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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_National_Congress_rule_I_(1947–1962)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_National_Congress_rule_I_(1947–1962)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Indian National Congress rule I (1947–1962)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indian_National_Congress_rule_I_(1947–1962)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Indian National Congress rule I (1947–1962) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Indian_National_Congress_rule_I_(1947–1962)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Princely_state_merge_with_West_Bengal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princely_state_merge_with_West_Bengal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Princely state merge with West Bengal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princely_state_merge_with_West_Bengal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Front_(1967–1969)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Front_(1967–1969)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>United Front (1967–1969)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_Front_(1967–1969)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle United Front (1967–1969) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-United_Front_(1967–1969)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naxalbari_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naxalbari_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Naxalbari uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naxalbari_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1969_Assembly_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1969_Assembly_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>1969 Assembly election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1969_Assembly_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_National_Congress_rule_II_(1972–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_National_Congress_rule_II_(1972–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Indian National Congress rule II (1972–1977)</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<ul id="toc-Major_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1979_Marichjhanpi_Massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1979_Marichjhanpi_Massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>1979 Marichjhanpi Massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1979_Marichjhanpi_Massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singur_Tata_Nano_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singur_Tata_Nano_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Singur Tata Nano controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singur_Tata_Nano_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nandigram_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nandigram_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Nandigram violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nandigram_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_rule_(2011–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#All_India_Trinamool_Congress_rule_(2011–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>All India Trinamool Congress rule (2011–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_rule_(2011–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_Parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_Parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Political Parties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_Parties-sublist" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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Bengal">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Politics_of_West_Bengal" title="Talk:Politics of West Bengal">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Politics_of_West_Bengal" title="Special:EditPage/Politics of West Bengal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Politics+of+West+Bengal%22">"Politics of West Bengal"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Politics+of+West+Bengal%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Politics+of+West+Bengal%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Politics+of+West+Bengal%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Politics+of+West+Bengal%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Politics+of+West+Bengal%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-COI plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-COI" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b> A major contributor to this article appears to have a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">close connection</a> with its subject.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. Please discuss further on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Politics_of_West_Bengal" title="Talk:Politics of West Bengal">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Politics in West Bengal</b> is dominated by the following major political parties: the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">All India Trinamool Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">National People's Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. For many decades, the state underwent gruesome and terrible <a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">political violence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the <a href="/wiki/2011_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</a>, it has been governed by the Trinamool Congress party. Previously, it was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Left Front</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> for over three decades. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> is governed through a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">Universal suffrage</a> is granted to residents. There are two branches of government. The legislature, the <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">West Bengal Legislative Assembly</a>, consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, who are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_High_Court" title="Calcutta High Court">Calcutta High Court</a> and a system of lower courts. <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive authority</a> is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of West Bengal">Chief Minister</a> although the titular head of government is the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of West Bengal">Governor</a>. The Governor is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. The Assembly is <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> with 295 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Members of the Legislative Assembly</a>, or MLAs,<sup id="cite_ref-295mla_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295mla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including one nominated from the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indian</a> community. Terms of office run for five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. Auxiliary authorities known as <i><a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">panchayats</a></i>, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs. The state contributes 42 seats to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a><sup id="cite_ref-pcdelimitgazzette_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcdelimitgazzette-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 16 seats to the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Parliament">Indian Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area's early history featured a succession of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_monarchs" title="List of Indian monarchs">Indian empires</a>, internal squabbling, and a tussle between <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> for dominance. Ancient Bengal was the site of several major <a href="/wiki/Janapada" title="Janapada">Janapadas</a> (kingdoms), while the earliest cities date back to the <a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a>. The region was part of several ancient pan-Indian empires, including the <a href="/wiki/Mauryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryans">Mauryans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Guptas</a>. It was also a bastion of regional kingdoms. The citadel of <a href="/wiki/Gauda_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda (city)">Gauda</a> served as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom">Gauda Kingdom</a>, the Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala Empire</a> (eighth to 11th century) and <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Sena_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sena Empire">Sena Empire</a> (11th–12th century). From the 13th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century onward, the region was ruled by several <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Bengal">sultans</a>, powerful <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Rashtra">Hindu states</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a> landlords, until the beginning of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a> in the 18th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century. The <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> cemented their hold on the region following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a> in 1757, and Calcutta served for many years as the capital of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in an expansion of Western education, culminating in developments in science, institutional education, and social reforms in the region, including what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Renaissance">Bengali Renaissance</a>. A hotbed of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> through the early 20th<span class="nowrap"> </span>century, Bengal <a href="/wiki/1947_Partition_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Partition of Bengal">was divided</a> during India's independence in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal, a state of India, and <a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a>, a province of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> which later became independent <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_National_Congress_rule_I_(1947–1962)"><span id="Indian_National_Congress_rule_I_.281947.E2.80.931962.29"></span>Indian National Congress rule I (1947–1962)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indian National Congress rule I (1947–1962)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Princely_state_merge_with_West_Bengal">Princely state merge with West Bengal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Princely state merge with West Bengal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1950, the Princely State of <a href="/wiki/Koch_dynasty" title="Koch dynasty">Koch Bihar</a> merged with West Bengal after King Jagaddipendra Narayan had signed the Instrument of Accession with India.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1955, the former <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French enclave</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chandannagar" title="Chandannagar">Chandannagar</a>, which had passed into Indian control after 1950, was integrated into West Bengal. Portions (the then Manbhum) of <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> were subsequently merged with West Bengal and now this region serves as the district of Purulia. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a>'s Chief Minister-ship a number of manufacturing industries were set up in the state. He had a dream of developing West Bengal into one of the greatest regions of India. Bidhan Roy is often considered 'The Maker of Modern West Bengal' due to his key role in the founding of several institutions and five eminent cities in the state: <a href="/wiki/Durgapur" title="Durgapur">Durgapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalyani,_West_Bengal" title="Kalyani, West Bengal">Kalyani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidhannagar" title="Bidhannagar">Bidhannagar</a>, Ashokenagar and <a href="/wiki/Habra" title="Habra">Habra</a>. Even after being the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of West Bengal">Chief Minister of West Bengal</a>, Dr. B. C. Roy used to treat patients and never gave up his profession of a doctor. In 1954, a massive food crisis overtook the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Front_(1967–1969)"><span id="United_Front_.281967.E2.80.931969.29"></span>United Front (1967–1969)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United Front (1967–1969)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(1967)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Front (1967)">United Front (1967)</a></div> <p>After the state legislative elections held in 1967, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a> was the main force behind the <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(1967)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Front (1967)">United Front</a> government formed. The post of Chief Minister was given to <a href="/wiki/Ajoy_Mukherjee" title="Ajoy Mukherjee">Ajoy Mukherjee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bangla_Congress" title="Bangla Congress">Bangla Congress</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naxalbari_uprising">Naxalbari uprising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Naxalbari uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxalite</a></div> <p>In 1967 a peasant uprising broke out in <a href="/wiki/Naxalbari" title="Naxalbari">Naxalbari</a>, in northern West Bengal. The insurgency was led by hardline district-level CPI(M) leaders <a href="/wiki/Charu_Majumdar" title="Charu Majumdar">Charu Majumdar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanu_Sanyal" title="Kanu Sanyal">Kanu Sanyal</a>. The Naxalbari movement was violently repressed by the West Bengal government. During the 1970s and 1980s, severe power shortages, strikes and a violent <a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Marxist-Naxalite</a> movement damaged much of the state's infrastructure, leading to a period of economic stagnation. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> of 1971 resulted in the influx of millions of refugees to West Bengal, causing significant strains on its infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-londonanthology_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-londonanthology-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government was credited for handling the refugee crisis fairly well by the International media. The <a href="/wiki/1974_smallpox_epidemic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 smallpox epidemic of India">1974 smallpox epidemic</a> killed thousands of people. West Bengal politics underwent a major change when the <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Left Front</a> won the 1977 assembly election, defeating the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. The Left Front, led by <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a>, had governed for the state for the subsequent three and a half decades.<sup id="cite_ref-longcommu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-longcommu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1969_Assembly_election">1969 Assembly election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1969 Assembly election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fresh elections were held in West Bengal in 1969. CPI(M) emerged as the largest party in the West Bengal legislative assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But with the active support of CPI and the Bangla Congress, Ajoy Mukherjee was returned as Chief Minister of the state. Mukherjee resigned on March 16, 1970 and the state was put under President's Rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indian_National_Congress_rule_II_(1972–1977)"><span id="Indian_National_Congress_rule_II_.281972.E2.80.931977.29"></span>Indian National Congress rule II (1972–1977)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Indian National Congress rule II (1972–1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indian National Congress won the 1972 assembly election, and its leader <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Shankar_Ray" title="Siddhartha Shankar Ray">Siddhartha Shankar Ray</a> became the chief minister. He wanted to erase every single <a href="/wiki/Naxal" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxal">Naxal</a> from West Bengal but his and his government's actions backfired, creating state-wide outrage against him and the then West Bengal Government. During this period, the then Prime Minister of India, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> proclaimed nationwide <a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">Emergency in 1975</a>. </p><p>This period was marked by large scale violence as the police force battled with the Naxalites in the state of West Bengal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Left_Front_rule_(1977–2011)"><span id="Left_Front_rule_.281977.E2.80.932011.29"></span>Left Front rule (1977–2011)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Left Front rule (1977–2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1977_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Left Front</a>, headed by <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a>, won 231 seats thereby gaining a majority, reducing the Indian National Congress to a mere 20 seats. The first Left Front government was established with <a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a> as the Chief Minister. The state saw rapid developments in this period, with the <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Land Reforms</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">Panchayat System</a> being two of the many notable ones. In this time, the state had become one of the leaders in agricultural output, being the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">leading producer of rice and the second leading producer of potatoes</a>. </p><p>The Naxalite movement was crushed during this time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_incidents">Major incidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Major incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1979_Marichjhanpi_Massacre">1979 Marichjhanpi Massacre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1979 Marichjhanpi Massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marichjhapi_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marichjhapi incident">Marichjhapi incident</a></div> <p>The massacre in <a href="/wiki/Marichjhanpi" title="Marichjhanpi">Marichjhanpi</a>, which took place under CPI(M) rule in Bengal between January 26 and May 16, 1979, relates to the eviction of refugees from the reserved island of Marichjhanpi, Sunderbans, who had fled from <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a> thereby leading to the death of a sizable population among them.<sup id="cite_ref-haunt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haunt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Out of the 14,388 families who deserted [for West Bengal], 10,260 families returned to their previous places … and the remaining 4,128 families perished in transit, died of starvation, exhaustion, and many were killed in Kashipur, Kumirmari, and Marichjhapi by police firings (Biswas 1982, 19).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>After leading the Left Front government for consecutive five terms, Jyoti Basu retired from active politics and <a href="/wiki/Buddhadeb_Bhattacharjee" title="Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee">Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee</a> was appointed as his successor. In 2000, the Left Front came back to the power with Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee again assuming the office of the Chief Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-haunt_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haunt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state's economic recovery gathered momentum after <a href="/wiki/Economic_reforms_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic reforms in India">economic reforms in India</a> were introduced in the early 1990s by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">central government</a>, aided by election of a new reformist Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Buddhadeb_Bhattacharjee" title="Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee">Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee</a> in 2000. About during 2007, armed activists, and Maoists have been organizing terrorist attacks in some parts of the state,<sup id="cite_ref-voamaoist_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voamaoist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-satpmcc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satpmcc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while clashes with the administration have taken place at several sensitive places on the issue of industrial land acquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-singur1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singur1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nandi1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nandi1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Singur_Tata_Nano_controversy">Singur Tata Nano controversy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Singur Tata Nano controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Singur_Tata_Nano_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Singur Tata Nano controversy">Singur Tata Nano controversy</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Buddhadeb_Bhattacharjee" title="Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee">Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee</a> government wanted to set up a <a href="/wiki/Tata_Nano" title="Tata Nano">Tata Nano</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Singur" title="Singur">Singur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_district" title="Hooghly district">Hooghly</a>.<a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> started constructing a factory to manufacture a car, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Nano" title="Tata Nano">Tata Nano</a> which was estimated to cost $2,500. The small cars were scheduled to roll out of the factory by 2008. <a href="/wiki/Singur" title="Singur">Singur</a> was chosen by the <a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> among six sites offered by the West Bengal state government. The project faced massive opposition from displaced farmers. The unwilling farmers were given political support by West Bengal's then-opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a>. Banerjee's "Save Farmland" movement was supported by civil rights and human rights groups, legal bodies, and social activists like <a href="/wiki/Medha_Patkar" title="Medha Patkar">Medha Patkar</a>, Anuradha Talwar, <a href="/wiki/Arundhati_Roy" title="Arundhati Roy">Arundhati Roy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magsaysay" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsaysay">Magsaysay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jnanpith_Award" title="Jnanpith Award">Jnanpith Award</a>-winning author <a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a>. Leftist activists also shared the platform with Banerjee's Trinamool Congress. The Tatas finally decided to move out of Singur on 3 October 2008. On 7 October 2008, the Tatas announced that they would be setting up the Tata Nano plant in <a href="/wiki/Sanand" title="Sanand">Sanand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> after <a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a> received a call from the then Chief Minister of Gujarat, <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nandigram_violence">Nandigram violence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nandigram violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nandigram_violence" title="Nandigram violence">Nandigram violence</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nandigram_violence" title="Nandigram violence">Nandigram violence</a> was an incident in <a href="/wiki/Nandigram" title="Nandigram">Nandigram</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> where, under the orders of the Left Front government, more than 4,000 heavily armed police stormed the Nandigram area with the aim of stamping out protests against the West Bengal government's plans to expropriate 10,000 acres (40 km<sup>2</sup>) of land for a <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zone">Special Economic Zone</a> (SEZ) to be developed by the Indonesian-based Salim Group. The area of Nandigram had turned into an internal-security threat for the country.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">Trinamool Congress</a>, collaborating with the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Maoist)" title="Communist Party of India (Maoist)">Maoists</a>, had isolated the entire area from the rest of the country, by cutting up all the roads and blocking them by tree trunks. Weapons were being collected and stored for an armed rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The villagers were brainwashed against the Government and the progressive scheme. However, the shootings, in recent developments have proved to be a conspiracy of the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">TMC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Maoist)" title="Communist Party of India (Maoist)">Maoists</a> alike. Indeed the police had to resort to firing when the armed mob refused to disperse even after much persuasion and tear gassing and started attacking the police. The then Chief Minister, Buddhadeb Bhattacharya was awarded a clean-chit for non-involvement in the Nandigram violence by the CBI.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The police shot 13 villagers dead and one died from a very suspicious knife-attack, thus sparking controversies whether the police were, in the least, the ones to fire. At least 30 police officers were injured in the incident. </p><p>The SEZ controversy started when the government of West Bengal decided that the <a href="/wiki/Salim_Group" title="Salim Group">Salim Group</a> of Indonesia<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would set up a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical hub</a> under the SEZ policy at Nandigram, a rural area in the district of <a href="/wiki/Midnapore_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Midnapore East">Purba Medinipur</a>. The villagers took over the administration of the area and all the roads to the villages were cut off. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="All_India_Trinamool_Congress_rule_(2011–present)"><span id="All_India_Trinamool_Congress_rule_.282011.E2.80.93present.29"></span>All India Trinamool Congress rule (2011–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: All India Trinamool Congress rule (2011–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</a>, the Left Front was defeated by the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">All India Trinamool Congress</a> which won an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute majority">absolute majority</a> of seats. This led to the end of 34 year <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> rule in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> as well as the end of the longest serving democratically elected Communist government in the world. <a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a>, the leader of Trinamool Congress, became the chief minister. The success of the Trinamool Congress was repeated in the <a href="/wiki/2016_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</a>. </p><p>Under this administration, famous scandals include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saradha_Group_financial_scandal" title="Saradha Group financial scandal">Saradha Group financial scandal</a> (started circa 2000; arrest started 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Valley_financial_scandal" title="Rose Valley financial scandal">Rose Valley financial scandal</a> (hit headlines in 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada_sting_operation" title="Narada sting operation">Narada Sting Operation</a> (done in 2014; came into light in 2016)</li> <li>Coal Scam Case (May 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cattle Smuggling Case <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_West_Bengal_School_Service_Commission_recruitment_scam" title="2022 West Bengal School Service Commission recruitment scam">2022 West Bengal SSC recruitment scam</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_General_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Indian General election">2019 Indian General election</a>, the BJP won 18 Lok Sabha seats sweeping the vote share of the Congress and the Left while the TMC, in spite of losing seats, increased their vote share. But in the <a href="/wiki/2021_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election">2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election</a>, TMC secured a massive victory of 215 seats out of 294 seats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_Parties">Political Parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Political Parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_parties">National parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: National parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Political party </th> <th rowspan="2">Flag </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral symbol </th> <th rowspan="2">Political position </th> <th rowspan="2">Founded </th> <th rowspan="2">Founder </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">WB</a> unit leader </th> <th colspan="4">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">West Bengal Legislative Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#0072B0"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aam_Aadmi_Party" title="Aam Aadmi Party">Aam Aadmi Party</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg/50px-Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg/75px-Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg/100px-Aam_Aadmi_Party_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="562" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AAP_Symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/AAP_Symbol.png/50px-AAP_Symbol.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/AAP_Symbol.png/75px-AAP_Symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/AAP_Symbol.png/100px-AAP_Symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> </td> <td>26 November 2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a> </td> <td>Sanjay Basu </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0072B0; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0072B0; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0072B0; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#22409A"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_Bahujan_Samaj_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Elephant_Bahujan_Samaj_Party.svg/50px-Elephant_Bahujan_Samaj_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Elephant_Bahujan_Samaj_Party.svg/75px-Elephant_Bahujan_Samaj_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Elephant_Bahujan_Samaj_Party.svg/100px-Elephant_Bahujan_Samaj_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png/50px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png/75px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png/100px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Elephant.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="369" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> </td> <td>14 April 1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanshi_Ram" title="Kanshi Ram">Kanshi Ram</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #22409A; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #22409A; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #22409A; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FF9933"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BJP_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BJP_Flag.svg/50px-BJP_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BJP_Flag.svg/75px-BJP_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BJP_Flag.svg/100px-BJP_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_flower_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/50px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/75px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lotus_flower_symbol.svg/100px-Lotus_flower_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Right_wing_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Right wing politics">Right-wing</a> </td> <td>6 April 1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukanta_Majumdar" title="Sukanta Majumdar">Sukanta Majumdar</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">66 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FF9933; color:inherit; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#cc0d0d"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CPI-M-flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/50px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/75px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/CPI-M-flag.svg/100px-CPI-M-flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CPI(M)_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg/50px-CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg/75px-CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg/100px-CPI%28M%29_election_symbol_-_Hammer_Sickle_and_Star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="452" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a> </td> <td>7 November 1964 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Salim_(politician)" title="Mohammed Salim (politician)">Mohammed Salim</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #cc0d0d; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #cc0d0d; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #cc0d0d; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#00BFFF"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/50px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/75px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg/100px-Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="562" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_INC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/50px-Hand_INC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/75px-Hand_INC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hand_INC.svg/100px-Hand_INC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">Centre-left</a> </td> <td>28 December 1885 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Allan_Octavian_Hume" title="Allan Octavian Hume">Allan Octavian Hume</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subhankar_Sarkar" title="Subhankar Sarkar">Subhankar Sarkar</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00BFFF; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00BFFF; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #00BFFF; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FFCA61"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">National People's Party</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NPP_Flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/NPP_Flag.jpg/50px-NPP_Flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/NPP_Flag.jpg/75px-NPP_Flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/NPP_Flag.jpg/100px-NPP_Flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="452" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg/50px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg/75px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg/100px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="533" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">Centre-right</a> </td> <td>28 December 1885 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P._A._Sangma" title="P. A. Sangma">P. A. Sangma</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFCA61; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFCA61; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #FFCA61; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_parties">State parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: State parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Political party </th> <th rowspan="2">Flag </th> <th rowspan="2">Electoral symbol </th> <th rowspan="2">Political position </th> <th rowspan="2">Founded </th> <th rowspan="2">Founder </th> <th rowspan="2">Leader </th> <th colspan="4">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="West Bengal Legislative Assembly">West Bengal Legislative Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#ac1313"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/All_India_Forward_Bloc" title="All India Forward Bloc">All India Forward Bloc</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AIFB_Flag_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/AIFB_Flag_2023.png/50px-AIFB_Flag_2023.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/AIFB_Flag_2023.png/75px-AIFB_Flag_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/AIFB_Flag_2023.png/100px-AIFB_Flag_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg/50px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg/75px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg/100px-Indian_Election_Symbol_Lion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">Left-wing</a> </td> <td>22 June 1939 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> </td> <td>G. Devarajan </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #ac1313; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #ac1313; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #ac1313; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#04FF21"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/All_India_Trinamool_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Trinamool Congress">All India Trinamool Congress</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:All_India_Trinamool_Congress_flag_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/All_India_Trinamool_Congress_flag_%282%29.svg/50px-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_flag_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/All_India_Trinamool_Congress_flag_%282%29.svg/75px-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_flag_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/All_India_Trinamool_Congress_flag_%282%29.svg/100px-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_flag_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:All_India_Trinamool_Congress_symbol_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/All_India_Trinamool_Congress_symbol_2021.svg/50px-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_symbol_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/All_India_Trinamool_Congress_symbol_2021.svg/75px-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_symbol_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/All_India_Trinamool_Congress_symbol_2021.svg/100px-All_India_Trinamool_Congress_symbol_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">Centre-right</a> </td> <td>1 January 1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 42</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #04FF21; color:inherit; width: 69%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">13 / 16</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #04FF21; color:inherit; width: 81%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">215 / 294</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #04FF21; color:inherit; width: 73%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Politics_of_West_Bengal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Politics of West Bengal">Politics of West Bengal</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengal" title="Government of West Bengal">Government of West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of West Bengal">Chief Minister of West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">List of political parties in India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2008" class="citation news cs1">Mukherjee, Rudrangshu (5 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118211018/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/opinion/story_9927371.jsp">"Murder, most foul – the people of Bengal created the darkness that envelops them"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Kolkata)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Telegraph (Kolkata)">The Telegraph</a></i>. Kolkata. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081005/jsp/opinion/story_9927371.jsp">the original</a> on 18 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Murder%2C+most+foul+%E2%80%93+the+people+of+Bengal+created+the+darkness+that+envelops+them&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Rudrangshu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1081005%2Fjsp%2Fopinion%2Fstory_9927371.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-295mla-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-295mla_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313022603/http://legislativebodiesinindia.gov.in/states/westbengal/wesbengal-w.htm">"West Bengal legislative assembly"</a>. <i>Legislative bodies in India</i>. National Informatics Centre, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislativebodiesinindia.gov.in/States%5Cwestbengal%5Cwesbengal-w.htm">the original</a> on 13 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislative+bodies+in+India&rft.atitle=West+Bengal+legislative+assembly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislativebodiesinindia.gov.in%2FStates%255Cwestbengal%255Cwesbengal-w.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pcdelimitgazzette-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pcdelimitgazzette_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelimitation_Commission2006" class="citation web cs1">Delimitation Commission (15 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813092204/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf">"Notification: order no. 18"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New Delhi: Election Commission of India. pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Notification%3A+order+no.+18&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+India&rft.date=2006-02-15&rft.au=Delimitation+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceowestbengal.nic.in%2Fnews_pdf%2Fgazette123.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020442/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rsat_work/chapter-2.pdf">"Composition of Rajya Sabha"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Rajya Sabha at work</i>. New Delhi: Rajya Sabha Secretariat. pp. <span class="nowrap">24–</span>25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/rsat_work/chapter-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rajya+Sabha+at+work&rft.atitle=Composition+of+Rajya+Sabha&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frajyasabha.nic.in%2Frsnew%2Frsat_work%2Fchapter-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Sailen Debnath, ed. Social and Political Tensions In North Bengal since 1947, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-86860-23-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-86860-23-1">81-86860-23-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-londonanthology-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-londonanthology_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBennettHindle1996">Bennett & Hindle 1996</a>, pp. 63–70)<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFBennettHindle1996 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-longcommu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-longcommu_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiswas2006" class="citation news cs1">Biswas, Soutik (2006-04-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4909832.stm">"Calcutta's colourless campaign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Calcutta%27s+colourless+campaign&rft.date=2006-04-16&rft.aulast=Biswas&rft.aufirst=Soutik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F4909832.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Indian National Congress had won 55 seats, Bangla Congress 33 and CPI 30. CPI(M) allies also won several seats.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf">ECI: Statistical Report on the 1969 West Bengal Legislative Election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071129141351/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf">Archived</a> 29 November 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haunt-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haunt_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haunt_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharya2011" class="citation news cs1">Bhattacharya, Snigdhendu (25 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610222045/http://www.hindustantimes.com/specials/Coverage/Assembly-Elections-2011/Ghost-of-Marichjhapi-returns-to-haunt/AssemblyElections2011-DontMiss/SP-Article10-689463.aspx">"Ghost of Marichjhapi returns to haunt"</a>. <i>The Hindustan Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Ghost+of+Marichjhapi+returns+to+haunt&rft.date=2011-04-25&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=Snigdhendu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fspecials%2FCoverage%2FAssembly-Elections-2011%2FGhost-of-Marichjhapi-returns-to-haunt%2FAssemblyElections2011-DontMiss%2FSP-Article10-689463.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss" class="citation web cs1">Ross, Mallick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanhati.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/marichjhapi.pdf">"The Morichjhanpi massacre: When tigers became citizens, refugees "tiger-food"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Morichjhanpi+massacre%3A+When+tigers+became+citizens%2C+refugees+%22tiger-food%22&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Mallick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanhati.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2009%2F04%2Fmarichjhapi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707120303/http://insightyv.com/?p=879">"Remembering Marichjhapi Massacre, 1979"</a>. <i>insightyv.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insightyv.com/?p=879">the original</a> on 7 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=insightyv.com&rft.atitle=Remembering+Marichjhapi+Massacre%2C+1979&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsightyv.com%2F%3Fp%3D879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-voamaoist-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-voamaoist_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh_Roy2005" class="citation web cs1">Ghosh Roy, Paramasish (22 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212062125/http://www.voanews.com/bangla/archive/2005-07/2005-07-22-voa10.cfm">"Maoist on Rise in West Bengal"</a>. <i>VOA Bangla</i>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/bangla/archive/2005-07/2005-07-22-voa10.cfm">the original</a> on 12 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOA+Bangla&rft.atitle=Maoist+on+Rise+in+West+Bengal&rft.date=2005-07-22&rft.aulast=Ghosh+Roy&rft.aufirst=Paramasish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fbangla%2Farchive%2F2005-07%2F2005-07-22-voa10.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satpmcc-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satpmcc_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/terroristoutfits/MCC.htm">"Maoist Communist Centre (MCC)"</a>. <i>Left-wing Extremist group</i>. South Asia Terrorism Portal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Left-wing+Extremist+group&rft.atitle=Maoist+Communist+Centre+%28MCC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satp.org%2Fsatporgtp%2Fcountries%2Findia%2Fterroristoutfits%2FMCC.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-singur1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-singur1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/28singur.htm">"Several hurt in Singur clash"</a>. <i>rediff News</i>. Rediff.com India Limited. 28 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=rediff+News&rft.atitle=Several+hurt+in+Singur+clash&rft.date=2007-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2Fjan%2F28singur.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nandi1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nandi1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121204181250/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070315/asp/frontpage/story_7519166.asp">"Red-hand Buddha: 14 killed in Nandigram re-entry bid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Kolkata)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Telegraph (Kolkata)">The Telegraph</a>. 15 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070315/asp/frontpage/story_7519166.asp">the original</a> on December 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Red-hand+Buddha%3A+14+killed+in+Nandigram+re-entry+bid&rft.date=2007-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1070315%2Fasp%2Ffrontpage%2Fstory_7519166.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=2778">"Terrorism and Rising Security Concerns in West Bengal | IPCS"</a>. <i>www.ipcs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ipcs.org&rft.atitle=Terrorism+and+Rising+Security+Concerns+in+West+Bengal+%7C+IPCS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcs.org%2Fcomm_select.php%3FarticleNo%3D2778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20091228-2007-nandigram-violence-a-state-of-failure-741632-2009-12-24">"2007-Nandigram violence: A state of failure"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. December 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=2007-Nandigram+violence%3A+A+state+of+failure&rft.date=2009-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fcover-story%2Fstory%2F20091228-2007-nandigram-violence-a-state-of-failure-741632-2009-12-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/">"CBI clean chit to Buddha govt on Nandigram firing"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=CBI+clean+chit+to+Buddha+govt+on+Nandigram+firing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more information on the Salim Group please see <a href="/wiki/Sudono_Salim" title="Sudono Salim">Sudono Salim</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/97/0822/biz1.html">Asia Week</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saliltripathi.com/articlesReview/8Oct98Review.html">Far Easter Economic Review October 1998</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas2021" class="citation web cs1">Das, Madhuparna (2021-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/india/behind-bengals-rs-1900-cr-coal-scam-story-is-class-8-dropout-who-began-as-petty-coal-thief/732332/">"Behind Bengal's Rs 1,900-cr 'coal scam' story is Class 8 dropout who began as 'petty coal thief'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ThePrint</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=Behind+Bengal%27s+Rs+1%2C900-cr+%27coal+scam%27+story+is+Class+8+dropout+who+began+as+%27petty+coal+thief%27&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Madhuparna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Findia%2Fbehind-bengals-rs-1900-cr-coal-scam-story-is-class-8-dropout-who-began-as-petty-coal-thief%2F732332%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhananjay_Mahapatra2021" class="citation web cs1">Dhananjay Mahapatra (Oct 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bengal-trying-to-save-accused-bar-on-cbi-wont-apply-centre/articleshow/87194116.cms">"bengal: Bengal trying to save accused, bar on CBI won't apply: Centre | India News - Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=bengal%3A+Bengal+trying+to+save+accused%2C+bar+on+CBI+won%27t+apply%3A+Centre+%7C+India+News+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft.au=Dhananjay+Mahapatra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fbengal-trying-to-save-accused-bar-on-cbi-wont-apply-centre%2Farticleshow%2F87194116.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/india/cbi-arrests-four-persons-in-west-bengal-coal-pilferage-scam-2397702.html">"CBI arrests four persons in West Bengal coal pilferage scam"</a>. <i>Zee News</i>. 2021-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=CBI+arrests+four+persons+in+West+Bengal+coal+pilferage+scam&rft.date=2021-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Findia%2Fcbi-arrests-four-persons-in-west-bengal-coal-pilferage-scam-2397702.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coal-scam-case-tmc-s-abhishek-banerjee-to-appear-in-front-of-ed-on-monday-101630844180385.html">"Coal scam case: TMC's Abhishek Banerjee to appear in front of ED on Monday"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 2021-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Coal+scam+case%3A+TMC%27s+Abhishek+Banerjee+to+appear+in+front+of+ED+on+Monday&rft.date=2021-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fcoal-scam-case-tmc-s-abhishek-banerjee-to-appear-in-front-of-ed-on-monday-101630844180385.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bengal-coal-scam-delhi-court-issues-non-bailable-warrant-against-accused-vinay-mishra20211014232529/">"Bengal coal scam: Delhi Court issues non-bailable warrant against accused Vinay Mishra"</a>. <i>ANI News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/trinamul-congress-leader-anubrata-mondal-in-tihar-jail-till-april-3/cid/1924054">"Anubrata Mondal in Tihar jail till April 3 over cattle smuggling case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(India)" title="The Telegraph (India)">The Telegraph</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Anubrata+Mondal+in+Tihar+jail+till+April+3+over+cattle+smuggling+case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fwest-bengal%2Ftrinamul-congress-leader-anubrata-mondal-in-tihar-jail-till-april-3%2Fcid%2F1924054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChowdhury2022" class="citation web cs1">Chowdhury, Santanu (April 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-west-bengal-school-service-commission-recruitment-scam-7869437/">"Explained: What is the West Bengal School Service Commission recruitment scam?"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Explained%3A+What+is+the+West+Bengal+School+Service+Commission+recruitment+scam%3F&rft.date=2022-04-15&rft.aulast=Chowdhury&rft.aufirst=Santanu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Fexplained-west-bengal-school-service-commission-recruitment-scam-7869437%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitics+of+West+Bengal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Politics of Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Odisha" title="Politics of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Punjab,_India" title="Politics of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Rajasthan" title="Politics of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Politics of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Telangana" title="Politics of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tripura" title="Politics of Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Uttarakhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West Bengal</a></li></ul> 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