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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alan Gardiner</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ألان جاردنر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألان جاردنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алан Хендэрсан Гардынер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алан Хендэрсан Гардынер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Άλαν Γκάρντινερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλαν Γκάρντινερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1" title="آلن گاردینر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلن گاردینر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" title="Alan Henderson Gardiner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alan Henderson Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A8%EB%9F%B0_%EA%B0%80%EB%94%94%EB%84%88" title="앨런 가디너 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앨런 가디너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="אלן גרדינר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלן גרדינר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B1" title="الان هندرسون جاردنر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الان هندرسون جاردنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="アラン・ガーディナー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・ガーディナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" title="Alan Henderson Gardiner – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alan Henderson Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_H._Gardiner" title="Alan H. Gardiner – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alan H. Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гардинер, Алан Хендерсон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гардинер, Алан Хендерсон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alan Gardiner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алан Гардінер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алан Гардінер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English Egyptologist and philologist (1879–1963)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Gardiner,_British_Egyptologist.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/Alan_Gardiner%2C_British_Egyptologist.png/220px-Alan_Gardiner%2C_British_Egyptologist.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9b/Alan_Gardiner%2C_British_Egyptologist.png 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="383" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gardiner in 1938</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1879-03-29</span>)</span>29 March 1879<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Eltham" title="Eltham">Eltham</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">19 December 1963<span style="display:none">(1963-12-19)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Iffley" title="Iffley">Iffley</a>, near Oxford, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Iffley" title="St Mary the Virgin, Iffley">Iffley churchyard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_School" title="Charterhouse School">Charterhouse School</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's College, Oxford">Queen's College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Egyptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptologist">Egyptologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Advancing knowledge of ancient languages, aided <a href="/wiki/KV62" class="mw-redirect" title="KV62">Tutankhamun's tomb</a> excavation</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardiner_(art_collector)" title="Margaret Gardiner (art collector)">Margaret Gardiner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/H._Balfour_Gardiner" title="H. Balfour Gardiner">H. Balfour Gardiner</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a> (grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a> (grandson)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span></span> (29 March 1879 – 19 December 1963) was an English <a href="/wiki/Egyptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptologist">Egyptologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">linguist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Independent_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent scholar">independent scholar</a>. He is regarded as one of the premier Egyptologists of the early and mid-20th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardiner was born on 29 March 1879 in <a href="/wiki/Eltham,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Eltham, London">Eltham</a>, which was then in the English county of <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. His father was <a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Gardiner_(businessman)" title="Henry John Gardiner (businessman)">Henry John Gardiner</a>, a highly successful entrepreneur and businessman who made a considerable fortune in the <a href="/wiki/Drapery" title="Drapery">drapery</a> and wholesale linen trade in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> and London.<sup id="cite_ref-Lloyd_2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lloyd_2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, Clara Elizabeth <i>née</i> Honey, died in his infancy and he and his elder brother, the composer <a href="/wiki/H._Balfour_Gardiner" title="H. Balfour Gardiner">H. Balfour Gardiner</a>, were brought up by their father's housekeeper. Gardiner was educated at <a href="/wiki/Temple_Grove_School" title="Temple Grove School">Temple Grove School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charterhouse_School" title="Charterhouse School">Charterhouse</a>. </p><p>At school he developed an interest in ancient Egypt, and in 1895–96 he studied under the French archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Gaston Maspero</a> in Paris. He then went to <a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">Queen's College, Oxford</a> with a scholarship to study <i><a href="/wiki/Literae_humaniores" title="Literae humaniores">Literae humaniores</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a>). Having achieved a <a href="/wiki/Second_class_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Second class honours">second</a> in <a href="/wiki/Honour_Moderations" title="Honour Moderations">Mods</a>, he changed to Hebrew and Arabic, graduating <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> with a <a href="/wiki/First_class_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="First class honours">first class</a> degree in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later a student of the prominent Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Heinrich_Sethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Heinrich Sethe">Kurt Heinrich Sethe</a> in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1901, after graduating, he married Hedwig von Rosen in Vienna. They had two sons and a daughter, including the rural revivalist campaigner <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardiner_(art_collector)" title="Margaret Gardiner (art collector)">Margaret Gardiner</a>, a patron of the arts.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gardiner moved to <a href="/wiki/Iffley" title="Iffley">Iffley</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> in 1947. He died there on 19 December 1963 and, after cremation, his ashes were interred in <a href="/wiki/St_Mary_the_Virgin,_Iffley" title="St Mary the Virgin, Iffley">Iffley churchyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1902 Gardiner moved to Berlin, to help gather material for <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erman" title="Adolf Erman">Adolf Erman</a>'s projected Egyptian dictionary, serving as a sub-editor from 1906 to 1908. From 1906 to 1912, he was the Laycock Fellow of Egyptology at <a href="/wiki/Worcester_College,_Oxford" title="Worcester College, Oxford">Worcester College, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WWW_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWW-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1909 he spent two seasons assisting <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Weigall" title="Arthur Weigall">Arthur Weigall</a> in surveying private tombs in the <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a> area. From 1912 to 1914, he was <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">Reader</a> in Egyptology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>. He otherwise avoided formal academic posts and followed his own academic interests, family wealth enabling him to be financially independent.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary fellow">honorary fellow</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">The Queen's College, Oxford</a>, his <i>alma mater</i> from 1935 until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Returning to Egypt in 1915, while working on inscriptions at <a href="/wiki/Serabit_el-Khadim" title="Serabit el-Khadim">Serabit el-Khadim</a> in the Sinai Peninsula, he identified an unknown hieroglyphic script as the earliest known <a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Semitic alphabet</a>, probably the ancestor of all later Semitic and European ones.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Howard_Carter" title="Howard Carter">Howard Carter</a> discovered the near–intact <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Tutankhamun" title="Tomb of Tutankhamun">tomb of Tutankhamun</a> in November 1922, Gardiner provided advice and support. This included helping to decipher inscriptions and seal impressions found in the tomb, and advising on <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert,_5th_Earl_of_Carnarvon" title="George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon">Lord Carnarvon's</a> exclusive contract with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, and during the 1924–25 legal dispute with the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Antiquities" title="Supreme Council of Antiquities">Egyptian Department of Antiquities</a> on access to the partly-excavated tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gardiner continued to research and publish books and articles until the early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Who_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He however exercised an influence on Egyptology far beyond his publications. Although he held no important academic post, he was universally respected as a senior member of the academic community, and was often consulted on academic appointments.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a prominent figure in the <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Exploration_Society" title="Egypt Exploration Society">Egypt Exploration Fund</a> and served as honorary secretary for 1917 to 1920, and later served as its president.<sup id="cite_ref-Who_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his career, Gardiner obtained a number of academic honours, including <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">DLitt</a> from Oxford (1910), <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">Fellow of the British Academy</a> (1929),<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> election to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> (1943),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an honorary DLitt from both <a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a> (1952) and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> (1956),<sup id="cite_ref-Who_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and election to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (1957).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighted</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1948_Birthday_Honours" title="1948 Birthday Honours">1948 Birthday Honours</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gardiner's publications include a 1959 book on his study of <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin King List</a>, and his 1961 work <i>Egypt of the Pharaohs</i>, which covered all aspects of Egyptian chronology and history at the time of publication. </p><p>His works related mainly to ancient languages, with his major contributions to ancient <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> including three editions of <i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Grammar:_Being_an_Introduction_to_the_Study_of_Hieroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs">Egyptian Grammar</a></i> and its correlated list of all the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Egyptian">Middle Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyph" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian hieroglyph">hieroglyphs</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_Sign_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardiner's Sign List">Gardiner's Sign List</a></i>. Publishing <i>Egyptian Grammar</i> produced one of the few available hieroglyphic printing fonts. </p><p>In 1914 he helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Exploration_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Exploration Fund">Egypt Exploration Fund</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Journal of Egyptian Archaeology">Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</a></i> which he edited intermittently between 1916 and 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Who_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Who-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage from a Hieratic Papyrus in Leiden (Pap. Leiden 334 recto)</i>. Leipzig, 1909 (reprint Hildesheim - Zürich - New York, 1990).</li> <li><i>A Topographical Catalogue of the Private Tombs of Thebes</i>, with <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Weigall" title="Arthur Weigall">Arthur E.P. Weigall</a>, London, Bernard Quaritch, 1913 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/topographicalcat00garduoft">read online</a>).</li> <li>"New Literary Works from Ancient Egypt", <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Journal of Egyptian Archaeology">Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</a></i> 1 (1914), 20-36 and 100–106.</li> <li><i>Notes on the story of Sinuhe</i>, Paris, Librairie Honoré Champion, 1916 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2186/ksl:garnot00">Read online</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.case.edu/ksl/">Kelvin Smith Library</a>).</li> <li>"The Tomb of a much-travelled Theban Official", <i>Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i> 4 (1917), 28–38.</li> <li>"On Certain Participial Formations in Egyptian", <i>Rev. ég.</i> N.S. 2/1-2 (1920), 42–55.</li> <li>"The Eloquent Peasant", JEA 9 (1923), 5-25.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Grammar:_Being_an_Introduction_to_the_Study_of_Hieroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs">Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs</a></i>, 3rd Ed., pub. <a href="/wiki/Griffith_Institute" title="Griffith Institute">Griffith Institute</a>, Oxford, 1957 (1st edition 1927), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900416-35-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-900416-35-1">0-900416-35-1</a></li> <li><i>The Theory of Speech and Language</i>, 1932</li> <li>"The Earliest Manuscripts of the Instruction of Amenemmes I", <i>Mélanges Maspero</i> I.2, 479–496. 1934</li> <li><i>Ancient Egyptian Onomastica</i>. Vol. I—III. London, 1947.</li> <li><i>The Ramesseum Papyri</i>. Plates (Oxford 1955)</li> <li><i>The Theory of Proper Names: A Controversial Essay</i>. London; New York: Oxford University Press, 1957.</li> <li><i>Egypt of the Pharaohs</i>, Oxford 1961</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_Sign_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardiner's Sign List">Gardiner's Sign List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Gardiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Balfour Gardiner">Henry Balfour Gardiner</a> (composer), his brother</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Gardiner_(art_collector)" title="Margaret Gardiner (art collector)">Margaret Gardiner</a>, his daughter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a>, his son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a>, his grandson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">Martin Bernal</a>, his grandson</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lloyd_2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lloyd_2005_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2005" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd, Stephen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NHdVK2-3ITkC"><i>H. Balfour Gardiner</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521619226" title="Special:BookSources/9780521619226"><bdi>9780521619226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.+Balfour+Gardiner&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780521619226&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNHdVK2-3ITkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2004" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, R. S. (2004). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>: Gardiner, Sir Alan Henderson</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/019861411X" title="Special:BookSources/019861411X"><bdi>019861411X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography%3A+Gardiner%2C+Sir+Alan+Henderson&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=019861411X&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=R.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas L. Gertzen, <i>Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner (1879-1963)</i> in William Carruthers (ed.), <i>Histories of Egyptology: Interdisciplinary Measures</i> (2014), p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWW-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WWW_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U52716">"Gardiner, Sir Alan (Henderson), (29 March 1879–19 Dec. 1963), Hon. Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; President of the Egypt Exploration Society"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Was_Who" class="mw-redirect" title="Who Was Who">Who Was Who</a></i>. Oxford University Press. 1 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who+Was+Who&rft.atitle=Gardiner%2C+Sir+Alan+%28Henderson%29%2C+%2829+March+1879%E2%80%9319+Dec.+1963%29%2C+Hon.+Fellow+of+Queen%27s+College%2C+Oxford%3B+President+of+the+Egypt+Exploration+Society&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU52716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinstone2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._V._F._Winstone" title="H. V. F. Winstone">Winstone, H.V.F.</a> (2006) [1991]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/828501310"><i>Howard Carter and the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun</i></a> (Revised ed.). Manchester: Barzan Publishing. pp. 161, 180, 227–229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-905521-04-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-905521-04-9"><bdi>1-905521-04-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/828501310">828501310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Howard+Carter+and+the+discovery+of+the+tomb+of+Tutankhamun&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=161%2C+180%2C+227-229&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Barzan+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F828501310&rft.isbn=1-905521-04-9&rft.aulast=Winstone&rft.aufirst=H.V.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F828501310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Who_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Who_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Who Was Who 1961–1970</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing, London. 1979. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-2008-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-2008-0"><bdi>0-7136-2008-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who+1961%E2%80%931970&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing%2C+London&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-7136-2008-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Alan+Gardiner&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DAlan%2BGardiner%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/alan-henderson-gardiner">"Alan Henderson Gardiner"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Alan+Henderson+Gardiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Falan-henderson-gardiner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette38311" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38311/page/3365">"No. 38311"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 4 June 1948. p. 3365.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+38311&rft.pages=3365&rft.date=1948-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F38311%2Fpage%2F3365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Gardiner&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1904" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gardiner, Alan H. (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8wkOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1">"The Installation of a Vizier"</a>. <i>Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l'archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes</i>. 26–27: 1–19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recueil+de+travaux+relatifs+%C3%A0+la+philologie+et+%C3%A0+l%27arch%C3%A9ologie+%C3%A9gyptiennes+et+assyriennes&rft.atitle=The+Installation+of+a+Vizier&rft.volume=26-27&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8wkOAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1913" class="citation journal cs1">Gardiner, Alan H. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7lZ7IZG6PEwC&pg=PA18">"Proceedings of the session: Dr. Alan H. Gardiner on the Nature of the Egyptian Hieroglyphic Writing"</a>. <i>Journal of the Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society</i> (published 1914): 18–19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Manchester+Egyptian+and+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+session%3A+Dr.+Alan+H.+Gardiner+on+the+Nature+of+the+Egyptian+Hieroglyphic+Writing&rft.pages=18-19&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Alan+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7lZ7IZG6PEwC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Gardiner" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource logo"><img alt="Wikisource logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works by or about <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Alan_Henderson_Gardiner" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Alan Henderson Gardiner">Alan Gardiner</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441060#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121267116">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32034939">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1756984/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtcDMV8d3Tf6rX7dBdvpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116423668">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043683">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121560990">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121560990">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gardiner, Alan Henderson"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV168234">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35968147">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20181014919&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX855753">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07525008X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=75141">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsvvxv0123vp2h">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810532555005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/191679">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116423668.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/116423668">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030071267">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67h4k89">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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