CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <script> var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener("gform/theme/scripts_loaded",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>"function"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn("The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 3.1."),o(),0))},initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.callIfLoaded(o)||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",()=>{gform.scriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),document.addEventListener("gform/theme/scripts_loaded",()=>{gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",()=>{gform.domLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}))},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook("action",o,r,e,t)},addFilter:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,r,e,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,r){gform.removeHook("action",o,r)},removeFilter:function(o,r,e){gform.removeHook("filter",o,r,e)},addHook:function(o,r,e,t,n){null==gform.hooks[o][r]&&(gform.hooks[o][r]=[]);var d=gform.hooks[o][r];null==n&&(n=r+"_"+d.length),gform.hooks[o][r].push({tag:n,callable:e,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(r,o,e){var t;if(e=Array.prototype.slice.call(e,1),null!=gform.hooks[r][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[r][o]).sort(function(o,r){return o.priority-r.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==r?t.apply(null,e):e[0]=t.apply(null,e)})),"filter"==r)return e[0]},removeHook:function(o,r,t,n){var e;null!=gform.hooks[o][r]&&(e=(e=gform.hooks[o][r]).filter(function(o,r,e){return!!(null!=n&&n!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][r]=e)}}); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">  <title>60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts - NASA</title> <meta name="description" content="On Sept. 17, 1962, NASA announced the selection of its second group of astronauts. Chosen from 253 applicants, the Next Nine as the group called themselves,"/> <meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts - NASA" /> <meta property="og:description" content="On Sept. 17, 1962, NASA announced the selection of its second group of astronauts. Chosen from 253 applicants, the Next Nine as the group called themselves," /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NASA" /> <meta property="article:section" content="NASA History" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2023-09-22T11:26:14-04:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="985" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="647" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="group_2_astronauts_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-09-16T10:00:00-04:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-09-22T11:26:14-04:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts - NASA" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="On Sept. 17, 1962, NASA announced the selection of its second group of astronauts. Chosen from 253 applicants, the Next Nine as the group called themselves," /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Kelli Mars" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Time to read" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="10 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema-pro">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization","name":"NASA"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#website","url":"https://www.nasa.gov","name":"NASA","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg","width":"985","height":"647","caption":"group_2_astronauts_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/#webpage","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/","name":"60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts - NASA","datePublished":"2022-09-16T10:00:00-04:00","dateModified":"2023-09-22T11:26:14-04:00","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/#author","name":"Kelli Mars","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/04a18a1fe1ef909d43cdb98d1bacd9ea?s=96&d=blank&r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/04a18a1fe1ef909d43cdb98d1bacd9ea?s=96&d=blank&r=g","caption":"Kelli Mars","inLanguage":"en-US"},"worksFor":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization"}},{"@type":"BlogPosting","headline":"60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts - NASA","datePublished":"2022-09-16T10:00:00-04:00","dateModified":"2023-09-22T11:26:14-04:00","articleSection":"Apollo, Gemini, NASA History","author":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/#author","name":"Kelli Mars"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization"},"description":"On Sept. 17, 1962, NASA announced the selection of its second group of astronauts. Chosen from 253 applicants, the Next Nine as the group called themselves,","name":"60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts - NASA","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/#webpage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/#webpage"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.parsely.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASA » Feed" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feed/" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="16x16" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="57x57" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="76x76" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="96x96" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="128x128" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-128x128.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-192x192.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="196x196" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-196x196.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="228x228" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-228x228.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/site.webmanifest" /> <link rel="mask-icon" color="#5bbad5" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" /> <meta name="application-name" content="NASA"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-70x70.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-150x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-310x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-310x310.png" /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> :root{--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,161;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px;--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color)}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}.has-text-align-center{text-align:center}.has-text-align-left{text-align:left}.has-text-align-right{text-align:right}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip:auto!important;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2' href='https://www.nasa.gov/_static/??-eJyFjEEOwjAMBD+EMTRIqIeqb3FTU6I6TlUnjfg9EVy4cVrtzmqwbuCTZtaMXkILiAU2KUtQw2J1NnjsFLmmff12nEqQGS2/hO3szU74I8lPjmyoZISN4SJpIgGl4++Vj7Z+jGMcrnfXu0vnutsb5FE7+g==' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nasa.gov/_static/??-eJyNzt0KwjAMBeAXsitzA9mF+Cxxhq6lSbRN58/TW9ELr6wQTm6+E2KvZ+N5juWE2YY6l4Lp/lkdee5C3thfyJB3CRS/8SysyGp1QaoVhgyvnotyhGgY1gYk5GJUnIvYkLHchN/5xwPqCR/CraN5gYQmy+whVnqgfb8bpu00Dv0YnrcWcLA=" defer></script><script defer="defer" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js" id="gform_recaptcha-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/140814" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.nasa.gov/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.nasa.gov/?p=140814' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts/public-sans/PublicSans-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts-split/inter/UcC73FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMa1ZL7.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts-split/db-mono/aFTU7PB1QTsUX8KYthqQBA.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script language="javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=NASA&yt=true&dclink=true&exts=stl,fbx,glb,usdz&enhlink=true&sdor=www.nasa.gov"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // DO NOT MODIFY BELOW THIS LINE ***************************************** ;(function (g) { var d = document, am = d.createElement('script'), h = d.head || d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0], fsr = 'fsReady', aex = { "src": "//eex-gateway.fr011.ttecfed.com/sites/nasa-gov/production/gateway.min.js", "type": "text/javascript", "async": "true", "data-vendor": "fs", "data-role": "gateway" }; for (var attr in aex) { am.setAttribute(attr, aex[attr]); } h.appendChild(am); g[fsr] || (g[fsr] = function () { var aT = '__' + fsr + '_stk__'; g[aT] = g[aT] || []; g[aT].push(arguments); }); })(window); // DO NOT MODIFY ABOVE THIS LINE ***************************************** </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NLJ258M');</script>  <meta name="searchgov_custom1" content="1::140814"/> <meta name="searchgov_custom2" content=""/> <meta name="searchgov_custom3" content="post"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Apollo, Gemini, NASA History"/> <meta name="parsely-title" content="60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts" /> <meta name="parsely-link" content="https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts/" /> <meta name="parsely-type" content="post" /> <meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg?w=150&h=150&crop=1" /> <meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2022-09-16T14:00:00Z" /> <meta name="parsely-section" content="NASA History" /> <meta name="parsely-tags" content="Missions,Gemini,NASA History,Apollo" /> <meta name="parsely-author" content="John Uri" /> <script type="text/javascript"></script>   </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-140814 single-format-standard">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NLJ258M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <header class="hds-nasa-header usa-header usa-header-mobile color-spacesuit-white bg-carbon-black display-block display-block desktop:display-none padding-x-3 padding-y-2"> <div class="usa-nav-container grid-row"> <div class="grid-col display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-start"> <button id="global-navigation-trigger--mobile" class="hds-global-menu-toggle menu-toggle menu-mobile-toggle" aria-expanded="false" data-menu-action="open" data-menu-location="left"> <div class="menu-toggle-icon"> <div class="menu-toggle-icon-top"></div> <div class="menu-toggle-icon-center"></div> <div class="menu-toggle-icon-bottom"></div> </div> </button> </div> <div class="grid-col display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center"> <a id="mobile-header-logo" href="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="usa-logo display-block margin-0 width-fit-content text-center"> <img fetchpriority="high" width="60" height="50.58" alt="NASA Logo" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-end"> <button class="hds-search-panel-mobile-trigger search-mobile color-carbon-20 menu-toggle" data-menu-action="open" data-menu-location="right"> <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.643L8.804 7.447a4.8 4.8 0 10-1.357 1.357L10.642 12 12 10.643zM1.36 4.8a3.44 3.44 0 116.879 0 3.44 3.44 0 01-6.879 0z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> </header> <header class="usa-header usa-header--basic usa-header-primary padding-y-2 padding-x-2 bg-carbon-black color-spacesuit-white display-none desktop:display-block"> <div class="usa-nav-container padding-0 grid-container grid-container-extrawide grid-row"> <div class="grid-col-5 display-flex flex-align-center"> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="hds-explore-nav-trigger usa-nav__primary-item margin-right-2"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link display-flex flex-align-center" aria-expanded="false" id="global-navigation-trigger" > <span>Explore</span> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="17px" viewBox="0 0 16 17" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 17;" xml:space="preserve"><g> <g> <path d="M8,16.5c-4.4,0-8-3.6-8-8s3.6-8,8-8s8,3.6,8,8S12.4,16.5,8,16.5z M8,1.5c-3.9,0-7,3.1-7,7c0,3.9,3.1,7,7,7 s7-3.1,7-7C15,4.6,11.9,1.5,8,1.5z"/> </g> <g> <path d="M8,10l2.6-2.6L11.2,8L8,11.2L4.8,8l0.6-0.6L8,10z"/> </g></g></svg> </button> </li> </ul> <form action="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="hds-search usa-search usa-search--small float-none" role="search" style="float: none!important;"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-field-en-small">Search</label> <input class="hds-search-input hds-search-input-dark usa-input border bg-carbon-black border-color-carbon-70-important" id="search-field-en-small--desktop" type="search" name="search" value="" placeholder="Search..." maxlength="100" /> <button class="usa-button display-none" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> </button> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-2 display-flex flex-justify-center flex-align-center"> <a id="header-logo" href="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="usa-logo tablet:display-block margin-0" style="width: 60px;"> <img fetchpriority="high" width="60" height="50.58" alt="NASA Logo" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg"> </a> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav grid-col-5 color-spacesuit-white"> <div class="usa-nav__inner hds-nav__inner"> <ul class="hds-nav-primary color-spacesuit-white usa-nav__primary"> <li class="hds-nav-has-submenu usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-nav__link heading-16 color-spacesuit-white padding-y-2 padding-x-2 display-flex flex-align-center" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="news-events-submenu"> <span>News & Events</span> <svg version="1.1" fill="#fff" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="306px" height="306px" viewBox="0 0 306 306" style="enable-background:new 0 0 306 306;" xml:space="preserve"><g><polygon points="270.3,58.65 153,175.95 35.7,58.65 0,94.35 153,247.35 306,94.35 "/></g></svg> </button> <ul id="news-events-submenu" class="hds-nav__submenu" hidden> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"> <h3 class="heading-22 color-spacesuit-white padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1">News & Events</h3> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </a> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/"> <span>All NASA News</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/series/"> <span>Video Series on NASA+</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/"> <span>Podcasts</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-blogs/"> <span>Blogs</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/newsletters/"> <span>Newsletters</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/social-media/"> <span>Social Media</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/media-contacts/"> <span>Media Resources</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/events"> <span>Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/event-type/launch-schedule/"> <span>Upcoming Launches & Landings</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-virtual-guest-program/"> <span>Virtual Guest Program</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hds-nav-has-submenu usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-nav__link heading-16 color-spacesuit-white padding-y-2 padding-x-2 display-flex flex-align-center" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="news-galleries-submenu"> <span>Multimedia</span> <svg version="1.1" fill="#fff" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="306px" height="306px" viewBox="0 0 306 306" style="enable-background:new 0 0 306 306;" xml:space="preserve"><g><polygon points="270.3,58.65 153,175.95 35.7,58.65 0,94.35 153,247.35 306,94.35 "/></g></svg> </button> <ul id="news-galleries-submenu" class="hds-nav__submenu" hidden> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"> <h3 class="heading-22 color-spacesuit-white padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1">Multimedia</h3> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </a> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/"> <span>NASA+</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/images/"> <span>Images</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/live"> <span>NASA Live</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/apps/"> <span>NASA Apps</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/"> <span>Podcasts</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-of-the-day/"> <span>Image of the Day</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ebooks/"> <span>e-Books</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/audio-and-ringtones/"> <span>Sounds and Ringtones</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/interactives/"> <span>Interactives</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/search/?terms=8058%2C8059%2C8061%2C8062%2C8068"> <span>STEM Multimedia</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hds-nav-has-submenu usa-nav__primary-item"> <a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/" class="hds-nav__link-nasa-live usa-nav__link-nasa-live usa-nav__link heading-16 color-spacesuit-white"> <span>NASA+</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="hds-search-panel-mobile bg-spacesuit-white"> <div class="hds-search-panel-bar bg-carbon-black padding-x-3 padding-y-2"> <svg class="hds-search-panel-bar-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="white"/></svg> <form action="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="hds-search usa-search usa-search--small float-none" role="search" style="float: none!important;"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-field-en-small">Search</label> <input class="usa-input bg-carbon-black color-spacesuit-white" id="search-field-en-small--mobile" type="search" name="search" value="" placeholder="Search the universe" max_length="100" /> <button class="usa-button display-none" type="submit"> </button> </form> <button class="hds-search-panel-bar-close-icon"> <svg class="hds-search-panel-bar-close-icon" width="13" height="12" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.14925 6.00038L0.999972 11.1497L1.84975 11.9969L6.99778 6.84891L12.1496 12.0008L12.9994 11.1535L7.8463 6.00038L12.9994 0.847277L12.1496 0L6.99778 5.15186L1.84782 0.0019043L0.998047 0.849182L6.14925 6.00038Z" fill="white"/></svg> </button> </div> <div class="hds-search-panel-suggestions padding-x-3 padding-y-4"> <h2 class="heading-18 margin-top-0">Suggested Searches</h2> <ul class="hds-search-suggestions"> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Climate%20Change"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Climate Change</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Artemis"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Artemis</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Expedition%2064"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Expedition 64</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Mars%20perseverance"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Mars perseverance</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=SpaceX%20Crew-2"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>SpaceX Crew-2</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=International%20Space%20Station"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>International Space Station</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion hds-search-suggestion-more"> <a class="color-carbon-black padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/a-to-z-topics-listing/"> <span>View All Topics A-Z</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="global-navigation" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-carbon-black-important padding-x-0 desktop:padding-x-2" style="left: 0;" hidden> <div class="grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-x-0"> <div class="grid-row global-nav__menus"> <div class="global-nav__primary global-nav__col grid-col-3"> <div class="global-nav__primary-wrapper global-nav__wrapper border-right-1px border-color-carbon-80"> <ul class="hds-global-menu-primary global-nav__primary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item usa-current" submenu-id="global-nav-home"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/"><span>Home</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-missions"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/"><span>Missions</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/"><span>Humans in Space</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-earth-climate"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/"><span>Earth & Climate</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/"><span>The Solar System</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-universe"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/"><span>The Universe</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-science"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/"><span>Science</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-aeronautics"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/"><span>Aeronautics</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-technology"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/"><span>Technology</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-learning-resources"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/"><span>Learning Resources</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-about-nasa"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/"><span>About NASA</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-espanol"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/"><span>Español</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li> <hr class="border-color-carbon-60-important display-block desktop:display-none margin-y-3" > <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger hds-global-menu-item-mobile usa-nav__submenu-item" submenu-id="media"> <a href="#"> <span>News & Events</span> <svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger hds-global-menu-item-mobile usa-nav__submenu-item" submenu-id="galleries"> <a href="#"> <span>Multimedia</span> <svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-mobile usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="hds-nav__link-nasa-live usa-nav__link-nasa-live" href="https://plus.nasa.gov/"> <span>NASA+</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="global-nav__home global-nav__features global-nav__col grid-col-9 desktop:padding-left-105"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3><div class="grid-row"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/skywatching/whats-up-february-2025-skywatching-tips-from-nasa/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-home grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 color-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 desktop:padding-right-3 margin-bottom-4" target="_self"><div class="grid-col margin-bottom-2"><div class="bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"><img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/skywatching/2025/february/Orion_credit_Preston%20Dyches_CC%20BY-NC%202.0.jpg" alt="What’s Up: February 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA" class="hds-media-background z-100" /></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-left-0"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">What’s Up: February 2025 Skywatching Tips from NASA</h3></div><div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"><span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg><span>article</span></span><span>2 weeks ago</span></div></div></a><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-maps-full-picture-of-how-phoenix-galaxy-cluster-forms-stars/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-home grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 color-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 desktop:padding-right-3 margin-bottom-4" target="_self"><div class="grid-col margin-bottom-2"><div class="bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"><img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/webb/science/2025/webb-STScI-01JKDQABVK79V1BBDZ8KHSDTJ9-1K.jpg" alt="Webb Maps Full Picture of How Phoenix Galaxy Cluster Forms Stars" class="hds-media-background z-100" /></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-left-0"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Webb Maps Full Picture of How Phoenix Galaxy Cluster Forms Stars</h3></div><div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"><span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg><span>article</span></span><span>4 days ago</span></div></div></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-spherex-space-telescope-will-seek-lifes-ingredients/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-home grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 color-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 desktop:padding-right-3 margin-bottom-4" target="_self"><div class="grid-col margin-bottom-2"><div class="bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"><img width="1024" height="503" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Molecular clouds in the Milky Way galaxy" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png 2000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=300,147 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=768,377 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1024,503 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1536,754 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=400,196 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=600,295 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=900,442 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1200,589 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-left-0"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s SPHEREx Space Telescope Will Seek Life’s Ingredients</h3></div><div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"><span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg><span>article</span></span><span>4 days ago</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="global-nav__secondary global-nav__col grid-col-5 desktop:padding-left-105" hidden> <div class="global-nav__secondary-wrapper global-nav__wrapper">  <div class="global-nav__mobile-return"> <button class="global-nav__back" aria-expanded="false"> <svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.94479 4L5.1999 0.767159L4.42746 3.521e-07L0.399903 4L4.42746 8L5.1999 7.23284L1.94479 4Z"/></svg> <span>Back</span> </button> <hr class="global-nav__separator margin-top-1 margin-bottom-4"> </div> <div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-missions"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Missions</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/" target="_self"><span>Search All NASA Missions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/a-to-z-of-nasa-missions/" target="_self"><span>A to Z List of Missions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/events/" target="_self"><span>Upcoming Launches and Landings</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/spaceships-and-rockets/" target="_self"><span>Spaceships and Rockets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/communicating-with-missions/" target="_self"><span>Communicating with Missions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" target="_self"><span>Artemis</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/" target="_self"><span>James Webb Space Telescope</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" target="_self"><span>Hubble Space Telescope</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/" target="_self"><span>International Space Station</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/osiris-rex/" target="_self"><span>OSIRIS-Rex</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Humans in Space</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/why-go-to-space/" target="_self"><span>Why Go to Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/astronauts/" target="_self"><span>Astronauts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/" target="_self"><span>Commercial Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/destinations/" target="_self"><span>Destinations</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/spaceships-and-rockets/" target="_self"><span>Spaceships and Rockets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/living-in-space/" target="_self"><span>Living in Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-earth-climate"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Earth & Climate</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/explore" target="_self"><span>Explore Earth Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change" target="_self"><span>Climate Change</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts" target="_self"><span>Earth, Our Planet</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/in-action" target="_self"><span>Earth Science in Action</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/multimedia" target="_self"><span>Earth Multimedia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/data" target="_self"><span>Earth Data</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science" target="_self"><span>Earth Science Researchers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">The Solar System</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/sun/" target="_self"><span>The Sun</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mercury/" target="_self"><span>Mercury</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/venus" target="_self"><span>Venus</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/" target="_self"><span>Earth</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/moon/" target="_self"><span>The Moon</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars" target="_self"><span>Mars</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/jupiter" target="_self"><span>Jupiter</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/saturn" target="_self"><span>Saturn</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/uranus/" target="_self"><span>Uranus</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/neptune/" target="_self"><span>Neptune</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/dwarf-planets/" target="_self"><span>Pluto & Dwarf Planets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-meteors/" target="_self"><span>Asteroids, Comets & Meteors</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/" target="_self"><span>The Kuiper Belt</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/oort-cloud/" target="_self"><span>The Oort Cloud</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/" target="_self"><span>Skywatching</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-universe"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">The Universe</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/" target="_self"><span>Exoplanets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/search-for-life/" target="_self"><span>The Search for Life in the Universe</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" target="_self"><span>Stars</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/" target="_self"><span>Galaxies</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/" target="_self"><span>Black Holes</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/the-big-bang/" target="_self"><span>The Big Bang</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/dark-matter-dark-energy/" target="_self"><span>Dark Energy & Dark Matter</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-science"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Science</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/" target="_self"><span>Earth Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/" target="_self"><span>Planetary Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" target="_self"><span>Astrophysics & Space Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/heliophysics/" target="_self"><span>The Sun & Heliophysics</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/biological-physical" target="_self"><span>Biological & Physical Sciences</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science" target="_self"><span>Lunar Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/citizen-science/" target="_self"><span>Citizen Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astromaterials/" target="_self"><span>Astromaterials</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics-research/" target="_self"><span>Aeronautics Research</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/human-space-travel-research/" target="_self"><span>Human Space Travel Research</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-aeronautics"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Aeronautics</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/science-in-the-air/" target="_self"><span>Science in the Air</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/aircraft/" target="_self"><span>NASA Aircraft</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/flight-innovation/" target="_self"><span>Flight Innovation</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/supersonic-flight/" target="_self"><span>Supersonic Flight</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/air-traffic-solutions/" target="_self"><span>Air Traffic Solutions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/green-aero-tech/" target="_self"><span>Green Aviation Tech</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/drones-and-you/" target="_self"><span>Drones & You</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-technology"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Technology</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/technology-transfer-spinoffs/" target="_self"><span>Technology Transfer & Spinoffs</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-travel-technology/" target="_self"><span>Space Travel Technology</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-living-technology/" target="_self"><span>Technology Living in Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/manufacturing-and-materials/" target="_self"><span>Manufacturing and Materials</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/robotics/" target="_self"><span>Robotics</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/science-instruments/" target="_self"><span>Science Instruments</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/computing/" target="_self"><span>Computing</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-learning-resources"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Learning Resources</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-kids-and-students/" target="_self"><span>For Kids and Students</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-educators/" target="_self"><span>For Educators</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/colleges-and-universities/" target="_self"><span>For Colleges and Universities</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-professionals/" target="_self"><span>For Professionals</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/for-everyone/" target="_self"><span>Science for Everyone</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/requests-for-exhibits-artifacts-or-speakers/" target="_self"><span>Requests for Exhibits, Artifacts, or Speakers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/stem-engagement/" target="_self"><span>STEM Engagement at NASA</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-about-nasa"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">About NASA</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-impact/" target="_self"><span>NASA's Impacts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/" target="_self"><span>Centers and Facilities</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/" target="_self"><span>Directorates</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/organization/" target="_self"><span>Organizations</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/people-of-nasa/" target="_self"><span>People of NASA</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/careers/" target="_self"><span>Careers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/" target="_self"><span>Internships</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/" target="_self"><span>Our History</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/doing-business-with-nasa/" target="_self"><span>Doing Business with NASA</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/" target="_self"><span>Get Involved</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/contact/" target="_self"><span>Contact</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-espanol"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">NASA en Español</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/" target="_self"><span>Ciencia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="/nasa-en-espanol/aeronautica-en-espanol/" target="_self"><span>Aeronáutica</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/tierra/" target="_self"><span>Ciencias Terrestres</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/sistema-solar" target="_self"><span>Sistema Solar</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/universo" target="_self"><span>Universo</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="media"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">News & Events</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/" target="_self"><span>All NASA News</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/series/" target="_self"><span>Video Series on NASA+</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/" target="_self"><span>Podcasts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-blogs/" target="_self"><span>Blogs</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/newsletters/" target="_self"><span>Newsletters</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/social-media/" target="_self"><span>Social Media</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/media-contacts/" target="_self"><span>Media Resources</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/events" target="_self"><span>Events</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/event-type/launch-schedule/" target="_self"><span>Upcoming Launches & Landings</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-virtual-guest-program/" target="_self"><span>Virtual Guest Program</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="galleries"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Multimedia</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/" target="_self"><span>NASA+</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/images/" target="_self"><span>Images</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/live" target="_self"><span>NASA Live</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/apps/" target="_self"><span>NASA Apps</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/" target="_self"><span>Podcasts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-of-the-day/" target="_self"><span>Image of the Day</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ebooks/" target="_self"><span>e-Books</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/audio-and-ringtones/" target="_self"><span>Sounds and Ringtones</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/interactives/" target="_self"><span>Interactives</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/search/?terms=8058%2C8059%2C8061%2C8062%2C8068" target="_self"><span>STEM Multimedia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="global-nav__tertiary global-nav__col grid-col-4 usa-col" hidden> <div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-missions"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-spherex-space-telescope-will-seek-lifes-ingredients/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="503" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Molecular clouds in the Milky Way galaxy" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png 2000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=300,147 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=768,377 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1024,503 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1536,754 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=400,196 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=600,295 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=900,442 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1200,589 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s SPHEREx Space Telescope Will Seek Life’s Ingredients</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/nasa-readies-moon-rocket-for-the-future-with-manufacturing-innovation/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="684" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="At NASA Marshall, the PLA engineering development unit is installed into the 4697-test stand for structural testing. It was then attached to the large cylindrical structure which simulates the Exploration Upper Stage interface. Load lines were then connected to the top of the PLA.The testing demonstrated that it can handle up to three times the expected load." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg 4240w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1536,1026 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=2048,1368 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=600,401 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1200,802 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=2000,1336 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Readies Moon Rocket for the Future with Manufacturing Innovation</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/jpl/how-nasas-lunar-trailblazer-will-make-a-looping-voyage-to-the-moon/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="NASA’s Lunar Trailblazer approaches the Moon as it enters its science orbit in this artist’s concept" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg 1500w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-pia26457-ltb-moon-lms.jpg?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">6 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">How NASA’s Lunar Trailblazer Will Make a Looping Voyage to the Moon</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/nasa-readies-moon-rocket-for-the-future-with-manufacturing-innovation/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="684" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="At NASA Marshall, the PLA engineering development unit is installed into the 4697-test stand for structural testing. It was then attached to the large cylindrical structure which simulates the Exploration Upper Stage interface. Load lines were then connected to the top of the PLA.The testing demonstrated that it can handle up to three times the expected load." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg 4240w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1536,1026 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=2048,1368 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=600,401 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1200,802 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=2000,1336 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Readies Moon Rocket for the Future with Manufacturing Innovation</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/lunar-space-station-module-will-journey-to-us-ahead-of-nasas-artemis-iv-moon-mission/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="683" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg 7030w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=2048,1366 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/jsc2025e003426.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Lunar Space Station Module Will Journey to US ahead of NASA’s Artemis IV Moon Mission</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/gateway-lunar-space-station-101-podcast-series/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Artemis Gateway IV Solar Arrays" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png 3840w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/artemis-gateway-artemis-iv-solar-arraysorig.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">1 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Gateway Lunar Space Station 101 Podcast Series</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>5 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-earth-climate"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/nasa-tests-drones-to-provide-micrometeorology-aid-in-fire-response/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="683" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Brayden Chamberlain, UAS Pilot in Command, performs pre-flight checks on the NASA Alta X uncrewed aerial system (UAS) during NASA FireSense’s uncrewed aerial system (UAS) technology demonstration in Missoula, Montana." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg 6000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/firesensemissoula-loiacono-2529.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Tests Drones to Provide Micrometeorology, Aid in Fire Response</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/nisar/nasa-led-study-pinpoints-areas-sinking-rising-along-california-coast/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="San Simeon" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg 4032w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=2048,1536 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-san-simeon.jpg?resize=2000,1500 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA-Led Study Pinpoints Areas Sinking, Rising Along California Coast</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 week ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/get-involved/citizen-science/newly-minted-ph-d-studies-phytoplankton-with-nasas-fjordphyto-project/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/citizen-science/highlights/2025/FjordPhyto-Project.jpg" alt="Newly Minted Ph.D. Studies Phytoplankton with NASA’s FjordPhyto Project" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Newly Minted Ph.D. Studies Phytoplankton with NASA’s FjordPhyto Project</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 week ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/the-mars-report/2025-february/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/solar-system/mars/videos/the-mars-report/20241220-mars-report/Mars%20Report%20-%20v.5%20-%20no%20text%20-%20flipped.png" alt="The Mars Report: February 2025" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">1 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">The Mars Report: February 2025</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>6 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/mars-relay-network-update/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/nasas-eyes-promo-mars-relay-network.png" alt="Mars Relay Network Update" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Mars Relay Network Update</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>6 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/meteor-showers/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/perseids-radiant-credit-preston-dyches-cc-by-nc-2-0.jpg" alt="Meteor Showers" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">1 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Meteor Showers</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-universe"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-a-cosmic-cloudscape/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/emission/Hubble_LMC_TarantulaNebula_potw2506a.jpg" alt="Hubble Captures a Cosmic Cloudscape" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hubble Captures a Cosmic Cloudscape</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-spherex-space-telescope-will-seek-lifes-ingredients/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="503" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Molecular clouds in the Milky Way galaxy" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png 2000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=300,147 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=768,377 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1024,503 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1536,754 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=400,196 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=600,295 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=900,442 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1200,589 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s SPHEREx Space Telescope Will Seek Life’s Ingredients</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-maps-full-picture-of-how-phoenix-galaxy-cluster-forms-stars/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/webb/science/2025/webb-STScI-01JKDQABVK79V1BBDZ8KHSDTJ9-1K.jpg" alt="Webb Maps Full Picture of How Phoenix Galaxy Cluster Forms Stars" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Webb Maps Full Picture of How Phoenix Galaxy Cluster Forms Stars</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-science"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/biological-physical/the-challenges-of-growing-plants-in-space/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/bps/space-crops/Plants_In_Space_FeatureImage.jpg" alt="The Challenges of Growing Plants in Space" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">The Challenges of Growing Plants in Space</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 hour ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/earth-science/summary-of-the-10th-dscovr-epic-and-nistar-science-team-meeting/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/esd/earth-observer/2025/2025-winter/2025-dscovr/DSCOVR-Photo.jpg" alt="Summary of the 10th DSCOVR EPIC and NISTAR Science Team Meeting" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">21 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Summary of the 10th DSCOVR EPIC and NISTAR Science Team Meeting</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/learning-resources/science-activation/an-afternoon-of-family-science-and-rocket-exploration-in-alaska/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/learn/science-activation-stories/2025/Afternoon_of_Science_Building_Rockets_Jan2025_IMG_7580-Carolyn_Y_Ng.jpeg" alt="An Afternoon of Family Science and Rocket Exploration in Alaska" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">An Afternoon of Family Science and Rocket Exploration in Alaska</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-aeronautics"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/nasas-x-59-turns-up-power-throttles-through-engine-tests/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="619" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/p25-007-06-9c232f-e1739306397798.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="NASA's supersonic X-59 undergoes maximum afterburner testing at dusk, with a bright, fiery exhaust extending from its tail. Visible in the superhot plume, which features vibrant hues of blue, purple, and orange, are distinct Mach diamonds—also known as shock diamonds." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s X-59 Turns Up Power, Throttles Through Engine Tests</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>6 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/goaero-university-awardees-2025/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Artist illustration of the Aircraft Harmony, one of the GoAEROs prize competition winners.." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=768,768 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=600,600 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=900,900 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/aircraft-harmony.jpeg?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Supports GoAERO University Awardees for Emergency Aircraft Prototyping</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>6 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/x-66-model-tests-airflow/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Photo with part of an airplane wing colored white, with markings is in the foreground, the background has white vertical lines." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/ACD24-0108-010/ACD24-0108-010~large.jpg?w=1200&h=800&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Wind Over Its Wing: NASA’s X-66 Model Tests Airflow</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 weeks ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-technology"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/mars-relay-network-update/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/nasas-eyes-promo-mars-relay-network.png" alt="Mars Relay Network Update" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Mars Relay Network Update</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>6 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/nasas-mini-rover-team-is-packed-for-lunar-journey/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Members of a JPL team" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg 11600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=2048,1536 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/e1-pia26427-cadre-carrying.jpg?resize=2000,1500 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Mini Rover Team Is Packed for Lunar Journey</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>6 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory/nasas-curiosity-rover-captures-colorful-clouds-drifting-over-mars/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="726" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Curiosity views carbon dioxide ice falling from noctilucent clouds" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg 1441w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?resize=300,213 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?resize=768,545 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?resize=1024,726 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?resize=400,284 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?resize=600,426 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?resize=900,638 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pia26519-curiosity-views-blackborders.jpg?resize=1200,851 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Curiosity Rover Captures Colorful Clouds Drifting Over Mars</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>6 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-learning-resources"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/learning-resources/science-activation/an-afternoon-of-family-science-and-rocket-exploration-in-alaska/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/learn/science-activation-stories/2025/Afternoon_of_Science_Building_Rockets_Jan2025_IMG_7580-Carolyn_Y_Ng.jpeg" alt="An Afternoon of Family Science and Rocket Exploration in Alaska" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">An Afternoon of Family Science and Rocket Exploration in Alaska</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/learning-resources/science-activation/tribal-library-co-design-stem-space-workshop/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/learn/science-activation-stories/2025/workshop-Anne_Holland.png" alt="Tribal Library Co-Design STEM Space Workshop" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Tribal Library Co-Design STEM Space Workshop</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/how-does-the-sun-behave-grades-k-4/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="430" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="An cartoon illustration of a solar flare that has a blast of light and energy from the Sun’s surface." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png 2783w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=300,126 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=768,322 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=1024,430 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=1536,645 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=2048,860 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=400,168 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=600,252 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=900,378 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=1200,504 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/sun-solar-flares-3.png?resize=2000,839 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">How Does the Sun Behave? (Grades K-4)</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 weeks ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-about-nasa"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/blog/sols-4452-4453-keeping-warm-and-keeping-busy/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/msl/2025/curiosity-rover-updates/february/https___mars.nasa.gov_msl-raw-images_proj_msl_redops_ods_surface_sol_04450_opgs_edr_ncam_NLB_792547619EDR_F1130894NCAM00353M_.JPG" alt="Sols 4452-4453: Keeping Warm and Keeping Busy" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Sols 4452-4453: Keeping Warm and Keeping Busy</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/nasa-readies-moon-rocket-for-the-future-with-manufacturing-innovation/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="684" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="At NASA Marshall, the PLA engineering development unit is installed into the 4697-test stand for structural testing. It was then attached to the large cylindrical structure which simulates the Exploration Upper Stage interface. Load lines were then connected to the top of the PLA.The testing demonstrated that it can handle up to three times the expected load." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg 4240w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1536,1026 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=2048,1368 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=600,401 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=1200,802 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/pla-paf-edu-move-to-4697-west-test-area-13.jpg?resize=2000,1336 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Readies Moon Rocket for the Future with Manufacturing Innovation</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/nasas-spherex-space-telescope-will-seek-lifes-ingredients/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="503" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Molecular clouds in the Milky Way galaxy" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png 2000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=300,147 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=768,377 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1024,503 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1536,754 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=400,196 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=600,295 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=900,442 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1-webb-molecular-cloud-ices.png?resize=1200,589 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s SPHEREx Space Telescope Will Seek Life’s Ingredients</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-espanol"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/la-nasa-identifica-causa-de-perdida-de-material-del-escudo-termico-de-orion-de-artemis-i/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="683" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg 6000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/p1020320.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">11 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">La NASA identifica causa de pérdida de material del escudo térmico de Orion de Artemis I</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 months ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/preguntas-frecuentes-la-verdadera-historia-del-cuidado-de-la-salud-de-los-astronautas-en-el-espacio/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Nick Hague pedals on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization (CEVIS), an exercise cycle located aboard the International Space Station's Destiny laboratory module. CEVIS provides aerobic and cardiovascular conditioning through recumbent (leaning back position) or upright cycling activities." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1200&h=800&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">8 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Preguntas frecuentes: La verdadera historia del cuidado de la salud de los astronautas en el espacio</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 months ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/el-x-59-enciende-su-motor-por-primera-vez-rumbo-al-despegue/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1920" height="1281" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1281&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="View from outside a large run stall. The 100-foot-long X-59 sits in the run stall with the engine and the rest of the back of the aircraft sitting outside the run stall’s open bay door." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1281&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1025&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1200&h=801&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">El X-59 enciende su motor por primera vez rumbo al despegue</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 months ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="primary" class="site-main"> <article id="post-140814" class="post-140814 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-history category-apollo category-gemini"><section class="p-0"><div class="grid-container grid-row grid-container-block padding-x-3 desktop:padding-0"><div class="desktop:grid-col-3"></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-9 desktop:padding-left-9"><div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">11 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">60 Years Ago: NASA Selects A Second Group of Astronauts</h1></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grid-container grid-row grid-container-block padding-x-3 desktop:padding-0"><div class="desktop:grid-col-3 desktop:padding-right-5 desktop:padding-left-3 padding-top-3"><div class="article-meta-item grid-row flex-align-center border-bottom padding-top-0 padding-bottom-2 subtitle"><div class="grid-col"><h3 class="hds-meta-heading heading-14">John Uri</h3><h4 class="hds-meta-subheading heading-12 font-weight-regular">Johnson Space Center</h4></div></div><div class="article-meta-item grid-row flex-align-center border-bottom padding-y-2"><span class="heading-12 text-uppercase">Sep 16, 2022</span></div><div class="article-meta-item grid-row flex-align-center border-bottom padding-y-2 text-uppercase"><svg class="square-205 margin-right-1" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" style="enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;" xml:space="preserve"> <path class="st0" d="M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z"/> <path class="st0" d="M7,5c0,0,0,9,0,10l3-3l3,3c0-1,0-10,0-10H7z"/> </svg><span class="heading-12 text-uppercase">Article</span></div><div class="padding-y-2"> <ul class="social-icons social-icons-round"> <li class="social-icon social-icon-x "> <a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&text=60%20Years%20Ago%3A%20NASA%20Selects%20A%20Second%20Group%20of%20Astronauts&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts%2F" aria-label="Share on X."> <svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts%2F" aria-label="Share on Facebook."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fhistory%2F60-years-ago-nasa-selects-a-second-group-of-astronauts%2F" aria-label="Share on LinkedIn."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-rss"> <a href="/feed/" aria-label="Link to RSS Feed."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z"/><circle cx="219" cy="581" r="71"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div><div class="desktop:grid-col-9 desktop:padding-left-9 desktop:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-top-3 usa-article-content"><div class="entry-content"><p>On Sept. 17, 1962, NASA announced the selection of its second group of astronauts. Chosen from 253 applicants, the Next Nine as the group called themselves, consisted of four Air Force, three Navy, and for the first time two civilian pilots. NASA selected them primarily to fly the two-seat Gemini spacecraft designed to test techniques for the Apollo Moon landing program. Tragically, one of their members died in a plane crash while training for his first mission, and another died in the Apollo 1 fire. The seven remaining members of the group flew important missions in the Apollo program, with six traveling to the Moon and three walking on its surface. In addition, one flew a long-duration mission aboard Skylab, another flew on the first joint flight with the Soviet Union, and a third flew twice on the space shuttle, including its inaugural voyage.</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_1_uofh_cullen_auditorium_sep_17_1962_s62-06759.jpg" width="490" height="320"><br /> <em>The Group 2 astronauts pose following their introduction during the<br /> Sept. 17, 1962 press conference – front row, Charles “Pete” Conrad,<br /> left, Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, and John W. Young; back row,<br /> Elliot M. See, left, James A. McDivitt, James A. Lovell, Edward<br /> H. White, and Thomas P. Stafford.</em></p> <p>On April 18, 1962, NASA launched a widely-advertised campaign for its Flight Crew Training Program to select five to 10 new astronauts. The space agency needed more astronauts than the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-nasa-introduces-mercury-7-astronauts/">seven selected in April 1959</a> for the Mercury program to fill out crews to test and operate the new two-seat Gemini spacecraft. The astronauts flying in the Gemini program would demonstrate the various techniques needed to achieve President <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-president-kennedy-proposes-moon-landing-goal-in-speech-to-congress/">John F. Kennedy’s goal of landing a man on the Moon</a>. From the 253 applications received by the June 1 deadline (one arrived a week late, but managers chose to accept it anyway), NASA whittled the field down to 32 finalists who underwent intensive medical examinations at Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio. During this phase, physicians disqualified one candidate for exceeding the height requirement. In July and August, the 31 finalists appeared before the selection board for further tests and interviews by Coordinator of Astronaut Activities <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/slayton_donald.pdf?emrc=f1c825" rel="noopener">Donald K. “Deke” Slayton</a> and the other members of the board. On Sept. 14, Slayton telephoned the nine newly-selected astronauts with the good news. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/20-years-ago-remembering-robert-gilruth/">Robert R. Gilruth</a>, director of the Manned Spacecraft Center, now NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, introduced the nine new astronauts during a press conference held at the University of Houston’s Cullen Auditorium on Sept. 17. This second group of NASA astronauts, known as the New Nine or the Next Nine to differentiate them from the Original Seven Mercury astronauts, included <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/armstrong_neil.pdf?emrc=58c2ba" rel="noopener">Neil A. Armstrong</a> (civilian), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/borman_frank_0.pdf?emrc=958ace" rel="noopener">Frank Borman</a> (U.S. Air Force), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/conrad_charles.pdf?emrc=2dbaa3" rel="noopener">Charles “Pete” Conrad</a> (U.S. Navy), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/lovell_james_0.pdf?emrc=99cdb4?emrc=99cdb4" rel="noopener">James A. Lovell</a> (U.S. Navy), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/lovell_james_0.pdf?emrc=99cdb4?emrc=99cdb4" rel="noopener">James A. McDivitt</a> (U.S. Air Force), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/see_elliot.pdf?emrc=d07bad" rel="noopener">Elliot M. See</a> (civilian), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/stafford_thomas.pdf?emrc=077c78" rel="noopener">Thomas P. Stafford</a> (U.S. Air Force), <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/white_edward.pdf?emrc=c9685d" rel="noopener">Edward H. White</a> (U.S. Air Force), and <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/young_john.pdf?emrc=1bda00" rel="noopener">John W. Young</a> (U.S. Navy).</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_2_cape_lc-20_w_titan_rocket_sep_1962.jpg" alt="group_2_astronauts_cape_lc-20_w_titan_rocket_sep_1962" width="244" height="190"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_3_cape_ma-8_launch_oct_1962.jpg" alt="group_2_astronauts_cape_ma-8_launch_oct_1962" width="199" height="190"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_4_at_naa_downey_dec_4_1962_s62-09037.jpg" alt="group_2_astronauts_at_naa_downey_dec_4_1962" width="261" height="190"><br /> <em>Left: The nine Group 2 astronauts pose in front of a Titan II rock</em><em>et at Cape Canaveral – James A. McDivitt,<br /> left, John W. Young, Elliot M. See, Frank Borman, Edward H. White, Thomas P. Stafford, James A. Lovell,<br /> Charles “Pete” Conrad, and Neil A. Armstrong. Middle: Eight of the nine Group 2 astronauts watch the<br /> launch of Mercury-Atlas 8 at Cape Canaveral – Armstrong, left, Borman, Lovell, Stafford, Conrad,<br /> Young (kneeling), White, and McDivitt. Right: The Next Nine pose in front of an Apollo Command<br /> Module mockup at the North American plant in Downey, California.</em></p> <p>During their first few months as astronauts, the nine visited various NASA centers and contractor facilities to become familiar with the space program they volunteered for. One of the group’s first activities included a tour of facilities at Cape Canaveral in Florida in October. While there, they witnessed the successful launch of astronaut <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/schirra_walter.pdf?emrc=bd4fab" rel="noopener">Walter M. Schirra</a> aboard his Sigma 7 capsule on the six-orbit Mercury-Atlas-8 mission. In January 1963, they visited Meteor Crater in Arizona with geologist Eugene M. Shoemaker. Each astronaut received a technical assignment, to become an expert in specific aspects of spaceflight and pass their knowledge on to the rest of the group, and to help in the design of spacecraft, rockets, spacesuits, control systems, and simulators.</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_groups_1_and_2" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_5_groups_1_and_2_s63-01419_feb_19_1963.jpg" width="560" height="250"><br /> <em>Photo of the Group 1 (front row) and Group 2 (back row) astronauts in February 1963.</em></p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_jungle_survival_training_jun_1963" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_6_jungle_survival_training_jun_1963.jpg" width="209" height="165"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_desert_survival_training_nevada_aug_1963" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_7_desert_survival_training_nevada_aug_1963.jpg" width="246" height="165"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_press_conference_announcing_gemini_3_crew_in_auditorium_apr_13_1964" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_8_press_conference_announcing_gemini_3_crew_in_auditorium_apr_13_1964_s64-19466.jpg" width="247" height="165"><br /> <em>Left: Group 1 and 2 astronauts during survival training in Panama. Middle: The Next Nine during desert<br /> survival training in Nevada. Right: In the new auditorium of the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), now<br /> NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, the introduction of the Gemini 3 crews – the backup crew of<br /> Walter M. Schirra, left, and Thomas P. Stafford, MSC Director Robert R. Gilruth, the prime crew of<br /> Virgil I. “Gus” Grissom and John W. Young, and Director of Flight<br /> Crew Operations Donald K. “Deke” Slayton.</em></p> <p>By June 1963, the New Nine had integrated with the Mercury Seven to form a 16-man astronaut corps. The group completed a week-long jungle-survival training at the Caribbean Air Command Tropic Survival School at Albrook Air Force Base in the Panama Canal Zone. The following month, they endured centrifuge training in Johnsville, Pennsylvania, followed by desert survival training in Nevada in August. In September, they underwent water-survival training at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Florida, and in November, they took helicopter flying lessons. Slayton could select crews for upcoming Gemini missions from this cadre of astronauts. He initially paired Mercury astronaut <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shepard_alan.pdf?emrc=adfc8c" rel="noopener">Alan B. Shepard</a> with Stafford for Gemini 3, the first crewed flight of the new two-seat spacecraft, with Mercury veteran <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/grissom_virgil.pdf?emrc=6f793c" rel="noopener">Virgil I. “Gus” Grissom</a> and Borman as their backups. When Shepard’s medical condition grounded him, Slayton replaced the prime crew with Grissom and Young, with Schirra and Stafford as their backups. On April 13, 1964, during one of the first public events in the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/building-on-a-mission-the-auditorium-and-external-relations-office-building/">MSC auditorium</a> at the new Clear Lake site, Gilruth and Slayton introduced the Gemini 3 crews to the press.</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_armstrong" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_9_armstrong_s64-31453.jpg" width="189" height="230"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_borman" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_10_borman_s64-31456.jpg" width="184" height="230"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_conrad" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_11_conrad_s64-31466.jpg" width="183" height="230"><br /> <em>Group 2 astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, left, Frank Borman, and Charles “Pete” Conrad.</em></p> <p>The one late application to the second group of astronauts belonged to Armstrong. Had managers not accepted it, one can speculate who would wear the mantle of first man on the Moon. Armstrong’s first technical assignment involved monitoring the development of mission simulators. For his first spaceflight assignment, Slayton selected him as the backup command pilot for the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-5-sets-a-new-record/">Gemini V</a> mission, a planned eight-day endurance flight. He then rotated to prime command pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-viii-the-first-docking-in-space/">Gemini VIII</a>. The flight completed the first docking in space, and Armstrong showed his mettle when an errant thruster forced an emergency return. He next served as backup command pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-xi-achieves-one-orbit-rendezvous-record-altitude/">Gemini XI</a> and as backup commander for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/dec-27-1968-apollo-8-returns-from-the-moon/">Apollo 8</a>, the first Moon orbital mission. As prime commander on <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-11-crew/">Apollo 11</a>, Armstrong took humanity’s first steps on the Moon. Slayton assigned Borman to monitor modifications to human-rate the Titan II missile. For Borman’s first crew assignment, Slayton named him as the backup command pilot for Gemini IV, from which he rotated to prime command pilot for the 14-day <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-u-s-crew-for-the-apollo-soyuz-test-project/">Gemini VII</a> mission. After the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-the-apollo-1-fire-and-its-aftermath/">January 1967 Apollo fire</a>, Borman served on the team that investigated the cause of the accident and helped to oversee the redesign the Apollo spacecraft. His next crew assignment saw Borman as commander of an Apollo mission that became <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/dec-27-1968-apollo-8-returns-from-the-moon/">Apollo 8</a>, the first crewed flight around the Moon. Conrad, who just missed out on selection for the Mercury group, served as pilot for the eight-day <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-5-sets-a-new-record/">Gemini V</a> mission, then as backup command pilot to Armstrong on <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-viii-the-first-docking-in-space/">Gemini VIII</a>, before serving as command pilot of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-xi-achieves-one-orbit-rendezvous-record-altitude/">Gemini XI</a>. In the Apollo program, Conrad served as backup commander on <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-9-completes-its-mission/">Apollo 9</a> before rotating to command <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-three-more-like-before-the-recovery-of-apollo-12/">Apollo 12</a>, the second lunar landing, becoming the third person to walk on the Moon. For his fourth and final flight, Conrad commanded the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/skylab-2-mission-accomplished/">first mission aboard Skylab</a>, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/skylab-2-first-repair-spacewalk/">repairing the troubled space station</a> during a then record-breaking 28-day flight.</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_lovell" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_12_lovell_s64-29923.jpg" width="184" height="230"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_mcdivitt" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_13_mcdivitt_s64-31851.jpg" width="190" height="230"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_see" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_14_see_s64-33286.jpg" width="184" height="230"><br /> <em>Group 2 astronauts James A. Lovell, left, James A. McDivitt, and Elliot M. See.</em></p> <p>Lovell, who like Conrad also just missed selection as a Mercury astronaut, first served as backup pilot on Gemini IV, then as pilot for the 14-day <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-u-s-crew-for-the-apollo-soyuz-test-project/">Gemini VII</a> flight. In the crew shuffling that took place after the deaths of the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-remembering-elliot-see-and-charles-bassett/">Gemini IX</a> prime crew, Lovell served as the backup command pilot for that flight and then as command pilot for the final mission of the program, <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-xii-closes-out-a-successful-program-paves-the-way-for-apollo/">Gemini XII</a>. From his first Apollo assignment as backup Command Module Pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/dec-27-1968-apollo-8-returns-from-the-moon/">Apollo 8</a>, he moved up to the prime position when the original astronaut was sidelined with a medical issue. He next served as Armstrong’s backup as commander of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-apollo-11-crew/">Apollo 11</a> and then made his fourth and final flight as commander of the ill-fated <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-13-crew-returns-safely-to-earth/">Apollo 13</a>. McDivitt’s first assignment involved the development of spacecraft guidance and control systems, then his first crew assignment as command pilot for Gemini IV, the first rookie to command an American space mission. He temporarily served as the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-three-months-until-apollo-1/">backup command pilot for Apollo 1</a>, then as commander for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-9-completes-its-mission/">Apollo 9</a>, the first crewed test of the Lunar Module. McDivitt went on to serve as manager of the Apollo program office. Slayton assigned See to monitor the development of spacecraft electrical systems before assigning him as backup pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-5-sets-a-new-record/">Gemini V</a>. From that position, See rotated to the command pilot position for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-ix-and-the-angry-alligator/">Gemini IX</a>, but <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-remembering-elliot-see-and-charles-bassett/">he and his pilot died in a plane crash</a> on Feb. 28, 1966, just three months before their scheduled spaceflight.</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_stafford" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_15_stafford_s66-20648.jpg" width="190" height="230"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_white" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_16_white_s64-31632.jpg" width="188" height="230"> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_young" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_17_young_s64-29940.jpg" width="184" height="230"><br /> <em>Group 2 astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, left, Edward H. White, and John W. Young.</em></p> <p>As noted above, Slayton initially assigned Stafford as pilot for Gemini 3, but after Shepard’s medical disqualification, he moved him to the backup crew. Following that assignment, Stafford served as pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-the-spirit-of-76-the-first-rendezvous-in-space/">Gemini VI</a>, during which he and Schirra conducted the first rendezvous in space with <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-the-spirit-of-76-the-first-rendezvous-in-space/">Gemini VII</a>. Next assigned as back up command pilot on <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-ix-and-the-angry-alligator/">Gemini IX</a>, Stafford moved up to the prime position following the death of the prime crew, flying two missions just six months apart. For Apollo, he first served as the backup commander for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-7-ends-101-successful/">Apollo 7</a>, then as prime commander for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-10-clears-the-way-for-the-first-moon-landing/">Apollo 10</a>, the final dress rehearsal for Moon landing. In 1975, Stafford made his fourth and final mission as the American commander for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/45-years-ago-apollo-returns-home-to-end-astp/">Apollo-Soyuz Test Project</a>, the joint mission with the Soviet Union. White’s technical assignment involved overseeing flight control development. He served as the pilot for Gemini IV, during which he conducted the first American spacewalk. He served as the backup command pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-the-spirit-of-76-the-first-rendezvous-in-space/">Gemini VII</a>, before his assignment as senior pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-three-months-until-apollo-1/">Apollo 1</a>, the first planned Apollo crewed mission. Tragically, White died in the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-tragedy-on-the-launch-pad/">spacecraft fire</a> during a training session on the launch pad. Slayton assigned Young to oversee the development of the Gemini pressure suits. On his first crew assignment, he served as pilot for Gemini 3, the first crewed mission of the program, then as backup pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-the-spirit-of-76-the-first-rendezvous-in-space/">Gemini VI</a>, before making his second flight as command pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/55-years-ago-gemini-x-soars-to-new-heights/">Gemini X</a>. In the Apollo program, Young served as backup command module pilot for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-7-ends-101-successful/">Apollo 7</a>, flew around the Moon as command module pilot during <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-10-clears-the-way-for-the-first-moon-landing/">Apollo 10</a>, backed up Lovell as commander of <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-13-crew-returns-safely-to-earth/">Apollo 13</a>, walked on the Moon as <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-apollo-16-splashes-down/">Apollo 16</a> commander, and finally served as backup commander for <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-nasa-names-crew-for-apollo-17-the-last-moon-landing-mission/">Apollo 17</a>, the final Apollo Moon landing mission. Young stayed with NASA through the early years of the space shuttle program, commanding <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/40-years-ago-space-shuttle-columbia-returns-home/">STS-1</a>, the inaugural flight of the program, and <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/35-years-ago-sts-9-the-first-spacelab-science-mission/">STS-9</a>, his sixth and final mission and the first flight of the European Space Agency-built Spacelab science module. Before the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/35-years-ago-remembering-challenger-and-her-crew/">Challenger accident</a>, Young had been assigned to what would have been his seventh mission, but the accident disrupted the program and changed many crew assignments.</p> <p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="group_2_astronauts_flight_summary_picture" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/group_2_astronauts_18_flight_summary_picture.jpg" width="709" height="138"><br /> <em>Summary of spaceflights by Group 2 astronauts. The highlighted boxes with flight names in italics<br /> represent astronauts who died before they could undertake the mission.</em></p> <p>By Slayton’s own account, the Group 2 astronauts comprised, “the best all-around group ever put together,” and their contributions helped America achieve President Kennedy’s goal of landing a man on the Moon. They flew 25 space missions among them, during the critical Gemini program that demonstrated the key techniques required for lunar missions, as well as the Apollo and even later programs. Two-thirds of the nine-member group traveled to the Moon, two of them twice, and one-third left boot prints in the lunar dust. The first of the group to make a spaceflight, Young in March 1965, also made the last, in November 1983, his then record-breaking sixth mission. Two made the ultimate sacrifice for the nation’s space program.</p> <div class="edit-post-link"></div></div></div></div></section></article> </main> <footer class="usa-footer bg-carbon-black-important padding-x-3 padding-y-7"> <div class="usa-footer__primary-section bg-carbon-black-important"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-0"> <img fetchpriority="low" width="63.99" height="53.94" class="width-8 margin-bottom-2" alt="NASA Logo" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg"> </div> <div class="grid-container grid-container-widescreen"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-5 padding-right-0 tablet:padding-right-2 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0 color-spacesuit-white"> <div class="hds-footer-details"> <h3 class="heading-22 line-height-md">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</h3> <p class="p-sm color-carbon-30">NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.</p> <ul class="hds-footer-menu usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/"><span>About NASA's Mission</span></a></li> </ul> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-sm link-external-false" tabindex="0"> <span class="line-height-alt-1 color-spacesuit-white-important">Join Us</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-6 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0 padding-0"> <div class="desktop:padding-left-5 desktop:padding-right-5 grid-row color-spacesuit-white"> <div class="grid-col"> <ul class="hds-footer-menu hds-menu-col-3 usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/"><span>News & Events</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/"><span>Multimedia</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/" class="usa-nav__link-nasa-live"><span>NASA+</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/"><span>Missions</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/"><span>Humans in Space</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/"><span>Earth & Climate</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/"><span>The Solar System</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/"><span>The Universe</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/"><span>Science</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/"><span>Aeronautics</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/"><span>Technology</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/"><span>Learning Resources</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/"><span>About NASA</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/" target="_blank"><span>NASA en Español</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-col-2 color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-5 tablet:margin-bottom-0 padding-right-5 desktop:padding-right-0"> <div class="width-fit-content margin-left-0 desktop:margin-left-auto"> <div class="hds-footer-socials margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 color-carbon-40 margin-bottom-2">Follow NASA</h3> <ul class="social-icons margin-bottom-3"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASA" title="NASA on Facebook" target="_blank"><svg alt="Facebook" width="9" height="18" viewBox="0 0 9 18" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.55557 4.25966H6.95557C6.31794 4.25966 6.1852 4.52158 6.1852 5.18173V6.63003H8.55557L8.30787 9.0004H6.1852V17.2967H2.62965V9.0004H0.259277V6.63003H2.62965V3.89462C2.62965 1.79803 3.73306 0.704102 6.21957 0.704102H8.55557V4.25966Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path></svg></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasa/" title="NASA on Instagram" target="_blank"><svg alt="Instagram" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.74015 9.0004C4.74015 11.3542 6.64829 13.2611 9.00089 13.2611C11.3535 13.2611 13.2616 11.353 13.2616 9.0004C13.2616 6.6478 11.3535 4.74084 9.00089 4.74084C6.64829 4.74084 4.74015 6.6478 4.74015 9.0004ZM11.7625 9.00037C11.7625 10.5281 10.524 11.7654 8.9975 11.7654C7.47098 11.7654 6.23247 10.5281 6.23247 9.00037C6.23247 7.47267 7.47098 6.23533 8.9975 6.23533C10.524 6.23533 11.7625 7.47267 11.7625 9.00037Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path><path d="M12.4344 4.57255C12.4344 5.12247 12.88 5.5681 13.4299 5.5681C13.9798 5.5681 14.4255 5.12129 14.4255 4.57255C14.4255 4.02262 13.9798 3.57699 13.4299 3.57699C12.88 3.57699 12.4344 4.02262 12.4344 4.57255Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.4225 17.2469C15.4317 17.1083 17.1111 15.4371 17.2474 12.4208C17.2877 11.5367 17.2972 11.2534 17.2972 9.0004C17.2972 6.74736 17.2877 6.46529 17.2474 5.57995C17.1123 2.57077 15.4388 0.893731 12.4225 0.755065C11.5372 0.713583 11.2539 0.704102 9.00089 0.704102C6.74785 0.704102 6.46578 0.713583 5.58044 0.755065C2.56652 0.892546 0.893034 2.56484 0.754367 5.57995C0.714071 6.46529 0.70459 6.74736 0.70459 9.0004C0.70459 11.2534 0.714071 11.5367 0.754367 12.4208C0.893034 15.4348 2.56533 17.1083 5.58044 17.2469C6.46578 17.2872 6.74785 17.2967 9.00089 17.2967C11.2539 17.2967 11.5372 17.2872 12.4225 17.2469ZM9.00089 2.19981C11.216 2.19981 11.4791 2.20692 12.3538 2.24721C14.6021 2.35032 15.651 3.41699 15.7553 5.64869C15.7944 6.52336 15.8027 6.78529 15.8027 9.0004C15.8027 11.2155 15.7944 11.4786 15.7553 12.3533C15.651 14.5838 14.6044 15.6528 12.3538 15.7548C11.4791 15.7951 11.2172 15.8034 9.00089 15.8034C6.78577 15.8034 6.52266 15.7939 5.64918 15.7548C3.39378 15.6517 2.35081 14.5803 2.2477 12.3533C2.20859 11.4774 2.19911 11.2155 2.19911 9.0004C2.19911 6.78529 2.20859 6.52336 2.2477 5.64869C2.35081 3.41581 3.39852 2.35032 5.64918 2.24721C6.52385 2.2081 6.78577 2.19981 9.00089 2.19981Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path></svg></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://x.com/NASA" title="NASA on X" target="_blank"><svg alt="X" width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"/></svg></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@NASA" title="NASA on YouTube" target="_blank"><svg alt="YouTube" width="18" height="12" viewBox="0 0 18 12" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.73629 11.7981C6.224 11.9687 11.773 11.9687 14.2643 11.7981C16.9594 11.6132 17.2759 10.3012 17.2972 6.00015C17.2759 1.7074 16.963 0.387108 14.2643 0.202219C11.7742 0.0315521 6.224 0.0315521 3.73629 0.202219C1.04237 0.387108 0.724738 1.69911 0.70459 6.00015C0.724738 10.2929 1.03881 11.6132 3.73629 11.7981ZM6.6283 3.22455L12.4559 5.99552L6.6283 8.77596V3.22455Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path></svg></a> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="hds-footer-menu usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/social-media/"><span>More NASA Social Accounts</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-newsletters/"><span>NASA Newsletters</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-12 margin-bottom-2 padding-top-3 border-top-1px hds-footer-secondary"> <ul class="color-carbon-30-important hds-footer-menu hds-footer-menu-horizontal usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/sitemap/"><span>Sitemap</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/nasa-media-contacts/"><span>For Media</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-web-privacy-policy-and-important-notices/"><span>Privacy Policy</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/foia/"><span>FOIA</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/no-fear-act/"><span>No FEAR Act</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://oig.nasa.gov/" target="_blank"><span>Office of the IG</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/budgets-plans-and-reports/"><span>Budget & Annual Reports</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/organizations/budget-annual-reports/agency-financial-reports/"><span>Agency Financial Reports</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/contact-nasa/"><span>Contact NASA</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/accessibility/"><span>Accessibility</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="margin-top-4 desktop:margin-top-0 grid-col-12"> <ul class="color-carbon-40-important hds-footer-menu hds-footer-menu-horizontal hds-menu-meta usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="hds-footer-meta"> <div class="hds-footer-meta-label"> Page Last Updated: </div> <div class="hds-footer-meta-value"> Sep 22, 2023 </div> </li> <li class="hds-footer-meta"> <div class="hds-footer-meta-label"> Page Editor: </div> <div class="hds-footer-meta-value"> Taylor Hawkins </div> </li> <li class="hds-footer-meta"> <div class="hds-footer-meta-label"> Responsible NASA Official: </div> <div class="hds-footer-meta-value"> Abigail Bowman </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <style id='nasa-blocks-article-intro-style-inline-css'> </style> <style id='wp-block-paragraph-inline-css'> .is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?m=1739294314g" ></script><script defer="defer" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script id="wp-parsely-loader-js-before"> window.wpParselySiteId = 'nasa.gov'; </script> <script defer="defer" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/wp-parsely/build/loader.js?ver=b681bb9905652ac12735" id="wp-parsely-loader-js"></script> <script id="wp-parsely-tracker-js-before"> window.PARSELY = window.PARSELY || (window.PARSELY = {}); PARSELY.cookieDomain = window.location.host; </script> <script data-parsely-site="nasa.gov" defer="defer" src="https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/nasa.gov/p.js?ver=3.17.0" id="parsely-cfg"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nasa.gov/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9EvyClNz8wr1k8vSizLLKlMyy/KLdbPAqLC0tSiSr2s4vw8vdzMPCBDR58Ibch8qD77XFtDc2MLS1MLQ0ODLAC1Vi5G" defer></script></body> </html>