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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ideological_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nazi_bio-politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_bio-politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Nazi bio-politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_bio-politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geopolitical_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geopolitical_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Geopolitical strategy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geopolitical_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anticipated_territorial_extent_of_Nazi_imperialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anticipated_territorial_extent_of_Nazi_imperialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Anticipated territorial extent of Nazi imperialism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anticipated_territorial_extent_of_Nazi_imperialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Implementation in Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementation_in_Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Implementation in Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Implementation_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Pre-War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_campaigns_in_Poland_and_Western_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_campaigns_in_Poland_and_Western_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Military campaigns in Poland and Western Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_campaigns_in_Poland_and_Western_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Great_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Great_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Plans for Great Britain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Great_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_France_and_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_France_and_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Plans for France and Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_France_and_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Southern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Southern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Plans for Southern Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Southern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iberian_Peninsula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberian_Peninsula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Iberian Peninsula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberian_Peninsula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mediterranean_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediterranean_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Mediterranean Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediterranean_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Northern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Northern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Plans for Northern Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Northern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projects_concerning_Nordic_Countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projects_concerning_Nordic_Countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 Projects concerning Nordic Countries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Projects_concerning_Nordic_Countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4.1 Plans for Finland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_a_Greater_Germanic_Reich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_a_Greater_Germanic_Reich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Establishment of a Greater Germanic Reich </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_a_Greater_Germanic_Reich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_German_domination_in_Southeast_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_German_domination_in_Southeast_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Establishment of German domination in Southeast Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_German_domination_in_Southeast_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conquest_of_Lebensraum_in_Eastern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquest_of_Lebensraum_in_Eastern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Conquest of Lebensraum in Eastern Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquest_of_Lebensraum_in_Eastern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Belarus,_Russia,_and_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Belarus,_Russia,_and_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Plans for Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Belarus,_Russia,_and_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Baltic_Region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Baltic_Region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 Plans for Baltic Region </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Baltic_Region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_the_Caucasus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_the_Caucasus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.3 Plans for the Caucasus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_the_Caucasus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Re-settlement_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Re-settlement_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Re-settlement efforts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Re-settlement_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_outside_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_outside_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Plans outside Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plans_outside_Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Plans outside Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Plans_outside_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Plans for Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_for_the_establishment_of_an_African_colonial_dominion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_the_establishment_of_an_African_colonial_dominion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Plans for the establishment of an African colonial dominion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_the_establishment_of_an_African_colonial_dominion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1.1 North Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1.2 Central Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1.3 Southern Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Plans for Asia and the Pacific </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Division_of_Asia_between_the_Axis_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_of_Asia_between_the_Axis_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Division of Asia between the Axis powers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_of_Asia_between_the_Axis_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_East_Asia_and_Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_East_Asia_and_Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2 Plans for East Asia and Southeast Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_East_Asia_and_Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Tibet_and_Indosphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Tibet_and_Indosphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.2.1 Plans for Tibet and Indosphere </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Tibet_and_Indosphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concession_of_Oceania_to_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concession_of_Oceania_to_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.3 Concession of Oceania to Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concession_of_Oceania_to_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_West_and_Central_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_West_and_Central_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4 Plans for West and Central Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_West_and_Central_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_Minor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_Minor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4.1 Asia Minor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_Minor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Levant_and_Mesopotamia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Levant_and_Mesopotamia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4.2 The Levant and Mesopotamia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Levant_and_Mesopotamia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Arabian_Peninsula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Arabian_Peninsula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4.3 Plans for Arabian Peninsula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Arabian_Peninsula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persian_Sphere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_Sphere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4.4 Persian Sphere </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_Sphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Turkestan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Turkestan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.4.5 Plans for Turkestan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Turkestan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Indian_Subcontinent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Indian_Subcontinent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.5 Plans for Indian Subcontinent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Indian_Subcontinent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Plans for America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plans_for_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Plans for North America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Central_America_and_Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Central_America_and_Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Plans for Central America and Caribbean </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Central_America_and_Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_the_economic_domination_of_South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_the_economic_domination_of_South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.3 Plans for the economic domination of South America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_the_economic_domination_of_South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_Antarctica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_Antarctica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Plans for Antarctica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_Antarctica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_future_wars_against_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_future_wars_against_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Plans for future wars against Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_future_wars_against_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_New_Order_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_New_Order_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 End of the New Order project </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_New_Order_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">New Order (Nazism)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" > 24 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="نظام جديد (النازية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام جديد (النازية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Нов ред – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нов ред" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nou_Ordre_Nazi" title="Nou Ordre Nazi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nou Ordre Nazi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Europapl%C3%A4ne" title="Nationalsozialistische Europapläne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nationalsozialistische Europapläne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Orden_(nazismo)" title="Nuevo Orden (nazismo) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuevo Orden (nazismo)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85)" title="نظم نوین (نازیسم) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظم نوین (نازیسم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_nouveau_(nazisme)" title="Ordre nouveau (nazisme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre nouveau (nazisme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%A7%88%EC%84%9C_(%EB%82%98%EC%B9%98%EC%A6%98)" title="신질서 (나치즘) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신질서 (나치즘)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_Baru_(Nazisme)" title="Orde Baru (Nazisme) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orde Baru (Nazisme)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuovo_Ordine" title="Nuovo Ordine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuovo Ordine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Proposed political order by Nazi Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"New Order (political system)" redirects here. For other political organizations which are called the "New Order", see <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(disambiguation)#Politics" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="New Order (disambiguation)">New Order § Politics</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible">This article has multiple issues. 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border: 4px double #dd0000; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.8em 0 1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_NSDAP_(1920%E2%80%931945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_NSDAP_%281920%E2%80%931945%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_NSDAP_%281920%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_NSDAP_%281920%E2%80%931945%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_NSDAP_%281920%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_the_NSDAP_%281920%E2%80%931945%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_NSDAP_%281920%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaman_League" title="Artaman League">Artaman League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Geheime Staatspolizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fichte-Bund" title="Deutscher Fichte-Bund">Deutscher Fichte-Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Eher_Nachfolger" title="Franz Eher Nachfolger">Franz Eher Nachfolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a> (SD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Adolf Hitler's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Socialism_and_communism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Pre-Machtergreifung <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Post-Machtergreifung <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Foundations_of_the_Nineteenth_Century" title="The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century">The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race" title="The Passing of the Great Race">The Passing of the Great Race</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preussentum_und_Sozialismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Preussentum und Sozialismus">Preussentum und Sozialismus</a> (1919)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/25-point_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="25-point Program">25-point Program</a>" (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Jew" title="The International Jew">The International Jew</a> (1920s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassenkunde_des_deutschen_Volkes" title="Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes">Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_America_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="White America (book)">White America</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(novel)" title="Michael (novel)">Michael</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel%C3%B6bnis_treuester_Gefolgschaft" title="Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft">Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ich_K%C3%A4mpfe" title="Ich Kämpfe">I Fight</a> (1942)</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Religion</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thule_Society" title="Thule Society">Thule Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Christmas in Nazi Germany">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Evangelical_Church" title="German Evangelical Church">German Evangelical Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">Deutsche Christen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Faith_Movement" title="German Faith Movement">German Faith Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Religion in Nazi Germany">Religion under Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religious aspects of Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Religious views of Adolf Hitler">Religious views of Adolf Hitler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbolism" title="Nazi symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Outside of Germany</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_in_Greece" title="Template:Nazism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_parties" title="Category:Nazi parties">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Party ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #dd0000; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Political views of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border: 4px double #000000; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Fascism" title="Category:Fascism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.8em 0 1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Eagle_with_fasces.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eagle with fasces"><img alt="Eagle with fasces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/140px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/210px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Eagle_with_fasces.svg/280px-Eagle_with_fasces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="435" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actual_idealism" title="Actual idealism">Actual idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nation" title="Bourgeois nation">Anti-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Fascist_corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_Corporation" title="Proprietary Corporation">Proprietary Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_capitalism" title="Heroic capitalism">Heroic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_rationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of rationalism">Irrationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">Machismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_of_masculinity_under_fascist_Italy" title="Model of masculinity under fascist Italy">Masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spazio_vitale" title="Spazio vitale">Spazio vitale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercapitalism" title="Supercapitalism">Supercapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism" title="Definitions of fascism">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_fascism" title="Economics of fascism">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology" title="Fascism and ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_martyrs" title="Fascist martyrs">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">Movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_symbolism" title="Fascist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani#Iran,_Italy,_Germany_and_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Arcand" title="Adrien Arcand">Arcand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_B%C3%B6sz%C3%B6rm%C3%A9ny" title="Zoltán Böszörmény">Böszörmény</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bottai" title="Giuseppe Bottai">Bottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Bourgin" title="Hubert Bourgin">Bourgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Darnand" title="Joseph Darnand">Darnand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Engdahl" title="Per Engdahl">Engdahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federzoni" title="Luigi Federzoni">Federzoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_A._Flores" title="Luis A. Flores">Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Hlinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hoornaert" title="Paul Hoornaert">Hoornaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Ljotić">Ljotić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Man#Collaboration" title="Henri de Man">de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Gonz%C3%A1lez_von_Mar%C3%A9es" title="Jorge González von Marées">von Marées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seig%C5%8D_Nakano" title="Seigō Nakano">Nakano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">O'Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Pavelić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Pavolini" title="Alessandro Pavolini">Pavolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dudley_Pelley" title="William Dudley Pelley">Pelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rol%C3%A3o_Preto" title="Francisco Rolão Preto">Preto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Primo_de_Rivera" title="José Antonio Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Ledesma_Ramos" title="Ramiro Ledesma Ramos">Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio_Salgado" title="Plínio Salgado">Salgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Sima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Starace" title="Achille Starace">Starace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_Starhemberg" title="Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg">Starhemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Sz%C3%A1lasi" title="Ferenc Szálasi">Szálasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Tiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F" title="Alparslan Türkeş">Türkeş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Vallat" title="Xavier Vallat">Vallat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Van_Severen" title="Joris Van Severen">Van Severen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Wilson" title="Arnold Wilson">Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Arthuys#Fascist_leader" title="Jacques Arthuys">Arthuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_B%C3%A9raud" title="Henri Béraud">Béraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_Br%C4%83ileanu" title="Traian Brăileanu">Brăileanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line#Antisemitism,_fascism_and_collaboration" title="Louis-Ferdinand Céline">Céline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelfo_Civinini" title="Guelfo Civinini">Civinini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cogni" title="Giulio Cogni">Cogni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Collins" title="Seward Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Corradini" title="Enrico Corradini">Corradini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce#Relations_with_Italian_fascism" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvator_Cupcea#Moldovan's_aide" title="Salvator Cupcea">Cupcea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dilling" title="Elizabeth Dilling">Dilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">Drieu La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Giani" title="Niccolò Giani">Giani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrado_Gini#Under_fascism" title="Corrado Gini">Gini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_Herseni#National_Legionary_doctrinaire" title="Traian Herseni">Herseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Vacher_de_Lapouge" title="Georges Vacher de Lapouge">de Lapouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis#Political_views" title="Wyndham Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte" title="Curzio Malaparte">Malaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabin_Manuil%C4%83" title="Sabin Manuilă">Manuilă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Maxence" title="Jean-Pierre Maxence">Maxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Ojetti#Ojetti_and_fascism" title="Ugo Ojetti">Ojetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Oliviero_Olivetti" title="Angelo Oliviero Olivetti">Olivetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Orano" title="Paolo Orano">Orano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Panero" title="Leopoldo Panero">Panero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Panunzio" title="Sergio Panunzio">Panunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello#Italy_under_the_Fascists" title="Luigi Pirandello">Pirandello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pitt-Rivers" title="George Pitt-Rivers">Pitt-Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Ledesma_Ramos" title="Ramiro Ledesma Ramos">Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Reghini" title="Arturo Reghini">Reghini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izabela_Sadoveanu-Evan" title="Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan">Sadoveanu-Evan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Saint-Loup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar#Fascism" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Scaligero" title="Massimo Scaligero">Scaligero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardengo_Soffici#Later_life" title="Ardengo Soffici">Soffici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Spirito" title="Ugo Spirito">Spirito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Streel" title="José Streel">Streel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Ungaretti#Hermeticism_and_fascism" title="Giuseppe Ungaretti">Ungaretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Il_trionfo_della_morte" title="Il trionfo della morte">Triumph of Death</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flame_(novel)" title="The Flame (novel)">The Flame</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Will_to_Power_(manuscript)" title="The Will to Power (manuscript)">The Will to Power</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_Violence" title="Reflections on Violence">Reflections on Violence</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio_Rivoluzionario_d%27Azione_Internazionalista#Manifesto" title="Fascio Rivoluzionario d'Azione Internazionalista">Fascio Rivoluzionario d'Azione Internazionalista</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism_and_Socialism" title="Prussianism and Socialism">Prussianism and Socialism</a> (1919)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Futurism" title="Manifesto of Futurism">Futurist Manifesto</a>" (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Manifesto" title="Fascist Manifesto">Fascist Manifesto</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Dritte_Reich" title="Das Dritte Reich">Das Dritte Reich</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Fascist_Intellectuals" title="Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals">Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Second" title="Frederick the Second">Frederick the Second</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Autobiography_(Mussolini_book)" title="My Autobiography (Mussolini book)">My Autobiography</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Outlaws_(novel)" title="The Outlaws (novel)">The Outlaws</a> (1930)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Doctrine_of_Fascism" title="The Doctrine of Fascism">The Doctrine of Fascism</a>" (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Six_Point_Program_of_the_Falange" title="Twenty-Six Point Program of the Falange">Twenty-Six Point Program of the Falange</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man,_the_Unknown" title="Man, the Unknown">Man, the Unknown</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_My_Legionaries" title="For My Legionaries">For My Legionaries</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Kulchur" title="Guide to Kulchur">Guide to Kulchur</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_(novel)" title="Gilles (novel)">Gilles</a> (1939)</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackshirts" title="Blackshirts">Blackshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Action" title="Brazilian Integralist Action">Brazilian Integralist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stewards_(paramilitary_organisation)" title="Stewards (paramilitary organisation)">Stewards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Union_of_Fascists" title="Canadian Union of Fascists">Canadian Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Italiani_di_Combattimento" title="Fasci Italiani di Combattimento">Fasci Italiani di Combattimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Austria)" title="Fatherland Front (Austria)">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FE_de_las_JONS" class="mw-redirect" title="FE de las JONS">FE de las JONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">FET y de las JONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_Political_Party" title="Futurist Political Party">Futurist Political Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">IKL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokumin_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Kokumin Dōmei">Kokumin Dōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapua_Movement" title="Lapua Movement">Lapua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legionary_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legionary Action (page does not exist)">Legionary Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Party" title="National Christian Party">National Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Labor_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Reich Labor Service">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Social_Movement" title="National Social Movement">National Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(UK)" title="New Party (UK)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nazionale_Balilla" title="Opera Nazionale Balilla">Opera Nazionale Balilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">Patriotic People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratniks" title="Ratniks">Ratniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Revolutionary Mexicanist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Union_(Peru)" title="Revolutionary Union (Peru)">Revolutionary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Legion of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squadrismo" title="Squadrismo">Squadrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fascist_Mysticism" title="School of Fascist Mysticism">School of Fascist Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisei_Yokusankai" class="mw-redirect" title="Taisei Yokusankai">Taisei Yokusankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR_Group" title="UR Group">UR Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Youth" title="Ustaše Youth">Ustaše Youth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdinaso" title="Verdinaso">Verdinaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Fascist_Organisation" title="All-Russian Fascist Organisation">VFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_National_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish National Union">VNV</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(newspaper)" title="Action (newspaper)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Review_(literary_journal)#Controversy_and_decline" title="The American Review (literary journal)">The American Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arriba_(newspaper)" title="Arriba (newspaper)">Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blackshirt" title="The Blackshirt">The Blackshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buna_Vestire" title="Buna Vestire">Buna Vestire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critica_fascista" title="Critica fascista">Critica fascista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndirea" title="Gândirea">Gândirea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringoire_(newspaper)" title="Gringoire (newspaper)">Gringoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Popolo_d%27Italia" title="Il Popolo d'Italia">Il Popolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pays_R%C3%A9el" title="Le Pays Réel">Le Pays Réel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Idea_Nazionale" title="L'Idea Nazionale">L'Idea Nazionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidel_(magazine)" title="Lidel (magazine)">Lidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1stup" title="Nástup">Nástup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Fujin" title="Nippon Fujin">Nippon Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk_en_Staat" title="Volk en Staat">Volk en Staat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentile_Reform" title="Gentile Reform">Gentile Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Secession_(20th_century)" title="Aventine Secession (20th century)">Aventine Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Senussi_War" title="Second Italo-Senussi War">Second Italo-Senussi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">German election of 1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_of_the_Fascist_Revolution" title="Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution">Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Montreux_Fascist_conference" title="1934 Montreux Fascist conference">1934 Montreux Fascist conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Revolution_Day_Z%C3%B3calo_Battle" title="1935 Revolution Day Zócalo Battle">1935 Revolution Day Zócalo Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Decree_(Spain,_1937)" title="Unification Decree (Spain, 1937)">Unification Decree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Steel" title="Pact of Steel">Pact of Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_March" title="Peasant March">Peasant March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Downfall in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#Turning_point_and_collapse" title="Nazi Germany">Downfall in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_fascism" title="Arab fascism">Arab</a></li> <li>Argentine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera#Views" title="Stepan Bandera">Banderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_fascism" title="British fascism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_fascism" title="Confucian fascism">Confucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-fascism" title="Crypto-fascism">Crypto-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Eco-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain#Francoism" title="Francoist Spain">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="French fascism">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party#Ideology_and_fascism_of_PPF" title="French Popular Party">Doriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Pétainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau#Valois's_version_of_fascism" title="Le Faisceau">Valoisism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party#Ideology" title="Arrow Cross Party">Hungarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe#Ideology" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofascism" title="Islamofascism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intransigent_fascism" title="Intransigent fascism">Intransigent</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Restoration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fascism" title="Jewish fascism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism#Ideology" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden#Ideology" title="Nazism in Sweden">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Black_Movement#Ideology" title="Blue-and-Black Movement">Finnish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lights_Doctrine" title="Nine Lights Doctrine">Pan-Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party#Ideology" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania_under_Fascism" title="Kingdom of Romania under Fascism">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Legionary_State" title="National Legionary State">National Legionary State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism#Ideology" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Romanianism/Stelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_syndicalism" title="Fascist syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party#Ideology" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno-fascism">Techno-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Uruguayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Marzism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Marzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Uruguayan_revisionism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosism" title="Sosism">Sosism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e#Ideology" title="Ustaše">Ustašism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By continent</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia" title="Fascism in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Bulgaria" title="Fascism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Fascism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America" title="Fascism in North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Canada" title="Fascism in Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_South_America" title="Fascism in South America">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Peru" title="Fascism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #000000;background:transparent;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparisons_between_Donald_Trump_and_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparisons between Donald Trump and fascism">Donald Trump and fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremism_of_the_centre" title="Extremism of the centre">Extremism of the centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-scale_(personality_test)" title="F-scale (personality test)">F-scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_(insult)" title="Fascist (insult)">Fascist as an insult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism#1920s_and_1930s" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Fascist_Italy" title="Glossary of Fascist Italy">Glossary of Fascist Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensphilosophie#Connection_to_Nazism" title="Lebensphilosophie">Lebensphilosophie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneanism" title="Mediterraneanism">Mediterraneanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-fascism" title="Post-fascism">Post-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-fascism" title="Proto-fascism">Proto-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">Red fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_fascism" title="Social fascism">Social fascism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fascism_sidebar" title="Template:Fascism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fascism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Fascism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The New Order (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Neuordnung) of Europe refers to a group of concepts for a political and social system that the regime of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> wanted to impose on the <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">areas of Europe that it conquered and occupied</a>. Planning for the Neuordnung had already begun long before the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> proclaimed a "European New Order" publicly on 30 January 1941: "The year 1941 will be, I am convinced, the historical year of a great European New Order!"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Among other things, the New Order envisaged the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">pan-German</a> <a href="/wiki/Racialism_(racial_categorization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialism (racial categorization)">racial state</a>, structured according to <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi ideology</a>, to ensure the existence of a perceived <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nordic_race#Nazi_Nordicism" title="Nordic race">Nordic</a> <a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a>, to consolidate a massive territorial expansion into <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> through <a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">colonization</a> by German settlers, to achieve the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">physical annihilation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>), <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> ("gypsies"), and other people who were considered "<a href="/wiki/Life_unworthy_of_life" title="Life unworthy of life">unworthy of life</a>", as well as to implement the <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">extermination, expulsion or enslavement</a> of most of the Slavic peoples and other people whom Nazi ideology considered "<a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">racially inferior</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Gumkowski-2">[2]</a> Nazi Germany's aggressive desire for territorial <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>) ranks as a major <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">cause of World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Historians <a href="/wiki/Nazi_foreign_policy_debate" title="Nazi foreign policy debate">remain divided</a> as to the ultimate New Order goals – some believe that the New Order was to be limited to Nazi German domination of Europe, while others see it as a springboard for eventual world conquest and the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">world government</a> under German control.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_term">Origin of the term</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the term">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="Special:EditPage/New Order (Nazism)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism">"New Order" Nazism</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22New+Order%22+Nazism&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (November 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The term Neuordnung originally[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] had a more limited meaning than it did later.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] It is typically translated as "New Order",[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] but a more correct translation would be more akin to "reorganization".<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] When it was used in Germany during the Third Reich era, it referred specifically to the desire of the Nazis to redraw the <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">state borders</a> within <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, thereby transforming the existing geopolitical structures.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the same sense, it has also been used, now and in the past, to denote similar re-orderings of the international political order such as those following the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> in 1648, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> in 1815, and the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> victory in 1945.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The complete phrase used by the Nazi establishment was actually die Neuordnung Europas (the New Order of Europe), for which Neuordnung was merely a shorthand.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Government of Nazi Germany">Nazi government</a>, that principle was pursued by Germany to secure a fair rearrangement of territory for the common benefit of <a href="/wiki/Ideas_of_European_unity_before_1948" title="Ideas of European unity before 1948">a new, economically integrated Europe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> which in Nazi terminology meant the continent of Europe with the exception of the "<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiatic</a>" <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Nazi racial views regarded the "<a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevist</a>" Soviet state as both a criminal institution which needed to be destroyed, and as a barbarian place lacking any culture that would give it a "European" character.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Therefore, Neuordnung was rarely used in reference to Soviet Russia, because the Nazis believed it did not feature any elements that could be re-organized along Nazi lines.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The objective was to ensure a state of total post-war continental <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Haffner-12">[11]</a> That was to be achieved by the <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansion</a> of the territorial base of the German state itself, combined with the political and economic subjugation of the rest of Europe to Germany. Eventual extensions of the project to areas beyond Europe, as well as on an ultimately global scale, were anticipated for the future period in which Germany would have secured unchallenged control over her own continent, but Neuordnung did not carry that extra-European meaning at the time.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Through its wide use in <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi propaganda</a>, the phrase quickly gained resonance in Western media. In English-language academic circles especially, it eventually carried a much more inclusive definition, and was increasingly used to refer to the foreign and domestic policies, and the war aims, of the Nazi state, and of its <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictatorial</a> leader Adolf Hitler. Therefore, the phrase had approximately the same connotations as the term <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">co-prosperity sphere</a> did in <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> circles, in reference to their planned imperial domain. Nowadays, it is generally used to refer to all the post-war plans and policies, both in and outside of Europe, that the Nazis expected to implement after the anticipated victory of Germany and the other <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> in World War II.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideological_background">Ideological background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideological background">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Primary_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Primary_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a>. Please improve this section by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism">"New Order" Nazism</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22New+Order%22+Nazism">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22New+Order%22+Nazism&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (November 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazi_bio-politics">Nazi bio-politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nazi bio-politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Nazi racial theories</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racial policy of Nazi Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism#Germany" title="White nationalism">White nationalism § Germany</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#Germany" title="White supremacy">White supremacy § Germany</a></div> The Nazis claimed to scientifically measure a strict <a href="/wiki/Racial_hierarchy" title="Racial hierarchy">hierarchy</a> of human <a href="/wiki/Race_(classification_of_human_beings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (classification of human beings)">race</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">master race</a>" was said to comprise the purest stock of the <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a>, which was narrowly defined by the Nazis as being identical to the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_race" title="Nordic race">Nordic race</a>, followed by other sub-Aryan races.<a href="#cite_note-Hitler,_Adolf_Mein_Kampf-13">[12]</a> The Nazis believed that because <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western civilization</a>, mostly created and maintained by Nordics, was obviously superior to other <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilizations</a>, the "Nordic" peoples were superior to all other races and as a result, they were entitled to dominate the world, a concept which is known as <a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Polish academic <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lemkin" title="Raphael Lemkin">Raphael Lemkin</a> wrote the following in 1944: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"...according to the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a>, the nation, not the state, is the predominant factor. In this German conception the nation provides the biological element for the state. Consequently, in enforcing the New Order, the Germans prepared, waged, and continued a war not merely against states and their armies but against peoples. For the German occupying authorities war thus appears to offer the most appropriate occasion for carrying out their policy of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>. ... Even before the war Hitler envisaged genocide as a means of changing the biological interrelations in Europe in favor of Germany. Hitler's conception of genocide is based not upon cultural but upon <a href="/wiki/Bio-politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bio-politics">biological patterns</a>. He believes that "<a href="/wiki/Germanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanization">Germanization</a> can only be carried out with the soil and never with men."<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lemkin" title="Raphael Lemkin">Raphael Lemkin</a>, "Axis Rule in Occupied Europe", Chapter IX: Genocide, pp. 80, 81</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geopolitical_strategy">Geopolitical strategy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geopolitical strategy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geopolitik#Hitler's_geostrategy" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik § Hitler's geostrategy</a></div> Hitler's ideas about the eastward expansion that he promulgated in <a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a> were greatly influenced during his 1924 imprisonment by his contact with his <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> <a href="/wiki/Mentor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentor">mentor</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Karl Haushofer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> One of Haushofer's primary geopolitical concepts was the necessity for Germany to get control of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a> <a href="/wiki/Heartland_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Heartland Theory">Heartland</a> in order for it to attain eventual world domination.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Also relevant was the idea that an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> would further augment German strategic control of Eurasia, transforming those states as the naval arms protecting Germany's insular position.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> In Mein Kampf he had envisioned a league with <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> should take its position as a great power, replacing <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. After that, he would devote himself to increasing the habitat of Germans to the east. A <a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">reich of all Germans</a> was to be created, far beyond the 1914 borders, in the center of Europe. In 1934 Hitler spoke of a "steel core" consisting of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> and western <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. He also established several alliances of blocks formally allied, but not equal. He called these the Eastern Confederation (<a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkan_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan States">Balkan States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volgaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Volgaland">Volgaland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>), the Western Confederation (<a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>), and the Northern Confederation (<a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>).<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anticipated_territorial_extent_of_Nazi_imperialism">Anticipated territorial extent of Nazi imperialism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Anticipated territorial extent of Nazi imperialism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nazi_foreign_policy_debate" title="Nazi foreign policy debate">Nazi foreign policy debate</a></div> In a subsequently published speech given at <a href="/wiki/Erlangen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Erlangen University">Erlangen University</a> in November 1930, Hitler explained to his audience that no other people had more of a right to fight for and attain "control" of the globe (Weltherrschaft, i.e. "world leadership", "world rule") than the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>. He realized that an extremely ambitious goal could never be achieved without significant military effort.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Hitler had alluded to future German world dominance even earlier in his political career. In a letter written by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a> to <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hewel" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Hewel">Walter Hewel</a> in 1927, Hess paraphrases Hitler's vision: "<a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">World peace</a> is certainly an ideal worth striving for; in Hitler's opinion it will be realizable only when one power, the racially best one has attained complete and uncontested supremacy. That [power] can then provide a sort of world police, seeing to it at the same time that the most valuable race is guaranteed the necessary living space. And if no other way is open to them, the lower races will have to restrict themselves accordingly".<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a> saw the future structure of Europe in 1934 as the result of a <a href="/wiki/Four-Power_Pact" title="Four-Power Pact">four-power pact</a> formed by the nationalist movements of Italy, France, England, and Germany. The <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic Sea states</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>) should also be included to form an "organic <a href="/wiki/Mitteleuropa" title="Mitteleuropa">Mitteleuropa</a>".<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> discussed the territorial aspirations of Germany during his first <a href="/wiki/Posen_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen speech">Posen speech</a> in 1943. He commented on the goals of the warring nations involved in the conflict and stated that Germany was fighting for new territories and a global power status.<a href="#cite_note-24">[b]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> in his diaries was convinced in the formula "Whoever dominates Europe will thereby assume the leadership of the world" and that was the main objective of the Führer.<a href="#cite_note-26">[c]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation_in_Europe">Implementation in Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Implementation in Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/European_Confederation_(1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="European Confederation (1943)">European Confederation (1943)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-War">Pre-War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pre-War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hossbach_Memorandum" title="Hossbach Memorandum">Hossbach Memorandum</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italo-German_protocol_of_23_October_1936" title="Italo-German protocol of 23 October 1936">Italo-German protocol of 23 October 1936</a></div> Initially, Hitler believed that he wouldn't live sufficient enough to see the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Therefore, he temporarily practiced a moderate approach to the potential enemies of the Reich (which included some concessions to the Jews in the <a href="/wiki/Haavara_Agreement" title="Haavara Agreement">Haavara Agreement</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reichskonkordat" title="Reichskonkordat">Reichskonkordat</a>, to the Poles in <a href="/wiki/Polish-German_Declaration_of_Non-Aggression" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-German Declaration of Non-Aggression">Polish-German Declaration of Non-Aggression</a>, to the British in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Naval_Agreement" title="Anglo-German Naval Agreement">Anglo-German Naval Agreement</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">Austrians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Juliabkommen" title="Juliabkommen">Juliabkommen</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a> in the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_de_No_Intervenci%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="es:Comité de No Intervención">Non-Intervention Committee</a> etc) while focusing to lead Germany into an <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> and get rid of the economic problems that precluded a more aggressive approach.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] However, after[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi economy">Nazi economy</a> failed to achieve that and was near to a state of crisis,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] Hitler developed a policy of aggression, as he felt it was urgent to provide Germany its <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>, starting by seizing Austria and <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] So, the first steps to execute Nazi New Order were the <a href="/wiki/Remilitarisation_of_the_Rhineland" title="Remilitarisation of the Rhineland">Remilitarisation of the Rhineland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anschlu%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Anschluß">Anschluß</a> of Austria and the restoration of German hegemony over <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Its military power would be increased by annexing territories inhabited by Germans while dominating the economy of its neighbours, while Hitler defied the status quo established in the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Versailles">Peace of Versailles</a> by abolishing the restrictions for German military expansion and the <a href="/wiki/Cordon_sanitaire_(international_relations)" title="Cordon sanitaire (international relations)">Cordon sanitaire</a> system (especially the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Polish_alliance" title="Franco-Polish alliance">Franco-Polish alliance</a>).<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-:27-29">[26]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] With that in mind, <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> of Austria had to be done as a priority by <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Abkommen" class="extiw" title="de:Berchtesgadener Abkommen">empowering Austrian Nazis</a> against <a href="/wiki/Austro-fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-fascism">Austro-fascists</a>, finally realizing the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanist</a> cause, while also encircling <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> for a future expansionist movement against Slavic states. Succeeding in that, this would led shortly after to the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Partition of Czechoslovakia</a>, annexing to the Reich the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> and establishing a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> to forcibly integrate <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a> in the German Nation, while turning Slovakia in a German Puppet-State and attracting Hungary and Poland (<a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">dissatisfied with the Western powers</a> and threatened by Soviet expansionism) to German sphere of influence by giving them some territorial concessions in the <a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First Vienna Award</a> through the leftovers of Czech lands.<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe1937-1939.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Europe1937-1939.png/291px-Europe1937-1939.png" decoding="async" width="291" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Europe1937-1939.png/437px-Europe1937-1939.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Europe1937-1939.png/582px-Europe1937-1939.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Germany" title="Territorial evolution of Germany">Territorial evolution of Germany</a> (before <a href="/wiki/Danzig_crisis" title="Danzig crisis">Danzig crisis</a>), based on <a href="/wiki/Hossbach_Memorandum" title="Hossbach Memorandum">Hossbach Memorandum</a> definition of Lebensraum for the shor-term.</figcaption></figure> After consolidating German domination over Central Europe, the next phase was the implementation of the Ostpolitik, which in the short term involved the development of a barrier of German <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">Client states</a> from <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> to Romania, containing Soviet expansionism in a cooperative front against the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> while also carry out conspiracy and sabotage actions against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet sphere">Soviet sphere of influence</a> (which included some contradictory objectives, like the total or partial secession of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Ukraine">Soviet Ukraine</a>, while at the same time instigate a Polish expansionism to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>).<a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-:27-29">[26]</a> All of this would serve to weak the eastern neighbours of Germany to be economically subordinate (specially <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> and Poland, whose territories inhabited by <a href="/wiki/History_of_German_settlement_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe">German settlements</a> were considered to be annexed soon, even if Germany had to intervene or balkanize those states to achieve this by force) and reverse the post-1918 territorial losses.<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> Based on those <a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">Neocolonialist</a> plans, the Reich established the <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Romanian_Treaty_for_the_Development_of_Economic_Relations_between_the_Two_Countries" title="German–Romanian Treaty for the Development of Economic Relations between the Two Countries">German–Romanian Treaty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1939_German_ultimatum_to_Lithuania" title="1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania">1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania</a>, and the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a>. However, after the Reich was incapable to subdue the <a href="/wiki/Poles_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poles (people)">Poles</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Danzig_crisis" title="Danzig crisis">Danzig crisis</a>, Hitler was convinced that Polish nation should have to be punished for its lack of cooperation with Germany's interest in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a> through <a href="/wiki/Berlinka" title="Berlinka">Berlinka</a>, although initially was willingly to avoid war and conform to annex <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Anti-Polish sentiment</a> was radicalized after Hitler getting intensely angry and offended with the establishment of an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Polish_alliance" title="Anglo-Polish alliance">Anglo-Polish alliance</a> (menacing Germany to a <a href="/wiki/Two-front_war" title="Two-front war">Two-front war</a> and isolation if it fused with the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Soviet_Treaty_of_Mutual_Assistance" title="Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance">Franco-Soviet Pact</a>).<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> So, Nazi become convinced that the existence of Poland as a country was no longer geopolitically viable in the New Order due to its status as an Anglo-French <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer state</a> against the Ostpolitik, and that it also <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact_negotiations" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact negotiations">had to offer some concessions to the Soviets</a> to keep them away from the Western Powers, securing Germany and postponing the conquest of all the Lebensraum until France and British weren't a menace.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> On the other hand, the Reich take advantage of a <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Nazi–Soviet Pact</a> by putting an end to Stalin policy of the anti-fascist <a href="/wiki/Popular_front" title="Popular front">Popular front</a> (restoring the inter <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> conflicts and <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinist</a> hostility towards non-<a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist-Leninist</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialists</a> for being "<a href="/wiki/Social_fascism" title="Social fascism">Social-fascist</a>") and specially an opportunity of partitioning <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> with Soviet consent and its desperation for "secure borders" if they were isolated of Western aid (resigning to the German agenda and maybe develop a Fascist-Communist anti-Capitalist block as a lesser evil), being an important step to prepare the New Order. The Nazi-Soviet agreetment tacitly wanted to restore <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> with <a href="/wiki/Austro-hungarian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-hungarian empire">Austro-Hungarian empire</a> former spheres of influence from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, coinciding in <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitioning Poland-Lithuania again</a> while <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czeck protectorate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> were recogniz ed to be German projected puppet states, meanwhile <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic">Moldavia</a>) was temporary given to Soviets in the Nazi new order. Although shortly after Lithuania (except for <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marijampol%C4%97_County" title="Marijampolė County">Marijampolė</a> west to <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0e%C5%A1up%C4%97" title="Šešupė">Šešupė river</a>) was given to Soviets in exchange of Germany gaining <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Poland</a> (as originally was stipulated that Germany only would get <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">post-Napoleonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Austrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Poland">Prussian Poland</a>, but not former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Poland">Russian Poland</a>), and Stalin put pressure against the creation of a residual pro-German Poland puppet state, leading to their <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazi-Soviet_1941.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Nazi-Soviet_1941.png/220px-Nazi-Soviet_1941.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Nazi-Soviet_1941.png/330px-Nazi-Soviet_1941.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Nazi-Soviet_1941.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Nazi-Soviet de facto partition of Eastern Europe.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_European_Order.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/New_European_Order.jpg/220px-New_European_Order.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/New_European_Order.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Polish resistance satirical poster – "New European Order" (German: Die Neuordnung Europas) – Polish reaction to Hitler's plans to establish a "new order" in Europe, under the domination of Nazi Germany. In the middle: Adolf Hitler; background: imprisoned European nations (France, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Belgium, Greece, Poland, Hungary)</figcaption></figure>However, the Nazis were never satisfied with this concessions to the Soviets and still made efforts to stab the Soviets in the back by making deals with non-Soviet agents interested in their assigned sphere of influence in <a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Eastern Poland</a>, like trying to turn Lithuania into a puppet state<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> (promising the <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_Region" title="Vilnius Region">Vilnius Region</a> if they helped in the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a>),<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[37]</a> propose <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a> territorial expansion<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> (receiving <a href="/wiki/Turka,_Ukraine" title="Turka, Ukraine">Turka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sambir" title="Sambir">Sambir</a> cities) and the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists">Ukrainian Nationalists</a> to realize an uprising in <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a> before <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–45)">Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland</a> (creating a pro-Nazi Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Ukraine">Soviet Ukraine</a>)<a href="#cite_note-42">[39]</a> and searching for potentiall collaborators within <a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascism in Poland">Fascist Poles</a> to turn Central Poland in a German Protectorate (with the possibility of recovering their eastern territories in the long term).<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> Only <a href="/wiki/Slovak_invasion_of_Poland" title="Slovak invasion of Poland">Slovak intervention in Poland</a> had success and Stalin got ahead of the Nazis by developing the <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Border_and_Commercial_Agreement" title="German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement">German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_campaigns_in_Poland_and_Western_Europe">Military campaigns in Poland and Western Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Military campaigns in Poland and Western Europe">edit</a>]</div> The initial phase of the establishment of the New Order was: <ul><li>First, the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">German–Soviet non-aggression agreement</a> on 23 August 1939 prior to the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> to secure the new eastern border with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, prevent the emergence of a <a href="/wiki/Two-front_war" title="Two-front war">two-front war</a>, and to circumvent a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Raw_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw materials">raw materials</a> due to an expected British <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">naval blockade</a>.</li> <li>Second, the <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a> attacks in northern and western Europe (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Operation Weserübung</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> respectively) to neutralize opposition from the west. This resulted in the conquest of Denmark, Norway, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, Belgium, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, and France, all of which were under German rule by the early summer of 1940.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> Had the British been defeated by Germany, the political re-ordering of Western Europe would have been accomplished. There was to be no post-war general <a href="/wiki/Peace_conference" title="Peace conference">peace conference</a> in the manner of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">one held in Paris</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, merely <a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">bilateral negotiations</a> between Germany and her defeated enemies.<a href="#cite_note-weinberg175-44">[41]</a> All still existing <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organizations</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> were to be dismantled or replaced by German-controlled equivalents.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_Great_Britain">Plans for Great Britain</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Plans for Great Britain">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Fellowship" title="Anglo-German Fellowship">Anglo-German Fellowship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army%E2%80%93Abwehr_collaboration" title="Irish Republican Army–Abwehr collaboration">Irish Republican Army–Abwehr collaboration</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Willi" title="Operation Willi">Operation Willi</a></div> One of the primary German foreign policy aims throughout the 1930s had been to establish a military alliance with the United Kingdom, and despite anti-British policies having been adopted as this proved impossible, hope remained that the UK would in time yet become a reliable German ally.<a href="#cite_note-Rich2-45">[42]</a> Hitler professed an admiration for the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> and preferred to see it preserved as a world power, mostly because its <a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">break-up</a> would benefit other countries far more than it would Germany, particularly the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rich2-45">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> Britain's situation was likened to the historical situation of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> after its defeat by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">in 1866</a>, after which Austria was formally excluded from German affairs but would prove to become a loyal ally of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in the pre-<a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <a href="/wiki/Great_power_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Great power politics">power alignments</a> in Europe. It was hoped that a defeated Britain would fulfill a similar role, being excluded from <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental affairs</a>, but maintaining its Empire and becoming an allied seafaring partner of the Germans.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rich2-45">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">William L. Shirer</a>, however, claims that the British male population between 17 and 45 would have been forcibly transferred to the continent to be used as industrial <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">slave labour</a> (although possibly with better treatment than similar forced labor from Eastern Europe) and the remaining British females were to be impregnated by German soldiers ensuring that Britain would be fully Germanised within one or two subsequent generations.<a href="#cite_note-Shirer949-48">[45]</a> The remaining population would have been terrorized, including civilian hostages being taken and the death penalty immediately imposed for even the most trivial acts of resistance, with the UK being plundered for anything of financial, military, industrial or cultural value, being established a military occupation.<a href="#cite_note-Shirer943-49">[46]</a> German workers would be sent to England, with the British industrial production being directed towards the Eastern front. The Germans would extract agricultural goods, raw ore, and timber, and would produce war materiel.<a href="#cite_note-:1-50">[47]</a> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a>, led by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Franz_Six" title="Franz Six">Franz Six</a>, were to be unleashed to round up and execute all political, intellectual and public figures who had previously spoken out against the Nazis and other people who might in the future cause problems for the occupying forces.<a href="#cite_note-:2-51">[48]</a> After the war, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Br%C3%A4utigam" title="Otto Bräutigam">Otto Bräutigam</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories</a> claimed in his book that in February 1943 he had the opportunity to read a personal report by Wagner regarding a discussion with <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, in which Himmler had expressed the intention to exterminate about 80% of the populations of France and England by special forces of the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a> after the German victory.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> During the proposed invasion of Great Britain through <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Lion" title="Operation Sea Lion">Operation Sea Lion</a>, there were plans to invade neutral Ireland through <a href="/wiki/Operation_Green_(Ireland)" title="Operation Green (Ireland)">Operation Green</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> By annexing large <a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Eastern_France" title="Greater Germanic Reich">territories in northeastern France</a>, Hitler hoped to marginalize the country to prevent any further continental challenges to Germany's hegemony.<a href="#cite_note-lipgens1213-54">[51]</a> Evidence suggests the monarchy was to survive.<a href="#cite_note-:2-51">[48]</a> There were proposals to give <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> and support a <a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a>, in search of the help of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> (which proposed <a href="/wiki/Plan_Kathleen" title="Plan Kathleen">Plan Kathleen</a>).<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> There were also proposals to establish an <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_republicanism" title="Scottish republicanism">republican</a> Scotland with a <a href="/wiki/Socialist-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist-nationalism">socialist-nationalist</a> ideology against the capitalistic <a href="/wiki/English_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="English monarchy">English monarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> There were some supporters from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_France_and_Netherlands">Plans for France and Netherlands</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Plans for France and Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Niederlande" title="Reichskommissariat Niederlande">Reichskommissariat Niederlande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Niederlande" title="Reichskommissariat Niederlande">Reichskommissariat Niederlande</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite" title="Zone interdite">Zone interdite</a></div> Nazi Germany considered that <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> was meant to be punished due to the <a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93German_enmity" title="French–German enmity">French–German enmity</a> that caused danger to the German nation through the historical French beligerence since <a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93Habsburg_rivalry" title="French–Habsburg rivalry">French–Habsburg rivalry</a> that culminated in the German humiliation of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (along another national traumas, like <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> or <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>). So, <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, who initially not expected a total victory (and so, wanted a fast end of the war without greater social rearrangements to Western countries and return quickly to its Ostpolitik), started to develop plans to make France a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">subordinate state</a> with territorial and political changes to maintain that situation for a long-time. During late May 1940, Hitler gave instructions to <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart">Wilhelm Stuckart</a>, State Secretary at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">Ministry of the Interior</a>, to make proposals for a new western border and precise plans for the "relocation" of the French-speaking population, that concluded in a memorandum written on June 14, 1940, in which the Ministry of the Interior analyzes the annexation of certain territories in Eastern France that had been part of the historic <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, ending in the control of the "<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westraum" class="extiw" title="de:Westraum">Westraum</a>" region for the Reich. In the short-term would consist of integrate <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Rhineland" title="Occupation of the Rhineland">Inner Rhineland border areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruhr" title="Ruhr">Ruhr</a> with annexed <a href="/wiki/Alsace%E2%80%93Lorraine" title="Alsace–Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a> <a href="/wiki/Eupen-Malmedy" title="Eupen-Malmedy">Eupen-Malmedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Luxembourg">Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and northeastern and eastern France (like modern <a href="/wiki/Greater_Region_of_SaarLorLux" title="Greater Region of SaarLorLux">SaarLorLux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Rhine_Euroregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse–Rhine Euroregion">Meuse–Rhine Euroregion</a>). In the long-term would include <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> (reaching the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>, like former <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a>), and finally establishing an annexation of the "Westland" to Nazi Germany in <a href="/wiki/Gau_Westmark" title="Gau Westmark">Gau Westmark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:24-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg/217px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="217" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg/326px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg/434px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption>Nazi Germany territorial plans for France in the New Order.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</figcaption></figure> To accomplish the plan, firstly Germany occupied <a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Greater Netherlands</a> (impeding France to use <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a> as <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">Buffer state</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Natural_frontiers" title="Natural frontiers">Natural frontiers</a>, while preparing to reunify <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch people</a> with its German <a href="/wiki/Volkgeist" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkgeist">Volkgeist</a> to annex them), next to it was planned to include Northern France (modern <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>), then was re-<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexion_de_l%27Alsace_(1940)" class="extiw" title="fr:Annexion de l'Alsace (1940)">annexed Alsace</a>, <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexion_de_la_Moselle_(1940)" class="extiw" title="fr:Annexion de la Moselle (1940)">Moselle</a> and Lorraine, after that Nazi developed plans for the colonization of the <a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite" title="Zone interdite">Zone interdite</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somme_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somme (département)">Somme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aisne_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisne (département)">Aisne</a> y <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(d%C3%A9partement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardennes (département)">Ardenas</a> (trying to re-Germanize "<a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Romanized Germans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>" to establish a Germanic <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiois" class="extiw" title="fr:Thiois">Thiois</a> country, like former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Arles" title="Kingdom of Arles">Kingdom of Arles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian Circle</a>, that would be a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_zone" title="Buffer zone">buffer zone</a> in West Germany),<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> and finally the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_22_June_1940" title="Armistice of 22 June 1940">Armistice of 22 June 1940</a> established conditions for the economical domination of France (while also developing the collaborationist regime of <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>) and an <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">Occupation Zone</a> to construct the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a> against <a href="/wiki/British_naval_supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="British naval supremacy">British naval supremacy</a> (and for future expansion of German influence in Western Europe).<a href="#cite_note-:19-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-:24-59">[56]</a> Also it was considered to reward the Italians with <a href="/wiki/Italian_occupation_of_Corsica" title="Italian occupation of Corsica">the occupation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> and other French territories claimed by <a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italian irredentists</a> that wanted the frontier on <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. In a large-scale, the <a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Latin nations</a> of Western and Southern Europe (<a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish State">Spain</a> and Italy) were to be eventually brought into a state of total German dependency and control from the Occupied <a href="/wiki/Natural_borders_of_France" title="Natural borders of France">Greater France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lipgens1213-54">[51]</a> However, Nazi geopoliticians recognized the role of France as an historical <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great power</a> of Europe since <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle ages</a>, believing that the total collapse of France could have catastrophic consequences for the totality of Europe, and also that both countries joining forces would be an imparable force to seize the domination of the continent (like did <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a>) after the eliminating Britain and Russia. Moreover, dominating France would serve to achieve a <a href="/wiki/Philosophical" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophical">Philosophical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Cultural</a> domination of <a href="/wiki/Western_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Western civilisation">Western civilization</a> by taking advantage of the <a href="/wiki/French_philosophy" title="French philosophy">French philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a> preponderance in Academical environments since <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>, which would serve to expand a Cultural and Fascist Revolution in a global scale in the future, wanting to make a superation of the <a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> (conserving its <a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)" title="Jacobin (politics)">Jacobin</a> proto-totalitarian <a href="/wiki/Social-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-nationalism">social-nationalism</a>, but condemning its <a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_revolution" title="Bourgeois revolution">Bourgeois liberal</a> elements that socavated and degenerated it).<a href="#cite_note-:022-64">[61]</a> Although, Hitler in a pragmatic course of action, also was interested to take advantage of <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> movements, like <a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a>, that were against the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democratic</a> values and so a powerful disidency without being instrumets of Soviet <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> or Anglo-American <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a>, despite <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi thinkers</a> regretting to empower <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist conservatist</a> that were "<a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">clerical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">aristocratic</a>" bad elements with their <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Custumal" title="Custumal">Custumal</a> values which were against the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">revolutionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> character of nazism and fascism (but recognising that, like in <a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a> with <a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlists</a> <a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Spain)" title="Traditionalism (Spain)">Traditionalists</a> overcoming <a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangists</a>, there wasn't orthodox fascist <a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascism in France">French movements</a> that were powerful or popular enough, being forced to make concessions to defenders of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Ancien régime</a> against <a href="/wiki/Capitalist_state" title="Capitalist state">Bourgeois status-quo</a>), Nazi Germanys had hopes that in the future they could appropriate of the Vichy France's <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a>, purging the <a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral nationalism</a> of those "Medieval" (<a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a>), <a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimists</a>/<a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Catholic">Social Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralist</a> elements, trying to introduce <a href="/wiki/Nazi_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ideology">Nazi ideology</a> by using <a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crypto-fascism" title="Crypto-fascism">Crypto-fascist</a> movements and figures like <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Social_Movement" title="Revolutionary Social Movement">Revolutionary Social Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Jacques Doriot</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a> The role of France in the New Order would be of a Magisterium of Europe to <a href="/wiki/Fascisized" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascisized">Fascistize</a> all Western countries (includying <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:022-64">[61]</a> Also Hitler had interest in the separatist movements that were resentful toward <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">centralism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a> and coercive <a href="/wiki/Francization" title="Francization">Francization</a> (although Nazi supported those programs for <a href="/wiki/Political_modernization" title="Political modernization">Political modernization</a> of France, believing that it would empower them against the Allies), serving as a mean to menace French politicians with a possible punishment by <a href="/wiki/Balkanization" title="Balkanization">Fragmenting</a> the country, abolishing its right to be a modern <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a> and restoring <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a> in France if they weren't collaborative to the German masters. Some of those were the <a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism_and_World_War_II" title="Breton nationalism and World War II">Breton nationalism on World War II</a>, giving some hopes to the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton national-state</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> to domain <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> and maybe <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> in the future.<a href="#cite_note-:192-67">[64]</a> Concerning the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a>, Nazi Germany considered them <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Assimilable</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> So in the short-term was tolerated to give concessions to local fascist groups (like <a href="/wiki/Vlaamsch_Nationaal_Verbond" title="Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond">Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nederlandsche_Unie" title="Nederlandsche Unie">Nederlandsche Unie</a>) that defended the independence of their countries within the New Order and sometimes desired German support for its own irredentist and imperialist claims (like <a href="/wiki/Rexism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rexism">Belgian Rexists</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="National Socialist Movement in the Dutch East Indies">NSM in the Dutch East Indies</a>), seeing themselves as <a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a>. However, in the long-term Nazi Germany wanted the complete annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Dietsland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietsland">Dietsland</a> (which was accelerated on late 1944 by creating the <a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaue</a> <a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Flandern" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Flandern">Flandern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wallonien" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Wallonien">Wallonien</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:25-69">[66]</a> and so started the <a href="/wiki/Flamenpolitik" title="Flamenpolitik">Flamenpolitik</a>, which consisted in the dissolution of national identities by developing or supporting Germanist and radical groups (like the <a href="/wiki/DeVlag" title="DeVlag">DeVlag</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(Netherlands)" title="National Socialist Movement (Netherlands)">National Socialist Movement of Netherlands</a>) which seen the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish people</a> not as independent nations, but as different regions that were part of the German race with only a particular <a href="/wiki/German_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="German dialect">German dialect</a> [the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a>]. Also those Germanist groups should been <a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalist</a> and Revolutionary, instead of <a href="/wiki/Clero-fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clero-fascism">Clero-fascism</a> and Conservatives (having 2 functions, to spread "orthodox fascism" that was anti-<a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">Secular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindicalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindicalist">Sindical</a>, and to diminish their national identities associated with <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> tradition), being promised those groups to be the <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">sole party</a> representing the Nazi unity in their regions.<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> So, in the New Order, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Nationalism">Dutch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish nationalism</a> should have to be turned into a mere <a href="/wiki/Provincialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincialism">provincialism</a>, don't allowing an independent Dutch way to National Socialism, just their forced incorporation into the Nazi German political structure.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-69">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plans_for_Southern_Europe">Plans for Southern Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Plans for Southern Europe">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iberian_Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Iberian Peninsula">edit</a>]</div> Spanish dictator General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> contemplated joining the war on the German side. The Spanish <a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">Falangists</a> made numerous border claims. Franco claimed French Basque departments, <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerdagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerdagne">Cerdagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a> Spain also wanted to reclaim <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> from the United Kingdom because of the symbolic and strategic value. Franco also called for the reunification of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> as a Spanish protectorate, the annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Oran_(department)" title="Oran (department)">Oran district</a> from <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a> (this both belonged to Spain's <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a> in falangist circles)<a href="#cite_note-:0-74">[71]</a> and large-scale expansion of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Spanish Guinea</a> through <a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">French Cameroon</a>. This last project was especially unfeasible because it overlapped German territorial ambition to reclaim <a href="/wiki/German_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="German Cameroon">German Cameroon</a> (which angered Hitler the Spanish dare, because he was planning on taking it back)<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> and Spain would most likely be forced to give up Guinea entirely.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> Spain also sought federation with <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> on common cultural and historical grounds (such as the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>),<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> even some Spanish nationalists claimed that "Geographically speaking, Portugal has no right to exist".<a href="#cite_note-:0-74">[71]</a> About a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Greater_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Catalonia">Greater Catalonia</a> independent country proposed by <a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Anarchists</a> on <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, the Nazis viewed that as an unacceptable possibility, because it would only help to secure French power in Mediterranean Sea, being a French policy since <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> to establish a Catalan State as a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer state</a> against the menace of the Iberian Peninsula. So, the Nazis, and especially Italians, were tolerable with the possibility of a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Spain">Greater Spain</a> in a strategic encirclement of France, considering Spain as Germany's natural ally once again (in reference to <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> alliance) and that their rise of both powers depended on France's downfall. Nazis hoped to make Spain strong enough to be in an equal position like Mussolini's Italy and avoid the status of a Franco-British condominium in geopolitics, hoping that it would be unable to remain neutral in the new order, having to choose between the Italo-German coalition or a french coalition in the future.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> During the summer of 1940, Hitler considered the possibility of occupying the Portuguese territories of <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> and the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, all of them in the Atlantic Ocean, in an effort to deny the British a staging ground for military actions against Nazi-controlled Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Fest_1973,_p._210-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-stegemann211-80">[77]</a> In September 1940, Hitler further raised the issue in a discussion with the Spanish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Serrano_S%C3%BA%C3%B1er" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramón Serrano Súñer">Serrano Súñer</a>, offering now Spain to transfer one of the Canary islands to German usage for the price of <a href="/wiki/French_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="French Morocco">French Morocco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-stegemann211-80">[77]</a> Although Hitler's interest in the Atlantic islands must be understood from a framework imposed by the military situation of 1940, he ultimately had no plans of ever releasing these important naval bases from German control.<a href="#cite_note-stegemann211-80">[77]</a> Also, in the same month, Serrano Suñer visited Berlin to meet the German Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> to discuss how Spain might best enter the war on the Axis side. However, Serrano Suñer and Ribbentrop did not get along and they shortly after developed a big mutual hatred for each other. Then, Ribbentrop told Serrano Suñer that, in return for the Nazi military and economic aid, and their allowing to Spain of the return of Gibraltar, the German Reich have to annex at least one of the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> (Ribbentrop stated that ideally Germans should have all of the Canaries, but was prepared to be magnanimous by taking only one). Also was stated that Nazis had to be allowed air and naval bases in Spanish Morocco with extraterritorial rights, the German companies receiving control of the Spanish mines and an economic treaty that would have turned Spain into an <a href="/wiki/Economic_colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic colonialism">economic colony</a> of Germany. Serrano Suñer was shocked that Germans viewed Spain as a potential <a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">satellite state</a> instead of an equal.<a href="#cite_note-:0-74">[71]</a> After the Spanish refusal to join the war after <a href="/wiki/Meeting_at_Hendaye" title="Meeting at Hendaye">Meeting at Hendaye</a> (in which Hitler threatened Franco with a possible annexation of Spanish territory by Vichy France), Spain and Portugal were expected to be <a href="/wiki/Operation_Felix" title="Operation Felix">invaded</a> and become puppet states. They were to turn over coastal cities and islands in the Atlantic to Germany as part of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Wall" title="Atlantic Wall">Atlantic Wall</a> and to serve as German naval facilities. Portugal was to cede <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> as part of the intended <a href="/wiki/Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a> colonial project.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mediterranean_Europe">Mediterranean Europe</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mediterranean Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Latin_Axis_(World_War_II)" title="Latin Axis (World War II)">Latin Axis (World War II)</a></div> Also, Nazis supported with propaganda the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Bloc_(proposed_alliance)" title="Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)">Latin Bloc</a> proposed by <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> and approved by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> to create a "Rome-Madrid axis" with <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy French</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Petain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> Their main objective was to defy Britain domain in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean region</a>, expelling them from <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (to Spain), <a href="/wiki/British_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="British Malta">Malta</a> (to Italy) and <a href="/wiki/British_Cyprus" title="British Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (to Italy or the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Hellenic State</a>).<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a> However, Mussolini and Franco hoped to balance the power between Latin countries to avoid a <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> preponderance.<a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Antonescu" title="Mihai Antonescu">Mihai Antonescu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Romania">Fascist Romania</a> showed his support to the initiative in the summer of 1941, proposing an alliance between Romania with France, Italy, Spain and Portugal, which offered the expansion of Latin Block influence to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danubian" class="mw-redirect" title="Danubian">Danubian</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Romanian%E2%80%93Slovak_friendship_proclamation" title="Croatian–Romanian–Slovak friendship proclamation">Croatian–Romanian–Slovak friendship</a> (restoring the French <a href="/wiki/Cordon_sanitaire_(international_relations)" title="Cordon sanitaire (international relations)">Cordon sanitaire</a>, replacing UK and USA with Latin <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a>) while also developing a block powerful enough to stand up to Hitler and negotiate an armistice with the Western Allies in case Nazi Germany lost his projected war against the Soviets (in the long term it would serve to save from Soviet expansionism all the minor partners of the Nazis in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, etc), avoiding to being forced by Western Allies to restore <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a> and maybe the collapse of Nazi Germany in a total defeat (although, being free of German influence).<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a>, a personal friend of Petain, showed interest to the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)">Portugal</a> after being invited by Vichy France, as Salazar was convinced that the Latin countries should play a full role and still join forces in the New Order after the Allies were defeated, not only for the development of an <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-British_sentiment" title="Anti-British sentiment">Anti-British</a> block based in their common ideologies (founded on <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a> and elements of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a> with <a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a>), but also for the inevitable conflict between <a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">Pan-Latinism</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mediterraneanism" title="Mediterraneanism">Mediterraneanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> geopolitical vision for the <a href="/wiki/Western_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Western civilisation">Western civilisation</a>. These very long-term intentions caused Nazi Germany to distrust the French state and tiedy to undermine the project by taking advantage of the amateurism of Vichy diplomacy.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> Also Vichy France tried to invite <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> in the Latin Bloc by arguing that in the long-term it would serve as an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Anti-Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-jewish">Anti-Jewish</a> while also helping <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> against the menace of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a> and the legacy of <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> (as its <a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_France" title="Romanticism in France">romanticization</a> was being <a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Historiography of the French Revolution">academically questioned</a> in the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a> that sought to found a post-republican France reconciled with the <a href="/wiki/French_royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="French royalism">Catholic counterrevolution movement</a>), but <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> refused to provide support to regimes that were openly <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caesarism" title="Caesarism">caesarist</a> and practiced "statolatry" (as <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> condemned <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Non_abbiamo_bisogno" title="Non abbiamo bisogno">Non abbiamo bisogno</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a>) while militarly actively collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitic</a> Nazi Germany and its <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarian</a> ideologies (as <a href="/wiki/Nationalsocialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalsocialism">Nationalsocialism</a> has been condemned in the <a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a> encyclical), not being able the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> to fully legitimize Vichy France, and its equivalent <a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">nationalcatholic</a> clerical regimes, until those <a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">reactionary modernist</a> regimes practiced the <a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Catholic integrism</a> of its <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">social doctrine</a>, which involved their detachment from <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist ideologies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_modernization" title="Political modernization">political modernism</a> (and so, get out of the collaboration with the Axis Powers).<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_Northern_Europe">Plans for Northern Europe</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Plans for Northern Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat Norwegen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordische_Gesellschaft" title="Nordische Gesellschaft">Nordische Gesellschaft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Projects_concerning_Nordic_Countries">Projects concerning Nordic Countries</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Projects concerning Nordic Countries">edit</a>]</div> Nazi philosophers had a greater esteem toward <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>, considering them obvious <a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryans</a> due to being <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> and also having a cultural brotherhood with the Reich since the times of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic tribes">Germanic tribes</a>, eulogizing the <a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Viking expansion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nordic_colonialism" title="Nordic colonialism">Nordic colonialism</a> as an example for Germans of Central Europe, being defined as "racially suitable". Even someones considered that Danes, Swedes and Norwegians were more racially and culturally pure than Southern Germans since <a href="/wiki/Protestant_reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant reformation">Protestant reformation</a>, due to being free of <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Bavarian Wittelsbach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic teaching</a> promotion of <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">Miscegenation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluriculturalism" title="Pluriculturalism">Pluriculturalism</a>, moreover there were beliefs that Germany has a debt toward <a href="/wiki/Gothaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothaland">Gothaland</a> for being the homeland of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic race">Germanic race</a>. Therefore, it was established that they deserved the most chivalrous and gentle treatment from the rest of the occupied countries, but without hesitating to deal with a firm hand any attempt of opposition or rivalry to the German domination.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> A key role to achieve its "logical absorbtion" to the Germanic Reich were the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_SS" title="Germanic SS">Germanic SS</a>, having the responsibility to prepare the bases for a pro-Germanic elite within Scandinavian peoples and Dutch peoples.<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> Before the start of the war, Nazi Germany desired to establish <a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_pact" title="Non-aggression pact">Non-aggression pacts</a> with <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (like the <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Estonian_Non-Aggression_Pact" title="German–Estonian Non-Aggression Pact">German–Estonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Latvian_Non-Aggression_Pact" title="German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact">German–Latvian</a> ones), although <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsch-d%C3%A4nischer_Nichtangriffspakt" class="extiw" title="de:Deutsch-dänischer Nichtangriffspakt">only Denmark accepted</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> After <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">of Norway</a>, the Reich claimed that it will "respect Danish sovereignty and territorial integrity, and neutrality" and that they were forced to do it to avoid the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)">Blockade of Germany</a>. Denmark was the only occupied country that maintained the continuity in the functions of its domestic institutions, being intact the <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Danish_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish monarchy">Danish monarchy</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Christian_X_of_Denmark" title="Christian X of Denmark">Christian X of Denmark</a>, but carried a big pressure over Danish to be collaborative against Nazi enemies (like repressing <a href="/wiki/Danish_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Communist Party">Danish Communist Party</a>), punishing them in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Safari" title="Operation Safari">Operation Safari</a> of 1943 for their resistance, which led to a German Putsch of their government and the disarming of the Danish defense.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> During German indirect rule of Denmark, they put pressure over them to turn it into an economically subordinate state, transferring industrial capital and the unemployed population of Denmark to Germany to help in the racial and economic necessities of the Reich. Nazi Germany was waiting for the opportunity to crackdown Danish state through represing civil unrests in the future.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> In occupied Norway, Nazi Germany originally wanted to negotiate with the Norwegian government led by <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII" title="Haakon VII">Haakon VII</a>. However, then Germans established the <a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Quisling regime</a> as a puppet state under the nominal leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">norwegian fascist</a> collaborator, <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Vidkun Quisling</a> (wanting a pan-European union led, but not dominated, by Germany), although the real power was in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat Norwegen</a>, headed by <a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Josef Terboven</a> (who disliked the idea of sharing the power with Norwegians, but Hitler make pressure in favour of a shared domain in the short-term).<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> However, the Nazi had never seen Norwegian fascists as equal, giving them the role of an occupying authority, but using them to bring false hopes of a possible independence of Norway, as Germans would hand over the sovereignty of Norway in the future as their northest province (although sometimes was considered to give a political independence if it could be useful temporarily).<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> Also it was considered from the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_SS" title="Germanic SS">Germanic SS</a> to support <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_irredentist_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian irredentist claims">Norwegian irredentist claims</a> to annex the <a href="/wiki/Faroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroes">Faroes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a> (after a proposed invasion named <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ikarus" title="Operation Ikarus">Operation Ikarus</a>) and maybe <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> or at least <a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red%27s_Land" title="Erik the Red's Land">Erik the Red's Land</a> (although Hitler see it unrealistic in the short-term);<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> most of them conditioned in the degree of collaboration of the Danes and the possibility to punish them by threatening the <a href="/wiki/Danish_colonial_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish colonial empire">Danish colonial empire</a> or in the level of militar contribution of Norwegians against a possible invasion of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Even were proposals to restore a <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Colonial_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Colonial Empire">Norwegian Colonial Empire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> to defy <a href="/wiki/Russian_Arctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Arctic">Russian Arctic</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic claims</a>, based in Norway prestigee on <a href="/wiki/Polar_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar expedition">polar expedition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> Moreover, Nazi Germany was interested to support Norwegian expansionism over <a href="/wiki/Northern_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Russia">Northern Russia</a>, being reserved a territory named <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrveg" class="extiw" title="no:Austrveg">Austrveg</a> (based in the <a href="/wiki/Bjarmaland" title="Bjarmaland">Bjarmaland</a>) which would be probably the <a href="/wiki/Kola_Peninsula" title="Kola Peninsula">Kola Peninsula</a>, while also Norway would contribuit with Norwegian settlers to assist the German ones in the <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> Another possibilites were the expansion over Swedish territory in case <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden in World War II">Sweden in World War II</a> joined the Allies and needed to be punished by the Germanic Reich, being considered the annexation of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland" title="Jämtland">Jämtland</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rjedalen" title="Härjedalen">Härjedalen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohusl%C3%A4n" title="Bohuslän">Bohuslän</a> to Norway (rather as a puppet state or as a German province).<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> In the future, it was planned to construct in Norway the <a href="/wiki/Nordstern_(city)" title="Nordstern (city)">Nordstern city</a>, inhabited mostly by Germans and serving for the global projection of naval power of the reich as a "German Singapore" over the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> area, being inevitable a German <a href="/wiki/Exclaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclaves">exclave</a> for a future war against Atlantic Powers like <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the remains of British Empire.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> Concerning Sweden, it was considered through the war the possibility of a German invasion if Swedish neutrality wasn't useful and also to integrate Swedes to the Germanic Reich. In the long-term, Nazi plans for Sweden involucrated the exportation of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>, establishing concentration camps in <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6bo" title="Sjöbo">Sjöbo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stora_Karls%C3%B6" title="Stora Karlsö">Stora Karlsö</a> and empower the National Socialist Workers' Party.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Plans_for_Finland">Plans for Finland</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Plans for Finland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Finnlands_Lebensraum" title="Finnlands Lebensraum">Finnlands Lebensraum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryti%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Agreement" title="Ryti–Ribbentrop Agreement">Ryti–Ribbentrop Agreement</a></div> Initially, the Reich respected Finnish autonomy in the New Order, considering it useful to maintain relations. However, when Finnish officials considered cutting off their alliance with Germany, the Reich started pressure to make Finland a <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">Client state</a> completely dependent on Germany, ending the possibility of the Finnish government making a separate peace with the Allies.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationalism" title="Finnish nationalism">Finnish nationalists</a> codified[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] the annexation of <a href="/wiki/East_Karelia" title="East Karelia">East Karelia</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish People">Finnish nation</a>, and in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finland_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finland collaboration with Nazi Germany (page does not exist)">Finland collaboration with Nazi Germany</a> some Finnish politicians suggested that they had the mission to not only recover <a href="/wiki/Karelian_question" title="Karelian question">Karelian territories</a>, but to liberate the <a href="/wiki/Finnic_peoples" title="Finnic peoples">tribal peoples of Finnic</a> origin from the tyranny of the Bolsheviks and the Russians, while also having a more defensive frontier with the expansion over <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Isthmus" title="Karelian Isthmus">Karelian Isthmus</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kola_Peninsula" title="Kola Peninsula">Kola Peninsula</a>. Nazi Germany and racial investigators supported the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish irredentism">Finnish irredentists</a> (specially the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">Patriotic People's Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic_Karelia_Society" title="Academic Karelia Society">Academic Karelia Society</a>) as they could be useful to weaken the Soviet-Russian control (also due to wanting the German conquest of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Russia">Northern Russia</a> until <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>) and even helped Finnish ethnologists to find out what part of the Russian-speaking population was of the Finnish national population (<a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russified</a> <a href="/wiki/Karelians" title="Karelians">Karelians</a>), and what part was of the non-national population (<a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Finland" title="Russians in Finland">Russian settlers</a>), taking the latter to <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camps</a> for their future expulsion (although the Finnish government wasn't aware of the particular brutality of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Karelian_concentration_camps" title="East Karelian concentration camps">those administered by Fines</a> provided more humane treatment).<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> In the short-term, a process of <a href="/wiki/Finnicization" title="Finnicization">finlandization</a> and <a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">de-stalinization</a> had to take place by organizing programs in <a href="/wiki/Veps_language" title="Veps language">Vepsä</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludic_language" title="Ludic language">Lydy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian languages</a> on <a href="/wiki/Aunus_Radio" title="Aunus Radio">Aunus Radio</a>, bringing educators from Finland to teach them against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet propaganda">Soviet propaganda</a>, make population exchanges in which the Germans transported 62,000 <a href="/wiki/Ingrian_Finns" title="Ingrian Finns">Ingrian Finns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izhorians" title="Izhorians">Izhorians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Votians" title="Votians">Votians</a> to Finland (most of them voluntarly, escaping the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_the_Ingrian_Finns" title="Genocide of the Ingrian Finns">Soviet Genocide of the Ingrian Finns</a>), and the development of a <a href="/wiki/Finnish_military_administration_in_Eastern_Karelia" title="Finnish military administration in Eastern Karelia">Finnish military administration</a> that ironically developed a very effective <a href="/wiki/Health_care_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care system">health care system</a> (better than pre-war Soviet one, being less levels of <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">Disease</a>). However, the areas were not legally annexed to Finland (despite German pressure), the parliament declared that only the areas lost in the Winter War belonged to Finland, while the "new provinces" were to wait until a peace treaty was concluded and also the investigation of the <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtion_tieteellinen_It%C3%A4-Karjalan_toimikunta" class="extiw" title="fi:Valtion tieteellinen Itä-Karjalan toimikunta">State Scientific Committee of Eastern Karelia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"We don't dream of Novgorod or Moscow, the coasts of Syväri, Ääninen and Vienna are enough for us"<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ilkka (Finnish newspaper)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_a_Greater_Germanic_Reich">Establishment of a Greater Germanic Reich</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Establishment of a Greater Germanic Reich">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Germanic_Reich.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Greater_Germanic_Reich.png/300px-Greater_Germanic_Reich.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Greater_Germanic_Reich.png/450px-Greater_Germanic_Reich.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Greater_Germanic_Reich.png/600px-Greater_Germanic_Reich.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Boundaries of the planned "<a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a>" based on various, only partially systematized target projections (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a>) from state administration and <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> leadership sources.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a></figcaption></figure> One of the most elaborate Nazi projects initiated in the newly conquered territories during this period of the war was the planned establishment of a "Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation" (Großgermanisches Reich Deutscher Nation).<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> This future empire was to consist of, in addition to Greater Germany, virtually all of historically Germanic Europe (except Great Britain), <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">whose inhabitants</a> the Nazis believed to be "<a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a>" in nature. The consolidation of these countries as mere provinces of the Third Reich, in the same manner in which Austria was reduced to the "<a href="/wiki/Ostmark_(Austria)" title="Ostmark (Austria)">Ostmark</a>", was to be carried out through a rapidly enforced process of <a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a> (synchronization). The ultimate intent of this was to eradicate all traces of national rather than <a href="/wiki/Racialism_(racial_categorization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialism (racial categorization)">racial</a> consciousness, although <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">their native languages</a> were to remain in existence.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_German_domination_in_Southeast_Europe">Establishment of German domination in Southeast Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Establishment of German domination in Southeast Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Axis_control_of_the_Danube" title="Axis control of the Danube">Axis control of the Danube</a></div> Immediately prior to Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, five countries, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a> were already <a href="/wiki/Client_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Client states">client states</a> of Nazi Germany. Serbia was under direct German military occupation and <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> were under the occupation of Italy. Greece was under direct <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">German-Italian military occupation</a> because of the growing <a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">resistance movement</a>. Although technically in the Italian sphere of influence, Croatia was, in reality, a <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">condominium</a> puppet state of the two Axis powers, with Italy controlling the southwestern half, and Germany the northeastern half.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_german_buffer_state_1941.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/South_german_buffer_state_1941.png/290px-South_german_buffer_state_1941.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/South_german_buffer_state_1941.png/435px-South_german_buffer_state_1941.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/South_german_buffer_state_1941.png/580px-South_german_buffer_state_1941.png 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Planned German Buffer State on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> that would be composed of <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Serbia" title="Germans of Serbia">ethnic Germans</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a></figcaption></figure> Hitler observed that permanent German bases might be established in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> (possibly to be renamed to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy" title="Prince Eugene of Savoy">Prinz-Eugen</a>-Stadt) and <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> The Reichfestung Belgrad had been referred to in a "great secret memorandum" by Secretary of State and SS Brigade Chief <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart">Wilhelm Stuckart</a> in 1941, being about the situation and future fate of Germany in the territories of the former <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, based on scripts of 1939 from <a href="/wiki/Werner_Lorenz" title="Werner Lorenz">Werner Lorenz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" title="Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> Names such as Prinz-Eugen-Gau, Reichsgau Banat, Donauprotektorat, Schwabenland, Donaudeutschland or Autonomes Siebenbürgen were proposed to designate said territory. This buffer state of <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Serbia" title="Germans of Serbia">Germans of Serbia</a> would have been for the purpose of ensuring permanent German supremacy over the Danube basin, and then, to plan an economic reorganization of the Balkans. The resettlement of Germans in this administrative division was planned to be the logical consequence.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> Even without the annexation of the Banat to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a>, the Southeast European states would have remained only formally independent, while in reality their economic and military domination would have gravitated as satellites in the German hegemonic orbit, in a similar dependency like the <a href="/wiki/Mitteleuropa" title="Mitteleuropa">Mitteleuropa</a> plans of World War I.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conquest_of_Lebensraum_in_Eastern_Europe">Conquest of Lebensraum in Eastern Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Conquest of Lebensraum in Eastern Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/A-A_line" title="A-A line">A-A line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ural_mountains_in_Nazi_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural mountains in Nazi planning">Ural mountains in Nazi planning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hunger_Plan" title="Hunger Plan">Hunger Plan</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;">And so we National Socialists consciously draw a line beneath the foreign policy tendency of our pre-War period. We take up where we broke off <a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">six hundred years ago</a>. We stop the endless German movement to the south and west, and turn our gaze toward the land in the east. At long last we break off the colonial and commercial policy of the pre-War period and shift to the soil policy of the future. If we speak of soil in Europe today, we can primarily have in mind only Russia and her <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Republics of the Soviet Union">vassal border states</a>.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf on Lebensraum in the East.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a></cite></div></blockquote> Adolf Hitler in <a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a> argued in the chapter "Eastern Orientation or Eastern Policy" that the Germans needed <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a> in the East and described it as a "historic destiny" which would properly nurture the future generations of Germans. Hitler believed that "the organization of a Russian state formation was not the result of the political abilities of the Slavs in Russia, but only a wonderful example of the state-forming efficacity of the German element in an inferior race." Hitler spoke on 3 February 1933 to the staff of the army and declared that Germany's problems could be solved by "the conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization".<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> His earlier invasions of Czechoslovakia and Poland can be directly connected to his desire for Lebensraum in Mein Kampf.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Implementation of the long-term plan for the New Order was begun on June 22, 1941 with <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the invasion of the Soviet Union. The goal of the campaign was not merely the destruction of the Soviet regime—which the Nazis considered illegitimate and criminal—but also the racial reorganization of <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a>, outlined for the Nazi elite in the <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a> ("General Plan for the East").<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Nazi party philosopher <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a> (who, incidentally, protested against the inhumane policy shown toward the Slavs<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a>) was the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">Minister for the Eastern Territories</a>, the person nominally in charge of the project, and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, head of the SS, was assigned to implement the General Plan for the East which detailed the enslavement, expulsion, and <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">extermination</a> of the Baltic peoples and Slavic peoples.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Furthermore, Hitler hoped to turn Germany into a total blockade-proof <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> by exploiting the vast resources lying in Soviet territories: Ukraine was to provide grain, vegetable oil, fodder, <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, coal, <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a>; Crimea <a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber" title="Natural rubber">natural rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citrus_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus fruit">citrus fruit</a>, cotton; the Black Sea fish, and the Caucasus crude oil.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> By 1942, the quasi-colonial regimes called the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a> in Poland, the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Reichskommissariat Ostland</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> and Belarus, and the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> had been established. Three more administrative divisions were envisaged: a <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien" title="Reichskommissariat Moskowien">Reichskommissariat Moskowien</a> that would include the majority of European Russia, a <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Reichskommissariat Kaukasien</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Turkestan" title="Reichskommissariat Turkestan">Reichskommissariat Turkestan</a> in Soviet Central Asia. This policy was accompanied by the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">annihilation</a> of the entire Jewish population (the <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a>), as well as the enslavement of their Slavic inhabitants, who it was planned, would be made slave laborers on the estates be granted to SS soldiers after the conquest of European Russia. Each of these SS "<a href="/wiki/Wehrbauer" title="Wehrbauer">soldier peasants</a>" was expected to father at least seven children.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> However, about the threat in the short-term for the Anti-Soviet indigenous population (Balts, <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">Eastern Slavs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finno-Ugric_languages" title="Finno-Ugric languages">Finno-Ugric</a>, Caucasian peoples, Turkic peoples, <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a> and others) there were inner conflicts between Rossenberg's <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">Minister for the Eastern Territories</a> and Hitler's <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat" title="Reichskommissariat">Reichskommissariats</a> with Himmler's <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>. The first ones supported a <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatic</a> moderation and being a bit gentle with the inferior races, trying to take advantage of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Sovietism" title="Anti-Sovietism">Anti-Soviet sentiment</a> between the oppressed peoples by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevist</a> regime (proposing <a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">land reform</a> of <a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_the_USSR#"Decollectivization"_under_German_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivization in the USSR">decollectivization</a> and a degree of autonomy only at municipal level), so the <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a> would see Germans as their liberators and would make easier the conquest, postponing their annihilation and enslavement until German control was consolidated. The second ones supported a radical and brutal approach, disdaining the idea of giving social and political concessions to pro-German collaborators, assuming that the conquest would be an easy and fast victory, so <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a> should had to get used to servitude to their new Aryan masters instead of deluding them into the idea of being partners of the Reich, seeing them only as object of exploitation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008321–402-133">[130]</a> German women were encouraged to have as many children as possible to populate the newly acquired Eastern territories. To encourage this fertility policy, the <a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a> program was expanded and the state decoration known as the <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Honor_of_the_German_Mother" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross of Honor of the German Mother">Gold Honor Cross of the German Mother</a> was instituted, which was awarded to German women who bore at least eight children for the Third Reich. There was also an effort by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> and Himmler to introduce new marriage legislation to facilitate population growth, which would have allowed decorated war heroes to marry an additional wife.<a href="#cite_note-fest686-134">[131]</a> Himmler envisaged a German population of 300,000,000 by 2000.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_Belarus,_Russia,_and_Ukraine">Plans for Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Plans for Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien" title="Reichskommissariat Moskowien">Reichskommissariat Moskowien</a></div> Rosenberg viewed the political goal of Operation Barbarossa as not merely the destruction of the Bolshevik regime, but the "reversing of Russian dynamism" towards the east (<a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>) and the freeing of the Reich of the "eastern nightmare for centuries to come" by eliminating the Russian state, regardless of its political ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFörster1998489-135">[132]</a> The continued existence of Russia as a potential instigator of <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">pan-Slavism</a> and its suggestive power over other Slavic peoples in the fight between "Germandom" and "Slavism" was seen as a major threat, so Russian nation should be dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> This was to be solved by exploiting ethnic centrifugal forces and limiting the influence of "Greater Russiandom" (Großrussentum) by promoting segmentation in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Divide_and_rule" title="Divide and rule">divide and conquer</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In a memorandum sent to Rosenberg in March 1942, Nazi anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Otto_Reche" title="Otto Reche">Otto Reche</a> argued for the disappearance of 'Russia' both as an ethnic and political concept, and the promotion of a new plethora of ethnicities based on <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">medieval Slavic</a> tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Vyatichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyatichs">Vyatichs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Severians" title="Severians">Severians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> Even <a href="/wiki/White_Ruthenia" title="White Ruthenia">White Ruthenia</a>, and in particular Ukraine ("in its present extent") he deemed to be dangerously large.<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> were perceived by Alfred Rosenberg as "the most harmless and because of this the least dangerous for us of all the peoples in the Eastern Space", which implied that were the easiest one to exploit and dissolve, using their territory to agglomerate undesirable ethnics and traitorous Aryans (anti-Nazi), and finally turn <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belarus" title="Geography of Belarus">Belarus territory</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">Nature reserve</a>, serving as natural barrier to protect the projeceted Germanized Baltic Region from the non-assimilable peoples.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> had already advocated for such a general policy towards Eastern Europe in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-himmler-138">[135]</a> A top-secret memorandum in 1940 from Himmler entitled "Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Peoples in the East" expressed that the Germans must splinter as many ethnic splinter groups in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied Europe</a> as possible, including <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a>, "White Russians" (<a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gorals" title="Gorals">Gorals</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Goralenvolk" title="Goralenvolk">Goralenvolk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lemkos" title="Lemkos">Lemkos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kashubians" title="Kashubians">Kashubians</a> and to find all "racially valuable" people and assimilate them in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-himmler-138">[135]</a> The Eastern Ministry responded that Reche's emphasis on the plurality of ethnic groups in the Soviet Union was correct "in itself", but was skeptical about his proposal to resurrect obscure and extinct nationalities.<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> He defended his proposal by arguing that "[sic] in the area of ethnicity much has already been successfully brought back to life!", but inquired as to whether names connected with the main towns in each area might serve this role instead.<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> A memo date written by <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhard_Wetzel" class="extiw" title="de:Erhard Wetzel">Erhard Wetzel</a> from the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Racial_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP Office of Racial Policy">NSDAP Office of Racial Policy</a> administration, in April 1942 details the splitting up of <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien" title="Reichskommissariat Moskowien">Reichskommissariat Moskowien</a> into very loosely tied Generalkommissariats.<a href="#cite_note-Gumkowski-2">[2]</a> The objective was to undermine the national cohesion of the Russians by promoting regional identification; a Russian from the Gorki Generalkommissariat was to feel that he was different from a Russian in the Tula Generalkommissariat.<a href="#cite_note-Gumkowski-2">[2]</a> In July 1944, Himmler ordered <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kaltenbrunner" title="Ernst Kaltenbrunner">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/RSHA" class="mw-redirect" title="RSHA">RSHA</a>, to begin the exporting of the faith of the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> to the occupied east.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2011267-139">[136]</a> Himmler considered the Jehovah's Witnesses to be frugal, hard-working, honest and fanatic in their <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a>, and he believed that these traits were extremely desirable for the suppressed nations in the east<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2011267-139">[136]</a> – despite some 2,500 and 5,000 Jehovah's Witnesses <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany">becoming victims of the Holocaust</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Also, a source of discussion in the Nazi circles was the replacement of the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic letters">Cyrillic letters</a> with the <a href="/wiki/German_alphabet" title="German alphabet">German alphabet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dallin-140">[137]</a> Also was planned to rename Russian places with German names, like <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> as Holmgard (trying to justify with the cultural influence of medieval <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> on North Russia).<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> A series of "semantic guidelines" published by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">German Interior Ministry</a> in 1942 declared that it was permissible to use the word 'Russia' only in a reference to the "<a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Petersburg empire</a>" of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> and its follow-ups until the <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1917">Revolution of 1917</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> The period from 1300 to Peter the Great (the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a>) was to be called the "Muscovite state", while post-1917 Russia was not to be referred to as an empire or a state at all; the preferred terms for this period were "bolshevik chaos" or "communist elements".<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> Furthermore, historic expressions such as <a href="/wiki/Little_Russia" title="Little Russia">Little Russia</a> (Ukraine), White Russia (<a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>/<a href="/wiki/White_Ruthenia" title="White Ruthenia">White Ruthenia</a>), Russian Sea (for the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>), and Russian Asia (for <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Central Asia</a>) were to be absolutely avoided as terminology of the "Muscovite imperialism".<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>" was described as a pejorative Russian term for the <a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a> which was preferably to be avoided, and respectively replaced with the concepts "<a href="/wiki/Idel-Ural" title="Idel-Ural">Idel (Volga)-Uralian</a>", "Crimean Turks", and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Burleigh-136">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_Baltic_Region">Plans for Baltic Region</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Plans for Baltic Region">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Reichskommissariat Ostland</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichskommissariat_Ostland_Administrative.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Reichskommissariat_Ostland_Administrative.png/217px-Reichskommissariat_Ostland_Administrative.png" decoding="async" width="217" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Reichskommissariat_Ostland_Administrative.png/326px-Reichskommissariat_Ostland_Administrative.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Reichskommissariat_Ostland_Administrative.png/434px-Reichskommissariat_Ostland_Administrative.png 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="4120" /></a><figcaption>Nazi planned administration of the Baltic region.</figcaption></figure> Baltic peoples (<a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a>) were seen as mostly assimilable in a long-term by the Nazi anthropologists<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> and were considered to have a process of Germanization in a future, inspired in the <a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanisation_of_Prussia" title="Germanisation of Prussia">Germanization of Prussia</a> within <a href="/wiki/Old_Prussians" title="Old Prussians">Old Prussians</a>, and then being turned into racially valuable settlers. In the short-term, those peoples would have a bit level of local government under a "National Director" (Reichskomissar) in Estonia, a "General Director" in Latvia, and a "General Adviser" in Lithuania. Also it was seen that Germans from <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic State">Teutonic State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> (since <a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern Crusades</a> to <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a>), along with the Germanic brothers of Swedish and Danish (until <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>), were the masters of <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a> during 700 years, until they were gradually overrun by Slavs with <a href="/wiki/Polonization" title="Polonization">Polonization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Governorates" title="Baltic Governorates">Baltic Governorates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" title="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia">Courland-Semigallia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia" title="Duchy of Livonia">Livonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia" title="Governorate of Estonia">Estland</a>, so it gave an historical right for the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a> to restore its influence and get the <a href="/wiki/Dominium_maris_baltici" title="Dominium maris baltici">Dominium maris baltici</a>, in which <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a> would had a key role in that plans, restoring them as political elites in a <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanized</a> <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> prior to union with propper Germany in a near future (being considered the most easy region of the USSR to be turned in a permanent form of administration).<a href="#cite_note-:26-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Originally the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Reichskommissariat Ostland</a> was going to be called "Reichskommissariat Baltenland" to secure the support of native Baltics to Germany, but due to the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/West_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="West Belarus">West Belarus</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Ingria" title="Ingria">Ingria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pskov_Oblast" title="Pskov Oblast">Pskov</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast" title="Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod</a>) as a planned hinterland for the occupied Baltic region, it was considered inappropriate to give false hopes to slavic <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">untersmensch</a> to be considered assimilable as most of them weren't <a href="/wiki/Balto-Slavs" class="mw-redirect" title="Balto-Slavs">Balto-Slavs</a>, and also serving as a message against baltic nationalists that wanted the restoration of their national independences or the respect of their own terminology (although Rossenger and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Leibbrandt" title="Georg Leibbrandt">Georg Leibbrandt</a> protested these decisions, as the sympathy from the Baltics will be lost).<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> During <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II">German Occupation of the Baltic states</a>, after the Baltic collaborators stopped to being useful, Nazi disarmed nationalist groups like the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Activist_Front" title="Lithuanian Activist Front">Lithuanian Activist Front</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%93rkonkrusts" title="Pērkonkrusts">Latvian Pērkonkrusts</a> or <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_League" title="Estonian Defence League">Estonian Defence League</a>, while also (after a brief toleration) influenced to dismantle their attempts to develop their own political structures as pro-German states, like the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Lithuania" title="Provisional Government of Lithuania">Provisional Government of Lithuania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_diplomatic_service_in_exile" title="Latvian diplomatic service in exile">Latvian diplomatic service in exile</a> or <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Uluots%27s_cabinet" title="Jüri Uluots's cabinet">Jüri Uluots's Estonian cabinet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> Finally were divided into four Generalbezirke (General Districts) ruled by German civil administrators that repressed both <a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a> and Baltic independentists (like the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Lithuania" title="Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania">Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Central_Council" title="Latvian Central Council">Latvian Central Council</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia" title="National Committee of the Republic of Estonia">National Committee of the Republic of Estonia</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_the_Caucasus">Plans for the Caucasus</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Plans for the Caucasus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Reichskommissariat Kaukasien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Legion_(1941%E2%80%931945)" title="Georgian Legion (1941–1945)">Georgian Legion (1941–1945)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Legion" title="Armenian Legion">Armenian Legion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Legion" title="Azerbaijani Legion">Azerbaijani Legion</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_and_Mountain-Caucasian_legions" title="North Caucasian and Mountain-Caucasian legions">North Caucasian and Mountain-Caucasian legions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caucasian-Mohammedan_Legion" title="Caucasian-Mohammedan Legion">Caucasian-Mohammedan Legion</a></div> Some of the priorities for Hitler in the conquest of the Lebensraum was to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> region, as it was economically important for its <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refineries</a> (specially on <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>) and would help the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">economy of Nazi Germany</a> that lacked prime resources (and also depriving the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> of a vital one like oil),<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> but also was a strategical territory to seizure of the domain of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a> and establishing a German presence in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a> (planning a future Nazi intervention of <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> to reach <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> and the Japanese Allies). So, Nazi Germany was open to give concessions to some non-<a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">slavic</a> <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a> nations (such as <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daghistani" title="Daghistani">Daghestani</a> or <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a>) that were <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">anti-Russian</a>, so facilitating the establishment of a German Sphere of Influence in Asia from the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Reichskommissariat Kaukasien</a> (which would had a territory from <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>-<a href="/wiki/Don_(river)" title="Don (river)">Don</a> to <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>-<a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> borders).<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> That concessions to the <a href="/wiki/People_of_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Caucasus">People of Caucasus</a> would involve the creation of sub-national entities as "autonomous" units in the German Reich (giving some privileges to the members of the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Чечено-горская национал-социалистическая подпольная организация">National Socialist Party of the North Caucasian Brothers</a>) unlike the rest of the Reichskomimisariats,<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> and maybe the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a> states under German Protectorate, avoiding intimidation to Iran and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> <ul><li>About <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationalism" title="Armenian nationalism">Armenian nationalists</a> highly supported Germans due to <a href="/wiki/Anti-Sovietism" title="Anti-Sovietism">Anti-Sovietism</a>, seeing them as their liberators against <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:20-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> The Nazis made vague promises to restore <a href="/wiki/Greater_Armenia_(political_concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Armenia (political concept)">Greater Armenia</a>, but were attracted to establish a pro-Axis Armenian puppet state against Russian resistance and to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Gertrud" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Gertrud">menace Turkey</a> in case they joined the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, so was recognized an Armenisches Nationales Gremium (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Council" class="mw-disambig" title="Armenian National Council">Armenian National Council</a>) led by former <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation">ARF</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Drastamat_Kanayan" title="Drastamat Kanayan">Drastamat Kanayan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> However, Hitler preferred to support <a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Kemalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish nationalists</a> (even defending the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> rather than a weak and small country that was condemned to <a href="/wiki/Political_instability" class="mw-redirect" title="Political instability">Political instability</a> for being a Christian nation surrounded by Muslims, criticizing Nazis who idealized Armenians due to its former <a href="/wiki/Armenian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian empire">imperial glory</a>, being classified as <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a> (although with suspicion and distrust towards them), or for Christian friendship sentimentalism, while also Hitler saw Armenians as "Levantine traitors" due to being traders and <a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_surnames" title="Hebraization of surnames">Hebraizated</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> After noticing that Germans were another oppressor and also having dislike toward fascism since the start (excepting some superficial resemblances with <a href="/wiki/Tseghakronism" title="Tseghakronism">Tseghakronism</a>), the Armenian support start to decline after <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>, and also German plans to give them a space in the New Order too, being settled that Armenians would be main commissariats (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hauptbezirke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hauptbezirke (page does not exist)">Hauptbezirke</a>) of comparably little importance in the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Reichskommissariat Kaukasien</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:20-154">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-:21-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-:22-160">[157]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Though the Armenian prisoners of war and refugees were somewhat discriminated against, the ultimate status of Armenia remained an academic problem because the Germans never reached it.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dallin" title="Alexander Dallin">Alexander Dallin</a></cite></div></blockquote></li> <li>About <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>: The most interested in <a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationalism" title="Georgian nationalism">Georgian nationalism</a> was <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a>, which wanted to turn a restored <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian Monarchy">Georgian Monarchy</a> (like the proposed by <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Georgian_Traditionalists" title="Union of Georgian Traditionalists">Union of Georgian Traditionalists</a>) in an Italian Protectorate like the <a href="/wiki/Italian_albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian albania">Albanian one</a>, being part of a plan to establish a Sphere of Influence there to restore the Italian power of the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_republics" title="Maritime republics">Maritime republics</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and linking it to <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> geopolitics to a future domination of Turkey and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> However, Nazi Germany also gave them influence on the Nazi cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> was the capital of the Reichskommissariat, although their intentions to convince Germans for a Caucasia dominated by Georgians wasn't effective, but convinced Nazi to consider them Aryans (but Hitler always doubted of it) and being promised to have a privileged position in the New Order (sometimes with promises of having an independent national state, but by the condition to nazify national organizations like <a href="/wiki/Tetri_Giorgi_(organization)" title="Tetri Giorgi (organization)">Tetri Giorgi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:21-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-:22-160">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a></li> <li>About <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>: Hitler personally wanted to give it and <a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Pahlavi Iran</a> (but with <a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">Extraterritorial rights</a> to maintain the economical control of Baku's Oil with permission to had military bases for a German Fleet in the Caspian Sea), however most of Nazi leaders wanted to fully conquer it and be the jewel of the Lebensraum (expelling the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a> to <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a>), but were willingly to also made it a pro-Axis client state if it was necessary (but impeding the possibility to be given to a possible pro-Axis <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). Proposals to develop a <a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Committee of Azerbaijan">National Committee of Azerbaijan</a> were rejected and Nazi Germany was against any Azerbaijani national state in the New Order (but finally recognized a nominal Azerbaijani state in 1945 to instigate the <a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a> against Stalin).<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Re-settlement_efforts">Re-settlement efforts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Re-settlement efforts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wehrbauer" title="Wehrbauer">Wehrbauer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0705,_Polen,_Herkunft_der_Umsiedler,_Karte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0705%2C_Polen%2C_Herkunft_der_Umsiedler%2C_Karte.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0705%2C_Polen%2C_Herkunft_der_Umsiedler%2C_Karte.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0705%2C_Polen%2C_Herkunft_der_Umsiedler%2C_Karte.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0705%2C_Polen%2C_Herkunft_der_Umsiedler%2C_Karte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0705%2C_Polen%2C_Herkunft_der_Umsiedler%2C_Karte.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_R_49_Bild-0705%2C_Polen%2C_Herkunft_der_Umsiedler%2C_Karte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>A German map produced after the defeat of Poland in 1939 calling for German-descendant settlers in eastern Europe to return to the <a href="/wiki/Warthegau" class="mw-redirect" title="Warthegau">Warthegau</a></figcaption></figure> By 1942, Hitler's empire encompassed much of Europe, but the territories annexed lacked population desired by the Nazis.<a href="#cite_note-kroener250-164">[161]</a> After Germany had acquired her Lebensraum, she now needed to populate these lands according to Nazi ideology and racial principles.<a href="#cite_note-kroener250-164">[161]</a> This was to be accomplished before the end of the war by a "reordering of ethnographical relations".<a href="#cite_note-kroener250-164">[161]</a> The initial step of this project had already been taken by Hitler on 7 October 1939, when Himmler was named the Reich Commissar for the Consolidation of Germandom (<a href="/wiki/Reichskommissar" title="Reichskommissar">Reichskommissar</a> für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums) (<a href="/wiki/RKFDV" class="mw-redirect" title="RKFDV">RKFDV</a>) (see also <a href="/wiki/Hauptamt_Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle</a>, VoMi)<a href="#cite_note-kroener250-164">[161]</a> This position authorized Himmler to repatriate ethnic Germans (<a href="/wiki/Volksdeutscher" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksdeutscher">Volksdeutsche</a>) living abroad to occupied Poland.<a href="#cite_note-kroener250-164">[161]</a> Himmler's jurisdiction as the guardian of the Volksdeutsche re-settlement efforts was increased to other occupied territories to be Germanized as the war continued. To make room for the German settlers, hundreds of thousands of Poles and French living in these lands were transferred across borders.<a href="#cite_note-kroener251-165">[162]</a> The great majority of Himmler's Volksdeutsche were acquired from the Soviet sphere of interest under the <a href="/wiki/Nazi%E2%80%93Soviet_population_transfers" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi–Soviet population transfers">German–Soviet "population exchange" treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kroener251-165">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J09397,_Lodz,_Millionster_Umsiedler_im_Wartheland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J09397%2C_Lodz%2C_Millionster_Umsiedler_im_Wartheland.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J09397%2C_Lodz%2C_Millionster_Umsiedler_im_Wartheland.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J09397%2C_Lodz%2C_Millionster_Umsiedler_im_Wartheland.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J09397%2C_Lodz%2C_Millionster_Umsiedler_im_Wartheland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J09397%2C_Lodz%2C_Millionster_Umsiedler_im_Wartheland.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J09397%2C_Lodz%2C_Millionster_Umsiedler_im_Wartheland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Gauleiter <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Greiser</a> greeting the millionth German of Reichsgau Wartheland, 1944</figcaption></figure> At the end of 1942 a total of 629,000 Volksdeutsche had been re-settled, and preparations for the transfer of 393,000 others were underway.<a href="#cite_note-kroener251-165">[162]</a> The long-term goal of the VoMi was the resettlement of a further 5.4 million Volksdeutsche, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Transylvania_Saxons" class="mw-redirect" title="Transylvania Saxons">Transylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banat_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Banat (1941–1944)">Banat</a>, France, Hungary and Romania.<a href="#cite_note-kroener251-165">[162]</a> The immigrants were classified either as racially or politically unreliable (settled in <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Altreich</a>), of high quality (settled in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany">annexed eastern territories</a>) or suitable for transit camps.<a href="#cite_note-kroener251-165">[162]</a> Himmler encountered considerable difficulties with the Volksdeutsche of France and Luxembourg, who often wished to retain their former status as citizens of their respective countries.<a href="#cite_note-kroener251-165">[162]</a> Moreover, it was considered to have help from other <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> outside Germans, like Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Dutch and British collaborators. An example was the Nederlandsche Oost-Compagnie (a German-Dutch organization) that send Dutch settlers to <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a> to help in the Germanic re-settlement of Lebensraum.<a href="#cite_note-:26-143">[140]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable float-center"> <caption style="padding-bottom:1em;">Settlement/resettlement figures on 1 June 1944<a href="#cite_note-kroener252-166">[163]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Territory of origin</th> <th>Total</th> <th>Re-settled in annexed eastern territories </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Estonia and Latvia</a></td> <td>76,895</td> <td>57,249 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lithuania</td> <td>51,076</td> <td>30,315 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germans_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union#Volhynia_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union">Volhynia</a>, Galicia, Narew</td> <td>136,958</td> <td>109,482 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern Government-General</td> <td>32,960</td> <td>25,956 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bessarabia_Germans" title="Bessarabia Germans">Bessarabia</a></td> <td>93,342</td> <td>89,201 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern <a href="/wiki/Bukovina_Germans" title="Bukovina Germans">Bukovina</a></td> <td>43,670</td> <td>24,203 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern Bukovina</td> <td>52,149</td> <td>40,804 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Germans" title="Dobrujan Germans">Dobruja</a></td> <td>15,454</td> <td>11,812 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regat_Germans" title="Regat Germans">Romania, Regat</a></td> <td>10,115</td> <td>1,129 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gottschee" title="Gottschee">Gottschee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana" title="Province of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></td> <td>15,008</td> <td>13,143 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Bulgaria" title="Germans in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>1,945</td> <td>226 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nedi%C4%87%27s_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedić's Serbia">Residual Serbia</a></td> <td>2,900</td> <td>350 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germans_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union">Russia</a></td> <td>350,000</td> <td>177,146 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greece</td> <td>250</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_Germans#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslavia Germans">Bosnia</a></td> <td>18,437</td> <td>3,698 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Germans" title="Carpathian Germans">Slovakia</a></td> <td>98</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a></td> <td>88,630</td> <td>Reich, Protectorate, Luxembourg: 68,162 </td></tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td>19,226</td> <td>Alsace, Lorraine, Luxembourg, Reich, Protectorate: 9,572 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>1,009,113</td> <td>662,448 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plans_outside_Europe">Plans outside Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Plans outside Europe">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">Nazi Party/Foreign Organization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts</a></div> Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany had two mean of operations to extend its <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a> outside Europe, consisting on intergovernmental diplomacy from the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Ministries">Foreign Ministries</a> of each country with their <a href="/wiki/Consulate" title="Consulate">Consulates</a>, while also developing propaganda and subversive through unofficial agencies linked to Axis Powers, like the <a href="/wiki/Fascist_League_of_North_America" title="Fascist League of North America">Fascist League of North America</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">Ausland-Organization</a> (foreign organisations) branch of the Nazi Party. Serving to establish the political and economic hegemony of the Axis Powers in selected countries, using them to expand Axis Powers influence through their <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plans_for_Africa">Plans for Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Plans for Africa">edit</a>]</div> Hitler's geopolitical thoughts about Africa always occupied a secondary position to his expansionist aims in Europe itself. His public announcements prior to outbreak of the war that Germany's <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">former colonies</a> be returned to it served primarily as bargaining chips to further territorial goals in Europe itself. Africa was nevertheless expected to fall under German control in some way or another after Germany had first achieved supremacy over its own continent.<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg2-168">[165]</a> However, Hitler's interest in African colonies were mostly for reasons of international prestige by pressure from the German elites, but he himself was indifferent and ever opposed the to the creation a German colonial policy in Africa while it wasn't fulfilling the <a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a> (a colonial policy over Eastern Europe), being convinced that African affairs would be a distraction from Germany's real economic needs in secure the <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>, railing against <a href="/wiki/Wilhelminism" title="Wilhelminism">Wilhelmine Germany</a> for its lack of long-term vision in wanting to imitate British <a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a> and gaining a lot of enemies through all the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">World</a>, as he believed that the German Reich was determined by history and geography to practice a <a href="/wiki/Continentalism" title="Continentalism">Continentalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a> (praising the imperialist vision of <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto Von Bismarck</a> or <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a>, both opposed to the development of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_empire" title="Colonial empire">overseas empires</a> and closer to the "authentic Germanic imperial character" that existed in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">Hohenstaufen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottonians">Ottomans</a>, or in the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_invasions" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic invasions">Germanic invasions</a>) unlike <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western European</a> states that were conditioned to cross the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"We are stopping the eternal Germanic migration to southern and western Europe and are turning our attention to the lands of the east. We are finally putting an end to the colonial and commercial policy of the pre-war period and moving towards the agrarian policy of the future"<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1926)</cite></div></blockquote><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"On the question of colonial policy, he agreed with my point of view: worthy commemorations, but not to the extent that they can be seen as the 'beginning of a new colonial policy'."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Alfred Rosenberg, his Diary on May 15, 1934[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>]</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_the_establishment_of_an_African_colonial_dominion">Plans for the establishment of an African colonial dominion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Plans for the establishment of an African colonial dominion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Colonial_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy">NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reichskolonialbund" title="Reichskolonialbund">Reichskolonialbund</a></div>However, in a global perspective, Hitler's overall intentions for the future organization of Africa divided the continent into three overall. The northern third was to be assigned to its <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Italian ally</a> (believing that his natural geopolitics pointed towards the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>-<a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> region, alike Roman Empire, and that Germany should respect that as long as Italy didn't betray them), while the central part would fall under German rule, based in restoring former <a href="/wiki/Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a> projects. The remaining southern sector would be controlled by a pro-Nazi <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> state built on racial grounds.<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg2-168">[165]</a> In March 30 of 1933, on a reunion with the president of the <a href="/wiki/German_Colonial_Society" title="German Colonial Society">German Colonial Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schnee" title="Heinrich Schnee">Heinrich Schnee</a>, Hitler promised support to the Germans abroad in the former colonies (specially in former <a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">Togoland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:13-170">[167]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"As for our overseas colonies, we have by no means abandoned colonial aspirations; this problem must also be resolved fairly. There are many things that Germany must get from the colonies, and we need colonies as much as any other country"<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Adolf Hitler, British newspaper "Sunday Express" of January 30, 1933</cite></div></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_der_Auslandsstationen_der_Kaiserlichen_Marine_1901-1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Karte_der_Auslandsstationen_der_Kaiserlichen_Marine_1901-1914.jpg/361px-Karte_der_Auslandsstationen_der_Kaiserlichen_Marine_1901-1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="361" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Karte_der_Auslandsstationen_der_Kaiserlichen_Marine_1901-1914.jpg/542px-Karte_der_Auslandsstationen_der_Kaiserlichen_Marine_1901-1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Karte_der_Auslandsstationen_der_Kaiserlichen_Marine_1901-1914.jpg/722px-Karte_der_Auslandsstationen_der_Kaiserlichen_Marine_1901-1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4049" data-file-height="2171" /></a><figcaption>Map of the foreign stations of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> around the world in 1901-1914 (with its areas of operations). Nazi Germany wanted the restoration of that global system, so colonial policy was a pragmatic necessity in the New Order.</figcaption></figure>In the Long-Term, Nazi Germany was planning to create a system of <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialkanonenboot" class="extiw" title="de:Kolonialkanonenboot">Kolonialkanonenboot</a> (Colonial gunboat) with the aim of parking them in the restored oversea colonies, that would serve to restore the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationsdienst_(Marine)" class="extiw" title="de:Stationsdienst (Marine)">Stationsdienst</a> of the German Empire, which was a system of German ports in foreign territory [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinestation#Auslandsstationen" class="extiw" title="de:Marinestation">Auslandsstationen</a>] for tasks in foreign waters to protect German commercial and colonial interests, and thus securing <a href="/wiki/Sea_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea route">sea routes</a> around the world for military and economical reasons on a larger ang global geopolitical scale against the naval power of other <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a> like British Empire, <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a> and United States (also <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a> and Japanese empire in the future).<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-173">[170]</a> It is theorized that was complementary to the <a href="/wiki/Plan_Z" title="Plan Z">Plan Z</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> and its efforts to be a fleet worthy of a world power, alike <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British Royal Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> In the Short-Term, Nazi Germany wanted only to gain international prestige, satisfy the nationalists demands of the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialrevisionismus" class="extiw" title="de:Kolonialrevisionismus">Kolonialrevisionismus movement</a>, the economical necessities of an expansive <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">Bourgeoisie</a>, and the political ones of former German Colonial Classes, both German ex-Colonial rulers and the ex-subjected <a href="/wiki/Afro-Germans" title="Afro-Germans">Afro-Germans</a> that maintained his loyalty to the Reich (Nazis desired to return them to Africa, so that they would not contaminate German culture and racial purity, while also achieving a propaganda effect of the benevolence of Nazi racial policies toward Black Peoples). March 1935 was the first time that the return of former German colonies were put into official negotiations by Nazi Germany to the representatives of the British government, and so the "colonial question" remained a constant (while relatively minor) topic of negotiation between the German and British governments.<a href="#cite_note-:17-176">[173]</a> On February 4, 1936, Hitler publicly demanded the cession of two colonies in exchange for continued "active German friendship" with Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-:13-170">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Great Britain urged Germany to "come to terms" first with parts of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonial empires</a>, trying to avoid the claims.<a href="#cite_note-:14-178">[175]</a> After pressures, England would only agree to the return of the colonies to Germany if they were declared <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">mandates of the League of Nations</a> (avoiding arming the natives) and demanding economic compensations. However, Hitler wanted the return of the colonies without compensation of any kind, because the German colonies had also been expropriated from Germany without compensation. On March 3, 1938, British ambassador <a href="/wiki/Nevile_Henderson" title="Nevile Henderson">Nevile Henderson</a> presented Adolf Hitler a colonial offer on behalf of his Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>, consisting in the redistribution of all of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a> (below the 5° parallel and above the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi" title="Zambezi">Zambezi</a>) in an international administration of Africa on the basis of common economic and humanitarian principles. British offered that, in addition to some of its former colonies, Germany was also to receive part of Portuguese and Belgian colonial possessions, compensating also the loss of other colonies. However, Nazi Germany wasn't interested in a shared domain and much less to loss its original colonies that still had German <a href="/wiki/Volkisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkisch">volkisch</a>, Hitler personally asked whether it would not be easier to return Germany its former colonies instead to make Belgium and Portugal believe that Germany was eager for other people's property.<a href="#cite_note-:14-178">[175]</a> The <a href="/wiki/German_Civil_Service_Federation" title="German Civil Service Federation">German Civil Service Federation</a> began training courses for colonial officials in 1938 and in October 1938 was founded the first colonial policy training center of the Reich as the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Colonial_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy">NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy (KPA)</a> opened a see in <a href="/wiki/Ladenburg" title="Ladenburg">Ladenburg</a>, near Berlin. The KPA since September 1936 was developing courses to "form a team of colonial experts who will pass on their knowledge to others", with the main goal to train administrative personnel for the former colonies that were expected to return sooner to German rule since the start of negotiations with the British. Also the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" title="Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda</a> started to use the term "German Colonies" instead of "Lost Colonies" or "Former Colonies" since February 14, 1939. Beside, on March 9, 1939, Hitler commissioned the head of the NSDAP's Office for Colonial Policy, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ritter_von_Epp" title="Franz Ritter von Epp">Franz Ritter von Epp</a>, to re-stablish a <a href="/wiki/Reich_Colonial_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Reich Colonial Office">Reich Colonial Office</a> to the management of the colonies in Africa, which would later become a Reich Colonial Ministry that would be located in the <a href="/wiki/Neuer_Marstall" title="Neuer Marstall">Neuer Marstall</a> under Hitler's order in March 1941. Also, by decree of Heinrich Himmler on 14 January 1941, a Colonial Police Office was established under the command of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Pfeffer-Wildenbruch" title="Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch">Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch</a>, while in March 1941 a <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolonialpolizeischule_Oranienburg" class="extiw" title="de:Kolonialpolizeischule Oranienburg">first colonial police school</a> (with <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Jilski" class="extiw" title="de:Herbert Jilski">Helbert Jilski</a> as his commander) was inaugurated on the <a href="/wiki/Oranienburg_Palace" title="Oranienburg Palace">Oranienburg Palace</a> (near Berlin), and in January 1942 was opened the second one in Vienna. Moreover was founded a <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fachschule_f%C3%BCr_den_Au%C3%9Fenhandels-_und_Kolonialkaufmann" class="extiw" title="de:Fachschule für den Außenhandels- und Kolonialkaufmann">Technical school of foreign trade and colonial merchants</a> in Bremen in November 1942, with the goal to imitate <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> in a colonial scale. Finally, Hitler stated that he wanted to develop special forces in Africa like the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> or former, preferring to just moving personnel directly from the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> to develop a German Colonial Army.<a href="#cite_note-:17-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-173">[170]</a> Concerning the partition of the African <a href="/wiki/Colonial_empire" title="Colonial empire">colonies</a> from the Allied Powers (The French colonial empire and <a href="/wiki/Belgian_colonial_empire" title="Belgian colonial empire">Belgian colonial empire</a>, in which branches of the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Colonial_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy">Nazi colonial offices</a> were established) that were defeated on the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">Fall of France</a>, it was expected that it would be a territory bigger than the former <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German colonial empire</a>. In that ideal, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Halder" title="Franz Halder">Franz Halder</a> told directly to Hitler himself (on July 13, 1940) that: "The French and <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> will be claimed for us." Also, when a fast victory against <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> was a possibility, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> traveled to Italy in September 1940 with the mission to start negotiations about the division of Africa after a victorious end to the war with Great Britain. According to those conversations, was agreed that all of <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a> and Southern Africa would go to Germany <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a>, while West and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> to Italy's one, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a>, which was considered to be given to <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a>'s one or restore its independence as a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">Buffer state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-173">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="North_Africa">North Africa</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: North Africa">edit</a>]</div> The Nazis consided that to rule North Africa, first, they needed to collaborate with the fascists from Italy, Spain and France, and then, use the local <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> populations and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic nationalism">Islamic nationalist</a> as bargaining chips, spreading the idea that Germany was their savior from the other empires and thus have a meaning to put pressure on their partners (in the long term, potential rivals to dominate alike their Arab subjects).<a href="#cite_note-:6-179">[176]</a> Nazi Germany was fine to give Italian Empire the primacy on North Africa and also the complete control of East Africa (except former German East Africa), being a contiguous Empire from the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> to the ones in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a>, fulfilling <a href="/wiki/Italian_imperialism_under_fascism" title="Italian imperialism under fascism">Mussolini's imperial ambitions</a>. This was due to an old German-Italian exchange on colonial projects in Africa, provocating that German military plans during the Nazi era were more oriented towards Italian Africa than towards the former German Africa.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-172">[169]</a> Even courses for German colonial officers were being held by the Italian colonial police school in <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Lazio" title="Tivoli, Lazio">Tivoli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> Moreover, Mussolini codiciated to gain control over <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, without having opposition from Nazi Germany.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> On the division of French African colonies, between the Spanish and Italian governments, Hitler refused to provide any official promises during the war, fearful of losing the support of <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>. However, the cession of <a href="/wiki/French_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="French Tunisia">French Tunisia</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Somaliland" title="French Somaliland">French Djibouti</a> to the Italians was considered inevitable in the future. Also, in the <a href="/wiki/Meeting_at_Hendaye" title="Meeting at Hendaye">Meeting at Hendaye</a>, Hitler personally and secretly promised to <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> that Spanish Empire in Africa would gain territories over the remnants of <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a>, only in the condition of <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_world_war_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain in world war 2">Spain entry in World War 2</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> but showing his displeasure with the exaggerated demands of the <a href="/wiki/Africanist_(Spain)" title="Africanist (Spain)">Spanish Africanists</a> (Spain wanted <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">North West Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mauritania">Mauritania</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">Cameroon</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:18-186">[183]</a> and trying to be the most ambiguous possible in the hypothetical compromises over Spain to avoid infuriate Mussolini and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a>'s ambition over <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> (Germans even believed that Vichy France was better able to defend itself from a British attack than <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a>), and also maintaining in secret that Nazi Germany wanted to expel Spaniards from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, as Hitler wanted to conquer both for Germany in a future Atlantic Policy against <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> after winning the War (considering to compensate Spain with <a href="/wiki/British_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="British Sierra Leone">British Sierra Leone</a>, West <a href="/wiki/British_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nigeria">British Nigeria</a> or pro-Allies Liberia). However, Hitler recognized Spain's Moroccan ambitions and considered to give <a href="/wiki/French_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="French Morocco">French Morocco</a> to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Felix" title="Operation Felix">Operation Felix</a>, as legally France wasn't owner of Morocco according to <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fes" title="Treaty of Fes">Treaty of Fes</a> ,which recognized the nominal sovereignty of the <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan sultan">Moroccan sultan</a> /who granted powers to the French occupiers by his concession), but it was considered that eventuality only if Spain was militarily competent in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Theatre_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Theatre (World War II)">Mediterranean Theatre</a> to deserve be awarded by Germany, and also by Spain giving privileges to Germans for military bases on <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Agadir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mogador" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogador">Mogador</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-186">[183]</a> and the trade control of Morocco (in a relation of <a href="/wiki/Economic_colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic colonialism">Economic colonialism</a>, something that Vichy France, neither an Independent Moroccan Sultanate, wouldn't accept, as it was a preliminary step towards a total German conquest).<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> Also Francoist Spain was developing the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Cisneros" class="extiw" title="es:Operación Cisneros">Operation Cisneros</a> to instigate arab-berber insurrections against <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a> to restore the domain of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Oran" title="Spanish Oran">Spanish Oran</a>, trying to convince Germany or at least Italy, but both rejected to support it.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> Although the German despise for Spain in the plans of New Order, <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> made important concessions to Spain and made efforts to maintain cordial relations with Madrid to prevent Germany from changing its mind and dismantling the French colonial empire in order to incorporate Francoist Spain into the Axis and then partition the rest of French Oversea territories with Italy.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"Hitler's colonial ambitions for a vast Central African empire with bases in the Canary Islands and Spanish Morocco as staging posts were more important to him than good relations with Franco"<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Paul_Preston" title="Paul Preston">Paul Preston</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Central_Africa">Central Africa</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Central Africa">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a></div> In 1940 the <a href="/wiki/General_staff" class="mw-redirect" title="General staff">general staff</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> (navy) produced a much more detailed plan accompanied by a map showing a proposed German colonial empire delineated in blue (the traditional color used in German cartography to indicate the German sphere of influence as opposed to the red or pink that represented the British Empire) in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>, extending from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> Those plans were inspired by the publications of the nazi jurist <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Crohne" class="extiw" title="de:Wilhelm Crohne">Wilhelm Crohne</a> in the "Deutscher Colonial Service" (based on the <a href="/wiki/Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a> expansionist goals of the <a href="/wiki/Second_reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Second reich">Second reich</a>), in which he also warned of the dangers of "racial mixing" that occurred under the influence of the Christian Churches in the colonies.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> The proposed domain was supposed to fulfill the long-sought territorial German goal of <a href="/wiki/Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a>, and even further beyond. It would provide a base from which Germany would achieve a pre-eminent position on the African continent just as the conquest of Eastern Europe was to achieve a similar status over the continent of Europe. This Nazi Germany "Kolonialreich nach Plänen" consisted of establishing a <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a> in a territory from the Atlantic to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, being the modern: <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(region)" title="Gold Coast (region)">Gold Coast</a>), <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a>), <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, western Nigeria, southern <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Urundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, southern Kenya, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>,<a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-179">[176]</a> Portuguese Africa (<a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>) was meant to be partitioned in a future, after being consolidated the German Colonial power in Namibia and Tanzania. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J._Hakenm%C3%BCller_-_Deutsche_Kolonialgesellschaft_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/J._Hakenm%C3%BCller_-_Deutsche_Kolonialgesellschaft_%283%29.jpg/321px-J._Hakenm%C3%BCller_-_Deutsche_Kolonialgesellschaft_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="321" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/J._Hakenm%C3%BCller_-_Deutsche_Kolonialgesellschaft_%283%29.jpg/482px-J._Hakenm%C3%BCller_-_Deutsche_Kolonialgesellschaft_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/J._Hakenm%C3%BCller_-_Deutsche_Kolonialgesellschaft_%283%29.jpg/642px-J._Hakenm%C3%BCller_-_Deutsche_Kolonialgesellschaft_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1636" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption>Plubicity of German Colonialism in Africa (from the Association of Women of the <a href="/wiki/German_Colonial_Society" title="German Colonial Society">German Colonial Society</a>) during the Nazi era.</figcaption></figure> In contrast to territories that were to be acquired in Europe itself (specifically European Russia), these areas were not envisaged as targets for extensive German population settlement. The establishment of a vast colonial empire was to serve primarily economic purposes, for it would provide Germany with most natural resources that it would not be able to find in its continental possessions, as well as an additional nearly unlimited supply of labor. <a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racialist policies</a> would nevertheless be strictly enforced on all inhabitants (meaning segregation of Europeans and blacks and punishing of interracial relationships) to maintain "<a href="/wiki/Aryan_Race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Aryan Race">Aryan</a>" purity, while natives would live on black men's camp. The "Reich Colonial Law" of July 10, 1940 defined the expected German colonies as "territory of the <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German Reich</a>" and stated that "are economic components of the German economy as a whole." The colonial population was to be classified into "Germans, Natives and Strangers." The Germans were automatically considered "German citizens and citizens of the Reich", the Natives were legally defined as "warded persons of the Reich", and the Strangers were further subdivided into "strangers of related [German] blood, strangers of unrelated blood, and <a href="/wiki/Mischling" title="Mischling">mixed-race people</a>."<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> However, also Nazi Germany wanted to develop a <a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">Paternalist</a> strategy towards the African inhabitants, trying to transform them in "loyal pupils" by a cultural <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanization</a> and economically developing them to the extent that it was useful to the white Germans, based in the threatment that <a href="/wiki/Afro-Germans" title="Afro-Germans">Afro-Germans</a> had in the <a href="/wiki/German_Africa_Show" title="German Africa Show">German Africa Show</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi Propaganda">Nazi Propaganda</a> program that emphasize the connection between the former African neighborhoods and the German colonial rulers while at the same time their inferiority). For example, Nazis praised the African <a href="/wiki/Askari" title="Askari">askari</a> soldiers who had fought for Germany in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, which deserved to be awarded according to his contribution to the Reich (providing colonial immigrants, who were declared stateless, a solution to their difficulty in finding work), while also being without basic rights and living on a "strictly closed community" that was part of a <a href="/wiki/Human_zoo" title="Human zoo">Human zoo</a> system (in which they could still practise their native customs while serving also as a spectacle for the <a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryans</a> by witnessing folklore festivals of <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">subhumans</a>), and also being punished the Inter-Racial Marriages and Sexual Relationships with White Germans.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> The main goal was to give Black people, which would be <a href="/wiki/Apatrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Apatrid">Apatrid</a> and without legal protection, the opportunity to <a href="/wiki/Social_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Social climbing">Social climbing</a> and earn money while at the same time keep them under state control, forcing the Africans to serve Nazi Germany if they wanted to be treated in a civilized manner by their Aryan masters, or be disposable and expelled of Western civilization, so return to live in the uncivilized natural condition of their race, as <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi Philosophers">Nazi Philosophers</a> thought that <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> was against the nomadic nature of black race and that explained the apparent lack of <a href="/wiki/African_civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="African civilizations">African civilizations</a> in Sub-Saharan Africa. Nazi Thinkers believed that so Germany could fight against <a href="/wiki/Anti-German_prejudices" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-German prejudices">Anti-German prejudices</a> of colonial <a href="/wiki/Despotism" title="Despotism">despotism</a> in the former German Africa by proving to be capable of managing colonies and its natives (considering that it would be an act of philanthropy and mercy of the white man to inferior peoples whom should be living in their natural <a href="/wiki/Barbarisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarisation">barbarist</a> <a href="/wiki/Tribalism" title="Tribalism">tribalism</a> on the African jungle, instead of being included in white <a href="/wiki/Urbanism" title="Urbanism">urbanism</a>) without contradicting its <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">racial theories</a>, while also gaining <a href="/wiki/Human_capital" title="Human capital">human capital</a> for the Reich from inferior races, instead of just expel them and not take advantage of their workforce, with a strict control against <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">Miscegenation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cultural_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural exchange">Cultural exchange</a> to avoid a cultural contamination of undesirable black elements among the ideal Germans.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a>, Nazi Germany wanted Africa to be a <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%BCtzpunktkolonien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stützpunktkolonien (page does not exist)">Stützpunktkolonien</a> (a colony for economical exploitation from a few and strategic German <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>), not Siedlungskolonien (a colony for complete national occupation and German settlement) like the <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>, so Black People weren't needed to be extinguished and expelled of their lands unlike the <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a> or the European Jews.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The area included all pre-1914 <a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_Africa" title="German colonization of Africa">German colonial territories in Africa</a> (at the time, <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">British Tanganyika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruanda-Urundi" title="Ruanda-Urundi">Belgian Ruanda-Urundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">British South West Africa</a>), as well as additional parts of the French, Belgian and British colonial holdings in Africa. These included the <a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a> (the latter going perhaps to South Africa), <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> with <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> (northern Kenya was to be given to Italy), <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubangui-Chari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubangui-Chari">Ubangui-Chari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, nearly all of Niger and Chad, as well as the naval bases of <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Bathurst</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995295-196">[193]</a> A second part of the plan entailed the construction of a huge string of fortified naval and air bases for future operations against the Western hemisphere, spanning much of the Atlantic coastline of Europe and Africa from <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a> in Norway all the way down to the Belgian Congo, as well as many off-lying islands such as <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>. A less extensive but similar initiative was intended for the east coast of Africa. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernhard_Ruberg" class="extiw" title="de:Bernhard Ruberg">Bernhard Ruberg</a> got the mission to prepare the transfer of sovereignty of <a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">French Cameroon</a> to Germany (with plans of projecting future expansion over <a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">French Equatorial Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nigeria">British Nigeria</a>), while <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Bouhler" title="Philipp Bouhler">Philipp Bouhler</a> was responsible for the one in <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Territory" title="Tanganyika Territory">Tanganyika Territory</a> (projecting future expansion over <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a>), while by July 1942, preliminary organizational plans had been completed for German economic control of Cameroon, Nigeria, French Equatorial Africa, the Belgian Congo and Tanganyika, in addition to examining applicants for these colonial administrations on a technical basis <a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"Some time ago, the Sisal Organization and the Banana Organization were set up in the field of colonial planning. These two names are camouflages for the East Africa Task Force (Sisal) and the West Africa Task Force (Banana). Reichsleiter SS-Obergruppenführer Bouhler, who is later to become Governor General of East Africa, is to be the head of the Sisal Organization. The head of the Banana Organization is the head of Gauleiter Bohle's staff office in the AO [foreign organization of the NSDAP], SS-Brigadeführer Ruberg. The task forces have already begun their preparatory work. - It is assumed in authoritative circles that Bouhler will not remain Governor General of East Africa, but that after he has gained practical experience out in the colonies, he will replace General Ritter von Epp as Colonial Minister."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ohlendorf" title="Otto Ohlendorf">Otto Ohlendorf</a>, Letter to Himmler dated June 17, 1942</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Southern_Africa">Southern Africa</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Southern Africa">edit</a>]</div> Even before <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Adolf Hitler's rise to power</a>, there were founded <a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German nationalist</a> groups in the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Union">South African Union</a> that attracted a large number of <a href="/wiki/German_Namibians" title="German Namibians">German Namibians</a>, being developed numerous offices in the area of <a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa" title="South West Africa">South West Africa mandate</a>. The Nazi organizations there had a comparatively similar number of followers among Namibians of German ancestry and started to conquer those German Nationalists institutions, like the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_German_Scouts_in_South_West_Africa" title="Union of German Scouts in South West Africa">Union of German Scouts in South West Africa</a> (which in 1934 became part of the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a>). This expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">Nazi Foreign Organization</a> among Namibians forced the South African state to ban them as early as 1934, because of the fear that they would serve for a future German reconquest of <a href="/wiki/German_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="German Namibia">Namibia</a>. It is known that in November 1940 the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">foreign organization of the NSDAP</a> was commissioned by the Reich to make all preparations for the (re-establishment) of party organizations in the former African colonies.<a href="#cite_note-:13-170">[167]</a> The <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher_Bund_f%C3%BCr_S%C3%BCdwestafrika" class="extiw" title="de:Deutscher Bund für Südwestafrika">German Confederation for South West Africa</a> was the only German group that survived, as it was a non-partisan mobilization movement that Nazi Germany belittled.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After a hypothetical victory over United Kingdom, the Nazis hoped to establish a friendly power-sharing agreement between Nazi Germany and British Monarchy by establishing a fascist <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaner</a> government in the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a>, which would remain as part of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a>, but also being a pro-Axis <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">Client state</a> with German influence from a restored <a href="/wiki/German_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="German Namibia">German Namibia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-179">[176]</a> In case British weren't willingly to be co-operative after their projected defeat, there were another proposals to instead give more influence to the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(Netherlands)" title="National Socialist Movement (Netherlands)">Dutch Nazis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Niederlande" title="Reichskommissariat Niederlande">Reichskommissariat Niederlande</a>, due to their former influence on the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a> and the projected total annexation of Netherlands into the German Reich (inheriting German all the Dutch colonialism).<a href="#cite_note-:24-59">[56]</a> In early 1940 Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Ribbentrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribbentrop">Ribbentrop</a> had communicated with South African leaders thought to be sympathetic to the Nazi cause, informing them that Germany was to reclaim its former colony of German South-West Africa, then a mandate of the Union of South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-rich500501-198">[195]</a> South Africa was to be compensated by the territorial acquisitions of the <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">British protectorates</a> of Swaziland, <a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bechuanaland">Bechuanaland</a> and the colony of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rich500501-198">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plans_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific">Plans for Asia and the Pacific</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Plans for Asia and the Pacific">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Division_of_Asia_between_the_Axis_powers">Division of Asia between the Axis powers</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Division of Asia between the Axis powers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Axis_power_negotiations_on_the_division_of_Asia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis power negotiations on the division of Asia during World War II">Axis power negotiations on the division of Asia during World War II</a></div> Ironically, during early stages of the War, there were some <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks" title="German–Soviet Axis talks">German–Soviet Axis talks</a>, promoted by <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich-Werner_Graf_von_der_Schulenburg" title="Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg">Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg</a> in 1940-1941 (having some <a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserist</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevist</a> elements), to temporarily include <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in the Axis Powers (until the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> were fully prepared for the conquer of <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>) to develop a Eurasian Kontinentalblock against British Empire and the United States, trying to menace or even liquidate the global <a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a>, while also convincing Soviet <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> to abandon <a href="/wiki/World_revolution" title="World revolution">Communist world revolution</a> projects and threatening the existence of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">capitalist democratic system</a> in the "socialist" New Order (Nazi Germany main goal was to finally conclude the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> and be free to start an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> without the risks of a temible Two-front war, while replacing <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> as 1° World <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Superpower</a>). So, the Soviet sphere of influence would be focused on the partition of Asia (and so distracting Stalin of European affairs), receiving Russians in the New Order the non-Arabian <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> However, there were some conflicts of interests, like a Soviet-Japanese one concerning <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern India">Eastern India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Chinese Xinjiang</a> (occupied by the Soviets) and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Mongolia">Mongolia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> (due to <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a> on <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North China</a>); and a Soviet-Germans one concerning the destiny over <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and its role in controlling <a href="/wiki/Bosporus_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosporus Straits">Bosporus Straits</a> for entry into the Black Sea (and also other disagreements concerning European <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>) that frustrated Hitler and intensify his anti-Russian sentiments, which lead to the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>'s planification and the exclusion of Soviets in Partitioning Asia in the New Order.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"After the conquest of England, the British Empire would be apportioned as a gigantic world-wide estate in bankruptcy of forty million square kilometres. In this bankrupt estate there would be for Russia access to the ice-free and really open ocean. Thus far, a minority of forty-five million Englishmen had ruled six hundred million inhabitants of the British Empire. He was about to crush this minority.... Under these circumstances there arose world-wide perspectives.... All the countries which could possibly be interested in the bankrupt estate would have to stop all controversies among themselves and concern themselves exclusively with the partition of the British Empire. This applied to Germany, France, Italy, Russia and Japan."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Adolf Hitler</cite></div></blockquote><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yeniseirivermap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yeniseirivermap.png/200px-Yeniseirivermap.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yeniseirivermap.png/300px-Yeniseirivermap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yeniseirivermap.png/400px-Yeniseirivermap.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="986" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Yenisey" title="Yenisey">Yenisey River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> was the agreed division point of <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> between Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg1-203">[200]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1942, a secret diplomatic conference was held between Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in which they agreed to divide <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> along a line that followed the <a href="/wiki/Yenisey" title="Yenisey">Yenisey River</a> to the border of China, and then along the border of China and the Soviet Union, the northern and western borders of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, and the border between <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> (which included what is now <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg1-203">[200]</a> This treaty, of which a draft was presented to the Germans by ambassador <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_%C5%8Cshima" title="Hiroshi Ōshima">Hiroshi Ōshima</a>, was rejected by the German Foreign Office and the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a>, as it allocated India to Japan and limited Kriegsmarine operations in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-martin267278-204">[201]</a> Hitler, however, found the treaty acceptable, leading to its signing on 18 January 1942.<a href="#cite_note-martin267278-204">[201]</a> The treaty proved to be detrimental for Axis strategic cooperation in the Indian Ocean, as crossing the boundary line required tedious prior consultation.<a href="#cite_note-martin267278-204">[201]</a> This made any joint German-Japanese offensive against British positions in the Middle East impossible.<a href="#cite_note-martin267278-204">[201]</a> Japanese operations against Allied shipping lines during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid_(1942)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean raid (1942)">Indian Ocean raid</a> had been highly successful along with the <a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">attack against Ceylon</a>, but these were not followed due to the non-existent German-Japanese strategic cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-martin271-205">[202]</a> The Germans vigorously maintained watch on the demarcation line and objected to any Japanese incursion to the "German sphere" of the Axis-divided world.<a href="#cite_note-martin271-205">[202]</a> Thus the Japanese were forced to cancel a planned massive attack against Madagascar, as the island had been delegated to Germany in the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-martin271-205">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_East_Asia_and_Southeast_Asia">Plans for East Asia and Southeast Asia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Plans for East Asia and Southeast Asia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sino-German_cooperation_(1911-1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-German cooperation (1911-1941)">Sino-German cooperation (1911-1941)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/German-Japanese_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Japanese alliance">German-Japanese alliance</a></div> Nazi Germany policy towards the Far East was based in the Nazi party's use of German communities in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese empire">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> as pawns of German asiatic policy (starting first by removing anti-Nazi representativity in those communities). The leadership of the party's members in China and East Asia was given to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Hasen%C3%B6hrl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Hasenöhrl (page does not exist)">Franz Hasenöhrl</a>, who tried to exploit the <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiments</a> among Chinese (however, Hitler initially ordered him to avoid provoking the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>). Also the Nazi Branch of the Far East defended the possibility of marriage of Germans between Eurasians, Siameses or Japaneses due to their "superior culture". However, the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Nazi racial theories</a> accommodated the German Foreign Ministry due to damage its efforts at diplomacy in Asia (the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi leaders">Nazi leaders</a> answered by hating that institution and his highly educated, sophisticated, and cautious officials).<a href="#cite_note-:12-167">[164]</a> Originally, Nazi Germany saw the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> as its strategic partner in East Asia, believing that the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuomintang regime">Kuomintang regime</a> would be a natural ally against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Western powers in Asia</a> that were enemies of Germany. Also, initially, Nazi German wanted to restore the former <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German colonial empire</a> in Asia, having some revanchism against <a href="/wiki/Japan_in_World_War_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan in World War 1">Japanese actions in World War I</a> (as they conquered <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_Leased_Territory" title="Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory">German Tsingtao</a>), which generated Germany's preference over China, reinforced with the sympathy over <a href="/wiki/Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Chinese humiliation</a> for being betrayed by British and French in the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)</a>, alike Germans with <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-206">[203]</a> So the cooperation from <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Germany</a> with China was continued after <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Accession_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi Accession Question">Nazi accession to power</a>, and the Nazi geopoliticals initially desired to conciliate Chinese and Japanese nationalists with the common enemy of the <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communists</a> and Russian expansionism in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, believing that Germany had a mission to liderate both Asian <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a> as a demonstration of the superiority of "White Race" over "Yellow Race" lack of long-term vision and barbarism.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> Nazi Germans initially were favourable for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">Chinese irredentist</a> claims over <a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a> as that would block <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Far_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Far East">Soviet Far East</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Manchukuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Manchukuo">Japanese Manchukuo</a> (initially unrecognized by Nazi Germany),<a href="#cite_note-:12-167">[164]</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of War">Minister of War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Blomberg" title="Werner von Blomberg">Werner von Blomberg</a>, and even the Foreign Minister of the time, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a>, mistrusted the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> (but considered to compensate Japanese with no German opposition for the total annexation of <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a> and maybe <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka</a>), desiring to avoid a German intervention in a hypothetical war between Japan and the USSR, as the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> wasn't prepared for a war against United Kingdom and France in case they supported Soviets to maintain <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> Although, Nazi didn't wanted to support <a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese nationalist</a> goals to restore <a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a>, and they didn't want to end the <a href="/wiki/Unequal_treaties" title="Unequal treaties">Unequal treaties</a> from Western Powers, just an economical and industrial cooperation that <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Seeckt" title="Hans von Seeckt">Hans von Seeckt</a> and the Hapro seizured in 1933-34 (even sending militar advisers such as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Falkenhausen" title="Alexander von Falkenhausen">Alexander von Falkenhausen</a>), but only temporal and until it was no longer military useful to German plans, which envisioned the continuation of European dominance in Asia, but without British colonial leadership and without any presence of Russians.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> Also <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a>, sponsored by Hitler, started to develop a different aproachment that strongly preferred an alliance with Japan due to its economical superiority, something that was taken advantage by <a href="/wiki/Kintomo_Mushanok%C5%8Dji" title="Kintomo Mushanokōji">Kintomo Mushanokōji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_%C5%8Cshima" title="Hiroshi Ōshima">Hiroshi Ōshima</a> to offer the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Komintern" title="Anti-Komintern">Anti-Komintern</a> (which started Nazi shift away from China and towards Japan).<a href="#cite_note-:4-206">[203]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese diplomacy">Chinese diplomacy</a> responded by sending <a href="/wiki/H._H._Kung" title="H. H. Kung">H. H. Kung</a> to a mission in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> in June 1937, trying to convince Nazi leaders, like <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_von_Mackensen" title="Hans Georg von Mackensen">Hans Georg von Mackensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>, that Japan was not a reliable ally for Germany and they were only flaunting themselves and that they were a "Far East Italy" (an analogy of how Japan would broken its alliance and declare war against Germany, like <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy in World War I">Italy in World War I</a>). The Chinese mission only gets support from <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a> and Konstantin von Neurath, while Hitler only stated that Germany didn't want political or territorial demands in Asia and that he would mediate between Japan and China.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> However, Germans considered themselves betrayed by China after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, which showed the weakness of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuomintang Army">Chinese National Army</a>, which provoked the <a href="/wiki/Second_United_Front" title="Second United Front">Second United Front</a> (an alliance of Kuomintang with <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>), and then the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Non-Aggression_Pact" title="Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact">Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact</a>. All of those rapprochement with the communists infuriated the Nazi leaders, whom began to replace the <a href="/wiki/Sino-German_cooperation_(1911-1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-German cooperation (1911-1941)">Sino-German cooperation</a> with an empowerment of the <a href="/wiki/German-Japanese_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Japanese Pact">German-Japanese Pact</a>, believing that Japan was demonstrating his economical superiority (not racial, as Hitler believed that <a href="/wiki/Mongoloid" title="Mongoloid">Mongoloid people</a> were inferior) and had gained his right in the New Order by proving his will to impose and concretize its interests.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> With the replacement of Neurath by Ribbentrop as German Foreign Minister in 1938, the aproachments with Imperial Japan intensified<a href="#cite_note-:4-206">[203]</a> and were consolidated with the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a>, in which Nazi German concede <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> and Eastern <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> to Japan, recognizing <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> and conceding Japanese its <a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianist</a> goals to establish the <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> and from <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a> to <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-214">[211]</a> regardless off the protests of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">Nazi Foreign Organization</a> in China represented by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segfried_Lahrmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segfried Lahrmann (page does not exist)">Segfried Lahrmann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-167">[164]</a> Also German diplomats hidden from the general public, and even to spheres of the Berlin government, this renunciation of the recovery of <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">Samoa</a> and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Schutzgebiete_in_der_S%C3%BCdsee" class="extiw" title="de:Deutsche Schutzgebiete in der Südsee">Nauru</a> in the short-term,<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> although Japanese offered to purchase those territories, but Nazi Germany maintained reserved (showing a colonial conflict of interests for the long-term).<a href="#cite_note-:12-167">[164]</a> However, discussions over how to deal with the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian land territories</a> were attempted to be avoided and only areas of military operation were delimited in the line at 70° E. It is pretty known that ultra-nationalist Japanese were developing plans to reach the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, India, former <a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Chinese Western Regions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>) and former <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Domains</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a>, as they considered rightful heirs of Asian <a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">Nomadic empires</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern civilization">Eastern civilization</a> as a whole, while <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">orientalists</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a> Nazi proposed to expand German Sphere of influence over <a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">Northern</a>-<a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">Western India</a> as the rightful heirs of Russian and British imperialism in Central Asia, desiring to develop a <a href="/wiki/Neopagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopagan">Neopagan</a> solidarity with <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> (considered remnants of <a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a> legacy in Asia before being lost with <a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">Miscegenation</a>, and spiritually more near to the authentic "Germanic religion" before being infected by "Jewish Christianity" and its Slave morality).<a href="#cite_note-:5-214">[211]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"The alliance (which was reconfirmed by the Tripartite Pact of September 1940 that included Italy) was a 'marriage of convenience' and an 'alliance without a backbone', as the partners quarrelled over control of the Dutch East Indies and French Indochina, Germany's invasion of Russia, Japanese diplomatic talks with the United States in April 1941, German demands that Japan attack Singapore in early 1941, and the exchange of strategic wartime resources. Such serious differences notwithstanding, neither side (and particularly Germany) needed this additional bone of contention that centred around the Nazi party's silly insistence that it still be permitted to operate in Japan. (...) The activities of the Nazi party in the Orient reflected several things about Hitler's foreign policy, namely its highly racial orientation, its heavy reliance on propaganda and subversion, its efforts to mobilize German communities abroad for Nazi aims, its disdain for the regular channels of diplomacy, and its ignoring of fundamental interests of Germany's allies. In particular, the party's work had a far more negative than positive impact on Germany's efforts in the Far East and on her relations with Japan. Regarding the latter, the party revealed its dearth of diplomatic sense and its stubborn view that all Germans outside the Reich must be united into a world-wide <a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a> [racial community]; it was willing even to undermine Germany's agreement with Japan with its political agitation and propaganda in the country."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Donald M. McKale, The Nazi Party in the Fast East, 1931-45</cite></div></blockquote>Moreover, during the initial phases of the WWII, between <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">Fall of France</a> (on June 25, 1940) and the start of <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asian theatre of World War II</a> (on December 5, 1941), the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party/Foreign_Organization" title="Nazi Party/Foreign Organization">Nazi Party Foreign Organization</a> was planning to expand the <a href="/wiki/Reichskolonialbund" title="Reichskolonialbund">Reichskolonialbund</a> area of operation on <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="German-occupied Netherlands">German-occupied Netherlands</a> (aperturing <a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Colonial_Policy" title="NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy">NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>),<a href="#cite_note-:16-173">[170]</a> which implicated the interest to conquer the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (or at least secure it for German Sphere of Influence) before a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasion of indonesia">Japanese invasion of Indonesia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(Netherlands)" title="National Socialist Movement (Netherlands)">National Socialist Movement of Netherlands</a> (pro-Axis) had the support of significative <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonists</a>, which were attracted by genuine sympathy for <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a> and convinced that fascism would unify the nation under a strong central authority, while also pragmatic ones, as they knew of the weak Dutch defense and desired the militar or at least diplomatic support of Nazi Germany to avoid an invasion from both the Allies in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> or the Axis in Japan (or in the worst case, to have a threat like in the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a>, in which French colonialists still ruled <a href="/wiki/French_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="French Vietnam">French Vietnam</a>).<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Plans_for_Tibet_and_Indosphere">Plans for Tibet and Indosphere</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Plans for Tibet and Indosphere">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/1939_Japanese_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet">1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet</a></div> An example of those German interests in the assigned Japanese Sphere of Influence was the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:План операции «Тибет»">Operation Tibet</a>, developed by the <a href="/wiki/SS-Sturmbannf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Sturmbannführer">SS-Sturmbannführe</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Ernst Schäfer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> which consisted to instigate an anti-British rebellion within the Tibetan people after a hypothetical German occupation of <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a> (the success of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> or at least <a href="/wiki/Fall_Blau" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall Blau">Fall Blau</a> to make a Soviet Union total collapse was assumed, and also the simultaneous execution of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Orient" title="Operation Orient">Operation Orient</a> and <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:План операции «Аманулла»">Operation Amanullah</a>) to undermine Allies influence over <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, being part of a large-scale plan to invade the <a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a> territories (Greater India and Afghanistan) before Japan, so ensuring White Man's dominance in the <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a> region for a long time, although the total collapse of British Empire (and even achieving the British Empire in India or Russian Empire in Central Asia frustrated desires to conquer <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>), while also avoiding Japanese possible expansion over Central Asia from Tibet and <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> The German interest in Tibet wasn't only for the establishment of military bases and instigation of Guerrilla warfare against British or Communists, it had an ideological content, as Nazi racial theories proposed that a group of pure-blooded Aryans had settled in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Tibet">Ancient Tibet</a> and was responsible for giving the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_culture" title="Tibetan culture">Tibetan culture</a> to barbaric <a href="/wiki/Mongoloid" title="Mongoloid">Mongoloids</a> [native Tibetan].<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> A key figure on Nazi plans over Tibet was the employer of the <a href="/wiki/Kempeitai" title="Kempeitai">Kempeitai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society" title="Black Dragon Society">Black Dragon Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Trebitsch-Lincoln" title="Ignaz Trebitsch-Lincoln">Ignaz Trebitsch-Lincoln</a> (a Hungarian scammer and former Orthodox Jew that converted to <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and developed his own monastery in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>), as he was proposed to be a pro-Axis <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, after the death of the <a href="/wiki/13th_Dalai_Lama" title="13th Dalai Lama">13th Dalai Lama [Thubten Gyatso]</a>. He joined to the <a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a> and proposed to the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Josef_Meisinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Meisinger">Josef Meisinger</a> (chief of the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>) that he could raise up all the Buddhists of Asia against any remaining Western influence in the area (specially the British from India and Soviets from <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a>) while also helping Japanese war effort against China and India by generating a new war front on the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> but being accompanied by German agents (like <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Huber_(Kriminalist)" class="extiw" title="de:Franz Huber (Kriminalist)">Franz Huber</a> and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Anton_Wiehl" class="extiw" title="de:Frederick Anton Wiehl">Frederick Anton Wiehl</a>) to protect the projected Tibetan puppet state from being a Japanese colony. He also tried to convince the <a href="/wiki/Occultism_in_Nazism" title="Occultism in Nazism">Nazi occultists</a> that he received <a href="/wiki/Divine_revelation" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine revelation">Divine revelations</a> predicting the ascension of an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan</a> Civilization with a <a href="/wiki/Superhuman" title="Superhuman">Superhuman</a> clergy that will have <a href="/wiki/Mystical" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystical">Mystical</a> powers and would make impotent the Allies military efforts, claiming that Hitler was an instrument of the <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Devas</a> for a new age of prosperity (this was interesting for <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> and convinced him to give his support).<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> However, the political and religious leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet state</a> recognized the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama as Tenzin Gyatso</a>, frustrating the scheme which needed the support of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhists</a>. Another impediments was the lack of interest of Ribbentrop (as he didn't trust a project from a Jew)<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> arrest of <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Rudolf Hess</a> (someone interest in the plan) and finally being canceled by the death of Trebitsch-Lincoln in October 1943.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concession_of_Oceania_to_Japan">Concession of Oceania to Japan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Concession of Oceania to Japan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Samoan_branch_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Samoan branch of the Nazi Party">Samoan branch of the Nazi Party</a></div> Germany's <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">former colonial possessions</a> in the Pacific (<a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">German Samoa</a>), which had been allocated to Australia and New Zealand after World War I as <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_Mandates" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Nations Mandates">C-Class Mandates</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>, were to be sold to Japan (both <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar</a> and Nazi-era Germany never relinquished claims to their pre-war colonial territories) at least temporarily in the interest of the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a>, its alliance with that country.<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> However, initially there were some projects to restore the property of <a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">German Samoa</a>, like the one from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Matthes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Matthes (page does not exist)">Alfred Matthes</a> by establishing in 1934 a <a href="/wiki/Samoan_branch_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Samoan branch of the Nazi Party">Samoan branch of the Nazi Party</a> with a large-scale goal to re-annex it,<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> even developing plans to seize control of Samoa and make radio broadcasts across the Pacific during <a href="/wiki/Sudeten_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudeten crisis">Sudetenland crisis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:9-228">[225]</a> but the Nazi leadership decline his help due to being ironically strongest the support of German nationalism among mixed-race settlers of German descent with <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesians</a> <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoans</a> (as they see Nazi Germany as a possible liberator against New Zealand and British Commonwealth's colonialism),<a href="#cite_note-:10-229">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-228">[225]</a> rather than white German settlers in the territory (whom supported the Concordia Club that was pro-British).<a href="#cite_note-:11-230">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> The Samoan Nazis, having the only recorded black Nazi party members, make a lot of effort to convince <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Nazi racial theorist</a> to classify the <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian people">Polynesian people</a> as members of the Aryan race, but they were rejected by the German Consul, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Hellenthal" class="extiw" title="de:Walter Hellenthal">Walter Hellenthal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-230">[227]</a> Alfred Matthes claimed that he had the support of Adolf Hitler in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-:10-229">[226]</a> Also there was a Nazi interest to gain some influence over former <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a> during World War II, like the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernost-Verband" class="extiw" title="de:Fernost-Verband">Far East Association</a> and its <a href="/wiki/German_attacks_on_Nauru" title="German attacks on Nauru">German attacks on Nauru</a> (that generated diplomatical conflicts with Japanese Empire due to conflict of interests) in which the German flag briefly flew on the uninhabited British <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)" title="Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)">Henderson Island</a> in the south-east Pacific, trying to announce with a note that the island was now owned by the Greater German Empire.<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> Moreover, some Samoan people of German descent were recruited to fight in the European theatre of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> Concerning the other <a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">Europeans territories in Oceania</a>, like Australia and New Zealand were designated as future Japanese territories, although Hitler lamented his belief that the white race would disappear from those regions.<a href="#cite_note-rich415-235">[232]</a> He nevertheless made it clear to his officials that "the descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convicts in Australia</a>" were not Germany's concern and that their lands would be colonized by Japanese settlers in the immediate future, an opinion also shared by Joseph Goebbels, who expressed his conviction in <a href="/wiki/Goebbels_Diaries" title="Goebbels Diaries">his diary</a> that the Japanese had always desired "the fifth continent" for emigration purposes.<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Hitler loathed New Zealanders as a "lower form of human being".<a href="#cite_note-nzherald.co.nz-237">[234]</a> At a speech given on 15 July 1925 - his only recorded lengthy discussion on New Zealand - he argued that New Zealanders lived in trees and "clambered around on all fours" having not yet learned to walk upright.<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> The speech was later reprinted as a pamphlet.<a href="#cite_note-nzherald.co.nz-237">[234]</a> Historian Norman Rich stated that it can be assumed that Hitler would have attempted to recruit the Anglo-Saxons of these two countries as colonists for the conquered east; some of the English were to share the same fate.<a href="#cite_note-rich415-235">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_West_and_Central_Asia">Plans for West and Central Asia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Plans for West and Central Asia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1987-004-09A,_Amin_al_Husseini_und_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1987-004-09A%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_und_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1987-004-09A%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_und_Adolf_Hitler.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1987-004-09A%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_und_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/450px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1987-004-09A%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_und_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1987-004-09A%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_und_Adolf_Hitler.jpg/600px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1987-004-09A%2C_Amin_al_Husseini_und_Adolf_Hitler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti of Jerusalem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, 28 November 1941</figcaption></figure> After the projected fall of the Soviet Union, Hitler planned to intensify the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">war in the Mediterranean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995625-240">[237]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">OKW</a> produced studies concerning an attack against the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> through Turkey, an offensive towards Baghdad-Basra from the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> (most of which was already under German occupation as a result of <a href="/wiki/Fall_Blau" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall Blau">Fall Blau</a>) in support of <a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">revolting Arab nationalists</a>, and operations in Afghanistan and <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Iran</a> directed against British India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995631-241">[238]</a> Specially Nazi Germany was planning to foment Islamic uprisings from North Africa to the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> region to ensure the domain of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a>, taking advantage of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Colonialism">anti-Western colonialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Marxism">anti-Marxism</a> and anti-Jewish sentiments among <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a> The Axis plans to support Arab nationalists in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a> were considered a priority after the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer_Directive_No._30" title="Führer Directive No. 30">Führer Directive No. 30</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Protocols" title="Paris Protocols">Paris Protocols</a> was interested to expand the territory (or at least the influence) of <a href="/wiki/French_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French Syria">French Syria-Lebanon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> while Germany was interested in empower <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Pahlavi Iran</a> and transforming <a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Persia</a> in a pro-German client state to counter Soviet and British influence in the region.<a href="#cite_note-:8-244">[241]</a> Hitler did not envision German colonization of the region (unlike the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Reich">2nd Reich</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_for_the_East" title="Intelligence Bureau for the East">Intelligence Bureau for the East</a>), and was most likely to allow Italian dominance at least over the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, South Arabia and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">Bahrain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schwanitz-245">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-weinberg19-246">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995178-247">[244]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Jews of the Middle East</a> were to be murdered, as Hitler had promised to the <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Grand Mufti of Jerusalem</a> in November 1941 (see <a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppe_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Einsatzgruppe Egypt">Einsatzgruppe Egypt</a>).<a href="#cite_note-weinberg19-246">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Asia_Minor">Asia Minor</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Asia Minor">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Turkish_Treaty_of_Friendship" title="German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship">German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_(code_name)" title="Gertrude (code name)">Gertrude (code name)</a></div> Turkey was favored as a potential ally by Hitler because of its important <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">strategic location</a> on the boundaries of Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish Wars">its extensive history</a> as a state hostile to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and the later Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-Rich_Turkey-248">[245]</a> During 1941 and 1942, <a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a> (as <a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Germany–Turkey relations">Ambassador to Turkey</a>) reunited with retired pro-German Turkish generals of WWI (like <a href="/wiki/Nuri_Killigil" title="Nuri Killigil">Nuri Killigil</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Emir_Erkilet" title="Hüseyin Hüsnü Emir Erkilet">Hüseyin Hüsnü Emir Erkilet</a> and <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Fuat_Erden" class="extiw" title="tr:Ali Fuat Erden">Ali Fuad Erden</a>) to negotiate the entry of Turkey in the Axis Powers by pushing on Turkish political affairs, holding parties at the German embassy which should attract leading Turkish politicians, even considering to use "special funds" to bribe Turks into following a pro-Axis line.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a> To assure them that Germany wanted to cooperate with them on a long-range basis, the Turks were guaranteed an equal status in the German-dominated order, and were promised a <a href="/wiki/Misak-%C4%B1_Mill%C3%AE" title="Misak-ı Millî">number of territories which they might desire</a> for reasons of security. These encompassed <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> (Adrianople) and an expansion of Turkish frontiers at the expense of Greece, the creation of <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer states</a> in the Caucasus under Turkish <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">influence</a>, a revision of the Turkish-Syrian frontier (the <a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Railway">Baghdad Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Aleppo" title="State of Aleppo">State of Aleppo</a>) and the Turkish-Iraqi frontier (the <a href="/wiki/Mosul_vilayet" title="Mosul vilayet">Mosul region</a>), as well as a settlement of "the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a> question" to provide Turkey with suitable protection against encroachments from Italy.<a href="#cite_note-Rich_Turkey-248">[245]</a> The Black Sea (which Hitler derided as "a mere frog-pond")<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] was also to be conceded to Turkey as part of its sphere of influence, for this would negate the need of stationing a German navy in the region to replace the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Black_Sea_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Black Sea Fleet">Soviet Black Sea Fleet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rich_Turkey-248">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> (tentatively dubbed Gotenland by the Nazis) was nevertheless to be fortified to ensure permanent German possession of the peninsula, and the Black Sea exploited as an "unlimited" resource of seafood.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a> However, according to documents found in the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories</a>, Nazis saw <a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">pan-Turkism</a> as a threat to the control of Asia between Aryans against Non Aryans (like Turkic peoples), and there were plans, like <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_(code_name)" title="Gertrude (code name)">Gertrude operations</a>, that considered the split of Turkey (between Bulgaria, Greece, Vichy France, Iraq and the proposed puppet states of Great Armenia and Georgia) if they did not cooperate with the Axis new order and their goals of control <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and support to the <a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraqi coup d'etat</a>. Turkey would be reduced to a similar territory like in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> in that consequence of events if Turkey wents against the <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Turkish_Treaty_of_Friendship" title="German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship">German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship</a> or even joined the Allies.<a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a> Also, some Nazi leaders were convinced of the necessity of restoring <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> as an independent country (with German protection) against the menace of the Soviet Union, so the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Legion" title="Armenian Legion">Armenian Legion</a> being promised the restoration of <a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">Greater Armenia</a>. This project could have been a balancing idea against Turkish aspirations in the Caucasus about an unification with <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> under the name of "Büyük Turan" [Great <a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a>], which would pose a threat to Germany and their aspirations.<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> However, Hitler did not trust to Armenian aspirations, considering as very risky the formation of purely Caucasian battalions or making these kinds of promises to the <a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a>, preferring instead to support Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> Beside, Franz Von Papen menaced Turkey to send them economic sanctions and disarm the country if they weren't collaborative with the New Order,<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> while supporting at the same time the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian Thrace">Bulgarian claims to Thrace</a> and the possibility of an Axis destruction of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">Izmir</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bombardment" title="Bombardment">Bombardments</a>, which ended in the <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Turkish_Treaty_of_Friendship" title="German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship">German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:23-258">[255]</a> Also make efforts to place Turkey in the German economic sphere of influence instead of the Italian one.<a href="#cite_note-:23-258">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Levant_and_Mesopotamia">The Levant and Mesopotamia</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: The Levant and Mesopotamia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer_Directive_No._30" title="Führer Directive No. 30">Führer Directive No. 30</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Grobba" title="Fritz Grobba">Fritz Grobba</a></div> Ironically, although having an antisemitic position, and with the main goal to make Germany <a href="/wiki/Judenrein" class="mw-redirect" title="Judenrein">judenrein</a> (free of Jews), Hitler initially was not opposed to establish a Jewish state in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> and even supported <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Haavara_Agreement" title="Haavara Agreement">Haavara Agreement</a> until Invasion of Poland, considering to locate the Jews there as a lesser evil solution to the Jewish question, being preferable to expel them rather than having <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Europe">Jews in Europe</a> and still being vulnerable to their influence (like in the <a href="/wiki/1933_anti-Nazi_boycott" title="1933 anti-Nazi boycott">1933 anti-Nazi boycott</a>), while also was economically easier to instigate <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">voluntary emigration</a> than spend resources in persecute, exile or <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">killing them</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nicosia_2000-259">[256]</a> In a large-scale, Nazis like <a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Mildenstein" title="Leopold von Mildenstein">Leopold von Mildenstein</a> believed that foreign diplomatic policy and containment of the Jews would become simpler if they were concentrated in a specific territory rather than a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">dyaspora</a>, while also avoiding the menace of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_assimilation" title="Jewish assimilation">Jewish assimilation</a> in the German nation.<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> Moreover, Fascist Italy, having the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> in their sphere of influence in the New Order, was interested in bringing support to <a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist Zionism</a>, specially those <a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a> factions, like former <a href="/wiki/Brit_HaBirionim" title="Brit HaBirionim">Brit HaBirionim</a> or the actives <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, that wanted to develop a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_fascism" title="Jewish fascism">Jewish fascism</a> and were admirers of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> (some of them, like <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a> or <a href="/wiki/Abba_Ahimeir" title="Abba Ahimeir">Abba Ahimeir</a>, believed that Italian Empire would be their only ally against the oppression on British Palestine).<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> However, due to the lentitude of the jewish migrations into Palestine, and also the radicalization of anti-Jewish sentiment during the war, there was a change of plans and now Nazi Germany develop an Anti-Zionist foreign policy based on the worries about the dangers of a strong Jewish state in the Middle East that could be a pro-Allies and a potential menace for a Nazi global geopolitic after winning the war, so now the <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a> was preferred to support, specially after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy</a> (as now the Middle East would have to be completely dominated by Germany without sharing it with other European Powers), being favorable to bring concessions to <a href="/wiki/Anti-colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-colonial">Anti-colonial</a> movements that were not only anti-European, but also anti-Jewish.<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> After the Nazis adopted the <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a> and radicalized its antisemitism, Axis Powers developed an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionist</a> foreign policy and started to support <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a>. So, Nazi Germany preferred to support <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Party" title="Palestine Arab Party">Palestine Arab Party</a>, planning to establish <a href="/wiki/Al-Husayni_family" title="Al-Husayni family">Al-Husayni family</a> in the government of a pro-Axis puppet Palestine. After Fascist Italy (which had Eastern Mediterranean in their Sphere of Influence) and Vichy France defeat, Nazi Germany intensify its support to anti-colonial movements among <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a>, developing in 1944 the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atlas" title="Operation Atlas">Operation Atlas</a> to instigate an Islamic insurgency in <a href="/wiki/British_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="British Palestine">British Palestine</a>, trying to devastate Allied forces of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a> there while also sabotage the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</a>, in the long-term the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Germans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian Germans (page does not exist)">Palestinian Germans</a> would supervise the operations to check Muslims' loyalty due to possible conflicts of loyalty among <a href="/wiki/Arab_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab tribe">Arab tribes</a> (while also had a strong control of the German interests in the region).<a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Plans_for_Arabian_Peninsula">Plans for Arabian Peninsula</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Plans for Arabian Peninsula">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Relations_between_Nazi_Germany_and_the_Arab_world" title="Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world">Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_Arabian_Legion" title="Free Arabian Legion">Free Arabian Legion</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Third_Saudi_State" title="Third Saudi State">Third Saudi State</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</a> was seen as a natural ally, and was to be given territorial concessions in south-west <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995591-266">[263]</a> Also, a post-war satellite <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Greater Arab Union</a> was discussed.<a href="#cite_note-schwanitz-245">[242]</a> Although initially intending to concede Italy control of the region (<a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aden_Colony" title="Aden Colony">Aden</a>) with the condition that German companies should be able to successfully exploit raw materials and having numerous cities on the coast as military bases against Anglo-American,<a href="#cite_note-:6-179">[176]</a> after that country <a href="/wiki/Italian_armistice" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian armistice">had defected</a> to the Allied camp in 1943, Hitler came to regard the Islamic countries and the pan-Arab movement increasingly more as the natural ally of Nazi Germany, as opposed to the "treacherous" Italians.<a href="#cite_note-last_will_and_testament-267">[264]</a> On 17 February 1945 in particular he explained to his entourage his regrets that Germany's <a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Steel" title="Pact of Steel">prior alliance</a> with its southern neighbor had prevented her from pursuing a more revolutionary policy towards the Arab world, which would have also allowed its exit from the British and French spheres of influence in the area:<a href="#cite_note-last_will_and_testament-267">[264]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In the nature of things, this territory was becoming an Italian preserve and it was as such that <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">the Duce</a> laid claim to it. Had we been on our own, we could have emancipated the Moslem countries dominated by France; and that would have had enormous repercussions in the Near East, dominated by Britain, and in Egypt. But with our fortunes linked to those of the Italians, the pursuit of such a policy was not possible. All Islam vibrated at the news of our victories. The Egyptians, the Iraqis and the whole of the Near East were all ready to rise in revolt. Just think what we could have done to help them, even to incite them, as would have been both our duty and in our own interest! But the presence of the Italians at our side paralyzed us; it created a feeling of malaise among our Islamic friends, who inevitably saw in us accomplices, willing or unwilling, of their oppressors.</blockquote> Despite this, Hitler saw Arab support as a mere asset for his plans of conquest. He "wanted nothing from the Arabs"<a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a> and found genuine cooperation between Aryans and Arabs to be implausible due to the latter's racial inferiority:<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Exploitation of the Arab Freedom Movement. The situation of the English in the Middle East will be rendered more precarious, in the event of major German operations, if more British forces are tied down at the right moment by civil commotion or revolt. All military, political, and propaganda measures to this end must be closely coordinated during the preparatory period. As central agency abroad I nominate Special Staff F, which is to take part in all plans and actions in the Arab area, whose headquarters are to be in the area of the Commander Armed Forces South-east. The most competent available experts and agents will be made available to it. The Chief of the High Command of the Armed Forces will specify the duties of Special Staff F, in agreement with the Foreign Minister where political questions are involved.<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Persian_Sphere">Persian Sphere</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Persian Sphere">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_maximum_extent_of_the_Safavid_Empire_under_Shah_Abbas_I.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_maximum_extent_of_the_Safavid_Empire_under_Shah_Abbas_I.png/300px-The_maximum_extent_of_the_Safavid_Empire_under_Shah_Abbas_I.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_maximum_extent_of_the_Safavid_Empire_under_Shah_Abbas_I.png/450px-The_maximum_extent_of_the_Safavid_Empire_under_Shah_Abbas_I.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/The_maximum_extent_of_the_Safavid_Empire_under_Shah_Abbas_I.png/600px-The_maximum_extent_of_the_Safavid_Empire_under_Shah_Abbas_I.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Persian imperial aspirations by <a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationalism" title="Iranian nationalism">Iranian nationalists</a>. These "Aryan" expansionist goals were considered justified and supported by the Nazi plans of New Order.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Allied-occupied Iran</a> was to be drawn into the Axis camp, possibly by the means of an uprising.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995631-241">[238]</a> The possibility of Iran as an anti-Soviet bastion was already considered in the 1930s, and coincided with Hitler's declaration of Iran as an "<a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan</a> country" (the name Iran literally means "homeland of the Aryans" in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>). The changing of Persia's name to Iran in 1935 was done by the Shah at the suggestion of the German ambassador to Iran as an act of "Aryan solidarity".<a href="#cite_note-Iran-271">[268]</a> However the Iranians had always called their country "Iran", a name that predated the rise of Nazi Germany by more than a thousand years.<a href="#cite_note-iranetymology-272">[269]</a> In 1936, the Hitler cabinet declared Iranians to be immune to the Nuremberg Laws, as they were considered to be "pure Aryans".<a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a> On the eve of World War II Germany was already Iran's single-biggest trading partner, followed by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Iran-271">[268]</a> In 1939, Nazi Germany sent over 7500 books with racial tones advocating for greater collaboration between Persians and Germans. The German Scientific Library contained over 7500 books selected "to convince Iranian readers... of the kinship between the National Socialist Reich and the Aryan culture of Iran".<a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a> In the new order, Nazi Germany considered that Iran should have its own empire like the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a>, and by so offered <a href="/wiki/British_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="British Iraq">British Iraq</a> to be part of Iranian sphere of influence, and suggested that Iran should annex territory until the <a href="/wiki/Karbala_Governorate" title="Karbala Governorate">Karbala Governorate</a>, promising that Iranians needed to have the <a href="/wiki/Imam_Husayn_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Husayn Shrine">Imam Husayn Shrine</a> (the largest Shi'ite sanctuary) on its <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:3-275">[272]</a> even Hitler personally promised that, after the defeat of Soviet Union, he would return all of the Persian land taken by Russians (during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a> of the 19th and 20th centuries). Also, the economic plans of <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a> for the global outreach of the Nazi economy coincided with the nationalist desires of Reza Shah's Iran for industrial modernization, investing a lot of capital for Iranian infrastructure. Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey were planned to be part of a "northern tier" of <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer states</a>, against the Soviet global menace, in which economic interests of each country were of primary importance, instead of only German interests.<a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a> The Aryan sense of friendship also assisted in political rapprochement between Iran and Germany,<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a> and the nazi leaders viewed Iran as unique society with ample parallels between them and Germans (making analogies that Iran, as an isolate <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ite</a> country with its own peculiarities, is similar to the Nazi conception of the story about Germany as an isolate <a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christian</a> country with its own peculiarities).<a href="#cite_note-:3-275">[272]</a> Also, Hitler personally respected <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Shah</a> as an admirable leader, whose anti-liberal and anti-socialist ideals were in accordance with the fascist beliefs of a <a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a> against British capitalists and Soviet communists (and also have admiration for the establishment of Iranian well-organized police apparatuses to silence the <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a> opposition to the Monarchy), while also Nazi propaganda, through broadcasters like Berliner Rundfunk, make use of the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a> to spreach pro-Axis ideologies, stating that there was a kinship between <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> with the "<a href="/wiki/Germanic_god" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic god">Germanic God</a>", or that Hitler was considering to convert to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> or even that he was the precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Reappearance_of_Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi">twelfth hidden Imam</a> that will make a new order of peace and prosperity in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a> (the Nazi desired that the iranian popular classes received the message that Iranian social problems would be solved through the global leadership of Germany), however the Iranian clergy and government didn't receive well the <a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religious aspects of Nazism</a> (being considered <a href="/wiki/Zandaqa" title="Zandaqa">heresy</a>) and persecuted them, while also were skeptical of German suggestions to implement reforms in the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran" title="Pahlavi Iran">Pahlavi Monarchy</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Fascist_ideologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist ideologies">Fascist ideologies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-275">[272]</a> However, most of the Iranian leaders had interests in the Axis projects of a New Order (Iran even supported the initial expansionism campaigns like <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss over Austria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a>), as they attempted to develop a strong monarchy that would be capable of releasing themselves from British and Russian spheres of influence that had shaped the nation throughout the Global Order of the <a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a> era, and by so doing the Iranian nationalists expected a larger role for Iran in the World in case of German victory, with the main goal of the restoration of a Persian Empire that honoured the grandiosity of its <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire_(dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire (dynasty)">imperial past</a> (which was also acceptable by Germans, according to a note of 1938 from the <a href="/wiki/German_foreign_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="German foreign ministry">German foreign ministry</a> that considered a strong independent Iran as favourable for German global plans).<a href="#cite_note-:3-275">[272]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"The interests of Nazi Germany are best preserved through a free, independent, militarily strong Iran that is intimately connected to Germany through political and economic collaborations."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>German Ambassador in Tehran, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Ettel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Ettel (page does not exist)">Erwin Ettel</a></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg/290px-Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg/435px-Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg/580px-Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a>. Nazi German leadership wanted to establish a pro-Axis Pashtun puppet state to secure its dominance over Afghanistan (as the country was a passage territory to invade <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> and seizure the control of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>).</figcaption></figure> Also, according to <a href="/wiki/Operation_Orient" title="Operation Orient">Operation Orient</a>, Germans wanted to march through Iran and Iraq in force, finally converging in India. The nazi geopolitcal concerning Persians (Iran and Afghanistan) had the goal to have a strong ally in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, being a strategic contact point to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern civilization">Eastern civilization</a> and believing to had an "<a href="/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan">Aryan</a> Brotberhood" with Germans. During pre-war diplomatic maneuvers, the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP_Office_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs">NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs</a> took special interest in Afghanistan, believing that the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> had failed to exploit the country diplomatically during the First World War despite the <a href="/wiki/Niedermayer%E2%80%93Hentig_Expedition" title="Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition">Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995162-279">[276]</a> The objective was to ensure that the country would remain neutral during a possible German-British conflict and even use it militarily against British India or Soviet Russia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995162-279">[276]</a> After the German-French armistice of 1940, the Kabul government tried to question Berlin on German plans concerning the future of Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995164-280">[277]</a> Of special interest were the post-war borders of the country – the Afghan government hoped to see the re-incorporation of 15 million ethnic Pashtuns which had been placed in British India thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a>, and the securing of the northern Indian border so that an expansion towards the Indian Ocean became possible (see <a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995164-280">[277]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks" title="German–Soviet Axis talks">German–Soviet Axis talks</a> of October–November were then underway (in which the possible expansion of the Soviet sphere of influence in south-central Asia, from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Turkey">Eastern Turkey</a> to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, was on the table), Berlin was reluctant to give any binding offers to Kabul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995165-281">[278]</a> However, after the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of Soviet Union">Axis invasion of Soviet Union</a>, the Nazi geopolitics changed and now Afghanistan was a strategical territory to be in the German Sphere of influence in the New Order (as the main goal was that, after <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>'s conquests of <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a>, Germans would had to inherit the former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Central Asia">Russian Central Asia</a> and also the rivalry with the British from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a>). So, <a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a> agents, like <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Oberd%C3%B6rffer" title="Manfred Oberdörffer">Manfred Oberdörffer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hermann_Brandt" title="Fred Hermann Brandt">Fred Hermann Brandt</a> (with Italian help, like the agents <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Crescini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Crescini (page does not exist)">Adolf Crescini</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Quaroni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Quaroni (page does not exist)">Pietro Quaroni</a>), had the mission to instigate a <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> rebellion against British India on the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Pakistani Side</a>, and then form a pro-Axis <a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a> state, developing it in June 1941 by <a href="/wiki/Erwin_von_Lahousen" title="Erwin von Lahousen">Erwin von Lahousen</a>, with the condename <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Операция «Пожиратель огня»">Operation Fire Eater</a>, in which was considered to give in the future the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Pashtun Tribal Areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waziristan" title="Waziristan">Waziristan</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom of Afghanistan</a> (only if they were cooperative, if not, using <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_nationalism" title="Pashtun nationalism">Pashtun nationalists</a> against Afghans, Soviets, British and Indians).<a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a> But, due to <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Операция «Пожиратель огня»">Operation Fire Eater</a> being discovered by the Afghan government in July 1941 (arresting some key figures of the Abwehr), the German planifications concerning Central Asia were renewed in the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Операция «Тигр»">Operation Tiger</a>, which now had direct participation of the <a href="/wiki/German_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="German Foreign Ministry">German Foreign Ministry</a> in a recently developed sub-section specifically for the Nazi interests in India (entrusted that subsection to <a href="/wiki/Adam_von_Trott_zu_Solz" title="Adam von Trott zu Solz">Adam von Trott zu Solz</a>, and supervised by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keppler" title="Wilhelm Keppler">Wilhelm Keppler</a>) while also included the participation of perceived pro-Axis <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalists</a> agents of <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ram_Talwar" title="Bhagat Ram Talwar">Bhagat Ram Talwar</a> (who actually was a spy of the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a>, in contact with the head of the Soviet foreign intelligence station, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Аллахвердов, Михаил Андреевич">Mikhail Andreevich Allahverdov</a>). The new objectives were lesser about intervention in Afghan intern politic, trying to avoid provocations against their government, and more about to develop a German intelligence network for the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> in South Asia (naming it "Kirti Group") to instigate Anti-British revolts between the Pashtuns (specially among the <a href="/wiki/Mohmand" title="Mohmand">Mohmand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afridi" title="Afridi">Afridi</a>), like the <a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)">1939 Waziristan campaign</a>, with long-term plans to create a pro-Axis Pashtun state in <a href="/wiki/Waziristan" title="Waziristan">Waziristan</a>, waiting for an intervention by Germany after a hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus" title="Battle of the Caucasus">conquest of the Caucasus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a> However, also Nazi Germany wanted to overthrow the neutral Afghan government first, menacing them to start a Civil War or <a href="/wiki/Balkanization" title="Balkanization">Balkanizate</a> Afghan state between Iran, a puppet Indian state and a residual Pashtun state, if they were reluctant to co-operation. So, despite the NSDAP Foreign Office's good relations with the Afghan government, the Foreign Ministry under Ribbentrop favored overthrowing the current government under <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Zahir_Shah" title="Mohammad Zahir Shah">Mohammad Zahir Shah</a> and restoration of the rule of <a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a>, who had been living in exile since 1929.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995163-284">[281]</a> Hitler eventually came to support Rosenberg's office on this issue,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995163-284">[281]</a> and so started the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:План операции «Аманулла»">Operation Amanullah</a> in 1942, in which the <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%91%D1%80%D1%8B_(%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80)" class="extiw" title="ru:Мародёры (Абвер)">Abwehr in Afghanistan</a> had the mission to instigate a pro-Axis <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> insurrection in Central Asia (inspired in the <a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Basmachi movement</a>),[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] waiting for a German invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (through Soviet occupied territory of the planned <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Turkestan" title="Reichskommissariat Turkestan">Reichskommissariat Turkestan</a>) to form an Afghan puppet state headed by <a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a>, preparing the conditions for the main goal of invade British India after an hyphotetical Soviet Union total collapse in <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[282]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">"the Turks can achieve independence only with the assistance of the Axis countries, and therefore turkestanis consider themselves their soldiers and are ready to fulfill any task"<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>K. Rasmus</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Plans_for_Turkestan">Plans for Turkestan</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Plans for Turkestan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Legion" title="Turkestan Legion">Turkestan Legion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Turkestan" title="Reichskommissariat Turkestan">Reichskommissariat Turkestan</a></div> Nazi orientalists like <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a> conceived that <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> were a natural extension of <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a> and that <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a> should be included in the <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a>. However Hitler preferred to just conquer the Lebensraum in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, leaving Central Asia as a mere military march, serving as a set of nomadic <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">Buffer states</a> (opposing to a <a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkist</a> state and <a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanist</a> movements) for the German Reich against the remnants of Soviets and British Empires. Some Pan-Turkist and Turanist collaborators ,like <a href="/wiki/Nuri_Killigil" title="Nuri Killigil">Nuri Killigil</a> or <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCseyin_H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Emir_Erkilet" title="Hüseyin Hüsnü Emir Erkilet">Hüseyin Hüsnü Emir Erkilet</a>, attempted to instigate a Tukic insurrection against Stalin, but Nazis rejected those plans as they didn't want to have an unified <a href="/wiki/Turkic_Kaganate" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic Kaganate">Turkic Kaganate</a> as a pro-Axis puppet state.<a href="#cite_note-286">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_Indian_Subcontinent">Plans for Indian Subcontinent</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Plans for Indian Subcontinent">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indische_Legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Indische Legion">Indische Legion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battaglione_Azad_Hindoustan" title="Battaglione Azad Hindoustan">Battaglione Azad Hindoustan</a></div> Hitler's views on India were generally disparaging, and his plans for the region were heavily influenced by his racial views, especially related to India's subdued status under British rule.<a href="#cite_note-Goodrick-Clarke-287">[284]</a> Though many <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalists</a> looked to Nazi Germany as a potential ally in their struggle against <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial rule</a>, Hitler "made no secret of his contempt for <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anticolonial movements</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Goodrick-Clarke-287">[284]</a> In May 1930, Hitler wrote that the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> was carried out by the "lower Indian race against the superior English <a href="/wiki/Nordic_race" title="Nordic race">Nordic race</a>", and referred to <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a> involved in the struggle as "Asiatic jugglers".<a href="#cite_note-ghose-288">[285]</a> Seven years later in 1937, Hitler informed <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs">British Foreign Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Lord Halifax</a> that the British should "shoot <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a>, and if this doesn't suffice to reduce them to submission, shoot a dozen leading members of <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">the Congress</a>, and if that doesn't suffice shoot 200, and so on, as you make it clear that you mean business."<a href="#cite_note-ghose-288">[285]</a> During the same discussion Hitler reportedly told Halifax that one of his favorite films was <a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_a_Bengal_Lancer_(film)" title="The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (film)">The Lives of a Bengal Lancer</a>, because it depicted a handful of "superior race" Britons holding sway over the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> Nazi theorist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a>, who shared Hitler's racial and political views on India, claimed that although <a href="/wiki/Vedic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic culture">Vedic culture</a> was Aryan in origin, any Nordic blood in India had long since dissipated due to racial miscegenation.<a href="#cite_note-Goodrick-Clarke-287">[284]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asit_Krishna_Mukherji" title="Asit Krishna Mukherji">Asit Krishna Mukherji</a>, with support of the German consulate, published The New Mercury, a Nazi magazine and was lauded by Baron von Selzam in a "communiqué to all German legations in the Far East that no one had rendered services to the Third Reich in Asia comparable to those of Sir Asit Krishna Mukherji's."<a href="#cite_note-Goodrick-Clarke-287">[284]</a> <a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Savitri Devi</a>, who would later marry him, shared his beliefs "in the pan Aryan revival of India", as well as in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a>, and once World War II started, both "undertook clandestine war work on behalf of the Axis powers in Calcutta."<a href="#cite_note-Goodrick-Clarke-287">[284]</a> During the first years of the war in Europe, as Hitler sought to reach an arrangement with the British, he held the notion that India should remain under British control after the war, as in his mind the only alternative was a Soviet occupation of the subcontinent.<a href="#cite_note-Goodrick-Clarke-287">[284]</a> As the British had rejected German peace offers, Nazi Germany opted firstly for <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Axis_talks" title="German–Soviet Axis talks">talks with the Soviets to join them in the Axis</a> and proposed to give <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and the Indian Ocean to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_sphere_of_influence" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet sphere of influence">Soviet Sphere of Influence</a> (trying to push away the Soviets from Europpean affairs) and develop a Eurasian Kontinentalblock against the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> (which provocated that the British Staff in India proposed in May 1940 the "Plan A" for the defense of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> against a Soviet invasion through a pro-Axis Afghanistan) in which <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a> was proposed by Afghans to be the new frontier with a liberated India.<a href="#cite_note-stone-290">[287]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of Soviet Union">German invasion of Soviet Union</a>, Hitler ordered on 17 February 1941 to prepare a military study for a post-Barbarossa operation in Afghanistan against India. The goal of this operation was not so much to conquer the subcontinent, but to threaten British military positions there to force the British to come to terms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995625-240">[237]</a> A week later the Afghanistan operation was the subject of a discussion between head of the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres" title="Oberkommando des Heeres">Army General Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Halder" title="Franz Halder">Franz Halder</a>, Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres <a href="/wiki/Walter_von_Brauchitsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter von Brauchitsch">Walter von Brauchitsch</a> and chief of the Operationsabteilung OKH <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Heusinger" title="Adolf Heusinger">Adolf Heusinger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kuhlman78-291">[288]</a> In an assessment produced on 7 April 1941, Halder estimated that the operation would require 17 divisions and one separate regiment.<a href="#cite_note-kuhlman78-291">[288]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Special_Bureau_for_India" title="Special Bureau for India">Special Bureau for India</a> was created with these goals in mind.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Indian revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a> escaped from India on 17 January 1941 and arrived in Berlin via Moscow. There he proposed organizing an Indian national <a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a> and urged the Axis to declare their support for the Indian cause.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995607-292">[289]</a> He eventually managed to extract such promises from Japan after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">fall of Singapore</a> and later on from Italy as well, but the Germans refused.<a href="#cite_note-ghose-288">[285]</a> Bose was granted an audience with <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, but Hitler initially refused to see him, although he did acquire access to <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> after much difficulty.<a href="#cite_note-ghose-288">[285]</a> The German Foreign Ministry was skeptical of any such endeavors, as the German goal was to use Bose for propaganda and subversive activity, especially following the model of the 1941 pro-Axis coup in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995608-293">[290]</a> These propaganda measures included anti-Raj radio broadcasts and the recruitment of Indian prisoners of war for the "<a href="/wiki/Free_India_Legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Free India Legion">Free India Legion</a>".<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a> Bose eventually met with Hitler on 29 May 1942.<a href="#cite_note-gertz65-295">[292]</a> During the discussion, which mostly consisted of Hitler monologing to Bose,<a href="#cite_note-ghose-288">[285]</a> Hitler expressed his skepticism for India's readiness for a rebellion against the Raj, and his fears of a Soviet takeover of India.<a href="#cite_note-gertz65-295">[292]</a> He stated that if Germany had to do anything about India it would first have to conquer Russia, for the road to India could only be accomplished through that country,<a href="#cite_note-ghose-288">[285]</a> although he did promise to financially support Bose and help relocate him to the Far East.<a href="#cite_note-gertz65-295">[292]</a> Bose later described the encounter by stating that it was impossible to get Hitler involved in any serious political discussion.<a href="#cite_note-ghose-288">[285]</a> On 18 January 1942, it was decided that the Indian subcontinent was to be divided between the Axis powers. Germany was to take the part of British India roughly corresponding to the western part of modern-day Pakistan, while the rest of British India, along with Afghanistan, was marked for Japan.<a href="#cite_note-Osborne2001-296">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plans_for_America">Plans for America</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Plans for America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_North_America">Plans for North America</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Plans for North America">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)#German_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">American Theater (World War II) § German operations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerikabomber" title="Amerikabomber">Amerikabomber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consequences_of_the_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor">Consequences of the attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zweites_Buch" class="mw-redirect" title="Zweites Buch">Zweites Buch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/If_Day" title="If Day">If Day</a></div> Before completing the expected German conquest of Europe, the Nazi leadership hoped to keep the United States out of the war.<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> in the spring of 1941, Hitler stated that a German invasion of the Western Hemisphere was as fantastic as an invasion of the moon, and he said he was convinced that the idea was being promoted by men who mistakenly thought that war would be good for business.<a href="#cite_note-299">[296]</a> U.S. pro-Nazi movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_New_Germany" title="Friends of New Germany">Friends of the New Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German-American_Bund" class="mw-redirect" title="German-American Bund">German-American Bund</a> played no role in Hitler's plans for the country, and received no financial or verbal support from Germany after 1935.<a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a> However, certain <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> advocate groups, such as the fascist-leaning <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Federation" title="American Indian Federation">American Indian Federation</a>, were to be used to undermine the Roosevelt administration from within by means of propaganda.<a href="#cite_note-franco-301">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[299]</a> Fictitious reports about Berlin declaring the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> as Aryans were circulated by the German-American Bund with the aim of increasing tensions between Native Americans and the government of the United States, impelling Native Americans to resist being drafted or registered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Nazi propagandists went as far as declaring that Germany would return expropriated land to the Indians or even create a Native American independent country like <a href="/wiki/Tecumseh%27s_confederacy" title="Tecumseh's confederacy">Tecumseh's confederacy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indian_barrier_state" title="Indian barrier state">Indian barrier state</a> plans, while <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a> predicted they possessed little loyalty to America and would rather rebel than to fight against Germany; such rumors were reported by <a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(sociologist)" title="John Collier (sociologist)">John Collier</a>, commissioner of Indian Affairs, to the Congress as true, thus not merely spreading them further but also legitimating them in the eyes of many.<a href="#cite_note-303">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-305">[302]</a> As a boy, Hitler had been an enthusiastic reader of <a href="/wiki/Karl_May" title="Karl May">Karl May</a> westerns<a href="#cite_note-Hitler,_Adolf_Mein_Kampf-13">[12]</a> and he told <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> that he still turned to them for inspiration as an adult when he was in a tight spot.<a href="#cite_note-306">[303]</a> The influence of Karl May's writing in Hitler Youth and German society generated the belief that native people somehow possessed a <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Aryan" title="Honorary Aryan">quasi-Aryan nature</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">Volk</a> (however, they were still <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a>).<a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a> Nazis pragmatically utilized popular tropes of Indian imagery (<a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_German_popular_culture#"Indianthusiasm"_(Indianertümelei),_hobbyists_and_politics" title="Native Americans in German popular culture">Indianthusiasm</a>) to use against the US.<a href="#cite_note-308">[305]</a> Also, in the late 1930s, Nazis even attempted to enlist American Indian support, mostly from Sioux and Lakota peoples, for Nazi Germany,<a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a> The Nazis had hoped to incite an uprising by the "hemispheric Indian" against their brutal treatment, creating allies and instability to undermine American arguments for the moral superiority of democracy.<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> Approximately nine months before the United States joined the Allies, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> made a reference to the New Order in a speech he gave on March 15, 1941, recognizing Hitler's hostility towards the United States and the destructive potential it represented, about which Roosevelt was quite acutely aware: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">...Nazi forces are not seeking mere modifications in colonial maps or in minor European boundaries. They openly seek the destruction of all <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">elective systems of government</a> on every continent, including our own. They seek to establish systems of government based on the regimentation of all human beings by a handful of individual rulers who seize power by force. Yes, these men and their hypnotized followers call this a "New Order." It is not new, and it is not order. For order among nations presupposes something enduring, some system of justice under which individuals over a long period of time are willing to live. Humanity will never permanently accept a system imposed by conquest, and based on slavery. These modern tyrants find it necessary to their plans to eliminate all democracies—eliminate them one by one. The nations of Europe, and indeed we, ourselves, did not appreciate that purpose. We do now.<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a></blockquote> Hitler held U.S. society in contempt, stating that the United States (which he consistently referred to as the "American Union") was "half Judaized, and the other half Negrified"<a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] and that "in so far as there are any decent people in America, they are all of <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German origin</a>".<a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Already in his 1928 book <a href="/wiki/Zweites_Buch" class="mw-redirect" title="Zweites Buch">Zweites Buch</a>, he had maintained that Nazi Germany must prepare for the ultimate struggle against the U.S. for hegemony.<a href="#cite_note-314">[311]</a> In mid-late 1941, as Hitler became overconfident of an Axis victory in Europe against the UK and the Soviet Union, he began planning <a href="/wiki/Plan_Z" title="Plan Z">an enormous extension</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a>, projected to include 25 battleships, 8 aircraft carriers, 50 cruisers, 400 submarines and 150 destroyers, far exceeding the naval expansion that had already been decided on in 1939's <a href="/wiki/Plan_Z" title="Plan Z">Plan Z</a>.<a href="#cite_note-weinberg16-315">[312]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_L._Weinberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerhard L. Weinberg">Gerhard L. Weinberg</a> stated that this super-fleet was intended against the Western Hemisphere.<a href="#cite_note-weinberg16-315">[312]</a> Hitler also considered the occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Azores" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Azores">Portuguese Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Spanish Canary Islands</a> to deny the British a staging ground for military actions against <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">Nazi-controlled Europe</a>, and also to gain Atlantic naval bases and military airfields for operations against North America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995211-316">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-hildberand-317">[314]</a> Hitler desired to use the islands to "deploy long-range bombers against American cities from the Azores", via a plan that actually arrived on <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Aviation_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany)">RLM</a> office desks in the spring of 1942 for <a href="/wiki/Amerikabomber" title="Amerikabomber">the design competition</a> concerning such an aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-318">[315]</a> Due to their location of those Spanish and Portuguese islands in the Atlantic, Hitler seemed to think that a Luftwaffe airbase located on the Portuguese Azores islands were Germany's "only possibility of carrying out aerial attacks from a land base against the United States", in a period about a year before the May 1942 emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika Bomber">Amerika Bomber</a> trans-oceanic range strategic bomber design competition.<a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a> In July 1941, Hitler approached Japanese ambassador Ōshima with an offer to wage a joint struggle against the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995632-320">[317]</a>—Japan's own <a href="/wiki/Project_Z_(bomber_project)" title="Project Z (bomber project)">Project Z</a> aircraft design program was one possible manner in which such a goal could be accomplished, all during the timeframe that the <a href="/wiki/USAAC" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAC">USAAC</a> had itself, on April 11, 1941, first proposed a competition for airframe designs for the same sort of missions against the Axis forces, the <a href="/wiki/Northrop_XB-35" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop XB-35">Northrop XB-35</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Convair_B-36" class="mw-redirect" title="Convair B-36">Convair B-36</a>, flying directly from North American soil to attack Nazi Germany.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In this final battle for world domination, Hitler expected the defeated British to eventually support the Axis forces with <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">its large navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hildberand-317">[314]</a> He stated that "England and America will one day have a war with one another, which will be waged with the greatest hatred imaginable. One of the two countries will have to disappear."<a href="#cite_note-321">[318]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] and "I shall no longer be there to see it, but I rejoice on behalf of the German people at the idea that one day we will see England and Germany marching together against America".<a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] The actual physical conquest of the United States was unlikely, however,<a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a> and the future disposition of U.S. territories remained cloudy in Hitler's mind.<a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a> He perceived the anticipated battle with that country, at least under his own rule, to be a sort of "battle of the continents"—possibly along the lines of then-contemporary U.S. thought, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Nazis_Strike#Heartland_Theory" title="The Nazis Strike">the opening text from the second film</a> in Frank Capra's <a href="/wiki/Why_We_Fight" title="Why We Fight">Why We Fight</a> series, illustrating one U.S. viewpoint of what Hitler could have thought on such matters while viewing the crowds at the 1934 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg rally">Nuremberg rally</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a>—with a Nazi-dominated Old World fighting for global dominance against the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, in which Germany would attain leadership of the world rather than establish direct control over it.<a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> Further decisions down the line were left up to future generations of German rulers. <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> featured fairly little in Nazi conceptions of the post-war world. Because Hitler's political objectives were primarily focused on Eastern Europe before and during the war—in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Zweites_Buch#Zweites_Buch_and_Mein_Kampf" class="mw-redirect" title="Zweites Buch">his own opinions towards the United States</a> from 1928 in his unpublished volume, Zweites Buch<a href="#cite_note-327">[324]</a>—Hitler considered the United States a negligible political factor in the world, while Canada interested him even less.<a href="#cite_note-wagner1-328">[325]</a> He politically grouped the country together with the United States in a U.S.-dominated North America, and considered it equally as "materialistic, racially bastardized, and decadent" as its southern neighbor.<a href="#cite_note-wagner1-328">[325]</a> In 1942, when expressing his fear of an imminent collapse of the British Empire which he preferred to remain intact, Hitler believed that the United States would seize and annex Canada at the first opportunity,<a href="#cite_note-329">[326]</a> and that the Canadians would be quick to welcome such a move.<a href="#cite_note-wagner1-328">[325]</a> This lack of policy direction from the top meant that Nazi politicians concerned with representing Germany's interests and relations with Canada had to resort to an improvised line of policy which they believed to be in accordance with Hitler's wishes.<a href="#cite_note-wagner1-328">[325]</a> The country was noted for its abundance of natural resources, and because of its great geographic size coupled with a low population density was characterized as "a country without people", in contrast to Germany which was considered "<a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">a people without space</a>".<a href="#cite_note-wagner1-328">[325]</a> In his 1934 travelogue account of Canada, Zwischen USA und dem Pol (English: Between the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>), German journalist Colin Ross described Canadian society as artificial because it was composed of many different parts that weren't tied together by either blood or long-standing traditions (highlighting the differences between the <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_Canadians" title="English Canadians">English Canadians</a> in particular), and that for this reason one could not speak of either a Canadian nation or <a href="/wiki/Volk" title="Volk">Volk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[327]</a> As a result, the country's political system was also considered mechanical and non-organic, and that Ottawa did not constitute "the heart of the nation". Because of both these factors the Canadians were deemed incapable of comprehending "true culture", and German immigration in Canada was considered a mistake because they would be forced to live in an "empty civilization".<a href="#cite_note-331">[328]</a> Despite Nazi Germany's lack of interest in Canada, <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> was very interested in gaining a hegemony over <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_people" title="Québécois people">Québécois people</a> as a means of developing a sphere of influence in North America that would be comparable to ancient <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>. The main goal was to export the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a> to <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> through a system of propaganda developed in the <a href="/wiki/French_Embassy_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="French Embassy in the United States">French Embassy in the United States</a>, taking advantage of anti-<a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullist</a> sentiments in <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Franco-Canadians</a> (due to the strong influence of <a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a> in their society, seeing <a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a> as a bad representation of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">French political traditions</a>). However, Quebécois people were ambivalent in their opinions about fascism (although there was more sympathy for Vichy France due to its <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> tendencies rather than any desire for an Axis victory) and even the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Canada" title="Catholic Church in Canada">Catholic Church in Quebec</a> (that had a lot of social influence before the <a href="/wiki/Quiet_Revolution" title="Quiet Revolution">Quiet Revolution</a>) tried to purge the most "ardently Vichyist" elements in the society, while at the same time criticizing the <a href="/wiki/French_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="French liberalism">French liberal</a> tendencies of Free France (although <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> had support among the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a> due to distrust of the German invader).<a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[330]</a> In addition, there were some Franco-Canadian fascist <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret societies</a> around the Université de Montréal (<a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hertel" title="François Hertel">François Hertel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Pierre Trudeau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Drapeau" title="Jean Drapeau">Jean Drapeau</a> were members) and with minor contact with Nazi Germany and Vichy France (although it was an initiative of their own) that were planning to start a fascist revolution, based on <a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A8res_chasseurs" title="Frères chasseurs">Frères chasseurs</a>, against the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentarism">parliamentarist</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">party-based</a> <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> with "Jewish" <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">plutocracy</a>, having the main goal to proclaim the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Quebec">independence of Quebec</a> (taking advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1944" title="Conscription Crisis of 1944">Conscription Crisis of 1944</a>) and hoping to get Axis Powers help in the future in case the Allies, or at least the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> from UK, intervened to restore <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Canadians" title="British Canadians">British Canadian</a> supremacy.<a href="#cite_note-334">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_Central_America_and_Caribbean">Plans for Central America and Caribbean</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Plans for Central America and Caribbean">edit</a>]</div> Both, Nazi German (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Pelikan" title="Operation Pelikan">Operation Pelikan</a>) and Japanese empire had plans to conquer <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. However, there wasn't much planification from the German side for the administration of an occupied <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, nor plans for <a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(political_science)" title="Social engineering (political science)">Social engineering</a> concerning the <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> elements within <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous Americans</a> (probably due to the lack of interest from Nazi Germany to <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>). From the Japanese side, there were some plans, mostly in an early ideation stage, to develop a Government-General of Central America (consisting mostly in the former <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Main" title="Spanish Main">Spanish Main</a> and the totality of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>) to defy the <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a> and also expand Japanese sphere of influence over <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> (menacing <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> to give <a href="/wiki/Territorial_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial concession">Territorial concession</a> in strategical ports, alike <a href="/wiki/Foreign_concessions_in_China" title="Foreign concessions in China">Foreign concessions in China</a>, and then being turned into client states), transforming Pacific Ocean into a virtually Japanese Lake and expelling United States of the America's Backyard (humiliating USA by blocking their control of Caribbean and Mexican gulf). However, the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a> were considered to be ceded to <a href="/wiki/Italian_colonial_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian colonial empire">Italian colonial empire</a> or a possible new German colonialism, as Japan wanted to avoid a conflict of interest in the Atlantic Ocean with its Axis allies or <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. German Foreign Policy never opposed, nor approved this Japanese ambitions, but in case of winning, the most probably answer would be the total indifference (like all the related to <a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-America</a>) while German interests in <a href="/wiki/ABC_countries" title="ABC countries">ABC countries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Operation Bolívar">Operation Bolívar</a>) and possible <a href="/wiki/German_interest_in_the_Caribbean" title="German interest in the Caribbean">German interest in the Caribbean</a> were not menaced.<a href="#cite_note-:5-214">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plans_for_the_economic_domination_of_South_America">Plans for the economic domination of South America</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Plans for the economic domination of South America">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/German_Amazon-Jary-Expedition_(1935%E2%80%931937)" title="German Amazon-Jary-Expedition (1935–1937)">German Amazon-Jary-Expedition (1935–1937)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Operation Bolívar">Operation Bolívar</a></div> Neither Hitler nor any other major Nazi leader showed much interest towards South America, except as a warning example of "<a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_America#Demographics" title="Demographics of South America">racial mixing</a>".<a href="#cite_note-335">[332]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a> was active in various South American countries, notably among <a href="/wiki/German_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Brazilian">German Brazilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="German Argentine">German Argentines</a>, and trade relations between Germany and the South American countries were seen as of great importance, specially the ABC countries (due to having bigger <a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="German colonization of the Americas">German communities</a>, its strategical position near Europe from the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic ocean">South Atlantic</a>, and being the most economically powerful at the time).<a href="#cite_note-336">[333]</a> Between 1933 and 1941, the Nazi aim in South America was to achieve economic hegemony by expanding trade at the expense of the Western Powers.<a href="#cite_note-337">[334]</a> Hitler also believed that German-dominated Europe would displace the United States as the principal trading partner of the continent.<a href="#cite_note-338">[335]</a> In the Short-term, tha main goal of the Reich was to Nazify German South-Americans (usually with help of <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran church">Lutheran churches</a>) and try to turn them into an extension of the German state based in the <a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a> principle (not necessarily annexing them, the reich was conformed to develop a "<a href="/wiki/Deep_state" title="Deep state">state within a state</a>" to menace those countries in the future), while also developing Spy Networks against the Allies during WWII.<a href="#cite_note-339">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[337]</a> Long-term Nazi hopes for political penetration of the region were placed on the local fascist movements, such as the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Integralists</a> in Brazil and fascists in <a href="/wiki/Peronism" title="Peronism">Peronist</a> Argentina, combined with the political activation of the German immigrant communities.<a href="#cite_note-341">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[339]</a> There were even plans from some Nazis (although without official support from Nazi leaders) to instigate <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">Coup d'état</a> from the German communities on South American small territories, like <a href="/wiki/Planned_Nazi_coup_and_invasion_of_Uruguay" title="Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay">The Fuhrmann Plan (Uruguay)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-343">[340]</a> or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guayana-Projekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guayana-Projekt (page does not exist)">Guayana-Projekt</a> (military takeover of French Guiana).<a href="#cite_note-nyt-344">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[343]</a> Hitler also had hopes of seeing German immigrants "returning" from the Western Hemisphere to colonize the conquered East.<a href="#cite_note-347">[344]</a> Despite being occasionally suspicious of the South American Germans of adopting a "South attitude towards life", top Nazis believed that their experience working in underdeveloped areas would make them ideal settlers for the annexed eastern territories.<a href="#cite_note-348">[345]</a> On 27 October 1941 Roosevelt stated in a speech "I have in my possession a secret map, made in Germany by Hitler's government, by planners of the new world order. It is a map of South America and part of Central America as Hitler proposes to organize it" into five countries under German domination.<a href="#cite_note-349">[346]</a> The speech amazed both the United States and Germany; the latter claimed the map was a forgery. While <a href="/wiki/British_Security_Coordination" class="mw-redirect" title="British Security Coordination">British Security Coordination</a> indeed forged the map and arranged for discovery by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, it likely was based in part on a real, public map of boundary changes German agents used to persuade South American countries to join the New Order.<a href="#cite_note-350">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[348]</a> Another accusations, about Nazi Germany's possible plans for border changes in South America, came from the diplomat <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Corr%C3%AAa_da_Costa" title="Sergio Corrêa da Costa">Sergio Corrêa da Costa</a>, who claimed that he has proof that Brazilian Nazis were planning to separate Southern Brazil in a new <a href="/wiki/Riograndense_Republic" title="Riograndense Republic">Riograndense Republic</a>, with the main goal the establishment of a "New Germany" colony (based on previous projects from <a href="/wiki/Second_German_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Second German Empire">Second German Empire</a> of partitioning Latin America, like the one proposed by Otto Richard Tannenberg),<a href="#cite_note-352">[349]</a> mentioning that he had a quote of Hitler himself saying: "We will create a new Germany in Brazil. There we will find everything we need". In the large place, that "New Germany" would try to expand its territory, with help of pro-Axis <a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">Gauchos</a> of white skills, among <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordeste_argentino" class="extiw" title="es:Nordeste argentino">North-East Argentina</a>, trying to conquer the temperate zones of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata_Basin" title="Río de la Plata Basin">Río de la Plata Basin</a> (which offered a colonisation space very similar to the geography of Germany) and displacing Portuguese and Spanish in favor of German as <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">National language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-353">[350]</a> However, another historians are skeptical about the existence of those territorial plans for the New Order, saying that there isn't sufficient documentation and were mostly part of the <a href="/wiki/Collective_hysteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective hysteria">Collective hysteria</a> of Brazil in World War II, while also mentioning that <a href="/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" title="Getúlio Vargas">Getúlio Vargas</a> was initially a pro-Axis (as his <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Brazil)" title="Estado Novo (Brazil)">Estado Novo</a> was inspired in fascist ideology)<a href="#cite_note-354">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-355">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[353]</a> and that it was nominated by Nazi Germany to be an Axis Partner in South America in equal conditions, mentioning the fact that Nazi Party in Brazil had no interest in participating in the elections or in registering the party with the Electoral Court of Brazil, so being politically inoffensive.<a href="#cite_note-357">[354]</a> However, after Brazil joined the Allies and also started the <a href="/wiki/Nationalization_campaign" title="Nationalization campaign">Nationalization campaign</a> against German culture, there were rumors that Nazi Germany was trying to use <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian Integralist</a> to depose Vargas and establish a pro-Axis puppet state and start a campaign against <a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7o" title="Mestiço">Mestiço</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black</a> elements. But those claims were negated by both, <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio_Salgado" title="Plínio Salgado">Plínio Salgado</a> (Integralist leader) and <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Henning_von_Cossel" class="extiw" title="pt:Hans Henning von Cossel">Hans von Cossel</a> (leader of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">NSDAP</a> in Brazil), even some Nazi Germans claimed that Integralists as <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationalism" title="Brazilian nationalism">Brazilian nationalists</a> were also a threat against <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanism</a>, while also despised its defense of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a> about <a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">cultural pluralism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Assimilationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilationism">assimilationism</a> in an "inferior people [the <a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">Brazilians</a>]" because of its mixed race character (preferring to practice a clear hierarchy that separated native Germans from Brazilians of German descent: only the former could join the NSDAP, while the others were inferior to native Germans because being excessively Brazilian).<a href="#cite_note-358">[355]</a> Beside all, there were concrete plans to indoctrinate German children in Brazil and to expand German schools in America on the model of Hitler Youth.<a href="#cite_note-359">[356]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plans_for_Antarctica">Plans for Antarctica</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Plans for Antarctica">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/German_Antarctic_Expedition_(1938%E2%80%931939)" title="German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)">German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NewSwabiaMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NewSwabiaMap.jpg/241px-NewSwabiaMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NewSwabiaMap.jpg/362px-NewSwabiaMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/NewSwabiaMap.jpg/482px-NewSwabiaMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Map of the projected German Antarctic colonial domain of New Swabia.</figcaption></figure> Nazi Germany envisioned to establish a colonial domain, named <a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a>, in the region between 20 ° West and 20 ° East of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctic</a> territory, in modern <a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a> (on Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" title="Territorial claims in Antarctica">Territorial claims in Antarctica</a>), causing that Norway formally annex it 5 days before the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/German_Antarctic_Expedition_(1938%E2%80%931939)" title="German Antarctic Expedition (1938–1939)">1st German expedition</a> in the <a href="/wiki/MS_Schwabenland_(1925)" title="MS Schwabenland (1925)">MS Schwabenland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-360">[357]</a> There were plans for a 2nd and 3rd expeditions, probably to the other side of Antarctica (in the Pacific sector), but all Antarctic activities were cancelled due to the World War II.<a href="#cite_note-361">[358]</a> The main goal of this project was to establish some whaling stations in the continent, which would extract <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a> to secure margarine and other goods, reducing the Reich's economical dependence on <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">Foreign exchange reserves</a> with the import of industrial oils, fats and dietary fats.<a href="#cite_note-362">[359]</a> In the short-term, was needed to develop a whaling fleet and aerial bases with acquisition of fishing grounds, using it as a mean of improve international prestige of Germany with propaganda (although the lack of an <a href="/wiki/Effective_occupation" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective occupation">Effective occupation</a>). In the long-term, it was planned to start a German occupation of the territory, with the objective to compete against Britain, France, and the United States in terms of global reach.<a href="#cite_note-363">[360]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ritscher" title="Alfred Ritscher">Alfred Ritscher</a> and Heinrich Himmler were interested in the total annexation of the hypothetical German Occupied Antarctic territories, starting with the "<a href="/wiki/Schirmacher_Oasis" title="Schirmacher Oasis">Schirmacher See</a>" due to have some vegetation and hot springs near a lake.<a href="#cite_note-364">[361]</a> Himmler and Rudolf Hess were interested in reach a caste of white-skinned bringers of civilization, theorized by <a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">occultist societies</a>,<a href="#cite_note-365">[362]</a> and so New Swabia would had to serve for <a href="/wiki/Nazi_occult" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi occult">Nazi esotericist</a> investigations (even was considered to develop the colony only with members of the <a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a> that were interested to discover "<a href="/wiki/Superhuman" title="Superhuman">superhumans</a>").<a href="#cite_note-366">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[364]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plans_for_future_wars_against_Asia">Plans for future wars against Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Plans for future wars against Asia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></div> Although it pursued an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Imperial Japan</a> in the battle against the "Western <a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracies</a>" and Soviet <a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a> which was based on <a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a>, the Nazi leadership believed that its alliance with Japan was only temporary. The racial ideology of Nazism predicted that the fate of human civilization depended on the ultimate triumph of the Germanic-Nordic peoples, and according to it, the populous Asian continent was seen as the greatest threat to the hegemony of the white race. The Japanese people were characterized as 'culture-bearers', which meant that they could make use of the technological and civilizational achievements of the Aryan race and by so doing, they could maintain an advanced society, but they could not truly create a 'culture' themselves.<a href="#cite_note-368">[365]</a> Gerhard Weinberg asserts that the historical evidence points to the conclusion that Hitler, like he had done with the Soviets in the 1939–1941 period, employed a tactic of conceding to the Japanese whatever they desired until they in turn could be defeated in a subsequent war.<a href="#cite_note-369">[366]</a> In early 1942, Hitler is quoted as saying to Ribbentrop: "We have to think in terms of centuries. Sooner or later there will have to be a showdown between the white and the yellow races."<a href="#cite_note-370">[367]</a> In July 1941, as plans were being laid out for post-Barbarossa military operations, the Wehrmacht's naval top-level command, the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Marine" title="Oberkommando der Marine">Oberkommando der Marine</a>, was not ready to exclude the possibility of a war between Germany and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995636-371">[368]</a> In 1942, NSDAP official <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhard_Wetzel" class="extiw" title="de:Erhard Wetzel">Erhard Wetzel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_for_the_Occupied_Eastern_Territories" title="Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories">Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories</a>) predicted that "the self-determination of the numerically strong Asian peoples after this war" would challenge German-controlled Europe with Japanese instigation, and stated that "a Greater Asia and an independent India are formations that dispose over hundreds of millions of inhabitants. A German world power with 80 or 85 million Germans by contrast is numerically too weak".<a href="#cite_note-kiernan-372">[369]</a> Wetzel further pondered on Germany's choices on the population policies in occupied Russia: if the Russians were restricted to having as few children as possible in the interest of German colonization, this would further "weaken the white race in view of the dangers of Asia".<a href="#cite_note-kiernan-372">[369]</a> As the Japanese were conquering one European colonial territory after another in Asia and Oceania, and while they were also seemingly poised to take over Australia and New Zealand as a result of their conquests, Hitler believed that the white race would completely disappear in these regions, which he considered a turning point in human history.<a href="#cite_note-rich4-373">[370]</a> He was relieved by the fact that Japan had entered the war on Germany's side, however, because he had long hoped to use that country as a strategic counterweight to the United States, based on his belief that Japanese hegemony in East Asia and the Pacific would guarantee the security of both countries by deterring the ambitions of other powers. Looking into the future, he remarked that "There's one thing Japan and Germany have in common; both of us need fifty to a hundred years for purposes of <a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">digestion</a>: we for Russia, they for the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>".<a href="#cite_note-rich4-373">[370]</a> In his <a href="/wiki/Posen_speeches" title="Posen speeches">speech</a> which he made during the meeting of <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> major generals in Posen on 4 October 1943, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> commented on future conflicts between Nazi-controlled Europe and Asia: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">[W]e will create the necessary conditions for the whole Germanic people and the whole of Europe, controlled, ordered and led by us, the Germanic people, to be able, in generations, to stand the test in her battles of destiny against Asia, who will certainly break out again. We do not know when that will be. Then, when the mass of humanity of 1 to 1½ [billion] lines up against us, the Germanic people, numbering, I hope, 250 to 300 million, and the other European peoples, making a total of 600 to 700 million – (and with <a href="/wiki/Ural_mountains_in_Nazi_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Ural mountains in Nazi planning">an outpost area stretching as far as the Urals</a>, or, a hundred years, beyond the Urals) – must stand the test in its vital struggle against Asia. It would be an evil day if the Germanic people did not survive it. It would be the end of beauty and "<a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Kultur</a>", of the creative power of this earth. That is the distant future. It is for that that we are fighting, pledged to hand down the heritage of our ancestors.<a href="#cite_note-374">[371]</a></blockquote> Himmler addressed this apocalyptic vision in an earlier speech which he made in the presence of SS generals at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kharkiv">University of Kharkiv</a>, Ukraine in April 1943. He first spoke on the necessity of the war against the Soviets and Jewry: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">These clashes are the only <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary">evolutionary</a> possibility which will enable us one day, now that Fate has given us the Führer Adolf Hitler, to create the Germanic Reich. They are the necessary condition, for our race, and our blood to create for itself and put under cultivation, in the years of peace (during which we must live and work austerely, frugally and like <a href="/wiki/Spartiate" title="Spartiate">Spartans</a>), that settlement area in which new blood can breed, as in a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> so to speak. Only by this means can the Continent become a Germanic Continent, capable of daring to embark, in one or two or three or five or ten generations, on the conflict with this Continent of Asia which spews out hordes of humanity.<a href="#cite_note-375">[372]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="End_of_the_New_Order_project">End of the New Order project</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: End of the New Order project">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1945-03-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1945-03-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg/267px-1945-03-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1945-03-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg/401px-1945-03-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1945-03-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg/534px-1945-03-01GerWW2BattlefrontAtlas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption>Areas still under German control in March 1945</figcaption></figure> After the decisive German defeat at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a> on 2 February 1943, Germany was forced to go on the defensive and as a result, it was no longer able to actively pursue its implementation of the New Order in the Soviet Union, but it was able to continue its <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">genocide</a> against the Jews, the <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a>, and other minorities. Following the subsequent failure of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">1943 summer offensive</a> and the resulting failure to regain the territories which it lost to the Soviets earlier that year, the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> was no longer able to mount an effective large-scale counter-attack on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(WWII)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Front (WWII)">Eastern Front</a>. In a discussion with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> on 26 October 1943, Hitler opined that Germany should conclude a temporary armistice with the Soviet Union and return to its <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">1941 border</a> in the east.<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg3-376">[373]</a> This would then give Germany the opportunity to defeat the British forces in the west first, before resuming a new war for <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a> against the Soviet Union at a later point in time. Hitler thought that his future successor might have to carry out this later war, because he believed that he himself would be too old by then.<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg3-376">[373]</a> At the same time, Nazis desperately make some concessions to the highly hated <a href="/wiki/Untermensch" title="Untermensch">Untermensch</a> <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> (specially the offers of the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevik_Bloc_of_Nations" title="Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations">Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">White émigré</a>), recognizing <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a> position about the necessity to strengthen Anti-Soviet <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaborationism</a> to replace the Wehrmacht's heavy losses,<a href="#cite_note-377">[374]</a> as now wasn't realistic to conquer <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a> only with German power, or even the annexation of territories outside Poland (needing now to establish pro German Puppet-States like in the <a href="/wiki/Mitteleuropa" title="Mitteleuropa">Mitteleuropa</a> projects, or at least having means to instigate a new <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> that should put pressure on the Soviets in future peace negotiations), so were recognized a <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarusian Central Council</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Committee" title="Ukrainian National Committee">Ukrainian National Committee</a> and even a <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia">Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia</a>. However, the initiative came very lately as the moral damage of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_Soviet_Civilians" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against Soviet Civilians">Nazi crimes against Soviet Civilians</a> made that most of <a href="/wiki/Anti-Sovietism" title="Anti-Sovietism">anti-soviet</a> political movements hated Hitler and Nazis-Fascists equally to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist-Leninists</a>, while also <a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a> had now complete military advantage and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_political_repression" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet political repression">Soviet political repression</a> was more powerful.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Late in the war, after the failure of the final <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardennes offensive">Ardennes offensive</a> and after the successful Allied <a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">crossing of the Rhine</a> into Germany itself, Hitler hoped that a decisive victory on the Eastern Front might still enable the Nazi regime to preserve itself, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Operation Spring Awakening</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg4-378">[375]</a> He believed that, with the conclusion of a separate peace-treaty with the Soviet Union, a <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Partition_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Partition of Poland">division of Poland</a> might still be realized and leave Hungary and Croatia (at that time, the former was still under German occupation, the latter was a <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian fascist</a> <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a>) under German control.<a href="#cite_note-Weinberg4-378">[375]</a> Hitler only acknowledged Germany's imminent defeat mere days prior to <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Death of Adolf Hitler">his suicide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-379">[376]</a> Although some <a href="/wiki/Nazi_leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi leaders">Nazi leaders</a> still wanted to develop the projects of New Order (only proposing those for a hypothetic Nazi renaissance by <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> against Allied-occupied Germany), like the plans of the <a href="/wiki/Werwolf" title="Werwolf">Werwolf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[377]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Areas annexed by Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a>, the dominion which the Nazis attempted to create by merging all of the Germanic-populated countries in Europe into one state.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a>, the envisioned Japanese economic equivalent of the New Order and the Greater Germanic Reich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-A_line" title="A-A line">A-A line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_settlement_in_the_Japanese_Empire" title="Jewish settlement in the Japanese Empire">Jewish settlement in the Japanese Empire</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains_in_Nazi_planning" title="Ural Mountains in Nazi planning">Ural Mountains in Nazi planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrbauer" title="Wehrbauer">Wehrbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_imperialism_under_fascism" title="Italian imperialism under fascism">Italian imperialism under fascism</a>, the Fascist Italian project for securing domination of the Mediterranean area.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_power_negotiations_on_the_division_of_Asia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis power negotiations on the division of Asia during World War II">Axis power negotiations on the division of Asia during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_question#Later_influence" title="German question">Grossdeutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a> ("The Drive Eastward")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_Plan" title="Hunger Plan">Hunger Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_theater_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="European theater of World War II">European theater of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Nazi eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Nazi racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racial policy of Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequences_of_Nazism" title="Consequences of Nazism">Consequences of Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a> that <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothesizes</a> a secretly emerging <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> <a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">world government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_world_order_(politics)" title="New world order (politics)">New world order</a> (an international relations theory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posen_speeches" title="Posen speeches">Posen speeches</a> – In two notable speeches delivered in October 1943, Himmler details the tasks of the SS in implementing the New Order.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_Axis_victory_in_World_War_II" title="Hypothetical Axis victory in World War II">Hypothetical Axis victory in World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Neo-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-fascist">neo-fascist</a> alliance <a href="/wiki/New_European_Order" title="New European Order">New European Order</a>, founded in 1951 as an alleged "Black International".<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> "[T]he <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> brought <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>'s confirmation as a great European power. That war was carried on for seven years to ensure that the already conquered province of <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> would remain part of Prussia. This war will ensure that everything annexed to the German Reich, to Greater Germany, and then to the Germanic Reich in the years since 1938, will remain ours. This war is being carried on to keep the path to the East open; so that Germany may be a world power; to found the Germanic World Empire (Germanisches Weltreich).<a href="#cite_note-b221-23">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Enlightenment_and_Propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda">Reich Minister of Propaganda</a>, personal diaries, entry 8 May 1943: "The Führer gave expression to his unshakable conviction that the Reich will be the master of all Europe. We shall yet have to engage in many fights, but these will undoubtedly lead to most wonderful victories. From there on the way to world domination is practically certain. Whoever dominates Europe will thereby assume the leadership of the world."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1970359-25">[23]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Adolf Hitler speech at <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Sportpalast" title="Berlin Sportpalast">Berlin Sportpalast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/hitler013041.html">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gumkowski-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gumkowski_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gumkowski_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gumkowski_2-2">c</a> Gumkowski, Janusz; Leszczyński, Kazimierz (1961). Poland Under Nazi Occupation. Polonia Pub. House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20120527021449/http://www.dac.neu.edu/holocaust/Hitlers_Plans.htm">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYoder1944" class="citation book cs1">Yoder, Fred Roy (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lH7NAAAAMAAJ">Introductory Sociology</a>. State College of Washington. p. 248. Retrieved 12 August 2023. <q>[...] expansion policies and practices of Germany in southeastern Europe and Japan in Asia were likewise a major cause of World War II.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Sociology&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=State+College+of+Washington&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Yoder&rft.aufirst=Fred+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlH7NAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Lee, Stephen J. (1987). The European Dictatorships, 1918–1945, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mbIOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA196">p. 196</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dict.cc/?s=Neuordnung">"Dict.cc | Neuordnung | English Dictionary"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dict.cc+%26%23124%3B+Neuordnung+%26%23124%3B+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dict.cc%2F%3Fs%3DNeuordnung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrell2011" class="citation book cs1">Farrell, Joseph P. (2011) [2008]. "An International Terrorists' Summit". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uCY-N7ZqtnQC">Nazi International: The Nazis' Postwar Plan to Control Finance, Conflict, Physics and Space</a>. SCB Distributors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781935487593" title="Special:BookSources/9781935487593"><bdi>9781935487593</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 February 2023. <q>The Black International, which operated under the name of the European New Order, held a summit at Barcelona on behalf of the Palestinians. The organization was composed of various Nazis and fascists from Nazi Germany, Vichy France, Franco's Spain, Salazar's Portugal, Mussolini's Italy, and the Greek colonels' military junta.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+International+Terrorists%27+Summit&rft.btitle=Nazi+International%3A+The+Nazis%27+Postwar+Plan+to+Control+Finance%2C+Conflict%2C+Physics+and+Space&rft.pub=SCB+Distributors&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781935487593&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Joseph+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuCY-N7ZqtnQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamus2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Camus" title="Jean-Yves Camus">Camus, Jean-Yves</a> (2000). "Nostalgia and Political Impotence: Neo-Nazi and Extreme-Right Movements in France, 1944–1964". In Arnold, Edward J. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VuyGDAAAQBAJ">The Developing of the Radical Rights in France: From Boulanger to Le Pen</a>. Translated by Arnold, Edward J. Basingstoke: Springer. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780333981153" title="Special:BookSources/9780333981153"><bdi>9780333981153</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 February 2023. <q>[...] the misguided belief in the existence of an international conspiracy often referred to as the 'black international' which allegedly co-ordinated neo-Nazi activity on a world-wide scale.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nostalgia+and+Political+Impotence%3A+Neo-Nazi+and+Extreme-Right+Movements+in+France%2C+1944%E2%80%931964&rft.btitle=The+Developing+of+the+Radical+Rights+in+France%3A+From+Boulanger+to+Le+Pen&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780333981153&rft.aulast=Camus&rft.aufirst=Jean-Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVuyGDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2006). Western Civilization Since 1789, Volume 3. Clark Baxter, p. 855. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e-xA71DxfFYC&pg=PT327">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=1549">Martin Bormann's Minutes of a Meeting at Hitler's Headquarters (July 16, 1941).</a> German History in Documents and Images. Retrieved 5 June 2011. Quoting Hitler: The <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a> emphasized that we had to understand that the Europe of today was nothing but a geographical term; in reality Asia extended up to our frontiers. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Rich, Norman (1972). Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State and the Course of Expansion, p. 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-Haffner-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Haffner_12-0">^</a> Haffner, Sebastian (1979). The Meaning of Hitler. Macmillan Publishing Company Inc., p. 100. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k2-ZkIvt35QC&dq=hitler+russia+asiatic&pg=PA100">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitler,_Adolf_Mein_Kampf-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hitler,_Adolf_Mein_Kampf_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hitler,_Adolf_Mein_Kampf_13-1">b</a> Hitler, Adolf <a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Rosenberg, Alfred <a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts</a>, 1930 ("The Myth of the 20th Century") </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemkin2008" class="citation book cs1">Lemkin, Raphael (2008). Axis rule in occupied Europe. Clark, New Jersey: Lawbook Exchange. pp. 80, 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58477-901-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58477-901-8"><bdi>978-1-58477-901-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Axis+rule+in+occupied+Europe&rft.place=Clark%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=80%2C+81&rft.pub=Lawbook+Exchange&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58477-901-8&rft.aulast=Lemkin&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wtKJk4Hz23MC&dq=%22german+strategy+for+world+conquest%22&pg=PA123">Geopolitics and Globalization in the Twentieth Century By Brian W. Blouet (2001):</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Derwent, Whittlesey German Strategy for World Conquest New York: 1942 Farrar and Rinehart </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Walsh, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnsor1939" class="citation journal cs1">Ensor, R. C. K. (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3019298">""Mein Kampf" and Europe"</a>. International Affairs. 18 (4): 478–496. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3019298">10.2307/3019298</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3019298">3019298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Affairs&rft.atitle=%22Mein+Kampf%22+and+Europe&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=478-496&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3019298&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3019298%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ensor&rft.aufirst=R.+C.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3019298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Weinberg" title="Gerhard Weinberg">Weinberg, Gerhard L</a> (2005). Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders. Cambridge, England <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, pp. 8–9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/52548/frontmatter/9780521852548_frontmatter.pdf">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Weinberg, G.L. (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9OfrTvu7CNYC&dq=%22And+if+no+other+way+is+open+to+them,+the+lower+races+will+have+to+restrict+%22&pg=PA28">Germany, Hitler, and World War II: essays in modern German and world history</a>, p. 28, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-56626-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-56626-6">0-521-56626-6</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Alfred Rosenberg: Krisis und Neubau Europas. Berlin 1934. </li> <li id="cite_note-b221-23"><a href="#cite_ref-b221_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/holoprelude/posen.html">"Heinrich Himmler's 4 October 1943 Posen Speech"</a>. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. 1946. Retrieved 2 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holocaust+Education+%26+Archive+Research+Team&rft.atitle=Heinrich+Himmler%27s+4+October+1943+Posen+Speech&rft.date=1946&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holocaustresearchproject.org%2Fholoprelude%2Fposen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1970359-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoebbels1970359_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoebbels1970">Goebbels 1970</a>, p. 359. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/es/title/Germany-and-the-Second-World-War.-Vol.-1-The-build-up-of-German-aggression/oclc/1001146947">"Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 1, The build-up of German aggression | WorldCat.org"</a>. search.worldcat.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.worldcat.org&rft.atitle=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War.+Vol.+1%2C+The+build-up+of+German+aggression+%7C+WorldCat.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Fes%2Ftitle%2FGermany-and-the-Second-World-War.-Vol.-1-The-build-up-of-German-aggression%2Foclc%2F1001146947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerAncker2016" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Ancker, Janice W. (2016). Cirillo, Roger (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cx3vj9">Hitler's Wehrmacht, 1935--1945</a>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-6805-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-6805-0"><bdi>978-0-8131-6805-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1cx3vj9">j.ctt1cx3vj9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Wehrmacht%2C+1935--1945&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1cx3vj9%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-6805-0&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Rolf-Dieter&rft.au=Ancker%2C+Janice+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1cx3vj9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:27-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:27_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:27_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothwell2001" class="citation book cs1">Rothwell, Victor (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JLlaN3e4IcsC&pg=PA92">Origins of the Second World War</a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5958-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5958-2"><bdi>978-0-7190-5958-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5958-2&rft.aulast=Rothwell&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJLlaN3e4IcsC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajer2003" class="citation book cs1">Majer, Diemut (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w-IQu7nWQwQC&q=poland+mitteleuropa&pg=PA188">"Non-Germans" Under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939-1945</a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6493-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6493-3"><bdi>978-0-8018-6493-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Non-Germans%22+Under+the+Third+Reich%3A+The+Nazi+Judicial+and+Administrative+System+in+Germany+and+Occupied+Eastern+Europe+with+Special+Regard+to+Occupied+Poland%2C+1939-1945&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6493-3&rft.aulast=Majer&rft.aufirst=Diemut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw-IQu7nWQwQC%26q%3Dpoland%2Bmitteleuropa%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrozier1997" class="citation book cs1">Crozier, Andrew (9 September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S2hBXzB7XaYC&q=anti-comintern+Poland&pg=PA150">The Causes of the Second World War</a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-18601-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-18601-4"><bdi>978-0-631-18601-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Causes+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1997-09-09&rft.isbn=978-0-631-18601-4&rft.aulast=Crozier&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS2hBXzB7XaYC%26q%3Danti-comintern%2BPoland%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2003" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Louis Leo (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F9PLkQTwOJIC&q=%22Polish+Corridor%22+nationalism&pg=PA88">New Nationalism (The) (Ppr)</a>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3802-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3802-3"><bdi>978-1-4128-3802-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Nationalism+%28The%29+%28Ppr%29&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-3802-3&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Louis+Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF9PLkQTwOJIC%26q%3D%2522Polish%2BCorridor%2522%2Bnationalism%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/ylbkmenu.asp">"Avalon Project - The French Yellow Book"</a>. avalon.law.yale.edu. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=avalon.law.yale.edu&rft.atitle=Avalon+Project+-+The+French+Yellow+Book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2Fsubject_menus%2Fylbkmenu.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrang2006" class="citation journal cs1">Strang, G. Bruce (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utpjournals.press/doi/10.3138/cjh.41.1.47">"John Bull in Search of a Suitable Russia: British Foreign Policy and the Failure of the Anglo-French-Soviet Alliance Negotiations, 1939"</a>. 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Documents on the History of European Integration: Continental Plans for European Union 1939–1945. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. pp. 12–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-009724-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-009724-9"><bdi>3-11-009724-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+on+the+History+of+European+Integration%3A+Continental+Plans+for+European+Union+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=12-13&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-11-009724-9&rft.aulast=Lipgens&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/frankryan/InterpretativeResources/HistoricalContext/TheIRAslinkswithNaziGermany/">"The IRA's links with Nazi Germany | Frank Ryan | Queen's University Belfast"</a>. www.qub.ac.uk. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.qub.ac.uk&rft.atitle=The+IRA%27s+links+with+Nazi+Germany+%7C+Frank+Ryan+%7C+Queen%27s+University+Belfast&rft.date=2012-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qub.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Ffrankryan%2FInterpretativeResources%2FHistoricalContext%2FTheIRAslinkswithNaziGermany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/frankryan/InterpretativeResources/HistoricalContext/IrishRepublicanismandNaziGermany/">"Irish Republicanism and Nazi Germany | Frank Ryan | Queen's University Belfast"</a>. www.qub.ac.uk. 31 January 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.qub.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Irish+Republicanism+and+Nazi+Germany+%7C+Frank+Ryan+%7C+Queen%27s+University+Belfast&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qub.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Ffrankryan%2FInterpretativeResources%2FHistoricalContext%2FIrishRepublicanismandNaziGermany%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jun/03/theobserver.uknews1">"Who asked Hitler to set up a Scots republic?"</a>. The Observer. 3 June 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a>. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Who+asked+Hitler+to+set+up+a+Scots+republic%3F&rft.date=2001-06-03&rft.issn=0029-7712&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2001%2Fjun%2F03%2Ftheobserver.uknews1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2001" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Jamie (9 May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/may/09/highereducation.humanities">"Scottish nationalists tried to forge Nazi alliance"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 19 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Scottish+nationalists+tried+to+forge+Nazi+alliance&rft.date=2001-05-09&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2001%2Fmay%2F09%2Fhighereducation.humanities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:24-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:24_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:24_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:24_59-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroenerMullerUmbreit2000" class="citation book cs1">Kroener, Bernhard R.; Muller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (3 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ECZSRNxN3cC">Germany and the Second World War:Volume 5: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power. Part I: Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources, 1939-1941: Volume 5: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power. Part I: Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources, 1939-1941</a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822887-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822887-5"><bdi>978-0-19-822887-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War%3AVolume+5%3A+Organization+and+Mobilization+of+the+German+Sphere+of+Power.+Part+I%3A+Wartime+Administration%2C+Economy%2C+and+Manpower+Resources%2C+1939-1941%3A+Volume+5%3A+Organization+and+Mobilization+of+the+German+Sphere+of+Power.+Part+I%3A+Wartime+Administration%2C+Economy%2C+and+Manpower+Resources%2C+1939-1941&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2000-08-03&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822887-5&rft.aulast=Kroener&rft.aufirst=Bernhard+R.&rft.au=Muller%2C+Rolf-Dieter&rft.au=Umbreit%2C+Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ECZSRNxN3cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritz-Gansberg-Str._14Fax:218-94_962003" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fritz-Gansberg-Str. 14, Kontakt InstitutionSozial Geschichte Zeitschrift für historische Analyse des 20 und 21 JahrhundertsLand Deutschland DEc/oSozial Geschichte Zeitschrift für historische Analyse des 20 und 21 Jahrhunderts; Fax:218-94 96, D.-28213 Bremen Tel :218-91 25 (1 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsozkult.de/journal/id/z6ann-100098">"Migrationsgeschichte; "Endlösung" in Frankreich; "Generalplan West"; Geschichte des Operaismus"</a>. H-Soz-Kult. Kommunikation und Fachinformation für die Geschichtswissenschaften (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H-Soz-Kult.+Kommunikation+und+Fachinformation+f%C3%BCr+die+Geschichtswissenschaften&rft.atitle=Migrationsgeschichte%3B+%22Endl%C3%B6sung%22+in+Frankreich%3B+%22Generalplan+West%22%3B+Geschichte+des+Operaismus&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.aulast=Fritz-Gansberg-Str.+14&rft.aufirst=Kontakt+InstitutionSozial+Geschichte+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+historische+Analyse+des+20+und+21+JahrhundertsLand+Deutschland+DEc%2FoSozial+Geschichte+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+historische+Analyse+des+20+und+21+Jahrhunderts&rft.au=Fax%3A218-94+96%2C+D.-28213+Bremen+Tel+%3A218-91+25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsozkult.de%2Fjournal%2Fid%2Fz6ann-100098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3%BCcher/Reichminister-Dr-Seyss-Inquart-Reichskommissar-f%C3%BCr-die-besetzten-niederl%C3%A4ndischen-Gebiete+WESTLAND/id/A02vhpWn01ZZD">""WESTLAND. Blätter für Landschaft, Geschichte und Kultur an …" (Reichskommissar für die besetzten niederländischen Gebiete, Reichminister Dr. Seyss-Inquart ) – Buch Erstausgabe kaufen – A02vhpWn01ZZD"</a>. www.booklooker.de (in German). Retrieved 26 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.booklooker.de&rft.atitle=%22WESTLAND.+Bl%C3%A4tter+f%C3%BCr+Landschaft%2C+Geschichte+und+Kultur+an+%E2%80%A6%22+%28Reichskommissar+f%C3%BCr+die+besetzten+niederl%C3%A4ndischen+Gebiete%2C+Reichminister+Dr.+Seyss-Inquart+%29+%E2%80%93+Buch+Erstausgabe+kaufen+%E2%80%93+A02vhpWn01ZZD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.booklooker.de%2FB%25C3%25BCcher%2FReichminister-Dr-Seyss-Inquart-Reichskommissar-f%25C3%25BCr-die-besetzten-niederl%25C3%25A4ndischen-Gebiete%2BWESTLAND%2Fid%2FA02vhpWn01ZZD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2003" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Julian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/france00juli">France : the dark years, 1940-1944</a>. Internet Archive. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925457-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925457-6"><bdi>978-0-19-925457-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+%3A+the+dark+years%2C+1940-1944&rft.pub=Oxford+%3B+New+York+%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925457-6&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrance00juli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-63"><a href="#cite_ref-:19_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fayard.fr/livre/la-france-pendant-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-9782213654614/">"La France pendant la seconde guerre mondiale (Grand format - Broché 2010), de Jean Quellien, Françoise Passera, Jean-Luc Leleu, Michel Daeffler | Éditions Fayard"</a>. www.fayard.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fayard.fr&rft.atitle=La+France+pendant+la+seconde+guerre+mondiale+%28Grand+format+-+Broch%C3%A9+2010%29%2C+de+Jean+Quellien%2C+Fran%C3%A7oise+Passera%2C+Jean-Luc+Leleu%2C+Michel+Daeffler+%7C+%C3%89ditions+Fayard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fayard.fr%2Flivre%2Fla-france-pendant-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-9782213654614%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:022-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:022_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:022_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2003" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Julian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/france00juli">France : the dark years, 1940-1944</a>. Internet Archive. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925457-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925457-6"><bdi>978-0-19-925457-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+%3A+the+dark+years%2C+1940-1944&rft.pub=Oxford+%3B+New+York+%3A+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925457-6&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrance00juli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Thus the Bordeaux organ of the PPF, L'Assaut, was subtitled "organ of the national revolution" in its first issue, in September 1940. The subtitle became "organ of the national and social revolution" two months later, before disappearing in November 1941: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6601995j/f1.image">L'Assaut, 15 septembre 1940</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k66020023/f1.image">Ibid., 10 novembre 1940</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Déat's editorial published in <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27%C5%92uvre_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Œuvre (journal) (page does not exist)">L'Œuvre</a> of July 10, 1940 (date of birth of the Vichy regime) is entitled "National Revolution" : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4621689x/f1.image.r=%22r%C3%A9volution%20nationale%22?rk=21459;2">L'Œuvre, 10 juillet 1940</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:192-67"><a href="#cite_ref-:192_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fayard.fr/livre/la-france-pendant-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-9782213654614/">"La France pendant la seconde guerre mondiale (Grand format - Broché 2010), de Jean Quellien, Françoise Passera, Jean-Luc Leleu, Michel Daeffler | Éditions Fayard"</a>. www.fayard.fr (in French). Retrieved 26 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fayard.fr&rft.atitle=La+France+pendant+la+seconde+guerre+mondiale+%28Grand+format+-+Broch%C3%A9+2010%29%2C+de+Jean+Quellien%2C+Fran%C3%A7oise+Passera%2C+Jean-Luc+Leleu%2C+Michel+Daeffler+%7C+%C3%89ditions+Fayard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fayard.fr%2Flivre%2Fla-france-pendant-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-9782213654614%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForay2011" class="citation book cs1">Foray, Jennifer L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/visions-of-empire-in-the-nazioccupied-netherlands/B4BA67870D23F99824077B30A223A60E">Visions of Empire in the Nazi-Occupied Netherlands</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01580-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01580-7"><bdi>978-1-107-01580-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visions+of+Empire+in+the+Nazi-Occupied+Netherlands&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-107-01580-7&rft.aulast=Foray&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fvisions-of-empire-in-the-nazioccupied-netherlands%2FB4BA67870D23F99824077B30A223A60E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:25_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlamiresJackson2006" class="citation book cs1">Blamires, Cyprian; Jackson, Paul (18 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nvD2rZSVau4C">World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]</a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-940-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-940-9"><bdi>978-1-57607-940-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Fascism%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+%5B2+Volumes%5D&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2006-09-18&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-940-9&rft.aulast=Blamires&rft.aufirst=Cyprian&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnvD2rZSVau4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">global.oup.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-fascism-9780199594788">https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-fascism-9780199594788</a>. Retrieved 26 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=global.oup.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Fproduct%2Fthe-oxford-handbook-of-fascism-9780199594788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitteCraeybeckxMeynen2009" class="citation book cs1">Witte, Els; Craeybeckx, Jan; Meynen, Alain (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n4Em8G76kbkC">Political History of Belgium: From 1830 Onwards</a>. Asp / Vubpress / Upa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5487-517-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5487-517-8"><bdi>978-90-5487-517-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+History+of+Belgium%3A+From+1830+Onwards&rft.pub=Asp+%2F+Vubpress+%2F+Upa&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-5487-517-8&rft.aulast=Witte&rft.aufirst=Els&rft.au=Craeybeckx%2C+Jan&rft.au=Meynen%2C+Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn4Em8G76kbkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschfeld1988" class="citation book cs1">Hirschfeld, Gerhard (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LduzAAAAIAAJ">Nazi Rule and Dutch Collaboration: The Netherlands Under German Occupation, 1940-45</a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85496-146-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85496-146-7"><bdi>978-0-85496-146-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazi+Rule+and+Dutch+Collaboration%3A+The+Netherlands+Under+German+Occupation%2C+1940-45&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-85496-146-7&rft.aulast=Hirschfeld&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLduzAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Stanley G. Payne, Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany, and World War II </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_74-2">c</a> Preston, Paul "Franco and Hitler: The Myth of Hendaye 1940" pp. 1–16 from Contemporary European History, Volume 1, Issue # 1, March 1992 p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Weinberg, Gerhard A World In Arms, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005 p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Norman Rich, Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State and the Course of Expansion </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Glyn Stone, The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936–1941: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936–41 (Royal Historical Society Studies in History) </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/scw/id/16639">"Maitland – Sara –?Hallinan collection"</a>. wdc.contentdm.oclc.org. Retrieved 17 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wdc.contentdm.oclc.org&rft.atitle=Maitland+%E2%80%93+Sara+%E2%80%93%3FHallinan+collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwdc.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fscw%2Fid%2F16639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fest_1973,_p._210-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Fest_1973,_p._210_79-0">^</a> Fest 1973, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-stegemann211-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stegemann211_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stegemann211_80-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stegemann211_80-2">c</a> Stegemann & Vogel 1995, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Gerhard L. Weinberg, Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Patrick Allitt. Catholic Converts: British and American Intellectuals Turn to Rome. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1997. p. 228. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Nicholas Atkin, Michael Biddiss, Frank Tallett. The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789. John Wiley & Sons, 2011. p. 155. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> John Lukacs. The Last European War: September 1939 – December 1941. p. 364. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/rha/392">"244 | 2006 France-Roumanie"</a> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=244+%7C+2006+France-Roumanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Frha%2F392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://editionschandeigne.fr/livre/petain-salazar-de-gaulle-affinites-ambiguites-illusions-1940-1944/">"Pétain, Salazar, De Gaulle. Affinités, ambiguïtés, illusions (1940-1944)"</a>. Editions Chandeigne. Retrieved 21 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Editions+Chandeigne&rft.atitle=P%C3%A9tain%2C+Salazar%2C+De+Gaulle.+Affinit%C3%A9s%2C+ambigu%C3%AFt%C3%A9s%2C+illusions+%281940-1944%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feditionschandeigne.fr%2Flivre%2Fpetain-salazar-de-gaulle-affinites-ambiguites-illusions-1940-1944%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/catalogue/livre/vichy-et-le-saint-siege/26982">"Vichy et le Saint-Siège"</a>. www.editions-harmattan.fr. 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University of Nebraska Press. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.atitle=Racial+Science+in+Hitler%27s+New+Europe%2C+1938-1945+-+Nebraska+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nebraskapress.unl.edu%2Fnebraska-paperback%2F9780803245075%2Fracial-science-in-hitlers-new-europe-1938-1945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHöhne2000" class="citation book cs1">Höhne, Heinz (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3yUCzHuAltAC">The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS</a>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-139012-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-139012-3"><bdi>978-0-14-139012-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+the+Death%27s+Head%3A+The+Story+of+Hitler%27s+SS&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-139012-3&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6hne&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3yUCzHuAltAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHidenLane2003" class="citation book cs1">Hiden, John; Lane, Thomas (30 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HzrpExvg2XgC&pg=PA59">The Baltic and the Outbreak of the Second World War</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-53120-7"><bdi>978-0-521-53120-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+and+the+Outbreak+of+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-01-30&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53120-7&rft.aulast=Hiden&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Lane%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHzrpExvg2XgC%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmann1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ahmann, Rolf (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kz8wAAAAYAAJ">Nichtangriffspakte: Entwicklung und operative Nutzung in Europa, 1922-1939 : mit einem Ausblick auf die Renaissance des Nichtangriffsvertrages nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg</a> (in German). Nomos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7890-1387-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7890-1387-4"><bdi>978-3-7890-1387-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nichtangriffspakte%3A+Entwicklung+und+operative+Nutzung+in+Europa%2C+1922-1939+%3A+mit+einem+Ausblick+auf+die+Renaissance+des+Nichtangriffsvertrages+nach+dem+Zweiten+Weltkrieg&rft.pub=Nomos&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-3-7890-1387-4&rft.aulast=Ahmann&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkz8wAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHæstrup1976" class="citation book cs1">Hæstrup, Jørgen (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FXsJAQAAIAAJ">Secret Alliance: A Study of the Danish Resistance Movement 1940-1945</a>. Odense University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7492-168-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7492-168-4"><bdi>978-87-7492-168-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secret+Alliance%3A+A+Study+of+the+Danish+Resistance+Movement+1940-1945&rft.pub=Odense+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-87-7492-168-4&rft.aulast=H%C3%A6strup&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFXsJAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015025325/http://www.milhist.dk/besattelsen/9april/9april.html">"The German occupation of Denmark"</a>. 15 October 2013. 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Scandinavian Studies. 44 (2): 171–185. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-5637">0036-5637</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40917223">40917223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Studies&rft.atitle=Germany+and+Denmark+1940-1943&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=171-185&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40917223%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0036-5637&rft.aulast=Voorhis&rft.aufirst=Jerry+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40917223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007062201038">"Nasjonalbiblioteket"</a>. www.nb.no. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49697-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49697-1"><bdi>978-0-521-49697-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quisling%3A+A+Study+in+Treachery&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999-05-27&rft.isbn=978-0-521-49697-1&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Hans+Fredrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGaR-7WVcVjgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nb.no/items/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010113005006">"Nasjonalbiblioteket"</a>. www.nb.no. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nb.no&rft.atitle=Nasjonalbiblioteket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nb.no%2Fitems%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2010113005006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928051733/http://skarstein.no/buskoHistorie.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20070928051733/http://skarstein.no/buskoHistorie.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBussMollo1978" class="citation book cs1">Buss, Philip H.; Mollo, Andrew (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rOVmAAAAMAAJ">Hitler's Germanic Legions: An Illustrated History of the Western European Legions with the SS, 1941-1943</a>. Macdonald and Jane's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-354-01110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-354-01110-5"><bdi>978-0-354-01110-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Germanic+Legions%3A+An+Illustrated+History+of+the+Western+European+Legions+with+the+SS%2C+1941-1943&rft.pub=Macdonald+and+Jane%27s&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-354-01110-5&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=Philip+H.&rft.au=Mollo%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrOVmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2003" class="citation book cs1">Barr, Susan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gc0PAQAAIAAJ">Norway, a Consistent Polar Nation?: Analysis of an Image Seen Through the History of the Norwegian Polar Institute</a>. Kolofon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-300-0026-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-300-0026-7"><bdi>978-82-300-0026-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norway%2C+a+Consistent+Polar+Nation%3F%3A+Analysis+of+an+Image+Seen+Through+the+History+of+the+Norwegian+Polar+Institute&rft.pub=Kolofon&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-82-300-0026-7&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgc0PAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInc1940" class="citation book cs1">Inc, Time (28 October 1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KkoEAAAAMBAJ">LIFE</a>. Time Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LIFE&rft.pub=Time+Inc&rft.date=1940-10-28&rft.aulast=Inc&rft.aufirst=Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKkoEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2010/04/09/norways-nazi-collaborators-sought-russia-colonies/">"Norway's Nazi collaborators sought Russia colonies"</a>. 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Swedish Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.A. 1941.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Swedish+Monthly&rft.pub=Swedish+Chamber+of+Commerce+of+the+U.S.A.&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC0blAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Djamtland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126103200/http://nizkor.org/hweb/imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-02/tgmwc-02-15-03.shtml">"Trials of German Major War Criminals: Volume 2"</a>. 26 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nizkor.org/hweb/imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-02/tgmwc-02-15-03.shtml">the original</a> on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trials+of+German+Major+War+Criminals%3A+Volume+2&rft.date=2013-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnizkor.org%2Fhweb%2Fimt%2Ftgmwc%2Ftgmwc-02%2Ftgmwc-02-15-03.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchön2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schön, Bosse (27 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/forintelsen-var-pa-vag-till-sverige/">"Förintelsen var på väg till Sverige"</a>. www.expressen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.expressen.se&rft.atitle=F%C3%B6rintelsen+var+p%C3%A5+v%C3%A4g+till+Sverige&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6n&rft.aufirst=Bosse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.expressen.se%2Fnyheter%2Fforintelsen-var-pa-vag-till-sverige%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeinander2012" class="citation cs2">Meinander, Henrik (January 2012), Kinnunen, Tiina; Kivimäki, Ville (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/finland-and-the-great-powers-in-world-war-ii-ideologies-geopoliti">"Finland and the Great Powers in World War II: Ideologies, Geopolitics, Diplomacy"</a>, Finland in World War II, Leiden: Brill, pp. 49–91, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20894-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20894-0"><bdi>978-90-04-20894-0</bdi></a>, retrieved 28 October 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finland+in+World+War+II&rft.atitle=Finland+and+the+Great+Powers+in+World+War+II%3A+Ideologies%2C+Geopolitics%2C+Diplomacy&rft.pages=49-91&rft.date=2012-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20894-0&rft.aulast=Meinander&rft.aufirst=Henrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchportal.helsinki.fi%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Ffinland-and-the-great-powers-in-world-war-ii-ideologies-geopoliti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antikvaari.fi/k/-/jatkosota-kronikka/000e0db4df7e793858c8882b?srsltid=AfmBOorJ21839kYfDAVATjCpS-QGIN619cRxQRPBbwI-5vENMfIpEMI0">Antikvaari - Jatkosota Kronikka</a> (in Finnish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antikvaari+-+Jatkosota+Kronikka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.antikvaari.fi%2Fk%2F-%2Fjatkosota-kronikka%2F000e0db4df7e793858c8882b%3Fsrsltid%3DAfmBOorJ21839kYfDAVATjCpS-QGIN619cRxQRPBbwI-5vENMfIpEMI0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaine1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laine, Antti (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RY5IAQAAIAAJ">Suur-Suomen kahdet kasvot: Itä-Karjalan siviiliväestön asema suomalaisessa miehityshallinnossa 1941-1944</a> (in Finnish). Otava. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-1-06946-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-1-06946-1"><bdi>978-951-1-06946-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suur-Suomen+kahdet+kasvot%3A+It%C3%A4-Karjalan+siviiliv%C3%A4est%C3%B6n+asema+suomalaisessa+miehityshallinnossa+1941-1944&rft.pub=Otava&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-951-1-06946-1&rft.aulast=Laine&rft.aufirst=Antti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRY5IAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaevuori2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raevuori, Antero (2 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seura.fi/ilmiot/historia/petroskoi-muuttui-aanislinnaksi/">"Petroskoi muuttui Äänislinnaksi"</a>. Seura.fi (in Finnish). 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Norton & Company Inc., New York. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Rich (1974), pp. 24–25, 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Welch, David (1983). Nazi Propaganda: The Power and the Limitations, p. 145. Taylor & Francis. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-389-20400-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-389-20400-5">0-389-20400-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Kroener et al. (2003), p. 165 </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Arnold Suppan: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/j.ctv8pzcrq.14.pdf">Hitler-Beneš-Tito. 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Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-01322-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-01322-9"><bdi>978-3-525-01322-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalit%C3%A4tenpolitik+in+Jugoslawien%3A+d.+deutsche+Minderheit+1918%E2%80%931978&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-3-525-01322-9&rft.aulast=Wehler&rft.aufirst=Hans-Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1GD5zrgca3YC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doku.zentrum-gegen-vertreibung.de/archiv/jugoslawien/kapitel-2-2-4-1.htm">"a) Umsiedlungspläne und -maßnahmen"</a>. doku.zentrum-gegen-vertreibung.de. 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The War Aims and Strategies of Adolf Hitler. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-2054-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-2054-5"><bdi>0-7864-2054-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+Aims+and+Strategies+of+Adolf+Hitler&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7864-2054-5&rft.aulast=Pinkus&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Padfield, Peter (1990) Himmler New York, Henry Holt. See under Rosenberg in index </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroenerMüllerUmbreit2000" class="citation book cs1">Kroener, Bernhard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (2000). Germany and the Second World War:Organization and mobilization of the German sphere of power. Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1939–1941. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822887-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822887-2"><bdi>0-19-822887-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War%3AOrganization+and+mobilization+of+the+German+sphere+of+power.+Wartime+administration%2C+economy%2C+and+manpower+resources+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-822887-2&rft.aulast=Kroener&rft.aufirst=Bernhard+R.&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Rolf-Dieter&rft.au=Umbreit%2C+Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Padfield" title="Peter Padfield">Padfield, Peter</a>, Himmler: Reichsführer-SS (Macmillan, 1990), p. 317 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008321–402-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008321–402_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, pp. 321–402. </li> <li id="cite_note-fest686-134"><a href="#cite_ref-fest686_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFest1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Fest" title="Joachim Fest">Fest, Joachim C.</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitler00joac/page/686">Hitler</a>. Verlagg Ulstein. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitler00joac/page/686">686</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-602754-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-602754-2"><bdi>0-15-602754-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler&rft.pages=686&rft.pub=Verlagg+Ulstein&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-15-602754-2&rft.aulast=Fest&rft.aufirst=Joachim+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitler00joac%2Fpage%2F686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFörster1998489-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFörster1998489_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFörster1998">Förster 1998</a>, p. 489. </li> <li id="cite_note-Burleigh-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burleigh_136-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurleigh1988" class="citation book cs1">Burleigh, Michael (1988). Germany turns eastwards: a study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich, 8:1991. CUP Archive. pp. 224–227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-35120-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-35120-0"><bdi>0-521-35120-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+turns+eastwards%3A+a+study+of+Ostforschung+in+the+Third+Reich%2C+8%3A1991&rft.pages=224-227&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-35120-0&rft.aulast=Burleigh&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRein2011" class="citation book cs1">Rein, Leonid (1 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JCbNmF3iXP0C">The Kings and the Pawns: Collaboration in Byelorussia during World War II</a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-043-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-043-2"><bdi>978-0-85745-043-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kings+and+the+Pawns%3A+Collaboration+in+Byelorussia+during+World+War+II&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.isbn=978-0-85745-043-2&rft.aulast=Rein&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJCbNmF3iXP0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-himmler-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-himmler_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-himmler_138-1">b</a> (German) Reinhard Kühnl (1978). Der deutsche Faschismus in Quellen und Dokumenten, 3rd Edition, p. 328. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ns-archiv.de/krieg/untermenschen/himmler-fremdvolk.php">Einige Gedanken über die Behandlung der Fremdvölkischen im Osten</a>. Köln. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2011267-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2011267_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2011267_139-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLongerich2011">Longerich 2011</a>, p. 267. </li> <li id="cite_note-dallin-140"><a href="#cite_ref-dallin_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallin1981" class="citation book cs1">Dallin, Alexander (1981). German rule in Russia, 1941–1945: a study of occupation policies. 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Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86531-102-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86531-102-2"><bdi>978-0-86531-102-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+rule+in+Russia%2C+1941-1945%3A+a+study+of+occupation+policies&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-86531-102-2&rft.aulast=Dallin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fulcrum.org%2Fconcern%2Fmonographs%2F8c97kq48c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirn2001" class="citation journal cs1">Birn, Ruth Bettina (July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/contemporary-european-history/article/abs/collaboration-with-nazi-germany-in-eastern-europe-the-case-of-the-estonian-security-police/D803D21E4D1E4ABF7009C3B34784B44A">"Collaboration with Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe: the Case of the Estonian Security Police"</a>. 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Belleten. 54 (210): 757–772. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.37879%2Fbelleten.1990.757">10.37879/belleten.1990.757</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-4255">0041-4255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belleten&rft.atitle=Turco-Armenian+Relations+in+the+Context+of+the+Jewish+Holocaust&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=210&rft.pages=757-772&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.37879%2Fbelleten.1990.757&rft.issn=0041-4255&rft.aulast=Sonyel&rft.aufirst=Sal%C3%A2hi+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelleten.gov.tr%2Feng%2Ffull-text%2F2161%2Feng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexievCorporation1982" class="citation book cs1">Alexiev, Alex; Corporation, Rand (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LybvAAAAMAAJ&q=Alex+Alexiev.+Soviet+nationalities+in+German+wartime+strategy,+1941-1945">Soviet Nationalities in German Wartime Strategy, 1941-1945</a>. Rand Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-0424-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-0424-6"><bdi>978-0-8330-0424-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Nationalities+in+German+Wartime+Strategy%2C+1941-1945&rft.pub=Rand+Corporation&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-0424-6&rft.aulast=Alexiev&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Corporation%2C+Rand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLybvAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DAlex%2BAlexiev.%2BSoviet%2Bnationalities%2Bin%2BGerman%2Bwartime%2Bstrategy%2C%2B1941-1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallin1981" class="citation journal cs1">Dallin, Alexander (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-03305-8">"German Rule in Russia 1941–1945"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-03305-8">10.1007/978-1-349-03305-8</a> (inactive 1 November 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=German+Rule+in+Russia+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-03305-8&rft.aulast=Dallin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-03305-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716120537/http://pizeroblog.splinder.com/post/20727704/piano-geopolitico-di-mussolini-sulla-georgia">"Piano geo-politico di Mussolini sulla Georgia | PiZeroblog"</a>. 16 July 2011. 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Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32035-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32035-0"><bdi>978-0-393-32035-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%2C+1889-1936%3A+Hubris&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32035-0&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnV-N10gyoFwC%26q%3DIan%2BKershaw%3A%2BHitler.%2B1889%25E2%2580%25931936.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_170-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3%BCcher/Angebote/titel=Deutsche+Kolonien+-+Traum+und+Trauma">""Deutsche Kolonien - Traum und Trauma" – Bücher gebraucht, antiquarisch & neu kaufen"</a>. www.booklooker.de (in German). Retrieved 19 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.booklooker.de&rft.atitle=%22Deutsche+Kolonien+-+Traum+und+Trauma%22+%E2%80%93+B%C3%BCcher+gebraucht%2C+antiquarisch+%26+neu+kaufen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.booklooker.de%2FB%25C3%25BCcher%2FAngebote%2Ftitel%3DDeutsche%2BKolonien%2B-%2BTraum%2Bund%2BTrauma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/bib41799">"Was wollte Hitler in Afrika? : NS-Planungen für eine faschistische Neugestaltung Afrikas / Kum'a Ndumbe III ; aus dem Französischen übersetzt von Sven Dörper und Petra Liesenborgs ; Bearbeitung des deutschen Manuskriptes, Richard Lakowsky"</a>. collections.ushmm.org. Retrieved 21 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collections.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=Was+wollte+Hitler+in+Afrika%3F+%3A+NS-Planungen+f%C3%BCr+eine+faschistische+Neugestaltung+Afrikas+%2F+Kum%27a+Ndumbe+III+%3B+aus+dem+Franz%C3%B6sischen+%C3%BCbersetzt+von+Sven+D%C3%B6rper+und+Petra+Liesenborgs+%3B+Bearbeitung+des+deutschen+Manuskriptes%2C+Richard+Lakowsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.ushmm.org%2Fsearch%2Fcatalog%2Fbib41799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernhard2010" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bernhard, Patrick (1 January 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9783657765478/B9783657765478-s009.xml">"Die »Kolonialachse«: Der NS-Staat und Italienisch-Afrika 1935 bis 1943"</a>, Die Achse im Krieg 1939-1945 (in German), Brill Schöningh, pp. 147–175, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-657-76547-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-657-76547-8"><bdi>978-3-657-76547-8</bdi></a>, retrieved 21 October 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Achse+im+Krieg+1939-1945&rft.atitle=Die+%C2%BBKolonialachse%C2%AB%3A+Der+NS-Staat+und+Italienisch-Afrika+1935+bis+1943&rft.pages=147-175&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-3-657-76547-8&rft.aulast=Bernhard&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9783657765478%2FB9783657765478-s009.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_173-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_173-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_173-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinne2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Linne, Karsten (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tX7wmQTunQcC">Deutschland jenseits des Äquators?: Die NS-Kolonialplanungen für Afrika</a> (in German). Ch. Links Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-500-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-500-3"><bdi>978-3-86153-500-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutschland+jenseits+des+%C3%84quators%3F%3A+Die+NS-Kolonialplanungen+f%C3%BCr+Afrika&rft.pub=Ch.+Links+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-86153-500-3&rft.aulast=Linne&rft.aufirst=Karsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtX7wmQTunQcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGröner1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gröner, Erich (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn8sAAAAYAAJ&q=Gr%C3%B6ner:+Die+deutschen+Kriegsschiffe">Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe, 1815-1945: Torpedoboote, Zerstörer, Schnellboote, Minensuchboote, Minenräumboote</a> (in German). Bernard & Graefe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7637-4801-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7637-4801-3"><bdi>978-3-7637-4801-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+deutschen+Kriegsschiffe%2C+1815-1945%3A+Torpedoboote%2C+Zerst%C3%B6rer%2C+Schnellboote%2C+Minensuchboote%2C+Minenr%C3%A4umboote&rft.pub=Bernard+%26+Graefe&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-7637-4801-3&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B6ner&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKn8sAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DGr%25C3%25B6ner%3A%2BDie%2Bdeutschen%2BKriegsschiffe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreyer1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Breyer, Siegfried (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uKqonAEACAAJ">Der Z-Plan: Streben zur Weltmachtflotte</a> (in German). Podzun-Pallas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0559-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0559-5"><bdi>978-3-7909-0559-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Z-Plan%3A+Streben+zur+Weltmachtflotte&rft.pub=Podzun-Pallas&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-3-7909-0559-5&rft.aulast=Breyer&rft.aufirst=Siegfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuKqonAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_176-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/es/title/traum-vom-reich-der-deutsche-kolonialismus-zwischen-1919-und-1945/oclc/11108207">"Der Traum vom Reich : der deutsche Kolonialismus zwischen 1919 und 1945 | WorldCat.org"</a>. search.worldcat.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.worldcat.org&rft.atitle=Der+Traum+vom+Reich+%3A+der+deutsche+Kolonialismus+zwischen+1919+und+1945+%7C+WorldCat.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Fes%2Ftitle%2Ftraum-vom-reich-der-deutsche-kolonialismus-zwischen-1919-und-1945%2Foclc%2F11108207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sehepunkte.de/2006/10/10649.html">"SEHEPUNKTE - Rezension von: Deutsche Kolonien - Ausgabe 6 (2006), Nr. 10"</a>. www.sehepunkte.de. Retrieved 19 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sehepunkte.de&rft.atitle=SEHEPUNKTE+-+Rezension+von%3A+Deutsche+Kolonien+-+Ausgabe+6+%282006%29%2C+Nr.+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sehepunkte.de%2F2006%2F10%2F10649.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteltzer1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steltzer, Hans Georg (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PgUkAAAAMAAJ">Die Deutschen und ihr Kolonialreich</a> (in German). Frankfurter Societäts-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7973-0416-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7973-0416-2"><bdi>978-3-7973-0416-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Deutschen+und+ihr+Kolonialreich&rft.pub=Frankfurter+Societ%C3%A4ts-Verlag&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-3-7973-0416-2&rft.aulast=Steltzer&rft.aufirst=Hans+Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPgUkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_179-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_179-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_179-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://3www2.de/images/stories/buch/3www2_Buch.pdf">https://3www2.de/images/stories/buch/3www2_Buch.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlinkhammerGuerrazziSchlemmer2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Klinkhammer, Lutz; Guerrazzi, Amedeo Osti; Schlemmer, Thomas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-mLBcQAACAAJ">Die "Achse" im Krieg: Politik, Ideologie und Kriegführung 1939-1945</a> (in German). Schöningh. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-506-76547-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-506-76547-5"><bdi>978-3-506-76547-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+%22Achse%22+im+Krieg%3A+Politik%2C+Ideologie+und+Kriegf%C3%BChrung+1939-1945&rft.pub=Sch%C3%B6ningh&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-506-76547-5&rft.aulast=Klinkhammer&rft.aufirst=Lutz&rft.au=Guerrazzi%2C+Amedeo+Osti&rft.au=Schlemmer%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-mLBcQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernhard2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bernhard, Patrick (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697412">"Hitler's Africa in the East: Italian Colonialism as a Model for German Planning in Eastern Europe"</a>. Journal of Contemporary History. 51 (1): 61–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022009414561825">10.1177/0022009414561825</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0094">0022-0094</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43697412">43697412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=Hitler%27s+Africa+in+the+East%3A+Italian+Colonialism+as+a+Model+for+German+Planning+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=61-90&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=0022-0094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43697412%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0022009414561825&rft.aulast=Bernhard&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43697412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intratext.com/IXT/ITA3046/_PA.HTM">"Mussolini alla conquista delle Baleari: Testo - IntraText CT"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mussolini+alla+conquista+delle+Baleari%3A+Testo+-+IntraText+CT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intratext.com%2FIXT%2FITA3046%2F_PA.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMugnaini1998" class="citation journal cs1">Mugnaini, Marco (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=147843">"Italia, Spagna e la formazione di un nuovo equilibrio mediterraneo (1923-1928)"</a>. Spagna Contemporanea (14): 53–78. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1121-7480">1121-7480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spagna+Contemporanea&rft.atitle=Italia%2C+Spagna+e+la+formazione+di+un+nuovo+equilibrio+mediterraneo+%281923-1928%29&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=53-78&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=1121-7480&rft.aulast=Mugnaini&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D147843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoradiellos2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moradiellos, Enrique (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ySdpAAAAMAAJ">La España de Franco, 1939-1975: política y sociedad</a> (in Spanish). Síntesis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7738-740-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7738-740-4"><bdi>978-84-7738-740-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Espa%C3%B1a+de+Franco%2C+1939-1975%3A+pol%C3%ADtica+y+sociedad&rft.pub=S%C3%ADntesis&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-84-7738-740-4&rft.aulast=Moradiellos&rft.aufirst=Enrique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DySdpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Payne, Stanley G. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_-Ja0AEACAAJ&q=El+primer+franquismo.+Los+a%C3%B1os+de+la+autarqu%C3%ADa.+Madrid:">El primer franquismo: los años de la autarquía</a> (in Spanish). Grupo 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7679-275-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7679-275-9"><bdi>978-84-7679-275-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+primer+franquismo%3A+los+a%C3%B1os+de+la+autarqu%C3%ADa&rft.pub=Grupo+16&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-84-7679-275-9&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_-Ja0AEACAAJ%26q%3DEl%2Bprimer%2Bfranquismo.%2BLos%2Ba%25C3%25B1os%2Bde%2Bla%2Bautarqu%25C3%25ADa.%2BMadrid%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_186-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuñer1947" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Suñer, Ramón Serrano (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v8XRvQEACAAJ">Entre Hendaya y Gibraltar: noticia y reflexión, frente a una leyenda, sobre nuestra política en dos guerras</a> (in Spanish). Ediciones y Publicaciones Españoles.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entre+Hendaya+y+Gibraltar%3A+noticia+y+reflexi%C3%B3n%2C+frente+a+una+leyenda%2C+sobre+nuestra+pol%C3%ADtica+en+dos+guerras&rft.pub=Ediciones+y+Publicaciones+Espa%C3%B1oles&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Su%C3%B1er&rft.aufirst=Ram%C3%B3n+Serrano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv8XRvQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Preston, Paul (8 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gr0x68RBh_UC">Franco: "Caudillo de España"</a> (in Spanish). Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9989-147-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9989-147-7"><bdi>978-84-9989-147-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franco%3A+%22Caudillo+de+Espa%C3%B1a%22&rft.pub=Penguin+Random+House+Grupo+Editorial+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft.isbn=978-84-9989-147-7&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgr0x68RBh_UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fernández, Luis Suárez (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCZiygAACAAJ">Franco: los años decisivos, 1931-1945</a> (in Spanish). Editorial Ariel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-344-1332-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-344-1332-0"><bdi>978-84-344-1332-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franco%3A+los+a%C3%B1os+decisivos%2C+1931-1945&rft.pub=Editorial+Ariel&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-84-344-1332-0&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Luis+Su%C3%A1rez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCZiygAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalinas2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Salinas, Alfred (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6kX6OyjcFn0C">Quand Franco réclamait Oran: l'opération Cisneros</a> (in French). L'Harmattan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-296-05686-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-296-05686-2"><bdi>978-2-296-05686-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quand+Franco+r%C3%A9clamait+Oran%3A+l%27op%C3%A9ration+Cisneros&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-2-296-05686-2&rft.aulast=Salinas&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6kX6OyjcFn0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatala1998" class="citation journal cs1">Catala, Michel (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25732483">"Vichy, Madrid Et Berlin Face a L'enjeu Nord-Africain Et a La Neutralité De La Méditerranée Occidentale Juin 1940 - Juin 1941"</a>. Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains (189): 75–93. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0984-2292">0984-2292</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25732483">25732483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guerres+Mondiales+et+Conflits+Contemporains&rft.atitle=Vichy%2C+Madrid+Et+Berlin+Face+a+L%27enjeu+Nord-Africain+Et+a+La+Neutralit%C3%A9+De+La+M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e+Occidentale+Juin+1940+-+Juin+1941&rft.issue=189&rft.pages=75-93&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25732483%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0984-2292&rft.aulast=Catala&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25732483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Padfield (1990), p. 309 </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLTO" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LTO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lto.de/recht/feuilleton/f/deutsche-kolonialrechtsplanung-194041-reise-ins-juristische-herz-der-finsternis">"Deutsche Kolonialrechtsplanung 1940/41: Reise ins juristische Herz der Finsternis"</a>. Legal Tribune Online (in German). Retrieved 17 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Tribune+Online&rft.atitle=Deutsche+Kolonialrechtsplanung+1940%2F41%3A+Reise+ins+juristische+Herz+der+Finsternis&rft.au=LTO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lto.de%2Frecht%2Ffeuilleton%2Ff%2Fdeutsche-kolonialrechtsplanung-194041-reise-ins-juristische-herz-der-finsternis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaerSchröter2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baer, Martin; Schröter, Olaf (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IBYRpD373isC">Eine Kopfjagd: Deutsche in Ostafrika : Spuren kolonialer Herrschaft</a> (in German). Ch. Links Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-248-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-248-4"><bdi>978-3-86153-248-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eine+Kopfjagd%3A+Deutsche+in+Ostafrika+%3A+Spuren+kolonialer+Herrschaft&rft.pub=Ch.+Links+Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-86153-248-4&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Schr%C3%B6ter%2C+Olaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIBYRpD373isC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewerenz2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lewerenz, Susann (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JrZxAAAAMAAJ">Die Deutsche Afrika-Schau (1935-1940): Rassismus, Kolonialrevisionismus und postkoloniale Auseinadersetzungen im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland</a> (in German). Peter Lang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-54869-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-631-54869-1"><bdi>978-3-631-54869-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Deutsche+Afrika-Schau+%281935-1940%29%3A+Rassismus%2C+Kolonialrevisionismus+und+postkoloniale+Auseinadersetzungen+im+nationalsozialistischen+Deutschland&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-631-54869-1&rft.aulast=Lewerenz&rft.aufirst=Susann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJrZxAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeydenZeller2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heyden, Ulrich van der; Zeller, Joachim (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KjYkAQAAIAAJ">Kolonialismus hierzulande: eine Spurensuche in Deutschland</a> (in German). Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86680-269-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86680-269-8"><bdi>978-3-86680-269-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kolonialismus+hierzulande%3A+eine+Spurensuche+in+Deutschland&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-86680-269-8&rft.aulast=Heyden&rft.aufirst=Ulrich+van+der&rft.au=Zeller%2C+Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKjYkAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995295-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995295_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 295. </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3%BCcher/Angebote/titel=Reichsf%C3%BChrer+Briefe+an+und+von+Himmler">""Reichsführer Briefe an und von Himmler" – Bücher gebraucht, antiquarisch & neu kaufen"</a>. www.booklooker.de (in German). Retrieved 21 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.booklooker.de&rft.atitle=%22Reichsf%C3%BChrer+Briefe+an+und+von+Himmler%22+%E2%80%93+B%C3%BCcher+gebraucht%2C+antiquarisch+%26+neu+kaufen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.booklooker.de%2FB%25C3%25BCcher%2FAngebote%2Ftitel%3DReichsf%25C3%25BChrer%2BBriefe%2Ban%2Bund%2Bvon%2BHimmler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rich500501-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rich500501_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rich500501_198-1">b</a> Rich (1974), pp. 500–501. </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorodetskyGôrôdeṣqî1999" class="citation book cs1">Gorodetsky, Gabriel; Gôrôdeṣqî, Gavrî'ēl (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OPGuQgAACAAJ">Grand Delusion: Stalin and the German Invasion of Russia</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07792-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07792-6"><bdi>978-0-300-07792-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grand+Delusion%3A+Stalin+and+the+German+Invasion+of+Russia&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07792-6&rft.aulast=Gorodetsky&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.au=G%C3%B4r%C3%B4de%E1%B9%A3q%C3%AE%2C+Gavr%C3%AE%27%C4%93l&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOPGuQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNekrich1997" class="citation journal cs1">Nekrich, A. M. (Aleksandr Moiseevich) (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130282269346350336">"Pariahs, partners, predators : German-Soviet relations, 1922-1941"</a>. (No Title).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%28No+Title%29&rft.atitle=Pariahs%2C+partners%2C+predators+%3A+German-Soviet+relations%2C+1922-1941&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Nekrich&rft.aufirst=A.+M.+%28Aleksandr+Moiseevich%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcir.nii.ac.jp%2Fcrid%2F1130282269346350336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirer1990" class="citation book cs1">Shirer, William L. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8svb-MNUwC">Rise And Fall Of The Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-72868-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-72868-7"><bdi>978-0-671-72868-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+And+Fall+Of+The+Third+Reich%3A+A+History+of+Nazi+Germany&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-671-72868-7&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsY8svb-MNUwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaldsonNogeeNadkarni2014" class="citation book cs1">Donaldson, Robert H.; Nogee, Joseph L.; Nadkarni, Vidya (15 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4AopAwAAQBAJ">The Foreign Policy of Russia: Changing Systems, Enduring Interests</a>. 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HMH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-547-84056-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-547-84056-7"><bdi>978-0-547-84056-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Ally%3A+China%27s+World+War+II%2C+1937%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=HMH&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.isbn=978-0-547-84056-7&rft.aulast=Mitter&rft.aufirst=Rana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBqc_YkuyaCIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-214">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_214-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_214-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_214-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg2005" class="citation book cs1">Weinberg, Gerhard L. 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Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven" class="mw-redirect" title="New Haven">New Haven</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. 15–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30-016805-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30-016805-1"><bdi>978-0-30-016805-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1npq5k">j.ctt1npq5k</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152671129">152671129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazi+Propaganda+for+the+Arab+World&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=15-16&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152671129%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1npq5k%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-30-016805-1&rft.aulast=Herf&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> "Blitzkrieg to Defeat: Hitler's War Directives, 1939–1945" edited with an Introduction and Commentary by H. R. Trevor-Roper (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1964), pp. 80–81. </li> <li id="cite_note-Iran-271">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Iran_271-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Iran_271-1">b</a> Hiro, Dilip. Iran under the ayatollahs. Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc., p. 296. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NCwOAAAAQAAJ&q=hitler">[7]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-iranetymology-272"><a href="#cite_ref-iranetymology_272-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran#Name" title="Iran">Iran's etymology</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlireza_Asgharzadeh" class="citation book cs1">Alireza Asgharzadeh. Iran and the Challenge of Diversity: Islamic Fundamentalism, Aryanist Racism, and Democratic Struggles. pp. 91–94. <q>The Nazis found a favorable climate amongst the Iranian elite to spread fascistic and racist propaganda. The Nazi propaganda machine advocated the (supposedly) common Aryan ancestry of "the two Nations." In order to further cultivate racist tendencies, in 1936 the Reich Cabinet issued a special decree exempting Iranians from the restrictions of the Nuremberg Racial Laws on the grounds that they were 'pure-blooded' Aryans ... In various pro-Nazi publications, lectures, speeches, and ceremonies, parallels were drawn among Reza Shah, Hitler, and Mussolini to emphasize the charismatic resemblance among these leaders.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+and+the+Challenge+of+Diversity%3A+Islamic+Fundamentalism%2C+Aryanist+Racism%2C+and+Democratic+Struggles&rft.pages=91-94&rft.au=Alireza+Asgharzadeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> Lenczowski. 1944, p. 161 </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-275">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_275-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_275-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_275-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_275-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://escholarship.org/content/qt82g755t6/qt82g755t6_noSplash_96e86923097cc5c83cd4d2c14fcb1688.pdf?t=oeiqba">https://escholarship.org/content/qt82g755t6/qt82g755t6_noSplash_96e86923097cc5c83cd4d2c14fcb1688.pdf?t=oeiqba</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs">bare URL</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cipgs.princeton.edu/events/iran-nazi-new-order-1933-1941">"Iran in the Nazi New Order, 1933–1941"</a>. Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sharmin+and+Bijan+Mossavar-Rahmani+Center+for+Iran+and+Persian+Gulf+Studies&rft.atitle=Iran+in+the+Nazi+New+Order%2C+1933%E2%80%931941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcipgs.princeton.edu%2Fevents%2Firan-nazi-new-order-1933-1941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://associationforiranianstudies.org/content/iran-nazi-new-order-1934-1941">"Iran in the Nazi New Order, 1934–1941 | Association for Iranian Studies (AIS) | انجمن ایران‌ پژوهی"</a>. associationforiranianstudies.org. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=associationforiranianstudies.org&rft.atitle=Iran+in+the+Nazi+New+Order%2C+1934%E2%80%931941+%7C+Association+for+Iranian+Studies+%28AIS%29+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C+%D9%BE%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassociationforiranianstudies.org%2Fcontent%2Firan-nazi-new-order-1934-1941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> Lenczowski. 1944, pág. 161 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995162-279">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995162_279-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995162_279-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995164-280">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995164_280-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995164_280-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995165-281"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995165_281-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plam.ru/hist/afganskaja_voina_stalina_bitva_za_centralnuyu_aziyu/p34.php">"Глава 33 Крах операции "Пожиратель огня" / Афганская война Сталина. 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Litres. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-457-19262-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-457-19262-1"><bdi>978-5-457-19262-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0.+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%85%D0%B0.+1933-1945&rft.pub=Litres&rft.date=2012-09-05&rft.isbn=978-5-457-19262-1&rft.aulast=%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD&rft.aufirst=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt2gxtYoqpc8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995163-284">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995163_284-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995163_284-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 163. </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410165101/http://indbooks.in/mirror3.ru/?p=555620">"РЕЗИДЕНТ АБВЕРА — Читать онлайн на Indbooks"</a>. 10 April 2019. 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Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14090-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14090-3"><bdi>978-0-300-14090-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nazis%2C+Islamists%2C+and+the+Making+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14090-3&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=Schwanitz%2C+Wolfgang+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUHe9AgAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522September%2B1941%2BKilligil%2Boffered%2Bto%2Borganize%2522%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodrick-Clarke-287">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goodrick-Clarke_287-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodrick-Clarke_287-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodrick-Clarke_287-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodrick-Clarke_287-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodrick-Clarke_287-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodrick-Clarke_287-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2000" class="citation book cs1">Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas (2000). 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Verlag Hans Schiler. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89930-064-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-89930-064-5"><bdi>3-89930-064-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subhas+Chandra+Bose+und+die+Indienpolitik+der+Achsenm%C3%A4chte&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Verlag+Hans+Schiler&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-89930-064-5&rft.aulast=Kuhlmann&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995607-292"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995607_292-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 607. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995608-293"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995608_293-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 608. </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> Goodrick-Clarke (2000), p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-gertz65-295">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gertz65_295-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gertz65_295-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gertz65_295-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGetz2002" class="citation book cs1">Getz, Marshall J. (2002). Subhas Chandra Bose: a biography. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1265-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1265-8"><bdi>0-7864-1265-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subhas+Chandra+Bose%3A+a+biography&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7864-1265-8&rft.aulast=Getz&rft.aufirst=Marshall+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osborne2001-296"><a href="#cite_ref-Osborne2001_296-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2001" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, Richard E. (2001). World War II in Colonial Africa. Riebel-Roque Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780962832451" title="Special:BookSources/9780962832451"><bdi>9780962832451</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+in+Colonial+Africa&rft.pub=Riebel-Roque+Pub.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780962832451&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> Weinberg (2005), p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> Rich 1972, pp. 237–246. </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jUwEAAAAMBAJ&q=hitler+moon&pg=PA2">"Hitler on Americas", Life, 9 June 1941</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180525152841/http://www.traces.org/americanbund.html">"American Bund: The Failure of American Nazism: The German-American Bund's Attempt to Create an American "Fifth Column""</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.traces.org/americanbund.html">the original</a> on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Bund%3A+The+Failure+of+American+Nazism%3A+The+German-American+Bund%27s+Attempt+to+Create+an+American+%22Fifth+Column%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.traces.org%2Famericanbund.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-franco-301"><a href="#cite_ref-franco_301-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranco1999" class="citation book cs1">Franco, Jere Bishop (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bR0ilvFYAHEC&q=goebbels+sioux&pg=PA21">Crossing the pond: the native American effort in World War II</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Texas_Press" title="University of North Texas Press">University of North Texas Press</a>. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57441-065-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57441-065-2"><bdi>1-57441-065-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossing+the+pond%3A+the+native+American+effort+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=University+of+North+Texas+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-57441-065-2&rft.aulast=Franco&rft.aufirst=Jere+Bishop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbR0ilvFYAHEC%26q%3Dgoebbels%2Bsioux%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AM006.html">"American Indian Federation" at the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101018195527/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AM006.html">Archived</a> October 18, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1999" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Alison R. (1999). American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806131849" title="Special:BookSources/9780806131849"><bdi>9780806131849</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Indians+and+World+War+II%3A+Toward+a+New+Era+in+Indian+Affairs&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780806131849&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Alison+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalloway,_Gemünden,_Zantop2002" class="citation book cs1">Calloway, Gemünden, Zantop, Colin Gordon, Gerd, Susanne (2002). Germans and Indians: Fantasies, Encounters, Projections. University of Nebraska Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803205840" title="Special:BookSources/9780803205840"><bdi>9780803205840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germans+and+Indians%3A+Fantasies%2C+Encounters%2C+Projections&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780803205840&rft.aulast=Calloway%2C+Gem%C3%BCnden%2C+Zantop&rft.aufirst=Colin+Gordon%2C+Gerd%2C+Susanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-305"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_305-0">^</a> Jere Bishop Franco's Crossing the Pond: The Native American Effort in World War II. (1999). </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> Grafton, Anthony, "Mein Buch", The New Republic, December 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> Kenneth Townsend. World War II and the American Indian. University of New Mexico Press, 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> Himmler, Heinrich (1944). Amerikanismus eine Weltgefahr (in German). SS Hauptamt. </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7173&context=lawreview">"Nazi Germany's Race Laws, the United States, and American Indians"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nazi+Germany%27s+Race+Laws%2C+the+United+States%2C+and+American+Indians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.stjohns.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D7173%26context%3Dlawreview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger" class="citation web cs1">Berger, Knute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crosscut.com/2016/12/native-american-nazi-chief-red-cloud-elwood-tanner">"The strange case of the Northwest's Native American Nazi | Crosscut"</a>. crosscut.com. Retrieved 14 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=crosscut.com&rft.atitle=The+strange+case+of+the+Northwest%27s+Native+American+Nazi+%7C+Crosscut&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Knute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrosscut.com%2F2016%2F12%2Fnative-american-nazi-chief-red-cloud-elwood-tanner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> Speech by FDR to the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents' Association</a> on U.S. involvement in the war in Europe <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrwarineurope.htm">[8]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> Hitler (2000) p. 188 </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> Hitler (2000) p. 282 </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2004" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, James P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780275966843/page/16">Target America: Hitler's plan to attack the United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780275966843/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-96684-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-96684-4"><bdi>0-275-96684-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Target+America%3A+Hitler%27s+plan+to+attack+the+United+States&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-275-96684-4&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780275966843%2Fpage%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weinberg16-315">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weinberg16_315-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-weinberg16_315-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg1981" class="citation book cs1">Weinberg, Gerhard L. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldinbalancebe00wein">World In The Balance: Behind the Scenes of World War II</a>. University Press of New England. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldinbalancebe00wein/page/89">89–90</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87451-216-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87451-216-6"><bdi>0-87451-216-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+In+The+Balance%3A+Behind+the+Scenes+of+World+War+II&rft.pages=89-90&rft.pub=University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-87451-216-6&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.aufirst=Gerhard+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldinbalancebe00wein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995211-316"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995211_316-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 211. </li> <li id="cite_note-hildberand-317">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hildberand_317-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hildberand_317-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrand1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hildebrand" title="Klaus Hildebrand">Hildebrand, Klaus</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyoft0000hild">The Foreign Policy of the Third Reich</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyoft0000hild/page/100">100–105</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-02528-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-02528-8"><bdi>0-520-02528-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.pages=100-105&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-520-02528-8&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforeignpolicyoft0000hild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> Duffy (2004), p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> Duffy, James P. Target America: "Hitler's Plan to Attack the United States". The Lyons Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-934-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59228-934-9">978-1-59228-934-9</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995632-320"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995632_320-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 632. </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> Hitler (2000) p. 14 </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> Hitler (2000) p. 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> Stoakes, Geoffrey (1986). Hitler and the Quest for World Dominion. Berg, pp. 221–222. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aAufAAAAIAAJ&q=stufenplan+hitler">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> Weinberg 2005, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Frank Capra (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630072318/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS8NavhYDzY">Why We Fight – The Nazis Strike</a> (YouTube). Public Domain Free Movies. Event occurs at 3:15 to 6:58. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pS8NavhYDzY">the original</a> (YouTube) on 30 June 2014. 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Scribd. 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CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4927-0689-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4927-0689-2"><bdi>978-1-4927-0689-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Occult+Nazi+Germany%3A+The+Roots+of+Nazi+Mysticism%2C+the+Nazi+Doctors%27+Science%2C+the+Religion+of+the+SS%2C+Nazi+Fiction+and+Facts+about+the+4th+Reich+and+Nazi+Hunters+of+Forces+from+Beyond&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2013-09-13&rft.isbn=978-1-4927-0689-2&rft.aulast=Walzen&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CSpvAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-368"><a href="#cite_ref-368">^</a> Rich, Norman (1973). Hitler's War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State, and the Course of Expansion, 224. W. W. Norton & Company, New York. </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a> Weinberg (2005), p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Echternkamp" title="Jörg Echternkamp">Echternkamp, Jörg</a>. ed. Germany and the Second World War Volume IX/I: German Wartime Society 1939–1945: Politicization, Disintegration, and the Struggle for Survival (2008). p. 331 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995636-371"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStegemannVogel1995636_371-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStegemannVogel1995">Stegemann & Vogel 1995</a>, p. 636. </li> <li id="cite_note-kiernan-372">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kiernan_372-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kiernan_372-1">b</a> Ben Kiernan (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326/page/455">Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur</a>, Yale University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10098-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10098-1">0-300-10098-1</a>, p. 455 </li> <li id="cite_note-rich4-373">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rich4_373-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rich4_373-1">b</a> Rich (1974), p. 415. </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324104242/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/SS2.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ess.uwe.ac.uk%2Fgenocide%2FSS2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324104255/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/SS3.htm">"Himmler Speech at Kharkow, April 1943"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/SS3.htm">the original</a> on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Himmler+Speech+at+Kharkow%2C+April+1943&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ess.uwe.ac.uk%2Fgenocide%2FSS3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinberg3-376">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg3_376-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg3_376-1">b</a> Weinberg 2005, p. 35. </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorril2002" class="citation book cs1">Dorril, Stephen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_bV5ncXNke4C">MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty's Secret Intelligence Service</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1778-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1778-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-1778-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MI6%3A+Inside+the+Covert+World+of+Her+Majesty%27s+Secret+Intelligence+Service&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1778-1&rft.aulast=Dorril&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_bV5ncXNke4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinberg4-378">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg4_378-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weinberg4_378-1">b</a> Weinberg 2005, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_C._Fest" class="mw-redirect" title="Joachim C. Fest">Joachim C. Fest</a> (2005). Inside Hitler's Bunker: The Last Days of the Third Reich. Margot Bettauer Dembo. </li> <li id="cite_note-380"><a href="#cite_ref-380">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazower2008" class="citation book cs1">Mazower, Mark (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c2U4LQAACAAJ">Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe</a>. Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-188-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-188-2"><bdi>978-1-59420-188-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Empire%3A+How+the+Nazis+Ruled+Europe&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-188-2&rft.aulast=Mazower&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc2U4LQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Primary sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoebbels1970" class="citation book cs1">Goebbels, Joseph (1970). The Goebbels Diaries, 1942–1943. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. p. 591. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-3815-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8371-3815-2"><bdi>978-0-8371-3815-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goebbels+Diaries%2C+1942%E2%80%931943&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=591&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-8371-3815-2&rft.aulast=Goebbels&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Himmler, Heinreich, <a href="/wiki/Posen_speeches" title="Posen speeches">Posen speeches</a> (4 and 6 October 1943).</li> <li>Hitler, Adolf, <a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a> (1925).</li> <li>Roosevelt, Franklin D., On U.S. Involvement in the War in Europe (15 March 1941); Navy Day Annapolis speech (27 October 1941).</li> <li>Rosenberg, Alfred <a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts</a> ["The Myth of the 20th Century"], 1930.</li> <li>Rosenberg, Alfred, Krisis und Neubau Europas (1934). Berlin.</li> <li>Rosenberg, Alfred, personal diary.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2008" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Richard J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdreichatwar00evan_0">The Third Reich at war</a>. Internet Archive. Penguin Press. pp. 321–402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-206-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-206-3"><bdi>978-1-59420-206-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+at+war&rft.pages=321-402&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59420-206-3&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdreichatwar00evan_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFörster1998" class="citation book cs1">Förster, Jürgen (1998). "Operation Barbarossa as a War of Conquest and Annihilation". In Boog, Horst; <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_F%C3%B6rster" title="Jürgen Förster">Förster, Jürgen</a>; Hoffmann, Joachim; Klink, Ernst; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Ueberschär, Gerd R. (eds.). The Attack on the Soviet Union. <a href="/wiki/Germany_and_the_Second_World_War" title="Germany and the Second World War">Germany and the Second World War</a>. Vol. IV. Translated by McMurry, Dean S.; Osers, Ewald; Willmot, Louise. Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (<a href="/wiki/Military_History_Research_Office_(Germany)" title="Military History Research Office (Germany)">Military History Research Office (Germany)</a>). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 481–521. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822886-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822886-4"><bdi>0-19-822886-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Operation+Barbarossa+as+a+War+of+Conquest+and+Annihilation&rft.btitle=The+Attack+on+the+Soviet+Union&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=481-521&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-822886-4&rft.aulast=F%C3%B6rster&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStegemannVogel1995" class="citation book cs1">Stegemann, Bernd; Vogel, Detlef (1995). Germany and the Second World War: The Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa, 1939–1941. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822884-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822884-8"><bdi>0-19-822884-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War%3A+The+Mediterranean%2C+South-East+Europe%2C+and+North+Africa%2C+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-822884-8&rft.aulast=Stegemann&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rft.au=Vogel%2C+Detlef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2011" class="citation book cs1">Longerich, Peter (2011). Heinrich Himmler. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161989-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161989-2"><bdi>978-0-19-161989-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heinrich+Himmler&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161989-2&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Order+%28Nazism%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Order_(Nazism)&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Fritz, Stephen G. Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East (2011)</li> <li>Lund, Joachim. "Denmark and the 'European New Order', 1940–1942," Contemporary European History, (2004) 13#3 pp 305–321,</li> <li>Mazower, Mark. Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe (2009)</li> <li>Mazower, Mark. "Hitler's New Order, 1939–45," Diplomacy and Statecraft (1996) 3#1 pp 29–53,</li> <li>Snyder, Timothy. Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (2010)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Doctors%27_League" title="National Socialist German Doctors' League">NSDÄB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">NSDStB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">NSRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">NSFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">NSKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Women%27s_League" title="National Socialist Women's League">NSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi media organizations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalsozialistische_Monatshefte" title="Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte">Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS-Frauen-Warte" title="NS-Frauen-Warte">NS-Frauen-Warte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a> (SD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a> (SA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Gefolge_(Women%27s_SS_Division)" title="SS-Gefolge (Women's SS Division)">SS Gefolge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany#History" title="Nazi Germany">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_timeline_of_Nazism" title="Early timeline of Nazism">Early timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Program" title="National Socialist Program">National Socialist Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Hitler's rise to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_rise_to_power#Seizure_of_control_(1931–1933)" title="Adolf Hitler's rise to power">Machtergreifung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchenkampf" title="Kirchenkampf">Kirchenkampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Adolf Hitler's cult of personality">Adolf Hitler's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_rallies" title="Nuremberg rallies">Nuremberg rallies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%931939_German_expedition_to_Tibet" title="1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet">1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li> <a href="/wiki/Final_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Final solution">Final solution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">Deportations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_Trial" title="Doctors' Trial">Doctors' Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_ghettos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi ghettos">Ghettos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">Labour camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation#Germany" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazism#Ideology_and_programme" title="Nazism">Ideology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Socialism_and_communism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology#Liberalism" title="Fascism and ideology">Anti-liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolchsto%C3%9Flegende" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolchstoßlegende">Dolchstoßlegende</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">International Jewry</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism" title="Jewish Bolshevism">Judeo-Bolshevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrerprinzip" title="Führerprinzip">Führerprinzip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geopolitik" title="Geopolitik">Geopolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="German imperialism">Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_militarism" title="German militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li>New Order</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussianism" title="Prussianism">Prussianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_policy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Racial policy of Nazi Germany">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race#Nazism_and_Neo-Nazism" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_race" title="Master race">Master race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Indo-Germanic_People#The_Third_Reich,_successor_of_the_Indogermans" title="Nordic Indo-Germanic People">Nordic Indo-Germanic people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">Rassenschande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untermenschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Untermenschen">Untermenschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_equality" title="Völkisch equality">Völkisch equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk_ohne_Raum" title="Volk ohne Raum">Volk ohne Raum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksk%C3%B6rper" title="Volkskörper">Volkskörper</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Politicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4the_Bierbaumer" title="Käthe Bierbaumer">Bierbaumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Bloem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Daluege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Dönitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Drexler" title="Anton Drexler">Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Eichmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Esser" title="Hermann Esser">Esser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Keller" title="Carlos Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Lutze" title="Viktor Lutze">Lutze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling#Head_of_the_government" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Röhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht#Involvement_with_the_NSDAP_(Nazi_Party)_and_government" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Schacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">von Schirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrud_Scholtz-Klink" title="Gertrud Scholtz-Klink">Scholtz-Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazis" title="Category:Nazis">Ideologues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li>Pre-Machtergreifung <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt" title="Ernst Moritz Arndt">Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile-Louis_Burnouf" title="Émile-Louis Burnouf">Burnouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Drumont" title="Édouard Drumont">Drumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Eckart" title="Dietrich Eckart">Eckart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fritsch" title="Theodor Fritsch">Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Grant" title="Madison Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Lanz_von_Liebenfels" title="Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels">von Liebenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_von_List" title="Guido von List">von List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_L%C3%B6ns#Reception_in_National_Socialist_Germany" title="Hermann Löns">Löns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Lueger" title="Karl Lueger">Lueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marr" title="Wilhelm Marr">Marr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche#Nietzsche_and_fascism" title="Influence and reception of Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ratzel#Writings" title="Friedrich Ratzel">Ratzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Heinrich_Riehl" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl">Riehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin#Politics_and_critique_of_political_economy" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner#Views" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a></li></ul></li> <ul><li>Post-Machtergreifung <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Anacker" title="Heinrich Anacker">Anacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)" title="Ernst Bergmann (philosopher)">Bergmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Ingemar_Berndt" title="Alfred-Ingemar Berndt">Berndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Eggers" title="Kurt Eggers">Eggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Eichrodt" title="Walther Eichrodt">Eichrodt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford#Antisemitism_and_The_Dearborn_Independent" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Grimm" title="Hans Grimm">Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Wilhelm_Hauer" title="Jakob Wilhelm Hauer">Hauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Haushofer" title="Karl Haushofer">Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Heidegger</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willibald_Hentschel" title="Willibald Hentschel">Hentschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hoche" title="Alfred Hoche">Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Ties_with_the_Axis_Powers_during_World_War_II" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jung" title="Rudolf Jung">Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krannhals" title="Paul Krannhals">Krannhals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krieck" title="Ernst Krieck">Kriek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh#Antisemitism_and_views_on_race" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BCller" title="Ludwig Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Plenge" title="Johann Plenge">Plenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Rahn" title="Otto Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Ernst Schäfer">Schäfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Schmalenbach" title="Herman Schmalenbach">Schmalenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a> (Contentious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Sebottendorf" title="Rudolf von Sebottendorf">von Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schwarz_(philosopher)" title="Hermann Schwarz (philosopher)">Schwarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Stapel" title="Wilhelm Stapel">Stapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giselher_Wirsing" title="Giselher Wirsing">Wirsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Zimmermann" title="Ferdinand Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_war_crimes" title="Category:Nazi war crimes">Atrocities and war crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Action T4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_human_experimentation" title="Nazi human experimentation">Human experimentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani genocide">Romani genocide</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas" title="Nazism in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Brazil" title="Nazism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Chile" title="Nazism in Chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazism_in_Greece" title="Template:Nazism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden" title="Nazism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_parties" title="Category:Nazi parties">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling (Norway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Bibliography of Adolf Hitler">Bibliography of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">NSDAP leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazis" title="List of Nazis">Nazi Party members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_people_suspected_of_participation_in_Nazi_war_crimes" title="List of last surviving people suspected of participation in Nazi war crimes">Last surviving war crime suspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Party ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches given by Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Role and impact in German society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_the_Wehrmacht" title="Nazism and the Wehrmacht">The Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_German_nobility_in_the_Nazi_Party" title="Former German nobility in the Nazi Party">Nobility</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevist_League#Historical_interpretation" title="Anti-Bolshevist League">Anti-Bolshevist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1zism" title="Atsızism">Atsızism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beefsteak_Nazi" title="Beefsteak Nazi">Beefsteak Nazi</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Economy of Nazi Germany">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denordification" title="Denordification">Denordification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renordification" title="Renordification">Renordification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst-Wessel-Lied" title="Horst-Wessel-Lied">Horst-Wessel-Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Political views of Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom">Nazi propaganda and the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Racial theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nazism" title="Category:Nazism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fascism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fascism" title="Template:Fascism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fascism" title="Template talk:Fascism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fascism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fascism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Themes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Themes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism#Core_tenets" title="Fascism">Core tenets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actual_idealism" title="Actual idealism">Actual idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism#Fascism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nation" title="Bourgeois nation">Anti-materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Criticism" title="Pacifism">Anti-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_capitalism" title="Heroic capitalism">Heroic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_rationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of rationalism">Irrationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">Machismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_of_masculinity_under_fascist_Italy" title="Model of masculinity under fascist Italy">Masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)#Fascist" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">One-party state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_modernism" title="Reactionary modernism">Reactionary modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism#Nazism,_eugenics,_fascism,_imperialism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interventionism" title="Social interventionism">Social interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercapitalism" title="Supercapitalism">Supercapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism" title="Definitions of fascism">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_of_fascism" title="Economics of fascism">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology" title="Fascism and ideology">Fascism and ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">Fascism worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_symbolism" title="Fascist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Variants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_fascism" title="Arab fascism">Arab</a></li> <li>Argentine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo" title="Nacionalismo">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Peronism" title="Orthodox Peronism">Orthodox Peronism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrofascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera#Views" title="Stepan Bandera">Banderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_fascism" title="British fascism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union#Ideology" title="National Synarchist Union">Mexican synarchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucian_fascism" title="Confucian fascism">Confucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-fascism" title="Crypto-fascism">Crypto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="French fascism">French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party#Ideology_and_fascism_of_PPF" title="French Popular Party">Doriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Pétainism</a> <ul><li>Neo-Pétainism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation#Ideology" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise#Ideology" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau#Valois's_version_of_fascism" title="Le Faisceau">Valoisism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party#Ideology" title="Arrow Cross Party">Hungarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe#Ideology" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofascism" title="Islamofascism">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intransigent_fascism" title="Intransigent fascism">Intransigent</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japanese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Restoration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fascism" title="Jewish fascism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia#Korean_Peninsula" title="Fascism in Asia">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">Nyulaiteu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">LaRoucheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%93rkonkrusts#Principles_and_ideology" title="Pērkonkrusts">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Mystical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Nazism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric Nazism">Esoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_views_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Political views of Adolf Hitler">Hitlerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia#Ideology" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasserism" title="Strasserism">Strasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_in_Sweden#Ideology" title="Nazism in Sweden">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Black_Movement#Ideology" title="Blue-and-Black Movement">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">NRx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Lights_Doctrine" title="Nine Lights Doctrine">Pan-Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party#Ideology" title="Rexist Party">Rexism</a></li> <li>Romanian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Legionarism" title="Neo-Legionarism">Neo-Legionarism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism#Ideology" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Romanianism/Stelism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism#Eurasianism_as_ideology" title="Eurasianism">Neo-Eurasianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_syndicalism" title="Fascist syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party#Ideology" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno-fascism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Positionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">National-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Uruguayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Marzism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Marzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Uruguay#Uruguayan_revisionism" title="Fascism in Uruguay">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosism" title="Sosism">Sosism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e#Ideology" title="Ustaše">Ustašism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Movements</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Association_of_the_Lictor" title="Muslim Association of the Lictor">Muslim Association of the Lictor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossewabrandwag" title="Ossewabrandwag">Ossewabrandwag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Egypt_Party_(1933)" title="Young Egypt Party (1933)">Young Egypt Party (1933)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Asia" title="Fascism in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muthanna_Club" title="Al-Muthanna Club">Al-Muthanna Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_Party" title="Aria Party">Aria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Democrat_Party" title="Azerbaijan National Democrat Party">Azerbaijan National Democrat Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Party" title="Azure Party">Azure Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Dragon_Society" title="Black Dragon Society">Black Dragon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_HaBirionim" title="Brit HaBirionim">Brit HaBirionim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Association" title="Concordia Association">Concordia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran-e-No_Party" title="Iran-e-No Party">Iran-e-No Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Front" title="Jewish National Front">Jewish National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenkokukai" title="Kenkokukai">Kenkokukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokumin_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Kokumin Dōmei">Kokumin Dōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Nationalist_Party" title="Korea Nationalist Party">Korea Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party (South Korea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasyonal_Aktivite_ve_Zinde_%C4%B0nki%C5%9Faf" title="Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf">Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_Association" title="National Socialism Association">National Socialism Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Japanese_Workers%27_Party" title="National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party">National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Task_Party" title="Nationalist Task Party">Nationalist Task Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Will_Party" title="National Will Party">National Will Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_of_Iran" title="Nation Party of Iran">Nation Party of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranist_Party" title="Pan-Iranist Party">Pan-Iranist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Arab_Party" title="Palestine Arab Party">Palestine Arab Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_36" title="Patrol 36">Patrol 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Iran)" title="Progress Party (Iran)">Progress Party (Iran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Falange" title="Philippine Falange">Philippine Falange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastakhiz_Party" title="Rastakhiz Party">Rastakhiz Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastriya_Prajatantra_Party" title="Rastriya Prajatantra Party">Rastriya Prajatantra Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Gau_Raksha_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal">Bharatiya Gau Raksha Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Kisan_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Kisan Sangh">Bharatiya Kisan Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Mazdoor_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh">Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Vikas_Parishad" title="Bharat Vikas Parishad">Bharat Vikas Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekal_Vidyalaya" title="Ekal Vidyalaya">Ekal Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Makkal_Katchi" title="Hindu Makkal Katchi">Hindu Makkal Katchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh">Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Praja_Parishad" title="Jammu Praja Parishad">Jammu Praja Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Rashtriya_Manch" title="Muslim Rashtriya Manch">Muslim Rashtriya Manch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Janmabhoomi_Nyas" title="Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas">Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtra_Sevika_Samiti" title="Rashtra Sevika Samiti">Rashtra Sevika Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sikh_Sangat" title="Rashtriya Sikh Sangat">Rashtriya Sikh Sangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Itihas_Sankalan_Yojana" title="Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana">Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Bharati" title="Seva Bharati">Seva Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Bharati" title="Vidya Bharati">Vidya Bharati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanavasi_Kalyan_Ashram" title="Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram">Vanavasi Kalyan Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Vahini" title="Durga Vahini">Durga Vahini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUMKA" title="SUMKA">SUMKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Khas" title="Tsagaan Khas">Tsagaan Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Union_Party_(Northern_Cyprus)" title="Turkish Union Party (Northern Cyprus)">Turkish Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuomintang_(Wang_Jingwei)" title="Kuomintang (Wang Jingwei)">Wang Jingwei Kuomintang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Northern / Northwestern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Karelia_Society" title="Academic Karelia Society">Academic Karelia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Ailtirí na hAiséirghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonome_Nationalisten" title="Autonome Nationalisten">Autonome Nationalisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bases_Aut%C3%B3nomas" title="Bases Autónomas">Bases Autónomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front_(Netherlands)" title="Black Front (Netherlands)">Black Front (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Social-National_Workers%27_Movement" title="Breton Social-National Workers' Movement">Breton Social-National Workers' Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascists" title="British Fascists">British Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(1939)" title="British People's Party (1939)">British People's Party (1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cagoule" title="La Cagoule">La Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Casuals United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_%2786" title="Centre Party '86">Centre Party '86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_People%27s_Party" title="Clerical People's Party">Clerical People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Fascist_Union" title="Dutch Fascist Union">Dutch Fascist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau" title="Le Faisceau">Le Faisceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_d%27action_nationale_et_europ%C3%A9enne" title="Fédération d'action nationale et européenne">Fédération d'action nationale et européenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_National_Socialist_Labor_Organisation" title="Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation">Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_People%27s_Organisation" title="Finnish People's Organisation">Finnish People's Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish-Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party">Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlaamsch_Nationaal_Verbond" title="Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond">Flemish National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_National-Collectivist_Party" title="French National-Collectivist Party">French National-Collectivist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="French Nationalist Party">French Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Popular_Party" title="French Popular Party">French Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dutch_Fascist_League" title="General Dutch Fascist League">General Dutch Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_Collaboration" title="Groupe Collaboration">Groupe Collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_Front" title="Heathen Front">Heathen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeune_Nation" title="Jeune Nation">Jeune Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalli_Alliance_of_Finland" title="Lalli Alliance of Finland">Lalli Alliance of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapua_Movement" title="Lapua Movement">Lapua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_d%27Action_Civique" title="Mouvement d'Action Civique">Mouvement d'Action Civique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste" title="Mouvement Franciste">Mouvement Franciste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Sweden)" title="National Alliance (Sweden)">National Alliance (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Sweden" title="National League of Sweden">National League of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_(Iceland)" title="Nationalist Party (Iceland)">Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Rally" title="National Popular Rally">National Popular Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Bloc" title="National Socialist Bloc">National Socialist Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Dutch_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Dutch Workers Party">National Socialist Dutch Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Front" title="National Socialist Front">National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Norway" title="National Socialist Movement of Norway">National Socialist Movement of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Union_of_Finland" title="National Socialist Union of Finland">National Socialist Union of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Sweden)" title="National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)">National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialists_of_Finland" title="National Socialists of Finland">National Socialists of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Syndicalists_(Portugal)" title="National Syndicalists (Portugal)">National Syndicalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Netherlands)" title="National Union (Netherlands)">National Union (Netherlands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Portugal)" title="National Union (Portugal)">National Union (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(UK)" title="New Party (UK)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nordic_Realm_Party" title="The Nordic Realm Party">The Nordic Realm Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Resistance_Movement" title="Nordic Resistance Movement">Nordic Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern League (United Kingdom)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Defence_League#Norwegian_Defence_League" title="European Defence League">Norwegian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C5%92uvre_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="L'Œuvre Française">L'Œuvre Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Flemish_Militants" title="Order of Flemish Militants">Order of Flemish Militants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_National_Socialists" title="Organisation of National Socialists">Organisation of National Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Communautaire_National-Europ%C3%A9en" title="Parti Communautaire National-Européen">Parti Communautaire National-Européen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Finnish_Labor" title="Party of Finnish Labor">Party of Finnish Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Swedes" title="Party of the Swedes">Party of the Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement" title="Patriotic People's Movement">Patriotic People's Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_People%27s_Movement_(1993)" title="Patriotic People's Movement (1993)">Patriotic People's Movement (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%93rkonkrusts" title="Pērkonkrusts">Pērkonkrusts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalange_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Phalange Française">Phalange Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexist_Party" title="Rexist Party">Rexist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Finland" title="Rising Finland">Rising Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Democratic_Fascist_Party" title="Scottish Democratic Fascist Party">Scottish Democratic Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Protestant_League" title="Scottish Protestant League">Scottish Protestant League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormers_(Finland)" title="Stormers (Finland)">Stormers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_et_Peuple" title="Terre et Peuple">Terre et Peuple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(France)" title="Third Way (France)">Third Way (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(UK_organisation)" title="Third Way (UK organisation)">Third Way (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdinaso" title="Verdinaso">Verdinaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigrid_(Norway)" title="Vigrid (Norway)">Vigrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance_(Sweden)" title="White Aryan Resistance (Sweden)">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_National_Socialists" title="World Union of National Socialists">World Union of National Socialists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Central Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Front_of_National_Socialists/National_Activists" title="Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists">Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Cross_Party" title="Arrow Cross Party">Arrow Cross Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artgemeinschaft" title="Artgemeinschaft">Artgemeinschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazism" title="Austrian Nazism">Austrian Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Front" title="Black Front">Black Front</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bund_Deutscher_Osten" title="Bund Deutscher Osten">Bund Deutscher Osten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_National_Socialist_Front" title="Christian National Socialist Front">Christian National Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei" title="Deutsche Reichspartei">Deutsche Reichspartei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidgen%C3%B6ssische_Sammlung" title="Eidgenössische Sammlung">Eidgenössische Sammlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Workers%27_Party" title="Free German Workers' Party">Free German Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Faith_Movement" title="German Faith Movement">German Faith Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Movement_in_Liechtenstein" title="German National Movement in Liechtenstein">German National Movement in Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_(Czechoslovakia)" title="German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)">German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(West_Germany)" title="German Social Union (West Germany)">German Social Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Front" title="Hungarian National Front">Hungarian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Socialist_Agricultural_Labourers%27_and_Workers%27_Party" title="Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party">Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian National Socialist Party">Hungarian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampfbund_Deutscher_Sozialisten" title="Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten">Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Homeland_Service" title="Liechtenstein Homeland Service">Liechtenstein Homeland Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Austria)" title="National Democratic Party (Austria)">National Democratic Party (Austria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="National Democratic Party of Germany">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Hungary)" title="National Front (Hungary)">National Front (Hungary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Switzerland)" title="National Front (Switzerland)">National Front (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_of_Switzerland" title="National Movement of Switzerland">National Movement of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp#Modern_incarnation_(1993)" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Switzerland)" title="National Union (Switzerland)">National Union (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(Germany)" title="Nationalist Front (Germany)">Nationalist Front (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_German_People%27s_Community" title="Greater German People's Community">Greater German People's Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Freedom_Movement" title="National Socialist Freedom Movement">National Socialist Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Working_Association" title="National Socialist Working Association">National Socialist Working Association</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Germany)" title="New Order (Germany)">New Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipster" title="Nipster">Nipsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Germany)" title="The Right (Germany)">The Right (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Reich_Party" title="Socialist Reich Party">Socialist Reich Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudeten_German_Party" title="Sudeten German Party">Sudeten German Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Germany)" title="Third Way (Germany)">The Third Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Hungarian_National_Socialist_Party" title="United Hungarian National Socialist Party">United Hungarian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Bewegung" title="Volksdeutsche Bewegung">Volksdeutsche Bewegung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssozialistische_Bewegung_Deutschlands/Partei_der_Arbeit" title="Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit">Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Southern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD%C3%91%E2%80%93Spanish_Identity" title="ADÑ–Spanish Identity">ADÑ–Spanish Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Party" title="Albanian Fascist Party">Albanian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEDADE" title="CEDADE">CEDADE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Fascist_Party" title="Democratic Fascist Party">Democratic Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Nation_State" title="European Nation State">European Nation State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Italiani_di_Combattimento" title="Fasci Italiani di Combattimento">Fasci Italiani di Combattimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">Falange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secci%C3%B3n_Femenina" title="Sección Femenina">Sección Femenina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Falange_(1999)" title="La Falange (1999)">La Falange (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Aut%C3%A9ntica" title="Falange Auténtica">Falange Auténtica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Falange Española">Falange Española</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_Aut%C3%A9ntica" title="Falange Española Auténtica">Falange Española Auténtica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_JONS" title="Falange Española de las JONS">Falange Española de las JONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_las_JONS_(1976)" title="Falange Española de las JONS (1976)">Falange Española de las JONS (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Espa%C3%B1ola_Independiente" title="Falange Española Independiente">Falange Española Independiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangist_Movement_of_Spain" title="Falangist Movement of Spain">Falangist Movement of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethinkers%27_Party" title="Freethinkers' Party">Freethinkers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium_Europa" title="Imperium Europa">Imperium Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_fascism" title="Italian fascism">Italian fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">National Fascist Party</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Fascist_Party" title="Republican Fascist Party">Republican Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Movement" title="Italian Social Movement">Italian Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntas_de_Ofensiva_Nacional-Sindicalista" title="Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista">Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntas_Espa%C3%B1olas" title="Juntas Españolas">Juntas Españolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(Spain)" title="National Alliance (Spain)">National Alliance (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_July_18" title="National Alliance July 18">National Alliance July 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Italy)" title="National Democracy (Italy)">National Democracy (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Spain)" title="National Democracy (Spain)">National Democracy (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Spain,_1986)" title="National Front (Spain, 1986)">National Front (Spain, 1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Spain,_2006)" title="National Front (Spain, 2006)">National Front (Spain, 2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Italy,_1923)" title="National Union (Italy, 1923)">National Union (Italy, 1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Spain)" title="National Union (Spain)">National Union (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Italy)" title="New Force (Italy)">New Force (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Force_(Spain)" title="New Force (Spain)">New Force (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Social_Movement" title="Republican Social Movement">Republican Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_(Italy)" title="The Right (Italy)">The Right (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Fascist_Party" title="Sammarinese Fascist Party">Sammarinese Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Military_Union" title="Spanish Military Union">Spanish Military Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Struggle of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Action_(Italy)" title="Student Action (Italy)">Student Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terza_Posizione" title="Terza Posizione">Terza Posizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricolour_Flame" title="Tricolour Flame">Tricolour Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unidad_Falangista_Monta%C3%B1esa" title="Unidad Falangista Montañesa">Unidad Falangista Montañesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Europe" title="Fascism in Europe">Eastern and Southeastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autochthonous_Croatian_Party_of_Rights" title="Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights">Autochthonous Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Movement_of_National_Pride" title="Bosnian Movement of National Pride">Bosnian Movement of National Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Socialist_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party">Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Liberation_Movement" title="Croatian Liberation Movement">Croatian Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Resistance" title="Croatian National Resistance">Croatian National Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Party_of_Rights" title="Croatian Party of Rights">Croatian Party of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Romanianism" title="Crusade of Romanianism">Crusade of Romanianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falanga_(organisation)" title="Falanga (organisation)">Falanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Native_Language!" title="For the Native Language!">For the Native Language!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_of_National_Revolutionary_Action" title="Front of National Revolutionary Action">Front of National Revolutionary Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Party_(Romania)" title="German Party (Romania)">German Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Party_(Romania)" title="German People's Party (Romania)">German People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(Greece)" title="Golden Dawn (Greece)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Socialist_Party" title="Greek National Socialist Party">Greek National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosank" title="Hosank">Hosank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Iron Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEPEN_(political_party)" title="LEPEN (political party)">LEPEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Nationalist_Union" title="Lithuanian Nationalist Union">Lithuanian Nationalist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agrarian_Party" title="National Agrarian Party">National Agrarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Front" title="National Bolshevik Front">National Bolshevik Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-Christian_Defense_League" title="National-Christian Defense League">National-Christian Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christian_Party" title="National Christian Party">National Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Community" title="National Fascist Community">National Fascist Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Movement" title="National Fascist Movement">National Fascist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Italo-Romanian_Cultural_and_Economic_Movement" title="National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement">National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%E2%80%93_Greeks" title="National Party – Greeks">National Party – Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Patriotic_Organisation" title="National Socialist Patriotic Organisation">National Socialist Patriotic Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Society" title="National Socialist Society">National Socialist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Social_Movement" title="National Social Movement">National Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Romanian_Fascio" title="National Romanian Fascio">National Romanian Fascio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Front" title="National Renaissance Front">National Renaissance Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Russia)" title="National Salvation Front (Russia)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Pedophilia" title="Occupy Pedophilia">Occupy Pedophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alliance_(Greece)" title="Patriotic Alliance (Greece)">Patriotic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(interwar_Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Party (interwar Romania)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine">Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratniks" title="Ratniks">Ratniks</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Front" title="Romanian Front">Romanian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Women%27s_Fascist_Movement" title="Russian Women's Fascist Movement">Russian Women's Fascist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Action" title="Serbian Action">Serbian Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Radical_Party" title="Serbian Radical Party">Serbian Radical Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Slovak People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_(Romania)" title="National Socialist Party (Romania)">Steel Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bulgarian_National_Legions" title="Union of Bulgarian National Legions">Union of Bulgarian National Legions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_in_Australia" title="Ustaše in Australia">Ustaše in Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Revolutionary_Brotherhood" title="Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood">Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radical_Union" title="Yugoslav Radical Union">Yugoslav Radical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_National_Movement" title="Yugoslav National Movement">ZBOR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America" title="Fascism in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_Canada" title="Fascism in Canada">Fascism in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Nations" title="Aryan Nations">Aryan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_for_Free_Expression" title="Canadian Association for Free Expression">Canadian Association for Free Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Union_of_Fascists" title="Canadian Union of Fascists">Canadian Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Foreign_Aid_Reform" title="Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform">Citizens for Foreign Aid Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Unity Party (Canada)">Parti national social chrétien</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_North_America#United_States" title="Fascism in North America">Fascism in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_League_of_North_America" title="Fascist League of North America">Fascist League of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goyim_Defense_League" title="Goyim Defense League">Goyim Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaRouche_movement" title="LaRouche movement">LaRouche movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_South" title="League of the South">League of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_(United_States)" title="National Alliance (United States)">National Alliance (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Social_Club-131" title="Nationalist Social Club-131">Nationalist Social Club-131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Legion" title="National Socialist Legion">National Socialist Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_(American_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Vanguard (American organization)">National Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_(United_States)" title="Nationalist Front (United States)">Nationalist Front (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Legion of America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Party_(United_States,_1930s)" title="Christian Party (United States, 1930s)">Christian Party (United States, 1930s)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Third Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksfront" title="Volksfront">Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotansvolk" title="Wotansvolk">Wotansvolk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Revolutionary Mexicanist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Democratic_Party" title="Mexican Democratic Party">Mexican Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Fascist_Party" title="Mexican Fascist Party">Mexican Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pro_Patria_Party" title="National Pro Patria Party">National Pro Patria Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Synarchist_Union" title="National Synarchist Union">National Synarchist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Front_of_Mexico" title="Nationalist Front of Mexico">Nationalist Front of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Zealandia" title="Action Zealandia">Action Zealandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Movement" title="Australia First Movement">Australia First Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party" title="Australia First Party">Australia First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_League" title="Australian Defence League">Australian Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Australian National Socialist Party">Australian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(New_South_Wales)" title="Centre Party (New South Wales)">Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(Australia)" title="National Action (Australia)">National Action (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Network" title="National Socialist Network">National Socialist Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_Australia" title="National Socialist Party of Australia">National Socialist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Nationalist_Party" title="Progressive Nationalist Party">Progressive Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaim_Australia" title="Reclaim Australia">Reclaim Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Blue_Crew" title="True Blue Crew">True Blue Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Patriots_Front" title="United Patriots Front">United Patriots Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascism_in_South_America" title="Fascism in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Labor_Party" title="Agrarian Labor Party">Agrarian Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Anticommunist_Alliance" title="Argentine Anticommunist Alliance">Argentine Anticommunist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Fascist_Party" title="Argentine Fascist Party">Argentine Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Nationalist_Action" title="Argentine Nationalist Action">Argentine Nationalist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Patriotic_League" title="Argentine Patriotic League">Argentine Patriotic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Socialist_Falange" title="Bolivian Socialist Falange">Bolivian Socialist Falange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Integralism">Brazilian Integralism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Action" title="Brazilian Integralist Action">Brazilian Integralist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Front" title="Brazilian Integralist Front">Brazilian Integralist Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism_in_Latin_America" title="Falangism in Latin America">Falangism in Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Peronist_Party" title="Female Peronist Party">Female Peronist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard_(Argentina)" title="Iron Guard (Argentina)">Iron Guard (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalismo_(Argentine_political_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacionalismo (Argentine political movement)">Nacionalismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party_(Argentina)" title="National Fascist Party (Argentina)">National Fascist Party (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Union" title="National Fascist Union">National Fascist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Liberation_Alliance" title="Nationalist Liberation Alliance">Nationalist Liberation Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Guatemala)" title="National Liberation Movement (Guatemala)">National Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_of_Chile" title="National Socialist Movement of Chile">National Socialist Movement of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Universitary_Concentration" title="National Universitary Concentration">National Universitary Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Triumph_Party" title="New Triumph Party">New Triumph Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front_(Argentina)" title="Patriot Front (Argentina)">Patriot Front (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Dignity" title="Popular Dignity">Popular Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Freedom_Alliance" title="Popular Freedom Alliance">Popular Freedom Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Representation_Party" title="Popular Representation Party">Popular Representation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Socialist_Vanguard" title="Popular Socialist Vanguard">Popular Socialist Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_League" title="Republican League">Republican League</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Resistencia_Dios,_Patria_y_Familia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia (page does not exist)">La Resistencia Dios, Patria y Familia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Union_(Peru)" title="Revolutionary Union (Peru)">Revolutionary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacuara_Nationalist_Movement" title="Tacuara Nationalist Movement">Tacuara Nationalist Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Campbell_(political_activist)" title="Eric Campbell (political activist)">Campbell (Eric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Campbell_(politician)" title="Graeme Campbell (politician)">Campbell (Graeme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Cottrell" title="Blair Cottrell">Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Groot" title="Francis de Groot">Groot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rud_Mills" title="Alexander Rud Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Saleam" title="Jim Saleam">Saleam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Miklas" title="Wilhelm Miklas">Miklas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pfrimer" title="Walter Pfrimer">Pfrimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Planetta" title="Otto Planetta">Planetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schuschnigg" title="Kurt Schuschnigg">Schuschnigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_Starhemberg" title="Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg">Starhemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Belgium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Daye" title="Pierre Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staf_Declercq" class="mw-redirect" title="Staf Declercq">Declercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Denis_(politician)" title="Jean Denis (politician)">Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Elias" title="Hendrik Elias">Elias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Eriksson" title="Bert Eriksson">Eriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hermans" title="Ward Hermans">Hermans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lagrou" title="René Lagrou">Lagrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Poulet" title="Robert Poulet">Poulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Van_Severen" title="Joris Van Severen">Severen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Streel" title="José Streel">Streel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_van_de_Wiele" title="Jef van de Wiele">van de Wiele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Boban" title="Rafael Boban">Boban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jure_Franceti%C4%87" title="Jure Francetić">Francetić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bla%C5%BE_Kraljevi%C4%87" title="Blaž Kraljević">Kraljević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavko_Kvaternik" title="Slavko Kvaternik">Kvaternik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Luburi%C4%87" title="Vjekoslav Luburić">Luburić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Pavelić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Pavi%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Viktor Pavičić">Pavičić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sre%C4%87ko_Rover" title="Srećko Rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vjekoslav_Servatzy" title="Vjekoslav Servatzy">Servatzy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilho_Helanen" title="Vilho Helanen">Helanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antti_Isotalo_(J%C3%A4ger)" title="Antti Isotalo (Jäger)">Isotalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvi_Kalsta" title="Arvi Kalsta">Kalsta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhani_Konkka" title="Juhani Konkka">Konkka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vihtori_Kosola" title="Vihtori Kosola">Kosola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risto_Orko" title="Risto Orko">Orko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Simojoki" title="Elias Simojoki">Simojoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Somersalo" title="Arne Somersalo">Somersalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauri_T%C3%B6rni" title="Lauri Törni">Törni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unto_Varjonen" title="Unto Varjonen">Varjonen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Loup_(writer)" title="Saint-Loup (writer)">Augier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che" title="Maurice Bardèche">Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benoist-M%C3%A9chin" title="Jacques Benoist-Méchin">Benoist-Méchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_B%C3%A9raud" title="Henri Béraud">Béraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brasillach" title="Robert Brasillach">Brasillach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bucard" title="Marcel Bucard">Bucard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Alphonse de Châteaubriant">Châteaubriant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D%C3%A9roul%C3%A8de" title="Paul Déroulède">Déroulède</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Dior" title="Françoise Dior">Dior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doriot" title="Jacques Doriot">Doriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Drieu_La_Rochelle" title="Pierre Drieu La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lagardelle" title="Hubert Lagardelle">Lagardelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Rebatet" title="Lucien Rebatet">Rebatet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Valois" title="Georges Valois">Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Vial" title="Pierre Vial">Vial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Abetz" title="Otto Abetz">Abetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andrae" title="Alexander Andrae">Andrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baeumler" title="Alfred Baeumler">Baeumler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Berchtold" title="Joseph Berchtold">Berchtold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Berger" title="Gottlob Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Best" title="Werner Best">Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Brunner" title="Alois Brunner">Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_B%C3%BChler" title="Josef Bühler">Bühler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="Richard Walther Darré">Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Falkenhausen" title="Alexander von Falkenhausen">Falkenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjorn_Hocke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjorn Hocke">Hocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Feder" title="Gottfried Feder">Feder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Forster" title="Albert Forster">Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Franz,_Hereditary_Grand_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Franz V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Gesche" title="Bruno Gesche">Gesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Graf" title="Ulrich Graf">Graf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greiser" title="Arthur Greiser">Greiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther" title="Hans F. K. Günther">Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hanke" title="Karl Hanke">Hanke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Heiden" title="Erhard Heiden">Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Ulrich_Klintzsch" title="Hans Ulrich Klintzsch">Klintzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Julius_Kuhn" title="Fritz Julius Kuhn">Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_K%C3%BChnen" title="Michael Kühnen">Kühnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Ludendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Maurice" title="Emil Maurice">Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(Gestapo)" title="Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ploetz" title="Alfred Ploetz">Ploetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rahn" title="Rudolf Rahn">Rahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanna_Reitsch" title="Hanna Reitsch">Reitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ernst_Remer" title="Otto Ernst Remer">Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cil_von_Renthe-Fink" title="Cécil von Renthe-Fink">Renthe-Fink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Rieger" title="Jürgen Rieger">Rieger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Schreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Skorzeny" title="Otto Skorzeny">Skorzeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Strasser" title="Gregor Strasser">Strasser (Gregor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Strasser" title="Otto Strasser">Strasser (Otto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Streicher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Terboven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Thadden" title="Adolf von Thadden">Thadden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Krosigk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel" title="Ernst Zündel">Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Kasidiaris" title="Ilias Kasidiaris">Kasidiaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koryzis" title="Alexandros Koryzis">Koryzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Lagos" title="Ioannis Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Michaloliakos" title="Nikolaos Michaloliakos">Michaloliakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Papadopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Godse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Golwalkar" title="M. S. Golwalkar">Golwalkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Hedgewar" title="K. B. Hedgewar">Hedgewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dariush_Forouhar" title="Dariush Forouhar">Forouhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abol-Ghasem_Kashani" title="Abol-Ghasem Kashani">Kashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davud_Monshizadeh" title="Davud Monshizadeh">Monshizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Pezeshkpour" title="Mohsen Pezeshkpour">Pezeshkpour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhossein_Teymourtash" title="Abdolhossein Teymourtash">Teymourtash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Ahimeir" title="Abba Ahimeir">Ahimeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ben-Ari" title="Michael Ben-Ari">Ben-Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Eldad" title="Aryeh Eldad">Eldad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amihai_Eliyahu" title="Amihai Eliyahu">Eliyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Goldstein" title="Baruch Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentzi_Gopstein" title="Bentzi Gopstein">Gopstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Zvi_Greenberg" title="Uri Zvi Greenberg">Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ha%27ivri" title="David Ha'ivri">Ha'ivri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Heruti" title="Yaakov Heruti">Heruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Marzel" title="Baruch Marzel">Marzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Natan-Zada" title="Eden Natan-Zada">Natan-Zada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Stern" title="Avraham Stern">Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Yeivin" title="Yehoshua Yeivin">Yeivin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Acerbo" title="Giacomo Acerbo">Acerbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Alfieri" title="Dino Alfieri">Alfieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alceste_De_Ambris" title="Alceste De Ambris">Ambris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">D'Annunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Azara" title="Antonio Azara">Azara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Balbo" title="Italo Balbo">Balbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Torrente_Ballester" title="Gonzalo Torrente Ballester">Torrente Ballester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bastianini" title="Giuseppe Bastianini">Bastianini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bianchi" title="Michele Bianchi">Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Boni_(archaeologist)" title="Giacomo Boni (archaeologist)">Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_De_Bono" title="Emilio De Bono">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bottai" title="Giuseppe Bottai">Bottai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Ciano" title="Costanzo Ciano">Ciano (Costanzo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano (Galeazzo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cogni" title="Giulio Cogni">Cogni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Corradini" title="Enrico Corradini">Corradini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Freda" title="Franco Freda">Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giuriati" title="Giovanni Giuriati">Giuriati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Gozi" title="Giuliano Gozi">Gozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Grandi" title="Dino Grandi">Grandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Graziani" title="Rodolfo Graziani">Graziani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Buffarini_Guidi" title="Guido Buffarini Guidi">Guidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte" title="Curzio Malaparte">Malaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Marinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manlio_Morgagni" title="Manlio Morgagni">Morgagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Oliviero_Olivetti" title="Angelo Oliviero Olivetti">Olivetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Panunzio" title="Sergio Panunzio">Panunzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Papini" title="Giovanni Papini">Papini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Pavolini" title="Alessandro Pavolini">Pavolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Rauti" title="Pino Rauti">Rauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Ricci" title="Renato Ricci">Ricci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Ridruejo" title="Dionisio Ridruejo">Ridruejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Rocco" title="Alfredo Rocco">Rocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmondo_Rossoni" title="Edmondo Rossoni">Rossoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_Sarfatti" title="Margherita Sarfatti">Sarfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardengo_Soffici" title="Ardengo Soffici">Soffici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Spirito" title="Ugo Spirito">Spirito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Volpi" title="Giuseppe Volpi">Volpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Akao" title="Bin Akao">Akao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Ch%C5%8D" title="Isamu Chō">Chō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Honj%C5%8D" title="Shigeru Honjō">Honjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshio_Kodama" title="Yoshio Kodama">Kodama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsuke_Matsuoka" title="Yōsuke Matsuoka">Matsuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Nonaka" title="Shirō Nonaka">Nonaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dichi_Sasakawa" title="Ryōichi Sasakawa">Sasakawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Antonescu" title="Ion Antonescu">Antonescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Bacaloglu" title="Elena Bacaloglu">Bacaloglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu" title="Corneliu Zelea Codreanu">Codreanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichifor_Crainic" title="Nichifor Crainic">Crainic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Cuza" title="A. C. Cuza">Cuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gigurtu" title="Ion Gigurtu">Gigurtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octavian_Goga" title="Octavian Goga">Goga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Manoilescu" title="Mihail Manoilescu">Manoilescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Mo%C8%9Ba" title="Ion Moța">Moța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Gavril%C4%83_Ogoranu" title="Ion Gavrilă Ogoranu">Ogoranu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima" title="Horia Sima">Sima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benes_Ayo" title="Benes Ayo">Ayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radas%C5%82a%C5%AD_Astro%C5%ADski" title="Radasłaŭ Astroŭski">Astroŭski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Borovikov" title="Dmitry Borovikov">Borovikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Dugina" title="Darya Dugina">Dugina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronislav_Kaminski" title="Bronislav Kaminski">Kaminski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kuryokhin" title="Sergey Kuryokhin">Kuryokhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegor_Letov" title="Yegor Letov">Letov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Milchakov" title="Alexey Milchakov">Milchakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Oktan" title="Mikhail Oktan">Oktan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhar_Prilepin" title="Zakhar Prilepin">Prilepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhanov" title="Alexander Prokhanov">Prokhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Stojadinovi%C4%87" title="Milan Stojadinović">Stojadinović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Zhirinovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_de_Arrese" title="José Luis de Arrese">Arrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Bau_Nolla" title="Joaquín Bau Nolla">Bau Nolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_de_Bilbao_Egu%C3%ADa" title="Esteban de Bilbao Eguía">Bilbao Eguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrero_Blanco" title="Luis Carrero Blanco">Carrero Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Cuesta" title="Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta">Fernández-Cuesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Franco,_1st_Duchess_of_Franco" title="Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco">Franco y Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Gim%C3%A9nez_Caballero" title="Ernesto Giménez Caballero">Giménez Caballero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Primo_de_Rivera" title="José Antonio Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiro_Ledesma_Ramos" title="Ramiro Ledesma Ramos">Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_S%C3%A1nchez_Mazas" title="Rafael Sánchez Mazas">Sánchez Mazas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Serrano_Su%C3%B1er" title="Ramón Serrano Suñer">Serrano Suñer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Dontsov" title="Dmytro Dontsov">Dontsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Klyachkivsky" title="Dmytro Klyachkivsky">Klyachkivsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Lebed" title="Mykola Lebed">Lebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Rebet" title="Lev Rebet">Rebet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulas_Samchuk" title="Ulas Samchuk">Samchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Shukhevych" title="Roman Shukhevych">Shukhevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Stetsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataliya_Vitrenko" title="Nataliya Vitrenko">Vitrenko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain" title="Houston Stewart Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Mosley (Diana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Mosley (Oswald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_Pankhurst" title="Adela Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Wellesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Abascal" title="Salvador Abascal">Abascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Auernheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Auernheimer">Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biggs" title="Joe Biggs">Biggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler#Attitude_towards_Fascism_and_Nazism" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Collins" title="Seward Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dilling" title="Elizabeth Dilling">Dilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Frankhouser" title="Roy Frankhouser">Frankhouser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roque_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Garza" title="Roque González Garza">Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michale_Graves" title="Michale Graves">Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jeff_Hall" title="Murder of Jeff Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Invictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lane_(white_supremacist)" title="David Lane (white supremacist)">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">LaRouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Glenn_Miller_Jr." title="Frazier Glenn Miller Jr.">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Mills_(Aryan_Brotherhood)" title="Barry Mills (Aryan Brotherhood)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Minadeo_II" title="Jon Minadeo II">Minadeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_Mullins" title="Eustace Mullins">Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patsalos" title="John Patsalos">Patsalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dudley_Pelley" title="William Dudley Pelley">Pelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Luther_Pierce" title="William Luther Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irv_Rubin" title="Irv Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Alfred_Strom" title="Kevin Alfred Strom">Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Tarrio" title="Enrique Tarrio">Tarrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasy_Vonsiatsky" title="Anastasy Vonsiatsky">Vonsyatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parker_Yockey" title="Francis Parker Yockey">Yockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_Arana_Osorio" title="Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio">Arana Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Arcand" title="Adrien Arcand">Arcand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_D%27Aubuisson" title="Roberto D'Aubuisson">D'Aubuisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Bahçeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Blythe" title="Ernest Blythe">Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliq_Bushati" title="Maliq Bushati">Bushati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Caetano" title="Marcelo Caetano">Caetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Carrasco" title="Nicolás Rodríguez Carrasco">Carrasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Castillo_Armas" title="Carlos Castillo Armas">Castillo Armas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavs_Celmi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Gustavs Celmiņš">Celmiņš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel_S%C3%A1nchez_Cerro" title="Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro">Cerro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frits_Clausen" title="Frits Clausen">Clausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Coughlin" title="Charles Coughlin">Coughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Devi" title="Savitri Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_O%27Duffy" title="Eoin O'Duffy">O'Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_%C4%8Eur%C4%8Dansk%C3%BD" title="Ferdinand Ďurčanský">Ďurčanský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Genoud" title="François Genoud">Genoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyula_G%C3%B6mb%C3%B6s" title="Gyula Gömbös">Gömbös</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gustloff" title="Wilhelm Gustloff">Gustloff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Hácha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isgandar_Hamidov" title="Isgandar Hamidov">Hamidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun#Racism_and_admiration_for_Hitler" title="Knut Hamsun">Hamsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Hlinka" title="Andrej Hlinka">Hlinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">al-Husayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Linderman" title="Vladimir Linderman">Linderman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Ljotić">Ljotić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Lugones" title="Leopoldo Lugones">Lugones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hristo_Lukov" title="Hristo Lukov">Lukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mach" title="Alexander Mach">Mach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Emilio_Madero" title="Pablo Emilio Madero">Madero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximiliano_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Maximiliano Hernández Martínez">Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Merlika-Kruja" title="Mustafa Merlika-Kruja">Merlika-Kruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Noreika" title="Jonas Noreika">Noreika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Piasecki" title="Bolesław Piasecki">Piasecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n" title="Juan Perón">Perón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaek_Phibunsongkhram" title="Plaek Phibunsongkhram">Phibunsongkhram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rol%C3%A3o_Preto" title="Francisco Rolão Preto">Preto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisin-Gioro_Puyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisin-Gioro Puyi">Puyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Pedro Pablo Ramírez">Ramírez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Rhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_la_Riva-Ag%C3%BCero_y_Osma" title="José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma">Riva-Agüero y Osma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Rupnik" title="Leon Rupnik">Rupnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoun_Saadeh" title="Antoun Saadeh">Saadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio_Salgado" title="Plínio Salgado">Salgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayez_Sayigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fayez Sayigh">Sayigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojislav_%C5%A0e%C5%A1elj" title="Vojislav Šešelj">Šešelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Sz%C3%A1lasi" title="Ferenc Szálasi">Szálasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Terre%27Blanche" title="Eugène Terre'Blanche">Terre'Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Tiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Tsankov" title="Aleksandar Tsankov">Tsankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Weinstein" title="Meir Weinstein">Weinstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1776_Returns" title="1776 Returns">1776 Returns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Critique_series" title="The Culture of Critique series">The Culture of Critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defiance_(book)" title="Defiance (book)">Defiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Did_Six_Million_Really_Die%3F" title="Did Six Million Really Die?">Did Six Million Really Die?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Doctrine_of_Fascism" title="The Doctrine of Fascism">The Doctrine of Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Manifesto" title="Fascist Manifesto">Fascist Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_My_Legionaries" title="For My Legionaries">For My Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitlers_Zweites_Buch" title="Hitlers Zweites Buch">Hitlers Zweites Buch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_(Pierce_novel)" title="Hunter (Pierce novel)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Man" title="Impeachment of Man">Impeachment of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperium:_The_Philosophy_of_History_and_Politics" title="Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics">Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokutairon_and_Pure_Socialism" title="Kokutairon and Pure Socialism">Kokutairon and Pure Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Will_of_a_Russian_Fascist" title="The Last Will of a Russian Fascist">The Last Will of a Russian Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_Race" title="Manifesto of Race">Manifesto of Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Fascist_Intellectuals" title="Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals">Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Autobiography_(Mussolini_book)" title="My Autobiography (Mussolini book)">My Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Mosley_autobiography)" title="My Life (Mosley autobiography)">My Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Myth of the Twentieth Century">The Myth of the Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPROP!" title="OPROP!">OPROP!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Race_Will_Rule_Undisputed_Over_The_World" title="Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World">Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantische_Rompilger" title="Protestantische Rompilger">Protestantische Rompilger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Racial_Program_for_the_Twentieth_Century" title="A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century">A Racial Program for the Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_(Mason_book)" title="Siege (Mason book)">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turner_Diaries" title="The Turner Diaries">The Turner Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncomfortable_Questions_for_Comfortable_Jews" title="Uncomfortable Questions for Comfortable Jews">Uncomfortable Questions for Comfortable Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Warning_to_the_Hindus" title="A Warning to the Hindus">A Warning to the Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_Are_the_Mind_Benders%3F" title="Who Are the Mind Benders?">Who Are the Mind Benders?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(newspaper)" title="Action (newspaper)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajan_Suunta" title="Ajan Suunta">Ajan Suunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Alba" title="L'Alba">L'Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Alc%C3%A1zar" title="El Alcázar">El Alcázar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Review_(literary_journal)" title="The American Review (literary journal)">The American Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Angriff" title="Der Angriff">Der Angriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arriba_(newspaper)" title="Arriba (newspaper)">Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blackshirt" title="The Blackshirt">The Blackshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Conquista_del_Estado" title="La Conquista del Estado">La Conquista del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung">Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Deutsche_M%C3%A4del" title="Das Deutsche Mädel">Das Deutsche Mädel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Difesa_della_Razza" title="La Difesa della Razza">La Difesa della Razza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftheros_Kosmos" title="Eleftheros Kosmos">Eleftheros Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_(1953_magazine)" title="The European (1953 magazine)">The European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashizmi" title="Fashizmi">Fashizmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_France_au_travail" title="La France au travail">La France au travail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritt_Folk" title="Fritt Folk">Fritt Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fronten" title="Fronten">Fronten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndirea" title="Gândirea">Gândirea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9_Fascista" title="Gioventù Fascista">Gioventù Fascista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Dawn_(magazine)" title="Golden Dawn (magazine)">Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaas" title="Hamaas">Hamaas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatski_Domobran" title="Hrvatski Domobran">Hrvatski Domobran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Je_suis_partout" title="Je suis partout">Je suis partout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangura" title="Kangura">Kangura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansallissosialisti" title="Kansallissosialisti">Kansallissosialisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonka_(newspaper)" title="Limonka (newspaper)">Limonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masada2000" title="Masada2000">Masada2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchener_Beobachter" title="Münchener Beobachter">Münchener Beobachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1stup" title="Nástup">Nástup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Europa" title="Nation Europa">Nation Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Anthropologie" title="Neue Anthropologie">Neue Anthropologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Volk" title="Neues Volk">Neues Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Het_Nieuwe_Volk" title="Het Nieuwe Volk">Het Nieuwe Volk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk-Tysk_Tidsskrift" title="Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift">Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novopress" class="mw-redirect" title="Novopress">Novopress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norsk-Tysk_Tidsskrift" title="Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift">Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organiser_(magazine)" title="Organiser (magazine)">Organiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchjanya_(magazine)" title="Panchjanya (magazine)">Panchjanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzerb%C3%A4r" title="Panzerbär">Panzerbär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parole_der_Woche" title="Parole der Woche">Parole der Woche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pays_R%C3%A9el" title="Le Pays Réel">Le Pays Réel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Pimpf" title="Der Pimpf">Der Pimpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Popolo_d%27Italia" title="Il Popolo d'Italia">Il Popolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Reich_(newspaper)" title="Das Reich (newspaper)">Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_d%27histoire_du_fascisme" title="Revue d'histoire du fascisme">Revue d'histoire du fascisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfarm%C4%83-Piatr%C4%83" title="Sfarmă-Piatră">Sfarmă-Piatră</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(magazine)" title="Signal (magazine)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniristi" title="Siniristi">Siniristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)">Spearhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_St%C3%BCrmer" title="Der Stürmer">Der Stürmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkische_Post" title="Türkische Post">Türkische Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Umbruch" title="Der Umbruch">Der Umbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairas" title="Vairas">Vairas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlajka" title="Vlajka">Vlajka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volk_en_Staat" title="Volk en Staat">Volk en Staat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkischer_Beobachter" title="Völkischer Beobachter">Völkischer Beobachter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Wehrmacht" title="Die Wehrmacht">Die Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wochenspruch_der_NSDAP" title="Wochenspruch der NSDAP">Wochenspruch der NSDAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Armata_Azzurra" title="L'Armata Azzurra">L'Armata Azzurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengasi_(film)" title="Bengasi (film)">Bengasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condottieri_(film)" title="Condottieri (film)">Condottieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_the_Samurai" title="The Daughter of the Samurai">The Daughter of the Samurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbkrank" title="Erbkrank">Erbkrank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa:_The_Last_Battle" title="Europa: The Last Battle">Europa: The Last Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Appeal" title="The Great Appeal">The Great Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Guard_(1934_film)" title="The Old Guard (1934 film)">The Old Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_(film)" title="Raza (film)">Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scipio_Africanus:_The_Defeat_of_Hannibal" title="Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal">Scipio Africanus: The Defeat of Hannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_of_Faith" title="The Victory of Faith">Der Sieg des Glaubens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Siege_of_the_Alcazar" title="The Siege of the Alcazar">The Siege of the Alcazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo_squadrone_bianco" title="Lo squadrone bianco">Lo squadrone bianco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_der_Freiheit:_Unsere_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht">Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allach_(porcelain)" title="Allach (porcelain)">Allach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Cleansing_(video_game)" title="Ethnic Cleansing (video game)">Ethnic Cleansing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of the Third Reich">Art of the Third Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Fascist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism_and_cinema" title="Nazism and cinema">Nazism and cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organizations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Fasces_and_Corporations" title="Chamber of Fasces and Corporations">Chamber of Fasces and Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Fascism" title="Grand Council of Fascism">Grand Council of Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Way_Faction" title="Imperial Way Faction">Imperial Way Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Nationalist_Association" title="Italian Nationalist Association">Italian Nationalist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League_of_the_Reich_for_Physical_Exercise" title="National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise">National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrumvirs" title="Quadrumvirs">Quadrumvirs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Institute" title="Adelaide Institute">Adelaide Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Trade_Union_Federation" title="Agrarian Trade Union Federation">Agrarian Trade Union Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Casuals United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeVlag" title="DeVlag">DeVlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Social_Movement" title="European Social Movement">European Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Realm_Union" title="Finnish Realm Union">Finnish Realm Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco_National_Foundation" title="Francisco Franco National Foundation">Francisco Franco National Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_New_Germany" title="Friends of New Germany">Friends of New Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_American_Bund" title="German American Bund">German American Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRECE" title="GRECE">GRECE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladorossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mladorossi">Mladorossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Europe" title="National Party of Europe">National Party of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Popular_Consciousness" title="National Popular Consciousness">National Popular Consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Force_Party" title="Popular Force Party">Popular Force Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic (Slovakia)">Republic (Slovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Records" title="Resistance Records">Resistance Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Organization" title="Russian Fascist Organization">Russian Fascist Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_youth_organizations" title="List of youth organizations">Youth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adler_und_Falke" title="Adler und Falke">Adler und Falke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Lictor_Youth" title="Albanian Lictor Youth">Albanian Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Lictor_Youth" title="Arab Lictor Youth">Arab Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Yuva_Morcha" title="Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha">Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-and-Blacks" title="Blue-and-Blacks">Blue-and-Blacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Lictor_Youth" title="Ethiopian Lictor Youth">Ethiopian Lictor Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Union_of_Youth" title="Fascist Union of Youth">Fascist Union of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frente_de_Juventudes" title="Frente de Juventudes">Frente de Juventudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Futuwwa_(Palestine)" title="Al-Futuwwa (Palestine)">Al-Futuwwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9_Italiana_del_Littorio" title="Gioventù Italiana del Littorio">Gioventù Italiana del Littorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Beauty_Society" title="Faith and Beauty Society">Faith and Beauty Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Jungvolk" title="Deutsches Jungvolk">Deutsches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungm%C3%A4delbund" title="Jungmädelbund">Jungmädelbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_German_Girls" title="League of German Girls">League of German Girls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Populaire_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Jeunesse Populaire Française">Jeunesse Populaire Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juventudes_de_Acci%C3%B3n_Popular" title="Juventudes de Acción Popular">Juventudes de Acción Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levente_(organization)" title="Levente (organization)">Levente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocidade_Portuguesa" title="Mocidade Portuguesa">Mocidade Portuguesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Jeugdstorm" title="Nationale Jeugdstorm">Nationale Jeugdstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Sweden" title="National League of Sweden">National League of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Liberation_Front" title="National Socialist Liberation Front">National Socialist Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth" title="National Youth">National Youth</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_(Italy)" title="National Youth (Italy)">National Youth (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Alliance" title="National Youth Alliance">National Youth Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Organisation_(Greece)" title="National Youth Organisation (Greece)">National Youth Organisation (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nazionale_Balilla" title="Opera Nazionale Balilla">Opera Nazionale Balilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterreichisches_Jungvolk" title="Österreichisches Jungvolk">Österreichisches Jungvolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_First_Party#Patriotic/Eureka_Youth_League" title="Australia First Party">Patriotic/Eureka Youth League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Fascist_Little_Ones" title="Union of Fascist Little Ones">Union of Fascist Little Ones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Young_Fascists_%E2%80%93_Vanguard_(boys)" title="Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys)">Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Young_Fascists_%E2%80%93_Vanguard_(girls)" title="Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls)">Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Youth" title="Ustaše Youth">Ustaše Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiking-Jugend" title="Wiking-Jugend">Wiking-Jugend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascist_paramilitary" title="Fascist paramilitary">Paramilitary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_terrorism" title="Right-wing terrorism">terrorist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinav_Bharat" title="Abhinav Bharat">Abhinav Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajrang_Dal" title="Bajrang Dal">Bajrang Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Organization_of_Russian_Nationalists" title="Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists">Battle Organization of Russian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brigades" title="Black Brigades">Black Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Legion_(Usta%C5%A1e_militia)" title="Black Legion (Ustaše militia)">Black Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackshirts" title="Blackshirts">Blackshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Party_of_Canada" title="National Unity Party of Canada">Blueshirts (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Terrorist_Organization" title="Combat Terrorist Organization">Combat Terrorist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Nation" title="Confederation of the Nation">Confederation of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpul_Muncitoresc_Legionar" title="Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar">Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Defence_Forces" title="Croatian Defence Forces">Croatian Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Resistance" title="Croatian National Resistance">Croatian National Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Revolutionary_Brotherhood" title="Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood">Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugojno_group" title="Bugojno group">Bugojno group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_di_Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci di Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Armata" title="Falange Armata">Falange Armata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falange_Militia" title="Falange Militia">Falange Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FEAR_(terrorist_group)" title="FEAR (terrorist group)">FEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Guard" title="Flemish Guard">Flemish Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Legion" title="Flemish Legion">Flemish Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbann" title="Frontbann">Frontbann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Mexicanist_Action" title="Revolutionary Mexicanist Action">Gold Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilfspolizei" title="Hilfspolizei">Hilfspolizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Guard" title="Iron Guard">Greenshirts (Romania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Gentile_National_Socialist_Movement" title="South African Gentile National Socialist Movement">Greyshirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimwehr" title="Heimwehr">Heimwehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirden" title="Hirden">Hirden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_National_Defence_Association" title="Hungarian National Defence Association">Hungarian National Defence Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interbrigades" title="Interbrigades">Interbrigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Wolf_(organization)" title="Iron Wolf (organization)">Iron Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_League" title="Jewish Defense League">Jewish Defense League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Defense_Organization" title="Jewish Defense Organization">Jewish Defense Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Regulatory_Forces" title="Kataeb Regulatory Forces">Kataeb Regulatory Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C4%83ncieri" title="Lăncieri">Lăncieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_Wasa" title="Legion Wasa">Legion Wasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehava" title="Lehava">Lehava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levente_(organization)" title="Levente (organization)">Levente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_Blanca" title="Mano Blanca">Mano Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Guard_(Italy)" title="National Republican Guard (Italy)">National Republican Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guard" title="New Guard">New Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Order_(white_supremacist_group)" title="The Order (white supremacist group)">The Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostm%C3%A4rkische_Sturmscharen" title="Ostmärkische Sturmscharen">Ostmärkische Sturmscharen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodobrana" title="Rodobrana">Rodobrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity_(2000)" title="Russian National Unity (2000)">Russian National Unity (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)" title="S14 (Ukrainian group)">S14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicarii_(1989)" title="Sicarii (1989)">Sicarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sich_Battalion" title="Sich Battalion">Sich Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Legion_of_America" title="Silver Legion of America">Silver Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetendeutsches_Freikorps" title="Sudetendeutsches Freikorps">Sudetendeutsches Freikorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_Against_Terror" title="Terror Against Terror">Terror Against Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Third Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Militsiya" title="Ukrainian People's Militsiya">Ukrainian People's Militsiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustaše Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkssport" title="Volkssport">Volkssport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Guard" title="Walloon Guard">Walloon Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Legion" title="Walloon Legion">Walloon Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rusich_Group" title="Rusich Group">Rusich Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weerbaarheidsafdeling" title="Weerbaarheidsafdeling">Weerbaarheidsafdeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werwolf" title="Werwolf">Werwolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_New_Post" title="Westland New Post">Westland New Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front" title="Youth Front">Youth Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanguardia_Giovanile_Fascista" title="Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista">Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frente_de_Estudiantes_Sindicalistas" title="Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas">Frente de Estudiantes Sindicalistas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Student_Union" title="German Student Union">German Student Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Students%27_League" title="National Socialist German Students' League">National Socialist German Students' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindicato_Espa%C3%B1ol_Universitario" title="Sindicato Español Universitario">Sindicato Español Universitario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Action_(Italy)" title="Student Action (Italy)">Student Action</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODESSA" title="ODESSA">ODESSA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide#Link_between_the_Herero_genocide_and_the_Holocaust" title="Herero and Nama genocide">Herero and Nama genocide and the Holocaust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arditi" title="Arditi">Arditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascio" title="Fascio">Fascio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_d%27Azione_Rivoluzionaria" title="Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria">Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_and_the_Holocaust" title="Armenian genocide and the Holocaust">Armenian genocide and the Holocaust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Rome" title="March on Rome">March on Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_incident" title="Corfu incident">Corfu incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acerbo_Law" title="Acerbo Law">Acerbo Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer Hall Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Secession_(20th_century)" title="Aventine Secession (20th century)">Aventine Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_economic_battles" title="Italian economic battles">Italian economic battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Faisceau" title="Le Faisceau">Le Faisceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_May_1926_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="28 May 1926 coup d'état">28 May 1926 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_genocide_(1929%E2%80%931934)" title="Libyan genocide (1929–1934)">Libyan genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Iron_Will" title="March of the Iron Will">March of the Iron Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1932_German_federal_election" title="November 1932 German federal election">November 1932 German federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1933_German_federal_election" title="March 1933 German federal election">March 1933 German federal election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" title="Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Putsch" title="July Putsch">July Putsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Montreux_Fascist_conference" title="1934 Montreux Fascist conference">1934 Montreux Fascist conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Comintern_Pact" title="Anti-Comintern Pact">Anti-Comintern Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_crimes_against_the_Polish_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi crimes against the Polish nation">Nazi crimes against the Polish nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">End in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg Trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Tokyo Trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_by_or_about_Adolf_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books by or about Adolf Hitler">Books about Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country" title="List of fascist movements by country">Fascist movements by country</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of fascist movements by country A–F">A-F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of fascist movements by country G–M">G-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_N%E2%80%93T" title="List of fascist movements by country N–T">N-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements_by_country_U%E2%80%93Z" title="List of fascist movements by country U–Z">U-Z</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_ideologues" title="List of Nazi ideologues">Nazi ideologues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">Nazi leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_Italian_fascist_parties" title="List of secretaries of Italian fascist parties">Secretaries of Italian fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Adolf_Hitler" title="List of speeches given by Adolf Hitler">Speeches by Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">SS personnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain#Francoism" title="Francoist Spain">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Revolution" title="Conservative Revolution">Conservative Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_fascism" title="Criticism of fascism">Criticism of fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_(insult)" title="Fascist (insult)">Fascist (epithet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_mysticism" title="Fascist mysticism">Fascist mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-scale_(personality_test)" title="F-scale (personality test)">F-scale (personality test)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanisation_of_Poles_during_the_Partitions" title="Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions">of Poles during the Partitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization">Italianization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italianization_of_South_Tyrol" title="Italianization of South Tyrol">of South Tyrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanization" title="Japanization">Japanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenazi" title="Morenazi">Morenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosocialism" title="Neosocialism">Neosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para/semi-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-fascism" title="Post-fascism">Post-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-fascism" title="Proto-fascism">Proto-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fascism" title="Red fascism">Red fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green%E2%80%93brown_alliance" title="Red–green–brown alliance">Red–green–brown alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_salute" title="Roman salute">Roman salute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansepolcrismo" title="Sansepolcrismo">Sansepolcrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryanism" title="Aryanism">Aryanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordicism" title="Nordicism">Nordicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_fascism" title="Social fascism">Social fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorelianism" title="Sorelianism">Sorelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synarchism" title="Synarchism">Synarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szeged_Idea" title="Szeged Idea">Szeged Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism" title="Donald Trump and fascism">Donald Trump and fascism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_movement" title="Völkisch movement">Völkisch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women in Nazi Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fascism" title="Category:Fascism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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