CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91358121bb44fda8',cH: '6NapNt5Dithb9TcV0BemsmFaRH81aBkDJwgH7PMgBVw-1739792445-1.2.1.1-_GaeOa1R_V2cN_1tAiScQNDjCXG4UZweE8i8J4NBN3MsoQEp_IktRg5co7HMjbRZ',cUPMDTk: "\/10002966\/json?__cf_chl_tk=B3JMAgZZC5fSE51JVkJqMaz3knp5gbT1deQwRQMwe18-1739792445-1.0.1.1-9BW3hHbSlf9E8OVfyrGhAdFUDtKez1RN6Xhnr6RWVcI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792445',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10002966\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=B3JMAgZZC5fSE51JVkJqMaz3knp5gbT1deQwRQMwe18-1739792445-1.0.1.1-9BW3hHbSlf9E8OVfyrGhAdFUDtKez1RN6Xhnr6RWVcI",md: "uTWY4vT6M0ZhefNXzUQKM9brDq7btKQSg2kO.87tJY0-1739792445-1.2.1.1-a1y87Dfto4wGSNx9iF7qMDyP5vyJWurXduJECHXNGtUOKoxBcwi3MWfn9rGx9b4nM5wXqIlsCzAP92BDSb4Vur050bsKMYPKK04t6R8.C419JSDRXbQufgLYxscjZqMhhNJAtqz6kw8bRN6laWwhYSyGE.28v9qHAYLPtezgzLcBIX9PKGIj3zvZyJDUApBd6Y0N.CmH5uPDeusoFVcrMTtx0lQkLatxFzXBKUF92Lkx80uWGxQ5COJBpDESyqwaoOvYpBUEVwDHkKodhRR6dNNR8jU22sHo7Y7RWRGCJvySEiF0ETpxy1VKPkC6UU3JMSenGieWEQNrg7OOQACr37Raw_WCxdndgTsFBizE_vNNVcdFbG2sCkwDXd65BWXIfJMS3J.ds9nxYDJ54.sjUmptGldFTpozkJm5oCT3NWGVNfszfLucynuV.R2vQ7mR8Gcvxvi0k2e8KJZi4EhXxAiVz__ZOApz0yH9r4a8XmBF0QN1gECxD9bmKPEBQrb5B1prEyoRG0v7TBsIBIiwd6A9EolkNyy.8v3nfM9BxfNd2.Xj8PLkLl2UssZ8uEwYCZQb7OrrNb7CT84ugziLa975zgNUYZ1InPC45BI79sqWvf82APeHBs8vCRv2Jg0VeTYIkhLDgBS4QGpvWJUIiwLodjZi_Le9Aq.3G1RLaXbyxytEqITGnz3BR8T7EfRmG33e04coUVyNPDw23xspBFd0GvBPsrba.26DicdBdO018Rv_xFANEtoOEijzWaPvDEFiW_Fs0FFtcUkbavE2UfUNIEClmt69T3Wmau4CrWmVTo1hkijS.3SjAzZOl7WC11vUxe28JhjErmYVIKI5zlxlVr5QnXgcYMFZQf7_fcgCb4moV8r1et03NjdlJt4tL7SsSGiT2ZfVwUpcoQhiGSxBtLBi43DuY44BnAf0FmA8azJtWDQmo1KDvuwrIID2l85hi46ES207LwhT.rcGutJXJgM6nRc5yXBToqtS617SuzQN6oE99U0ryHuQH1OpEDCb8LqnyQhkBFfHi.vf3kupXn1a_sX3MrpK7L5Q6HQe9wVF6ESe4Qnzpk5cR_iyihN5txY7RzMYPbjoL7lnSqGbmP_ubij5km4ZFtyFxvwcUeeh62ruxVlah3IoBdQ4VTdpSgXXorgW6yjSrLDXULbPzGXp7Fbtb.zbqjI.e6UBEXH0LqWdA1m8rHlm_akm2Yx.EjAT2GcN2ExsojgtGhzrV9wzwIgmWqe4ZmViZOHKtdezinAg6kjLrVzJdG_GomID6mxYwx64fAcTW_yU82YkWjBaGMz6cY3dy9oF_2SQX0s3enXr4i0RQL3ouVqWMm8DnmlTWdqkyo57LoRN1XJAfY9WHj7I6YphJSKWK55jR3rSpmLvMIBZUtsZoW5jovfxkPAF6OokW0zdjzMGeXaOyj3ePtzkuIsbnDXx3tcWSycL_vO5KPsp39KP1hiWLGVWWEjLbMZ.T8uJ_30iDQnsKYRmGpffG0ivr5StNHfRmTHYPGxjOvNJhpuEaC50no9vMP7eT2MHDkGjVnVrSfE1WW12mipMWFY6in6zCwT8RsKAaBKXXiSesxSzmVeY28FOO.OSVZ3090iT.qYlW6azWIvm3eRrppFhpjTuf_lS5R4CZxfcdqPMzNAPhd5f8YJ9w4v4sMXeFR1gpiRFYMNZAsIzZ6o1N3lbPXIeToCG5bNOjP9rI7Je2qJWmyocs_fq4cfr8AVoN7gi2H4q7l.2I0gWeI7iIWspXtCalygtAJcsDEDcNMxMDiZUGSEGDabBlXPH8NrRvcLiTj6GDjtzMGF__F6ctPcEx0EEhIb9Xw9AQFocDpHJMZl3OD960WGCf_uc1r.xxJDJZS748Ucu27zy0zd8zESICcjiCFs",mdrd: "RN3st2UCHezZUs1F2XEwklfy30XPDbYUg.ID2Jp0lo8-1739792445-1.2.1.1-jpJz4JpXE6Hygy8PrJ9KeZnVAwQuuNrPq4L6NalW7Ktqf2qy4_CghGPw4Ju3SVUyhABB6WACcKWvvqXXGewVdkzUQ6b2NwJ755ZvoXtUIWFj5qI2fEvk86xaEEfJASHwEyHHQl8JKqyiEQu3rJylSk7PP05lYLnFECnYAxvnHidHkI10X12bGshdmWSPx_dF382KpU88mwOFaPmPXuLBYk79.ux9zGJ2zJq0vZR7aKtTs171FZVRNcsPV7akop39JrUjkFNzXEdB2RbPJFmEb.DHSsblU4T6PGZHj_VfRq8sGB3JwnXkh1yWlrZyTR2NzRHE1w6u5VsZSYYdmgzImM1KU0WgIYWFZUuPXNcHGE2nAEer89Y3rdiWuwaKcQ1GSK_QEGvZqSYvj75xG6K4p_oT9nPtiZVw3PmK_JLVZzTEkVypuQWa.Swv3eeqSXjpX1ZXgyQz86nBgW7Dc6tfsGxixsNINSXnL01bwb0QYcYYmmiXf1QHyg4z.9ayF6mSjj6EOdvwqgXxlXL7bZyTkG5Tbe4KAZU1tsVZNKjxo4kebQMaBipj4RO5yhJIkcQ.hRhuyB0fhym3_FGruPnRRagD_208Kzor7ZMtyDLkV3Rs8mDzeOMcbF9IA_JZuvOyIqhpdguMbmd6Zt8KSOf1mFcacDP.h49X5a3C8OLhHyIv.LlNdPXndCsAkEGZDGyGDCwx7qJYJ73QyCDILJ.ZLeDcLIy_31fpYneVdj3C2BZlOrNBtrcm8ORALTwDMM5GXPkUAq5mLdokG9mwatNbwTecRR6mXcWleujABle1kbi1jd.5G2OpfFndZIrypN1JXhdEd4KkRo93X.Q1uJJ1ddnxVnJQ7tRvhEyH7gvKfh5R3NLtNj9kLydSeUUSfI19AOKUHMR8JcKpvmHaWXEhwM4.VzipwlEVgY06m3.6QXtu0QZE5XevjmaV5ZRUbASsHL_xwEj6oS2xNpXg86tSJ9IEHyyJfX.0qMbRkxMvL.NHczpklmBjNXWZdRcAZglzjpjmtMXEcKtZwA93JJNmF6WkMEWF7b.zSPyNW.SxKa1Vcg6FeDTMrC6dgQMKcAGoVsQ6_0Dp.gTqxO7Yb5ejXL4qQ4ScTfv5Y7TTUOYx3h0SufH1gTSPaYZm9S0FkqB3mzPTUj8LOl4VU.jF6lq11NQ8WWW657y.pmBMaOinnAorMYS49gi9EeJLGYnTDV3GuoNwrrGkH_nigrXrWSt4r64UBobVQJn.Vsf1Bz8WPeZp0jE8fjA8vEcLlQ1c7HVawBoa8T0wBDtqC8uLx_.g7iMz8fl1pF1ZwBD_nrW4jFc9npYGlivWl.QMy8ZclvZCDYCuCIVX6nDzkQ0NxHCUbYpcAimDKU15QXWULc0j2oWX0EI0Sa4W1ZJQ9YK5xxUkAJYFxOSxrnKUF91ZplG874YTL35_20Vg.TSmwcm4xxX6OZjJpFqd0HzGXGVugkr6mkisNCFah2vewPhbVPCXbzFE6Ytiz.AoOnYMpj6oTgqZQcGEjMHGGo3zn.LPuh3Q8IYAU1eaZW4bMJ1HK_pj_FC6NQL1848xKst9QLgc1jFGRUv4BIqQuVBafXTDlXEJOh56RTGsrSMmSvtq00kvFhOgcolzqDYcCW31kC6OHPKcjnBPua..or8tHfK0Bn1o_p7xWfqZpTFUxbVgqQSp_I7lbMr3rcYOjJEdJ3SXTG31FSO0M.VOQUwQPCr_Egmp8PLGB1hZs8L49Lrr8CD_4EYrfNmFaO.l5Kp6lIQpZEthcJK_AP6EvjOz29fgWz491UH3Mdedzk3cajlHvxfQdYPtVfFOU_oQvEoTsTwVnEMvetXwATx.33AkwZCMZfLqFc9xiLWj007GePLxfUwC5Pm9AxlOnZt0AVk5TUrSQiMPkorLzkyM3iBCRzXzm4HlD4v1tD3fw_M716iNbexjwmIDO_0vRTq.CV9GFyS1I9vVWB5uOmhaFLNXzOX0p7F26PgtAhq6UjqEaKc9FKRRsA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91358121bb44fda8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10002966\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=B3JMAgZZC5fSE51JVkJqMaz3knp5gbT1deQwRQMwe18-1739792445-1.0.1.1-9BW3hHbSlf9E8OVfyrGhAdFUDtKez1RN6Xhnr6RWVcI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>