgeschichte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Begriffsgeschichte"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ursprünglich wurden im Buddhismus sechzehn Gefährten des Buddha als die <i>Sechzehn Arhats</i> bezeichnet. Die Liste wurde von <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a> aus in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> und <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> übernommen und später in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> auf <i>Achtzehn Arhats</i> erweitert. Die ursprünglichen Arhats waren Pindola Bharadvaja, Kanaka der Vatsa, Kanaka der Bharadvaja, Nandimitra, Nakula, Bhadra / Bodhidharma, Kalika, Vijraputra, Gobaka, Pantha der Ältere, Rahula, Nagasena, Angida, Vanavasa, Asita, Pantha der Jüngere, Nantimitolo und Kundadhana. Diese Deutung rückt den Begriff in die Nähe der christlichen <a href="/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel">Apostel</a> und damit von Predigern der Lehre zur Zeit des Verkünders. </p><p>Vor dem Buddhismus waren Arhats mit magischen Kräften ausgestattet, was mit dem Buddhismus weitgehend weggefallen ist. Im positiven Sinne ist <i>Arahaṃ</i> eine Anrede, wie sie an einen Richter im Sinne von „Euer Ehren“ vorgenommen wird. Im negativen Sinne wird der Zusammenhang von <i>ari-hanta</i> (<i>ari</i> = Feind / <i>hanta</i> = zerstören) assoziiert, der aus dem Sanskrit ins Tibetische übernommen wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Feindzerstörer (Arahant) zerstört die feindlichen Gedanken, Anhaftungen usw. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arhatschaft_im_Theravada">Arhatschaft im Theravada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Arhatschaft im Theravada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Arhatschaft im Theravada"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der Begriff Arhat bezeichnet im <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> einen Praktizierenden, der durch die buddhistische Lehre zum Erwachen gelangt ist. Arhats werden als Shravaka-Buddhas (Hörer) bezeichnet. Somit ist die Bezeichnung „Buddha“ zunächst die Ehrenbezeichnung für einen Arhat, der ohne Anleitung volle <a href="/wiki/Erleuchtung" title="Erleuchtung">Erleuchtung</a> erlangt hat und zu den <a href="/wiki/Drei_Juwelen" title="Drei Juwelen">Drei Juwelen</a> <a href="/wiki/Zuflucht_(Buddhismus)" title="Zuflucht (Buddhismus)">Zuflucht</a> genommen hat. Der Buddhismus unterscheidet zwischen möglichen Wegen zur Erreichung der Buddhaschaft: </p> <ul><li>des Buddha Shakyamuni, der ohne jegliche Hilfe das Erwachen erlangt hatte und später die Lehre verkündete,</li> <li>eines <a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddha" title="Pratyekabuddha"><i>pratyeka-buddha</i></a>, eines Praktizierenden, der ebenfalls selbständig zum Erwachen gelangt ist, die Lehre jedoch nicht systematisch weitergibt,</li> <li>eines Arhat, der mithilfe der Lehre zum Erwachen gelangt ist.</li></ul> <p>Bereits zu Lebzeiten des Buddha Shakyamuni sollen viele seiner Schüler durch verschiedene Methoden (wie Meditation, Rezitation oder auch nur bloßes Hören einer Rede) zu Arhats geworden sein. Einen einheitlichen Weg zur Erreichung der Arhatschaft gibt es im Pali-Kanon nicht, was ein Grund dafür war, dass später Kommentare verfasst wurden, um unterschiedliche Aussagen und Widersprüche zu klären. </p><p>Der wesentliche Unterschied zwischen einem Arhat und seiner Entsprechung im <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a>, dem <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a>, ist es, dass ein Arhat den letzten Schritt in das Nirwana nicht freiwillig aufschiebt, um anderen Wesen auf dem Weg aus dem Leiden zu helfen. Nach Überzeugung des Theravada ist das von vornherein nicht möglich. Jedes Wesen ist entsprechend dem <a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a>-Gesetz für seine Handlungen selbst verantwortlich, eine Übertragung von Verdiensten auf andere Wesen ist nicht möglich. Ein Arhat versucht daher durch das Lehren des <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a> (Pali: Dhamma) die anderen Wesen auf ihrem Weg zur Erleuchtung zu unterstützen und indem er ihnen die Möglichkeit gibt, gutes Karma zu schaffen (z. B. durch das Spenden von <i>Dana</i>, Almosen). Der Arhat hat anderen Glaubensgenossen gegenüber keine ethische Verpflichtung, die Lehre zu verbreiten oder Anweisungen zu erteilen. Es obliegt allein seinem Entschluss, anderen Lebewesen zu helfen. Dies sei laut Texten aber keineswegs eine Bedingung für die Erreichung der Arhatschaft, was in späteren Mahayana Texten und Kommentaren zu polemischen Äußerungen gegenüber dem Arhatkonzept führte. </p><p>Im Theravada tritt mit dem Tod eines Arhat das Parinirvana ein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arhatschaft_im_Mahayana">Arhatschaft im Mahayana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Arhatschaft im Mahayana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Arhatschaft im Mahayana"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_Arhat_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_Arhat_Garden.jpg/220px-Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_Arhat_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_Arhat_Garden.jpg/330px-Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_Arhat_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_Arhat_Garden.jpg/440px-Lightmatter_Hsi_Lai_Temple_Arhat_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>Arhat-Garten</i> des Hsi-Lai-Tempels (Los Angeles)</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Arhatschaft spielt daher im Theravada, dessen Lehre auf dem Pali-Kanon basiert, eine große Rolle, während sich das anzustrebende Ideal des Mahayana auf den Bodhisattva verlagert. </p><p>Ein Bodhisattva ist ein Wesen, das den eigenen Wunsch nach dem Eingehen ins Nirvana zurückstellt, um alle fühlenden Wesen zur Erleuchtung zu führen. Arhatschaft im Mahayana bezeichnet daher jemanden, der lediglich die Ich-Vorstellung vollständig aufgelöst hat. Infolge steht im Mahayana das Erlangen der Arhatschaft als eigenständige geistige Entwicklungsstufe unmittelbar vor dem Eintreten in die sogenannten <i>zehn Bodhisattva-Stufen</i>, die direkt zur Erleuchtung führen. Jede dieser Stufen bezeichnet einen geistigen Entwicklungsstand, der mit dem Auftreten spezieller Kräfte (<a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a>) einhergeht. Die geistige Fähigkeit, zum Nutzen der fühlenden Wesen zu wirken, nimmt mit jeder Stufe zu und mündet im Erlangen der Erleuchtung (Buddhaschaft). </p><p>Zum Erlangen der Buddhaschaft ist daher im Mahayana und speziell im <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> über die Arhatschaft hinaus die Bodhisattva-Motivation, zum Nutzen aller fühlenden Wesen zu handeln, und die Auflösung der, die Wahrnehmung der gewöhnlichen fühlenden Wesen einengenden, Subjekt-Objekt-Dualität notwendig. </p><p>Der altruistischen, transzendenten und überirdischen Gestalt des Bodhisattva wird oft die Fehlbarkeit von Arhats gegenübergestellt. In einigen Mahayana-Texten werden Arhatschaft und persönliche Befreiung als unziemlich empfunden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Weblinks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblinks"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arhat?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Arhat</a></span></b> – Album mit Bildern</div> <ul><li>Susan Elbaum Jootla: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palikanon.com/diverses/bhikkhunis/bhikkhuni05.htm">ARAHAT-BIKKHUNIS – Die Anatta-Lehre</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arhat&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Einzelnachweise"><span>Quelltext bearbeiten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Japanische_Schrift#Kana" title="Japanische Schrift">Kana</a> <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">あらかん</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573" /><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">arakan</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Japanische_Schrift#Kana" title="Japanische Schrift">Kana</a> <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">らかん</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r183723573" /><span class="Latn" lang="ja-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">rakan</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ratnaguna / Dhammaloka – <i>Dharma-Übungskurs für Mitras. Modul „Einsicht gewinnen. Reflexion und Meditation“</i> (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.triratna-buddhismus.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Kursmaterialien/Modul_7_-_Einsicht_gewinnen_-_Reflexion_und_Meditation_01.pdf">[1]</a> bei <i>triratna-buddhismus.de</i></span> </li> </ol> <div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"> <div> Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="plainlinks-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4226758-4">4226758-4</a></span> <span class="noprint">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobid.org/gnd/4226758-4">lobid</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swb.bsz-bw.de/DB=2.104/SET=1/TTL=1/CMD?retrace=0&trm_old=&ACT=SRCHA&IKT=2999&SRT=RLV&TRM=4226758-4">OGND</a><span class="metadata">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prometheus.lmu.de/gnd/4226758-4">AKS</a></span>)</span> <span class="metadata"></span></div> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Abgerufen von „<a dir="ltr" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arhat&oldid=241724754">https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arhat&oldid=241724754</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorien" title="Wikipedia:Kategorien">Kategorien</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Buddha" title="Kategorie:Buddha">Buddha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Mahayana" title="Kategorie:Mahayana">Mahayana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Theravada" title="Kategorie:Theravada">Theravada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Buddhistischer_Titel" title="Kategorie:Buddhistischer Titel">Buddhistischer Titel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Arhat" title="Kategorie:Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 31. 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