CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a50fbe940ce06',cH: 'xVL5YcvGUOuFKZg4mZifzpCeBAiCo.sRZxVZB1EvW5k-1740010674-1.2.1.1-ghsssUeKNBDJqaIIrvnxiBJzJnZH.iEPdEbM7MwGQmoOvCpOp.U35lmhrp77x97r',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tubular%20heat%20exchanger&__cf_chl_tk=toku9Pq_GUDgxwqk7CC1WL6Kv_vgop1h5s20SY1ugEk-1740010674-1.0.1.1-9KEgUvUn8ISV6OlZZLfXFyOr5gY_MaP85YGW3VdGOgw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740010674',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tubular%20heat%20exchanger&__cf_chl_f_tk=toku9Pq_GUDgxwqk7CC1WL6Kv_vgop1h5s20SY1ugEk-1740010674-1.0.1.1-9KEgUvUn8ISV6OlZZLfXFyOr5gY_MaP85YGW3VdGOgw",md: "pppzBK3_Q3CdIJbbwz9WGyTpxKl_YX8obMXo8wgOYws-1740010674-1.2.1.1-SZjzMdDf6GH9A7mZnLwrqaGc0IRHeKapwDJhH8MQBeExY7dvvbcKnL.TY67Pie9Wr1AExJvmOd.T1mUyRtLS4SBpRR_TtqE_zX1Q1ETzWlD2QqJKOIsnGW6zu2_HBCesRHCPBTdy.WLaUeJumLJGwyjorqtVpa92vfNy7C8nCQmeJCWaTbngif5AcpwOT8Ah3KBf180qqmNrvwZFA2mHQWfD5eTm1V6tj._H088zFIokbKWp4iPdVOpVwhC57qN4YOxj.4ErnL3jOKc3wQKJxY6bbRPRyaZ.LWj60hPoUb0NvISuiMaLbFHKhzkyJ6WE59PKhbe8MCJdVmEugA8pMlfXm0DXokvixLHxtKjAzYD.mARzbz7fDOhstyPzjwHZ1PSwoLdesURzuIrP_orbeFL0bTYUDgdshtwF90fAafC97DoBA46VosLGITZC.Tkly17YhOZ5ynkBqoRrh70HtyXCRXqz1d58Ga2aOceC5j8tUr2f8mwY_2xXZE54q9qG1_NM7YPG.NvS2ywPxr4wWSu96c05CDhYXT7scia7bjQ.2yDwEk6DMXmf46NxI_eSmdfQQgzNLIIj.lJN21ioLOtIjunDddyj3LSNluVGqwBcLax_YpWkRr83Jnf8i4jMGtIr6jDJ1zyyAoilKF8L130R8sj8aMXog3wePAvKj_bxINGv6Qz0Aa_0o_R.n69zsaDDJPoFGWH1mltYEFa0FPtYi76z8PJUkvBtUCOHsfznOX60vfdHzfBl7lYBiHeAXGi0u0CeYrJsSxnHiv8E.uSD6mCMZDgzqMlcOABLKykhUWV5uH3cnF6ZiZnzd9iXrUBjTqSr339xDvhG9rYsWhT9CWmAwRPFizvSsTHZJ6pGHRHI.HAu6JXUskZsc8lnO3EaklZ7iTG7UT5_2m47XL61BQMV4XxHvrm6SFWlaS.2SQdCGYgkJuvamiKaBN7ljZ6wVUU5QSaPCRkWisiob51jBTptbWlvWBpEH6wus.8gkO_FKEg2HjChKM8bI4jCtx95YT2kK2SlV_oOgUWJAofpVpNN4MJLUjayi4kuKwjZIRTIwvteTZB9mVK8e.IllU.8k_QJGBxTD1FMxOGotX1MBs8G2aEdMuNTEfEUK_DSHH7hkBkFVqlq4TM4XyYvh9kWjrFuxqET3USmYU7loS_HRmqJgQsIXhlLn7Lq3egP4atKmXXxbQfjMTcRrHcPEQELDCgHMxGyz39M6a28O8kNg8ATwVbZvxBUCpiz8422o3mkroRNgcmM7CnroUtJRQ4LyO3So4G7LrtAtsGzBsRz0hYtXhwfPk9CoYlxQ.4ngaVM5Y6VBPiDjJtDpNvEfCz.ZC1vXQbscs0wNkhermOjY_dWrC40CBe.L0NES2JigT8idxLVJLdrdVhyZ0lX9xTRn48nDDojWy9QL2WSQUcrsPk3uKYj1ROSe3YrHKLxmqGtLpuwgB69f29o244OE0oAfDsBg2dgOdT5s8.Ktl231Njr5YppAzMk2NJlW1YxXQpLVK9Itc2oBarIh_ZOrEKqCUCBv2A.o3ifF_1qIhXtSnhtjfIu_UgTBv7Fdk8yuf_a_pSWeFxV9TNs5GFg9z6wJqLrSO8kFbSsiGkcAOrPd85hN_CBkf8euiuvnHkGZ1CxXVqPYEwfWOQavM9UBXCb01PeN3WxOmSZjOZ5AhDxu27BprAlTsp.uQh1qjZsQIIs4_TlCnCKbBw3FvWK3L3ksbFRi37xkf3KV.kc0EPOjbVnWzd1bW6mH3SyUUbCyQaJxrPrYXcCdnklwYiJ5tL.6graacjQGkiWkxrW4wXsBAhlm9tAwCqCXqhPzV4vvRS1Y8wenJDfCUbTN6oqnptxEDYoGfoXlZGgr1sE_nW0eY02OnLZCGs_.mYHwqpr7Kkaxv2M1tJWiUW4Nm6jJ7k.mJHGeAiI8anB14mmZUaU7QNhO7BpS37dmkB8NC31GaJm_CvaMpR6xQi98l9V",mdrd: "rquja8i2ZyjfbiaQ.K7BuDdeFz_19kVUXqzxghVL0mA-1740010674-1.2.1.1-xYYY2SCH2TvpXIobr789rz625VHdX_1nmi9BEdRQnaQ.nUSy7xR7CfNMNjCGv8_09zCh8GtcKv.WdYKdhWbxoqXz7z0k3xKt5ODPEh81_ww6MVTmSN4YHki1O0fwswAwRT0fiHDogeVxASQ3fpfiaQFtMCNPdSwwUpxPANBl3IcXHxVuQ1Pqb0m0vjPsqBxrMaEOkkGLZRlevzAPGoXRK9Mu1fR3b8RGcuIRnUTJvvSHXShFVu7VUAyXrqc670fYFG.smrOWN8QsjpAvsR_8Pk8GVuiTkMpYaJEOp3xkn_OkkhVf95wSc7Z6yl02aDtnZ.CvsbpZO063XYkuWiuco.WLU_UWFTAygTjmfIdyGUMjDMPV5PfKcm9IK9D9gYKgWgW15nlfaOg5icmOmjG7oFMZmmneNnvvdB.RjG0zcfAzxdN15JfmNSweLGKjZY5LjUaUM1JpfwRsKYoHhC6qzLaRgWQAxngELVu7b_pQTSqqO6v8tCIY2vclUhm9zDPJ1RYiVq_lFG5y_ZDKwoqojjmgUlPg0Kt9LroOmSNbePU9s0H4phsUy3LMsX2okJYSMsu5n2.nPVg09au3viQC2PV7y4xcDxMhZQ1TxmUyvW2FiZXN84D9KTRQw9ra9OHG6tS9gYgTOG6SLrbCB90dJ0wZGn.H4Pxv4ERgBHZn56y3JVokEEb2J3yocRVc186UarJFbvl6SPjhx3.TJa6n2kVFlSnD6eejWmJTlIZk3DLgso6gInesgtmHPRyOlVSSGs.1F58T6IIxlQJOUqk0ELzqLVTE63x6WWUrWgyW3QHxC_VnQqzq_QsyuDqXcoIYu90PCkTHR4ogu6G0PQ3IeumJouTDyP5kYT7X4MIuLi7bqtvCe3mm_7dJT18oerdLlfNvFg_yhv5rXiGN2H5e4_6Byp4GqAq_.KX9Xx.CRlfCdNg.ReFVuGwrl6KKUvWMUiCKUJdgPTiSt_qgvrlVydqBuwQ6z.qqIuJIOCvAOg4oANVd0FfRMu6i3goCv5xNaSRlRwna2H4ppHvtDtvPajdrmwQz23YOuuLYM.lPegy5BEnEqTqM.jvTexInpjW5X.CZ8bSi.3GUQ_eK.ExuliBNs6PxRe9DVkzc2fNYVv7sD34Mc0mXvxCNQscYbyD.ug1IoF3nTosCLFd42bBnikOtGXbd4tkHWeiHIAGlwM5TrJeGbAnP.HCaEy8UJXvAUS4RgCEkfb1BsedA34uWzTC9njazkzfiOF8AVcEGc.ZVAr6jBgF4UoPVYnzf6wbnsH_8bEKdqcAEPW0VKBkbvztSX.xVLxnJVuGt7oIIrxIUwyTDOxoAHy5b1XWjKSAFsZWEp7i8_spB.nkkH1.KuuUOP01DosEa8FfReG4kilvQbtWvMhW.vm2jEzxwUUGVUycORkQG6b1N0Ah1bEwN8isvKWFSDdIRXuktDfzcgZlmGhszzChFWsPW6Z2H1i5OMy8bov_9dAvFRPUBZNsUfx98wHmOd6p5d2AP.v8Hms5pMtxeIjVxoC.Rkdb0qiMpeT2m6ZENWT_8qmHClqOKKKxZJmVgXs_rgX6M1BeppILqbgHDAHplq_J8G_8dBoOQz1.wQTaFsjgv1_yIBeNRiydwvfRJYeim8UoP6KP6EFXXSnux9_PXJ9ZNl.vAwWmgy92gkP7z_hoa_sHiRijSG8.ky0bRdHHt0XgJzbG2sSL6eIguSGlHe5J5751YlvRXMpNRPoLqSpUHIwemLEE5HlP7lqWbkCEgZyf4UnyFZghZrjUJ.mG2uhzIri23006XMsFRQOllE496dyQ2f952X70JH7NUa95p3teDVPpgbTaM33MtEB4ru5veUwawD3xy27AOYiQIGfDngSMsiEH0x7J3nr3z7pWgCg2D3gugSO0.MErntbfTP64j79VnN2hWuUxRi5xPtmMzEwQM7abP1_2qz3WSNDEIxCbsbiPgU7KqrXeGPUkBbgjH4DJPZ_r8OJqgvE.F9ZWeXsoTJqkoDg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a50fbe940ce06';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=tubular%20heat%20exchanger&__cf_chl_rt_tk=toku9Pq_GUDgxwqk7CC1WL6Kv_vgop1h5s20SY1ugEk-1740010674-1.0.1.1-9KEgUvUn8ISV6OlZZLfXFyOr5gY_MaP85YGW3VdGOgw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>