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37.5rem){.ssrcss-1doc5cp-NavigationLink{padding-right:1rem;padding-left:1rem;line-height:1.9375rem;}}.ssrcss-1doc5cp-NavigationLink:hover,.ssrcss-1doc5cp-NavigationLink:focus,.ssrcss-1doc5cp-NavigationLink[data-open='true']{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom-style:solid;}.ssrcss-1g0nxtm-NavigationLink{display:block;padding:0.25rem 0.875rem;border-bottom-width:0.25rem;border-bottom-color:#0052A1;line-height:1.4375rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1g0nxtm-NavigationLink{padding-right:1rem;padding-left:1rem;line-height:1.9375rem;}}.ssrcss-1g0nxtm-NavigationLink:hover,.ssrcss-1g0nxtm-NavigationLink:focus,.ssrcss-1g0nxtm-NavigationLink[data-open='true']{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom-style:solid;}.ssrcss-13rbivf-NavigationLink{display:block;padding:0.25rem 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>li:nth-of-type(8){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1siiay3-MenuLink{display:block;padding:0.5rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;}.ssrcss-1siiay3-MenuLink:hover,.ssrcss-1siiay3-MenuLink:focus{background:#3F3F42;color:#FFFFFF;}.ssrcss-132nmcq-Button{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;display:block;padding:0 calc(0.75rem - 1px);border:1px solid transparent;line-height:calc(2.75rem - 2px)!important;background:transparent;color:#3F3F42;}@media (min-width: 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-17vmgpw-PrimaryListContainer{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;background-color:#B80000;margin:0;}.ssrcss-17vmgpw-PrimaryListContainer .e14xdrat1 .eis6szr3:not(:last-of-type) .eis6szr2 .eis6szr1{border-right-style:solid;border-right-width:0.0625rem;border-right-color:#DB7F7F;}}.ssrcss-19rkgf0-ToggleContainer{position:absolute;right:0.5rem;top:0.25rem;border:0.0625rem solid;border-color:#DB7F7F;border-bottom-color:#DB7F7F;background-color:#B80000;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-19rkgf0-ToggleContainer{top:0.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19rkgf0-ToggleContainer{display:none;}}.ssrcss-19rkgf0-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:active,.ssrcss-19rkgf0-ToggleContainer .ekfn8591:focus{color:#3F3F42;background-color:#FFFFFF;}@media (hover: hover){.ssrcss-19rkgf0-ToggleContainer 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>*:not([hidden]):not(style)~*:not([hidden]):not(style){margin-top:1.5rem;}.ssrcss-1d0zczs-ClusterItems{padding:0;list-style:none;margin:calc(1.5rem / 2 * -1);display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-1d0zczs-ClusterItems >*{margin:calc(1.5rem / 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width="compact" class="ssrcss-rgov1k-MainColumn e1sbfw0p0"><article class="ssrcss-1mc1y2-ArticleWrapper e1nh2i2l6"><header class="ssrcss-18mgjmu-HeadingWrapper e1nh2i2l5"><h1 tabindex="-1" id="main-heading" class="ssrcss-gcq6xq-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">Drugs, arms, and terror: A high-profile defector on Kim's North Korea</h1><p class="ssrcss-1rv0moy-Contributor e5xb54n2"><span><strong>By Laura Bicker</strong><br/>BBC News, Seoul</span></p><div><dl class="ssrcss-vzegzu-MetadataStrip e1ojgjhb2"><div class="ssrcss-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1"><dt class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Published</dt><dd class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent e1ojgjhb0"><span class="ssrcss-8g95ls-MetadataSnippet ecn1o5v2"><time data-testid="timestamp" datetime="2021-10-10T23:08:59.000Z"><span data-testid="time-and-date:clock" class="ssrcss-1cyelkp-IconContainer ecn1o5v0"><svg viewbox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e6m7o991" focusable="false" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/terms/can-i-share-things-from-the-bbc" class="ssrcss-gs1xzq-StyledLink ezys19s0">About sharing</a></div></div></div></div></div></header><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-vk3nhx-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i89"><figure class="ssrcss-17obw6s-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1xtcmof-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="North Korean defector" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 976w" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg" width="976" height="549" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0"/></noscript></span></span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image caption, </span>In a 30-year career, Kim Kuk-song rose to the top ranks of North Korea's powerful spy agencies</figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><b class="ssrcss-hmf8ql-BoldText e5tfeyi3">The old habits of secrecy haven't left Kim Kuk-song.</b></p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">It has taken weeks of discussions to get an interview with him, and he's still worried about who might be listening. He wears dark glasses for the camera, and only two of our team know what we think is his real name. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim spent 30 years working his way to the top ranks of North Korea's powerful spy agencies. The agencies were the "eyes, ears, and brains of the Supreme Leader", he says.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">He claims he kept their secrets, sent assassins to kill their critics, and even built an illegal drugs-lab to help raise "revolutionary" funds.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Now, the former senior colonel has decided to tell his story to the BBC. It's the first time such a senior military officer from Pyongyang has given an interview to a major broadcaster. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim was the "reddest of the red", he says in an exclusive interview. A loyal communist servant.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">But rank and loyalty do not guarantee your safety in North Korea.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36012288" class="ssrcss-9nsdc6-InlineLink e1no5rhv0">He had to flee for his life in 2014</a>, and since then he has been living in Seoul and working for South Korean intelligence.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">He depicts a North Korean leadership desperate to make cash by any means possible, from drug deals to weapons sales in the Middle East and Africa. He told us about the strategy behind decisions being made in Pyongyang, the regime's attacks on South Korea, and claims that the secretive country's spy and cyber networks can reach around the world.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">The BBC cannot independently verify his claims, but we have managed to verify his identity and, where possible, found corroborating evidence for his allegations.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">We contacted the North Korean embassy in London and the mission in New York for a statement, but have so far received no response.</p></div></div><div data-component="crosshead-block" class="ssrcss-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper e1xue1i85"><h2 class="ssrcss-1nmw0uu-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">A 'terror task force'</h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim's last few years in North Korea's top intelligence unit offer some insight into the early career of the current leader, Kim Jong-un. He paints a picture of a young man eager to prove himself as a "warrior".</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">North Korea formed a new spy agency called the Reconnaissance General Bureau in 2009, just as Kim Jong-un was being groomed to succeed his father, who had suffered a stroke. Chief of the bureau was Kim Yong-chol, who remains one of the North Korean leader's most trusted aides. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">The colonel said that in May 2009, an order came down the chain of command to form a "terror task force" to kill a former North Korean official who had defected to the South.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"For Kim Jong-un, it was an act to satisfy the supreme leader (his father)," Mr Kim says. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"A 'Terror Force' was formed to assassinate Hwang Jang-yop in secret. I personally directed and carried out the work."</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i89"><figure class="ssrcss-17obw6s-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1yugak1-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="North Korean leader Kim Jong-il (L) walks in front of his youngest son Kim Jong-un as they watch a parade to commemorate the 65th anniversary of the founding of the Workers" Party of Korea in Pyongyang in this October 10, 2010" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 976w" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg" width="976" height="750" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0"/></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image caption, </span>The former North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il with his son, Kim Jong-un, in the background</figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Hwang Jang-yop was once one of the country's most powerful officials. He had been a key architect of North Korean policy. His defection to the South in 1997 had never been forgiven. Once in Seoul, he was extremely critical of the regime, and the Kim family wanted revenge.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">But the assassination attempt went wrong. Two North Korean army majors are still serving 10 year prison sentences in Seoul for the plot. Pyongyang always denied it was involved and claimed South Korea had staged the attempt. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim's testimony would suggest otherwise.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"In North Korea, terrorism is a political tool that protects the highest dignity of Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un", he says. "It was a gift to demonstrate the successor's loyalty to his great leader."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">There was more to come. A year later, in 2010, a South Korean navy ship, the Cheonan, sank after being hit by a torpedo. Forty-six lives were lost. Pyongyang has always denied its involvement. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Then, in November that year, dozens of North Korean artillery shells hit the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong. Two soldiers and two civilians were killed. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">There has been much debate over who gave the order for that attack. Mr Kim said he was "not directly involved in the operations on the Cheonan or Yeonpyeong Island", but they "were not a secret to RGB officers, it was treated with pride, something to boast about". </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">And those operations would not have happened without orders from the top, he says.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"In North Korea, even when a road is built, it cannot be done without the direct approval of the Supreme Leader. The sinking of the Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island are not a thing that could be carried out by subordinates. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"This kind of military work is designed and implemented by Kim Jong-un's special orders. It's an achievement."</p></div></div><div data-component="crosshead-block" class="ssrcss-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper e1xue1i85"><h2 class="ssrcss-1nmw0uu-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">'Spy in the Blue House'</h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim says one of his responsibilities in the North was developing strategies to deal with South Korea. The aim was "political subordination".</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">That involved having eyes and ears on the ground.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"There are many cases where I directed spies to go to South Korea and performed operative missions through them. Many cases", he claims.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">He doesn't elaborate, but he does give us one intriguing example.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"There was a case where a North Korean agent was dispatched and worked at the Presidential Office in South Korea and returned to North Korea safely. That was in the early 1990s. After working for the Blue House (South Korea's Presidential Office) for five to six years, he came back safely and worked at the 314 Liaison Office of the Labor Party. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"I can tell you that North Korean operatives are playing an active role in various civil society organisations as well as important institutions in South Korea."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">The BBC has no way of verifying this claim.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i89"><figure class="ssrcss-17obw6s-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1xtcmof-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="Kim Jong-un" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 976w" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg" width="976" height="549" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0"/></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image caption, </span>The North Korean supreme leader, Kim Jong-un. "All the money in North Korea belongs to the leader," said Kim Kuk-song.</figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">I have met several convicted North Korean spies in South Korea, and, as NK News founder Chad O'Carroll notes in a recent article, South Korean prisons were once filled with dozens of North Korean spies arrested over the decades for various types of espionage work. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">A handful of incidents have continued to occur and at least one involved a spy sent directly from the North. But <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.nknews.org/2021/08/zooming-in-how-north-korean-conducts-spy-operations-in-south-korea/" class="ssrcss-9nsdc6-InlineLink e1no5rhv0">NK News data suggests</a> that far fewer people have been arrested in South Korea for spy-related offences since 2017, as the North turns to new technologies, rather than old fashioned spies, for intelligence gathering. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">North Korea may be one of the world's poorest and most isolated countries, but <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32925495" class="ssrcss-9nsdc6-InlineLink e1no5rhv0">previous high-profile defectors have warned</a> that Pyongyang has created an army of 6,000 skilled hackers. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">According to Mr Kim, the previous North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il, ordered the training of new personnel in the 1980s "to prepare for cyberwarfare".</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"The Moranbong University would pick the brightest students from all over the country and put them through six years of special education," he says.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">British security officials believe that a North Korean unit known as the Lazarus Group was behind a cyber-attack that crippled parts of the NHS and other organisations around the world in 2017. The same group is believed to have targeted Sony Pictures in a high-profile hack in 2014.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim says the office was known as the 414 Liaison Office.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"Internally, we dubbed it "Kim Jong-il's Information Centre."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">He claims it had a direct telephone line to the North Korean leader.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"People say these agents are in China, Russia, and Southeast Asian countries, but they also operate in North Korea itself. The office also safeguards communication between North Korean spy agents."</p></div></div><div data-component="crosshead-block" class="ssrcss-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper e1xue1i85"><h2 class="ssrcss-1nmw0uu-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">Drugs for dollars</h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Kim Jong-un has recently announced the country is once again facing a "crisis" and in April he called on his people to prepare for another "arduous march" - a phrase that has come to describe a disastrous famine in the 1990s, under Kim Jong-il.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Back then, Mr Kim was in the Operations Department and was ordered to raise "revolutionary funds" for the Supreme Leader. That, he says, meant dealing in illegal drugs.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"The production of drugs in Kim Jong-il's North Korea peaked during the Arduous March," he says. "At that time, the Operational Department ran out of revolutionary funds for the Supreme Leader.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"After being assigned to the task, I brought three foreigners from abroad into North Korea, built a production base in the training centre of the 715 liaison office of the Workers' Party, and produced drugs.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"It was ICE (crystal meth). Then we could cash it to dollars to present to Kim Jong-il."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">His account of drug dealing at this time is plausible. North Korea has a long history of drug production - mostly heroin and opium. A former North Korean diplomat to the UK, Thae Yong-ho, who also defected, told the Oslo Freedom Forum in 2019 that the country had engaged in state-sponsored drug trafficking and was trying to fix a widespread domestic drug addiction epidemic.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">I ask Mr Kim where the drug money went. Was it converted into cash for the people?</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"To help you understand, all the money in North Korea belongs to the North Korean leader," he says. " With that money, he'd build villas, buy cars, buy food, get clothes and enjoy luxuries."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Estimates of the death toll from North Korea's prolonged food shortages in the 1990s range from hundreds of thousands to up to a million people.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i89"><figure class="ssrcss-17obw6s-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1xtcmof-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="North Korean woman collecting grass to eat in a field, North Hamgyong Province, Jung Pyong Ri, North Korea on May 7, 2010 in Jung Pyong Ri, North Korea." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 976w" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg" width="976" height="549" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0"/></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image caption, </span>A North Korean woman collects food in a field in North Hamgyong Province, May 2010</figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Another source of income, according to Mr Kim, came from illegal weapons sales to Iran, managed by the Operations Department. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"There were special midget-submarines, semi-submersibles. North Korea was very good at building cutting edge equipment like this," he says. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">This may be a bit of North Korean propaganda as the country's submarines have noisy, diesel engines.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">But Mr Kim claims that the deals were so successful that North Korea's deputy director in Iran would boast about summoning the Iranians to his swimming pool to do business. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">North Korean weapons deals with Iran have been an open secret since the 1980s and even included ballistic missiles, according to Professor Andrei Lankov, one of the world's leading authorities on North Korea.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">North Korea has continued to advance the development of weapons of mass destruction, despite being subject to strict international sanctions. In September,<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58729701" class="ssrcss-9nsdc6-InlineLink e1no5rhv0"> the country tested four new weapons systems</a> including a new long-range cruise missile, a train-launch system for a ballistic missile, a hypersonic missile, and an anti-aircraft missile.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">The technology is growing ever more sophisticated.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">According to Mr Kim, Pyongyang also sold weapons and technology to countries fighting long civil wars. In recent years, the United Nations has accused North Korea of supplying arms to Syria, Myanmar, Libya and Sudan. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">The UN warns that weapons developed in Pyongyang could end up in many troubled corners of the world.</p></div></div><div data-component="crosshead-block" class="ssrcss-mysbf6-ComponentWrapper-CrossheadComponentWrapper e1xue1i85"><h2 class="ssrcss-1nmw0uu-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">'A loyal servant betrayed'</h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim led a privileged life in North Korea. He claims he was given use of a Mercedes-Benz car by Kim Jong-un's aunt, and allowed to travel abroad freely to raise money for the North Korean leader. He says he sold rare metals and coal to raise millions in cash, which would be brought back into the country in a suitcase.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">In an impoverished country where millions of people are struggling with food shortages, this is a life few can imagine, let alone live. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim's powerful political connections through marriage allowed him to move between different intelligence agencies, he says. But those same connections also put him and his family in danger.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Not long after ascending to the political throne in 2011, Kim Jong-un decided to purge those he perceived as a threat, including his own uncle, Jang Song-thaek. There had long been suggestions that Mr Jang was the de-facto leader of North Korea, as Kim Jong-il's health faded.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">According to Mr Kim, Jang Song-thaek's name had become more widespread than Kim Jong-un's. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"That's when I felt Jang Song-thaek wouldn't last long. I felt he would be banished to the countryside," he says. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-18mjolk-ComponentWrapper e1xue1i89"><figure class="ssrcss-17obw6s-StyledFigure e34k3c23"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1xtcmof-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="People visit the statues of late North Korean leaders Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il on the occasion of the 79th birth anniversary of Kim Jong Il, known as the 'Day of the Shining Star', at Mansu Hill in Pyongyang on February 16, 2021." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 240w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 320w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 480w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 624w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 800w, https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 976w" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg" width="976" height="549" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0"/></noscript></span></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-1ecljvk-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-1rnnz6t-StyledFigureCaption e34k3c22"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Image caption, </span>People bow at the statues of late North Korean leaders Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, February 2021</figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">But then North Korean state media announced in December 2013 that Mr Jang had been executed.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"I was more than surprised, it was a fatal blow and I was appalled," Mr Kim says. "I immediately felt a danger to my life. I knew I could no longer exist in North Korea."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim was abroad when he read about the execution in a newspaper. He decided to make a plan to flee with his family to South Korea.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"To abandon my country, where my ancestor's grave and family is, and to escape to South Korea, which at the time for me was a foreign land, was the worst grief-stricken decision of emotional distress," he says. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Even behind his dark glasses, I can see that the memory is difficult for him. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">The one question I keep asking during our many meetings, over many hours, was why he decided to speak now.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"This is the only duty that I can do," he says. "I'll be more active from now on to free my Northern brethren from the grasps of dictatorship and for them to enjoy true freedom."</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">There are more than 30,000 defectors in South Korea. Only a few decide to speak to the media. The more high profile you are, the higher the risk to you and your family. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">There are also many in South Korea who doubt defectors' accounts of their lives. After all, how can anyone truly verify their stories?</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Mr Kim lived a highly unusual life. His account should be read as part of North Korea's story - not the whole. But his story offers us a view inside a regime few are able to escape, and tells us something about what it takes for the regime to survive.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"North Korea's political society, their judgement, their thought processes, they all follow the conviction of ultimate obedience to the Supreme Leader," he says. Over generations, it produces a "loyal heart".</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">The timing of this interview is also interesting. Kim Jong-un has hinted he may be willing to talk to South Korea in the near future, if certain conditions are met.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">But here too, Mr Kim offers a warning.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"It's been years since I came here, but North Korea hasn't changed at all," he says. </p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper e1xue1i86"><div class="ssrcss-18snukc-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">"The strategy we set up continues. What you need to know is that North Korea hasn't changed 0.01%."</p></div></div><section data-component="tag-list" class="ssrcss-16y9amd-SectionWrapper e1nh2i2l2"><div class="ssrcss-1ydmugk-StyledTagContainer ed0g1kj1"><div class="ssrcss-4c4zzp-SectionHeaderWrapper e1nh2i2l3"><h2 class="ssrcss-18xk9km-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">Related Topics</h2></div><div class="ssrcss-i7uuy0-Cluster e1ihwmse1"><ul role="list" spacing="2" class="ssrcss-d7aixc-ClusterItems e1ihwmse0"><li><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c40rjmqdwl3t" class="ssrcss-1yno9a1-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Kim Jong-un</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c5rznn0nvvyt" class="ssrcss-1yno9a1-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Asia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c6gzvv2937xt" class="ssrcss-1yno9a1-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">North Korea human rights</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c6lvvvr0356t" 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spacing="responsive" class="ssrcss-v19xcd-Stack e1y4nx260"><li class="ssrcss-1kjfs1c-PromoItem e1nh2i2l4"><div class="ssrcss-1s4uljh-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage e98n9a20"><div class="ssrcss-1gi6l8c-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-57225936" class="ssrcss-1f70ru8-PromoLink e1f5wbog0"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog4"><span aria-hidden="false">Kim Jong-un wages war on slang, jeans and films</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="4" class="ssrcss-1tha3dg-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><dl class="ssrcss-vzegzu-MetadataStrip e1ojgjhb2"><div class="ssrcss-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1"><dt class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Published</dt><dd class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent e1ojgjhb0"><span class="ssrcss-8g95ls-MetadataSnippet ecn1o5v2">7 June</span></dd></div></dl></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-1kjfs1c-PromoItem e1nh2i2l4"><div class="ssrcss-1s4uljh-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage e98n9a20"><div class="ssrcss-1gi6l8c-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-56178271" class="ssrcss-1f70ru8-PromoLink e1f5wbog0"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog4"><span aria-hidden="false">The South Koreans enslaved in the North's mines</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="4" class="ssrcss-1tha3dg-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><dl class="ssrcss-vzegzu-MetadataStrip e1ojgjhb2"><div class="ssrcss-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1"><dt class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Published</dt><dd class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent e1ojgjhb0"><span class="ssrcss-8g95ls-MetadataSnippet ecn1o5v2">25 February</span></dd></div></dl></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></section></article></div><div><aside data-component="topStories" class="ssrcss-1kczfdm-AsideWrapper e1ia0oo96"><div class="ssrcss-f411mf-SectionHeaderWrapper e1ia0oo90"><h2 class="ssrcss-18xk9km-StyledHeading e1fj1fc10">Top Stories</h2></div><div class="ssrcss-1nbb7n6-PromoGroupWrapper e1ia0oo93"><ul role="list" spacing="responsive" class="ssrcss-v19xcd-Stack e1y4nx260"><li class="ssrcss-6h1f9l-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-1s4uljh-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage e98n9a20"><div class="ssrcss-12vnfx8-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58963654" class="ssrcss-1f70ru8-PromoLink e1f5wbog0"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog4"><span aria-hidden="false">North Korea fires missile into waters off Japan</span></p></span></a><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph eq5iqo00">Pyongyang fires a submarine-launched missile weeks after the South unveiled its own such weapon.</p></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><dl class="ssrcss-vzegzu-MetadataStrip e1ojgjhb2"><div class="ssrcss-8d0yke-MetadataStripItem e1ojgjhb1"><dt class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Published</dt><dd class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent e1ojgjhb0"><span class="ssrcss-8g95ls-MetadataSnippet ecn1o5v2"><span data-testid="time-and-date:clock" class="ssrcss-1cyelkp-IconContainer ecn1o5v0"><svg viewbox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e6m7o991" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16 31c8.5 0 15-6.5 15-15S24.5 1 16 1 1 7.5 1 16s6.5 15 15 15zm0-2.7C9 28.3 3.7 23 3.7 16S9 3.7 16 3.7C23 3.7 28.3 9 28.3 16S23 28.3 16 28.3zm6.2-6.7l1-1.5-5.7-4.5-.6-8.6H15l-.7 10.5 7.9 4.1z"></path></svg></span>1 hour ago</span></dd></div></dl></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-6h1f9l-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-1s4uljh-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage 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class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer ehnfhlg4"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner ehnfhlg2"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper ehnfhlg3"><span class="ssrcss-1xtcmof-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="Modi's image on the vaccine certificate" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/385/cpsprodpb/B311/production/_121114854_modi-image.jpg" width="385" height="216.5625" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0"/></noscript></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-6h1f9l-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-1s4uljh-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1mexmsk-PromoPortrait e19hbo5s0"><div class="ssrcss-1gi6l8c-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-58956564" class="ssrcss-1f70ru8-PromoLink e1f5wbog0"><span role="text"><span class="ssrcss-1i5ua56-PageTypeIconContainer e1f5wbog5"><svg viewbox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e6m7o991" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M29 16L5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></span><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog4"><span class="ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e1y6uwnp0">Flying Doctors take vaccines to Australia's outback. Video</span><span aria-hidden="true">Flying Doctors take vaccines to Australia's outback</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer ehnfhlg4"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner ehnfhlg2"><div aria-hidden="true" class="ssrcss-1wsf921-PageTypeWrapper ehnfhlg0"><span class="ssrcss-1lmd98t-Container e3knq6c7"><span class="ssrcss-pyt26q-StyledIconContainer-MediumIconContainer e3knq6c1"><svg viewbox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e6m7o991" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M29 16L5.8 1v30L29 16z"></path></svg></span></span></div><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper ehnfhlg3"><span class="ssrcss-1xtcmof-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="The famed service is helping solve the immense challenge of vaccinating remote Australia." src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/385/cpsprodpb/13635/production/_121131497_p09z1m1r.jpg" width="385" height="216.5625" loading="lazy" class="ssrcss-1drmwog-Image ee0ct7c0"/></noscript></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-6h1f9l-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-1s4uljh-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1mexmsk-PromoPortrait e19hbo5s0"><div class="ssrcss-1gi6l8c-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/athletics/58822355" class="ssrcss-1f70ru8-PromoLink e1f5wbog0"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog4"><span aria-hidden="false">When Britain went to the 'Iron Curtain Olympics'</span></p></span></a></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer ehnfhlg4"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner ehnfhlg2"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper ehnfhlg3"><span class="ssrcss-1xtcmof-Placeholder e16icw910"><span><noscript><img alt="Friendship Games" 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e1ia0oo94">North Korea fires missile into waters off Japan</span></span></span></p></span></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-1d4jr8k-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-11rb3jo-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage e98n9a20"><div class="ssrcss-som5se-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-58963025" class="ssrcss-1f70ru8-PromoLink e1f5wbog0"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog4"><span aria-hidden="false"><span class="ssrcss-1kf25qv-HeadlineContainer e1ia0oo95"><span class="ssrcss-7s5py8-Rank e1ia0oo91">3</span><span class="ssrcss-gv3boi-RankedHeadline e1ia0oo94">Diver finds crusader sword off Israel's coast</span></span></span></p></span></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-1d4jr8k-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-11rb3jo-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage 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shortage</span></span></span></p></span></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-1d4jr8k-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-11rb3jo-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage e98n9a20"><div class="ssrcss-som5se-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1cbga70-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-58961836" class="ssrcss-1f70ru8-PromoLink e1f5wbog0"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-17zglt8-PromoHeadline e1f5wbog4"><span aria-hidden="false"><span class="ssrcss-1kf25qv-HeadlineContainer e1ia0oo95"><span class="ssrcss-7s5py8-Rank e1ia0oo91">7</span><span class="ssrcss-gv3boi-RankedHeadline e1ia0oo94">Amazon's Jeff Bezos 'may have lied to Congress'</span></span></span></p></span></a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-1d4jr8k-PromoItem e1ia0oo92"><div class="ssrcss-11rb3jo-Promo ett16tt0"><div class="ssrcss-1wok6t6-PromoNoImage e98n9a20"><div class="ssrcss-som5se-PromoContent e1f5wbog7"><div 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Korean defector","originalSrc":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://c.files.bbci.co.uk/5BCC/production/_121000532_02.jpg","iChefRecipe":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/$recipe/branded_news/5BCC/production/_121000532_02.jpg","width":976,"height":549},"type":"STY","options":{"isIgorSeoTagsEnabled":false,"includeComments":false,"allowRightHandSide":true,"isFactCheck":false,"allowDateStamp":true,"suitableForSyndication":true,"hasNewsTracker":false,"allowRelatedStoriesBox":true,"isKeyContent":false,"allowHeadline":true,"allowAdvertising":true,"hasContentWarning":false,"isBreakingNews":false,"allowPrintingSharingLinks":true},"languageCode":"en-gb","assetUri":"/news/world-asia-58838834","description":"A former colonel describes a leadership making cash by any means, from drug factories to illegal arms deals.","lastUpdated":1634007409189,"firstPublished":1633907339000,"lastPublished":1633907339000,"analytics":{"page":{"name":"news.world.asia.story.58838834.page","contentId":"urn:bbc:cps:819d3881-a841-41ad-95fa-0b6e37fe9f68","section":"world::asia","producer":"NEWS","additionalProperties":{"custom_var_1":"2021-10-10T23:08:59.000Z","custom_var_2":"2021-10-10T23:08:59.000Z","custom_var_3":"Kim+Jong-un~Iran~Spying~North+Korea~North+Korean+defectors~South+Korea~North+Korea+human+rights~Asia~North+Korea+weapons+programme","custom_var_4":"268cdd0b-a6be-4364-96ad-e4ed7ba8aefb~511accd7-6ee6-4dfb-8e2b-b236be8cb14c~561a3920-eca1-4c21-b214-658837311fd1~590ec892-07c1-49d5-b7b7-1de0b05d0500~5a330edd-3ac2-4c58-ad76-c5b8e0a517d1~68f68d12-c2d9-4173-9ed3-178363e46344~b33a63de-4200-40b9-acbb-5aede45140c1~ba90754a-9033-4e9c-990b-d1139e5070a3~dd740434-bcf6-40cd-b854-c55b4f4ed91f"}}},"site":{"name":"BBC News","uri":"/news"},"section":{"name":"Asia","uri":"/news/world/asia"},"timestampRelative":"11 October","publishedDateTime":"2021-10-10T23:08:59.000Z","translations":{"aroundTheBBC":"Around the BBC","externalLinksWarningText":"The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.","published":"Published","relatedInternetLinks":"Related Internet Links","seeAlsos":"More on this story","socialEmbed":{"instagram":{"warningText":null,"linkText":null},"facebook":{"warningText":"The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.","linkText":"View original post on Facebook"},"twitter":{"warningText":"The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.","linkText":"View original tweet on Twitter"},"youtube":{"warningText":"Warning: Third party content may contain adverts","linkText":null}},"tagList":"Related Topics","updated":"Updated"}},"headline":"Drugs, arms, and terror: A high-profile defector on Kim's North Korea","content":{"model":{"blocks":[{"type":"image","model":{"caption":{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In a 30-year career, Kim Kuk-song rose to the top ranks of North Korea's powerful spy agencies","attributes":[]}}]}},"image":{"alt":"North Korean defector","copyright":null,"height":549,"width":976,"src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg","srcSet":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/15426/production/_120987078_02.jpg 976w"},"emphasiseImage":true}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The old habits of secrecy haven't left Kim Kuk-song.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The old habits of secrecy haven't left Kim Kuk-song.","attributes":["bold"]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"It has taken weeks of discussions to get an interview with him, and he's still worried about who might be listening. He wears dark glasses for the camera, and only two of our team know what we think is his real name. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"It has taken weeks of discussions to get an interview with him, and he's still worried about who might be listening. He wears dark glasses for the camera, and only two of our team know what we think is his real name. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim spent 30 years working his way to the top ranks of North Korea's powerful spy agencies. The agencies were the \"eyes, ears, and brains of the Supreme Leader\", he says.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim spent 30 years working his way to the top ranks of North Korea's powerful spy agencies. The agencies were the \"eyes, ears, and brains of the Supreme Leader\", he says.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"He claims he kept their secrets, sent assassins to kill their critics, and even built an illegal drugs-lab to help raise \"revolutionary\" funds.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"He claims he kept their secrets, sent assassins to kill their critics, and even built an illegal drugs-lab to help raise \"revolutionary\" funds.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Now, the former senior colonel has decided to tell his story to the BBC. It's the first time such a senior military officer from Pyongyang has given an interview to a major broadcaster. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Now, the former senior colonel has decided to tell his story to the BBC. It's the first time such a senior military officer from Pyongyang has given an interview to a major broadcaster. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim was the \"reddest of the red\", he says in an exclusive interview. A loyal communist servant.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim was the \"reddest of the red\", he says in an exclusive interview. A loyal communist servant.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But rank and loyalty do not guarantee your safety in North Korea.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But rank and loyalty do not guarantee your safety in North Korea.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"He had to flee for his life in 2014, and since then he has been living in Seoul and working for South Korean intelligence.","blocks":[{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"He had to flee for his life in 2014","locator":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36012288","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"He had to flee for his life in 2014","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":", and since then he has been living in Seoul and working for South Korean intelligence.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"He depicts a North Korean leadership desperate to make cash by any means possible, from drug deals to weapons sales in the Middle East and Africa. He told us about the strategy behind decisions being made in Pyongyang, the regime's attacks on South Korea, and claims that the secretive country's spy and cyber networks can reach around the world.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"He depicts a North Korean leadership desperate to make cash by any means possible, from drug deals to weapons sales in the Middle East and Africa. He told us about the strategy behind decisions being made in Pyongyang, the regime's attacks on South Korea, and claims that the secretive country's spy and cyber networks can reach around the world.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The BBC cannot independently verify his claims, but we have managed to verify his identity and, where possible, found corroborating evidence for his allegations.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The BBC cannot independently verify his claims, but we have managed to verify his identity and, where possible, found corroborating evidence for his allegations.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"We contacted the North Korean embassy in London and the mission in New York for a statement, but have so far received no response.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"We contacted the North Korean embassy in London and the mission in New York for a statement, but have so far received no response.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"crosshead","text":"A 'terror task force'"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim's last few years in North Korea's top intelligence unit offer some insight into the early career of the current leader, Kim Jong-un. He paints a picture of a young man eager to prove himself as a \"warrior\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim's last few years in North Korea's top intelligence unit offer some insight into the early career of the current leader, Kim Jong-un. He paints a picture of a young man eager to prove himself as a \"warrior\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"North Korea formed a new spy agency called the Reconnaissance General Bureau in 2009, just as Kim Jong-un was being groomed to succeed his father, who had suffered a stroke. Chief of the bureau was Kim Yong-chol, who remains one of the North Korean leader's most trusted aides. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"North Korea formed a new spy agency called the Reconnaissance General Bureau in 2009, just as Kim Jong-un was being groomed to succeed his father, who had suffered a stroke. Chief of the bureau was Kim Yong-chol, who remains one of the North Korean leader's most trusted aides. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The colonel said that in May 2009, an order came down the chain of command to form a \"terror task force\" to kill a former North Korean official who had defected to the South.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The colonel said that in May 2009, an order came down the chain of command to form a \"terror task force\" to kill a former North Korean official who had defected to the South.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"For Kim Jong-un, it was an act to satisfy the supreme leader (his father),\" Mr Kim says. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"For Kim Jong-un, it was an act to satisfy the supreme leader (his father),\" Mr Kim says. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"A 'Terror Force' was formed to assassinate Hwang Jang-yop in secret. I personally directed and carried out the work.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"A 'Terror Force' was formed to assassinate Hwang Jang-yop in secret. I personally directed and carried out the work.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"caption":{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The former North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il with his son, Kim Jong-un, in the background","attributes":[]}}]}},"image":{"alt":"North Korean leader Kim Jong-il (L) walks in front of his youngest son Kim Jong-un as they watch a parade to commemorate the 65th anniversary of the founding of the Workers\" Party of Korea in Pyongyang in this October 10, 2010","copyright":"Reuters","height":750,"width":976,"src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg","srcSet":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/A9EC/production/_121000534_698bf4dd-a753-483e-9ca1-68f8486b7c90.jpg 976w"}}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Hwang Jang-yop was once one of the country's most powerful officials. He had been a key architect of North Korean policy. His defection to the South in 1997 had never been forgiven. Once in Seoul, he was extremely critical of the regime, and the Kim family wanted revenge.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Hwang Jang-yop was once one of the country's most powerful officials. He had been a key architect of North Korean policy. His defection to the South in 1997 had never been forgiven. Once in Seoul, he was extremely critical of the regime, and the Kim family wanted revenge.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But the assassination attempt went wrong. Two North Korean army majors are still serving 10 year prison sentences in Seoul for the plot. Pyongyang always denied it was involved and claimed South Korea had staged the attempt. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But the assassination attempt went wrong. Two North Korean army majors are still serving 10 year prison sentences in Seoul for the plot. Pyongyang always denied it was involved and claimed South Korea had staged the attempt. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim's testimony would suggest otherwise.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim's testimony would suggest otherwise.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"In North Korea, terrorism is a political tool that protects the highest dignity of Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un\", he says. \"It was a gift to demonstrate the successor's loyalty to his great leader.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"In North Korea, terrorism is a political tool that protects the highest dignity of Kim Jong-il and Kim Jong-un\", he says. \"It was a gift to demonstrate the successor's loyalty to his great leader.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"There was more to come. A year later, in 2010, a South Korean navy ship, the Cheonan, sank after being hit by a torpedo. Forty-six lives were lost. Pyongyang has always denied its involvement. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"There was more to come. A year later, in 2010, a South Korean navy ship, the Cheonan, sank after being hit by a torpedo. Forty-six lives were lost. Pyongyang has always denied its involvement. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Then, in November that year, dozens of North Korean artillery shells hit the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong. Two soldiers and two civilians were killed. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Then, in November that year, dozens of North Korean artillery shells hit the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong. Two soldiers and two civilians were killed. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"There has been much debate over who gave the order for that attack. Mr Kim said he was \"not directly involved in the operations on the Cheonan or Yeonpyeong Island\", but they \"were not a secret to RGB officers, it was treated with pride, something to boast about\". ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"There has been much debate over who gave the order for that attack. Mr Kim said he was \"not directly involved in the operations on the Cheonan or Yeonpyeong Island\", but they \"were not a secret to RGB officers, it was treated with pride, something to boast about\". ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"And those operations would not have happened without orders from the top, he says.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"And those operations would not have happened without orders from the top, he says.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"In North Korea, even when a road is built, it cannot be done without the direct approval of the Supreme Leader. The sinking of the Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island are not a thing that could be carried out by subordinates. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"In North Korea, even when a road is built, it cannot be done without the direct approval of the Supreme Leader. The sinking of the Cheonan and the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island are not a thing that could be carried out by subordinates. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"This kind of military work is designed and implemented by Kim Jong-un's special orders. It's an achievement.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"This kind of military work is designed and implemented by Kim Jong-un's special orders. It's an achievement.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"crosshead","text":"'Spy in the Blue House'"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim says one of his responsibilities in the North was developing strategies to deal with South Korea. The aim was \"political subordination\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim says one of his responsibilities in the North was developing strategies to deal with South Korea. The aim was \"political subordination\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"That involved having eyes and ears on the ground.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"That involved having eyes and ears on the ground.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"There are many cases where I directed spies to go to South Korea and performed operative missions through them. Many cases\", he claims.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"There are many cases where I directed spies to go to South Korea and performed operative missions through them. Many cases\", he claims.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"He doesn't elaborate, but he does give us one intriguing example.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"He doesn't elaborate, but he does give us one intriguing example.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"There was a case where a North Korean agent was dispatched and worked at the Presidential Office in South Korea and returned to North Korea safely. That was in the early 1990s. After working for the Blue House (South Korea's Presidential Office) for five to six years, he came back safely and worked at the 314 Liaison Office of the Labor Party. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"There was a case where a North Korean agent was dispatched and worked at the Presidential Office in South Korea and returned to North Korea safely. That was in the early 1990s. After working for the Blue House (South Korea's Presidential Office) for five to six years, he came back safely and worked at the 314 Liaison Office of the Labor Party. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"I can tell you that North Korean operatives are playing an active role in various civil society organisations as well as important institutions in South Korea.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"I can tell you that North Korean operatives are playing an active role in various civil society organisations as well as important institutions in South Korea.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The BBC has no way of verifying this claim.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The BBC has no way of verifying this claim.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"caption":{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The North Korean supreme leader, Kim Jong-un. \"All the money in North Korea belongs to the leader,\" said Kim Kuk-song.","attributes":[]}}]}},"image":{"alt":"Kim Jong-un","copyright":"Reuters","height":549,"width":976,"src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg","srcSet":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/1F8E/production/_120987080_tv070980589.jpg 976w"}}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"I have met several convicted North Korean spies in South Korea, and, as NK News founder Chad O'Carroll notes in a recent article, South Korean prisons were once filled with dozens of North Korean spies arrested over the decades for various types of espionage work. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"I have met several convicted North Korean spies in South Korea, and, as NK News founder Chad O'Carroll notes in a recent article, South Korean prisons were once filled with dozens of North Korean spies arrested over the decades for various types of espionage work. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"A handful of incidents have continued to occur and at least one involved a spy sent directly from the North. But NK News data suggests that far fewer people have been arrested in South Korea for spy-related offences since 2017, as the North turns to new technologies, rather than old fashioned spies, for intelligence gathering. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A handful of incidents have continued to occur and at least one involved a spy sent directly from the North. But ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"NK News data suggests","locator":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.nknews.org/2021/08/zooming-in-how-north-korean-conducts-spy-operations-in-south-korea/","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"NK News data suggests","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" that far fewer people have been arrested in South Korea for spy-related offences since 2017, as the North turns to new technologies, rather than old fashioned spies, for intelligence gathering. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"North Korea may be one of the world's poorest and most isolated countries, but previous high-profile defectors have warned that Pyongyang has created an army of 6,000 skilled hackers. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"North Korea may be one of the world's poorest and most isolated countries, but ","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":"previous high-profile defectors have warned","locator":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-32925495","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"previous high-profile defectors have warned","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" that Pyongyang has created an army of 6,000 skilled hackers. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"According to Mr Kim, the previous North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il, ordered the training of new personnel in the 1980s \"to prepare for cyberwarfare\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"According to Mr Kim, the previous North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il, ordered the training of new personnel in the 1980s \"to prepare for cyberwarfare\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"The Moranbong University would pick the brightest students from all over the country and put them through six years of special education,\" he says.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"The Moranbong University would pick the brightest students from all over the country and put them through six years of special education,\" he says.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"British security officials believe that a North Korean unit known as the Lazarus Group was behind a cyber-attack that crippled parts of the NHS and other organisations around the world in 2017. The same group is believed to have targeted Sony Pictures in a high-profile hack in 2014.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"British security officials believe that a North Korean unit known as the Lazarus Group was behind a cyber-attack that crippled parts of the NHS and other organisations around the world in 2017. The same group is believed to have targeted Sony Pictures in a high-profile hack in 2014.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim says the office was known as the 414 Liaison Office.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim says the office was known as the 414 Liaison Office.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"Internally, we dubbed it \"Kim Jong-il's Information Centre.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"Internally, we dubbed it \"Kim Jong-il's Information Centre.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"He claims it had a direct telephone line to the North Korean leader.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"He claims it had a direct telephone line to the North Korean leader.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"People say these agents are in China, Russia, and Southeast Asian countries, but they also operate in North Korea itself. The office also safeguards communication between North Korean spy agents.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"People say these agents are in China, Russia, and Southeast Asian countries, but they also operate in North Korea itself. The office also safeguards communication between North Korean spy agents.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"crosshead","text":"Drugs for dollars"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Kim Jong-un has recently announced the country is once again facing a \"crisis\" and in April he called on his people to prepare for another \"arduous march\" - a phrase that has come to describe a disastrous famine in the 1990s, under Kim Jong-il.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Kim Jong-un has recently announced the country is once again facing a \"crisis\" and in April he called on his people to prepare for another \"arduous march\" - a phrase that has come to describe a disastrous famine in the 1990s, under Kim Jong-il.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Back then, Mr Kim was in the Operations Department and was ordered to raise \"revolutionary funds\" for the Supreme Leader. That, he says, meant dealing in illegal drugs.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Back then, Mr Kim was in the Operations Department and was ordered to raise \"revolutionary funds\" for the Supreme Leader. That, he says, meant dealing in illegal drugs.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"The production of drugs in Kim Jong-il's North Korea peaked during the Arduous March,\" he says. \"At that time, the Operational Department ran out of revolutionary funds for the Supreme Leader.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"The production of drugs in Kim Jong-il's North Korea peaked during the Arduous March,\" he says. \"At that time, the Operational Department ran out of revolutionary funds for the Supreme Leader.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"After being assigned to the task, I brought three foreigners from abroad into North Korea, built a production base in the training centre of the 715 liaison office of the Workers' Party, and produced drugs.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"After being assigned to the task, I brought three foreigners from abroad into North Korea, built a production base in the training centre of the 715 liaison office of the Workers' Party, and produced drugs.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"It was ICE (crystal meth). Then we could cash it to dollars to present to Kim Jong-il.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"It was ICE (crystal meth). Then we could cash it to dollars to present to Kim Jong-il.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"His account of drug dealing at this time is plausible. North Korea has a long history of drug production - mostly heroin and opium. A former North Korean diplomat to the UK, Thae Yong-ho, who also defected, told the Oslo Freedom Forum in 2019 that the country had engaged in state-sponsored drug trafficking and was trying to fix a widespread domestic drug addiction epidemic.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"His account of drug dealing at this time is plausible. North Korea has a long history of drug production - mostly heroin and opium. A former North Korean diplomat to the UK, Thae Yong-ho, who also defected, told the Oslo Freedom Forum in 2019 that the country had engaged in state-sponsored drug trafficking and was trying to fix a widespread domestic drug addiction epidemic.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"I ask Mr Kim where the drug money went. Was it converted into cash for the people?","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"I ask Mr Kim where the drug money went. Was it converted into cash for the people?","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"To help you understand, all the money in North Korea belongs to the North Korean leader,\" he says. \" With that money, he'd build villas, buy cars, buy food, get clothes and enjoy luxuries.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"To help you understand, all the money in North Korea belongs to the North Korean leader,\" he says. \" With that money, he'd build villas, buy cars, buy food, get clothes and enjoy luxuries.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Estimates of the death toll from North Korea's prolonged food shortages in the 1990s range from hundreds of thousands to up to a million people.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Estimates of the death toll from North Korea's prolonged food shortages in the 1990s range from hundreds of thousands to up to a million people.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"caption":{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"A North Korean woman collects food in a field in North Hamgyong Province, May 2010","attributes":[]}}]}},"image":{"alt":"North Korean woman collecting grass to eat in a field, North Hamgyong Province, Jung Pyong Ri, North Korea on May 7, 2010 in Jung Pyong Ri, North Korea.","copyright":"Getty Images","height":549,"width":976,"src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg","srcSet":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/12E42/production/_120987377_gettyimages-922675650.jpg 976w"}}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Another source of income, according to Mr Kim, came from illegal weapons sales to Iran, managed by the Operations Department. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Another source of income, according to Mr Kim, came from illegal weapons sales to Iran, managed by the Operations Department. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"There were special midget-submarines, semi-submersibles. North Korea was very good at building cutting edge equipment like this,\" he says. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"There were special midget-submarines, semi-submersibles. North Korea was very good at building cutting edge equipment like this,\" he says. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"This may be a bit of North Korean propaganda as the country's submarines have noisy, diesel engines.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"This may be a bit of North Korean propaganda as the country's submarines have noisy, diesel engines.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But Mr Kim claims that the deals were so successful that North Korea's deputy director in Iran would boast about summoning the Iranians to his swimming pool to do business. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But Mr Kim claims that the deals were so successful that North Korea's deputy director in Iran would boast about summoning the Iranians to his swimming pool to do business. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"North Korean weapons deals with Iran have been an open secret since the 1980s and even included ballistic missiles, according to Professor Andrei Lankov, one of the world's leading authorities on North Korea.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"North Korean weapons deals with Iran have been an open secret since the 1980s and even included ballistic missiles, according to Professor Andrei Lankov, one of the world's leading authorities on North Korea.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"North Korea has continued to advance the development of weapons of mass destruction, despite being subject to strict international sanctions. In September, the country tested four new weapons systems including a new long-range cruise missile, a train-launch system for a ballistic missile, a hypersonic missile, and an anti-aircraft missile.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"North Korea has continued to advance the development of weapons of mass destruction, despite being subject to strict international sanctions. In September,","attributes":[]}},{"type":"urlLink","model":{"text":" the country tested four new weapons systems","locator":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58729701","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" the country tested four new weapons systems","attributes":[]}}]}},{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":" including a new long-range cruise missile, a train-launch system for a ballistic missile, a hypersonic missile, and an anti-aircraft missile.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The technology is growing ever more sophisticated.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The technology is growing ever more sophisticated.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"According to Mr Kim, Pyongyang also sold weapons and technology to countries fighting long civil wars. In recent years, the United Nations has accused North Korea of supplying arms to Syria, Myanmar, Libya and Sudan. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"According to Mr Kim, Pyongyang also sold weapons and technology to countries fighting long civil wars. In recent years, the United Nations has accused North Korea of supplying arms to Syria, Myanmar, Libya and Sudan. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The UN warns that weapons developed in Pyongyang could end up in many troubled corners of the world.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The UN warns that weapons developed in Pyongyang could end up in many troubled corners of the world.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"crosshead","text":"'A loyal servant betrayed'"},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim led a privileged life in North Korea. He claims he was given use of a Mercedes-Benz car by Kim Jong-un's aunt, and allowed to travel abroad freely to raise money for the North Korean leader. He says he sold rare metals and coal to raise millions in cash, which would be brought back into the country in a suitcase.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim led a privileged life in North Korea. He claims he was given use of a Mercedes-Benz car by Kim Jong-un's aunt, and allowed to travel abroad freely to raise money for the North Korean leader. He says he sold rare metals and coal to raise millions in cash, which would be brought back into the country in a suitcase.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"In an impoverished country where millions of people are struggling with food shortages, this is a life few can imagine, let alone live. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"In an impoverished country where millions of people are struggling with food shortages, this is a life few can imagine, let alone live. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim's powerful political connections through marriage allowed him to move between different intelligence agencies, he says. But those same connections also put him and his family in danger.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim's powerful political connections through marriage allowed him to move between different intelligence agencies, he says. But those same connections also put him and his family in danger.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Not long after ascending to the political throne in 2011, Kim Jong-un decided to purge those he perceived as a threat, including his own uncle, Jang Song-thaek. There had long been suggestions that Mr Jang was the de-facto leader of North Korea, as Kim Jong-il's health faded.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Not long after ascending to the political throne in 2011, Kim Jong-un decided to purge those he perceived as a threat, including his own uncle, Jang Song-thaek. There had long been suggestions that Mr Jang was the de-facto leader of North Korea, as Kim Jong-il's health faded.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"According to Mr Kim, Jang Song-thaek's name had become more widespread than Kim Jong-un's. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"According to Mr Kim, Jang Song-thaek's name had become more widespread than Kim Jong-un's. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"That's when I felt Jang Song-thaek wouldn't last long. I felt he would be banished to the countryside,\" he says. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"That's when I felt Jang Song-thaek wouldn't last long. I felt he would be banished to the countryside,\" he says. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"image","model":{"caption":{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"People bow at the statues of late North Korean leaders Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, February 2021","attributes":[]}}]}},"image":{"alt":"People visit the statues of late North Korean leaders Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il on the occasion of the 79th birth anniversary of Kim Jong Il, known as the 'Day of the Shining Star', at Mansu Hill in Pyongyang on February 16, 2021.","copyright":"Getty Images","height":549,"width":976,"src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg","srcSet":"https://web.archive.org/web/20211019080715/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/17C62/production/_120987379_gettyimages-1231192668.jpg 976w"}}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But then North Korean state media announced in December 2013 that Mr Jang had been executed.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But then North Korean state media announced in December 2013 that Mr Jang had been executed.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"I was more than surprised, it was a fatal blow and I was appalled,\" Mr Kim says. \"I immediately felt a danger to my life. I knew I could no longer exist in North Korea.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"I was more than surprised, it was a fatal blow and I was appalled,\" Mr Kim says. \"I immediately felt a danger to my life. I knew I could no longer exist in North Korea.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim was abroad when he read about the execution in a newspaper. He decided to make a plan to flee with his family to South Korea.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim was abroad when he read about the execution in a newspaper. He decided to make a plan to flee with his family to South Korea.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"To abandon my country, where my ancestor's grave and family is, and to escape to South Korea, which at the time for me was a foreign land, was the worst grief-stricken decision of emotional distress,\" he says. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"To abandon my country, where my ancestor's grave and family is, and to escape to South Korea, which at the time for me was a foreign land, was the worst grief-stricken decision of emotional distress,\" he says. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Even behind his dark glasses, I can see that the memory is difficult for him. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Even behind his dark glasses, I can see that the memory is difficult for him. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The one question I keep asking during our many meetings, over many hours, was why he decided to speak now.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The one question I keep asking during our many meetings, over many hours, was why he decided to speak now.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"This is the only duty that I can do,\" he says. \"I'll be more active from now on to free my Northern brethren from the grasps of dictatorship and for them to enjoy true freedom.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"This is the only duty that I can do,\" he says. \"I'll be more active from now on to free my Northern brethren from the grasps of dictatorship and for them to enjoy true freedom.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"There are more than 30,000 defectors in South Korea. Only a few decide to speak to the media. The more high profile you are, the higher the risk to you and your family. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"There are more than 30,000 defectors in South Korea. Only a few decide to speak to the media. The more high profile you are, the higher the risk to you and your family. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"There are also many in South Korea who doubt defectors' accounts of their lives. After all, how can anyone truly verify their stories?","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"There are also many in South Korea who doubt defectors' accounts of their lives. After all, how can anyone truly verify their stories?","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"Mr Kim lived a highly unusual life. His account should be read as part of North Korea's story - not the whole. But his story offers us a view inside a regime few are able to escape, and tells us something about what it takes for the regime to survive.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"Mr Kim lived a highly unusual life. His account should be read as part of North Korea's story - not the whole. But his story offers us a view inside a regime few are able to escape, and tells us something about what it takes for the regime to survive.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"North Korea's political society, their judgement, their thought processes, they all follow the conviction of ultimate obedience to the Supreme Leader,\" he says. Over generations, it produces a \"loyal heart\".","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"North Korea's political society, their judgement, their thought processes, they all follow the conviction of ultimate obedience to the Supreme Leader,\" he says. Over generations, it produces a \"loyal heart\".","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"The timing of this interview is also interesting. Kim Jong-un has hinted he may be willing to talk to South Korea in the near future, if certain conditions are met.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"The timing of this interview is also interesting. Kim Jong-un has hinted he may be willing to talk to South Korea in the near future, if certain conditions are met.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"But here too, Mr Kim offers a warning.","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"But here too, Mr Kim offers a warning.","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"It's been years since I came here, but North Korea hasn't changed at all,\" he says. ","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"It's been years since I came here, but North Korea hasn't changed at all,\" he says. ","attributes":[]}}]}}]}},{"type":"text","model":{"blocks":[{"type":"paragraph","model":{"text":"\"The strategy we set up continues. What you need to know is that North Korea hasn't changed 0.01%.\"","blocks":[{"type":"fragment","model":{"text":"\"The strategy we set up continues. What you need to know is that North Korea hasn't changed 0.01%.\"","attributes":[]}}]}}]}}]}},"contributor":{"title":"By Laura Bicker","subtitle":"BBC News, Seoul"},"seeAlsos":[{"contentType":"STY","headlines":{"shortHeadline":"Kim Jong-un wages war on slang, jeans and films","headline":"Why Kim Jong-un is waging war on slang, jeans and foreign films"},"url":"/news/world-asia-57225936","timestamp":1623022694000,"type":"STY","timestampRelative":"7 June"},{"contentType":"STY","headlines":{"shortHeadline":"The South Koreans enslaved in the North's mines","headline":"North Korea enslaved South Korean prisoners of war in coal mines"},"url":"/news/world-asia-56178271","timestamp":1614212018000,"type":"STY","timestampRelative":"25 February"}],"relatedUrls":[],"topics":[{"title":"Kim Jong-un","url":"/news/topics/c40rjmqdwl3t","isEvent":false},{"title":"Asia","url":"/news/topics/c5rznn0nvvyt","isEvent":false},{"title":"North Korea human 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