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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Aspect-ratio-4x3.svg/220px-Aspect-ratio-4x3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Aspect-ratio-4x3.svg/330px-Aspect-ratio-4x3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Aspect-ratio-4x3.svg/440px-Aspect-ratio-4x3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="106" /></a><figcaption>The aspect ratio of 4:3</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Fullscreen</b> (or <b>full screen</b>) refers to the 4:3 (1.<span style="text-decoration:overline;">33</span>:1) <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">aspect ratio</a> of early standard television screens and computer monitors.<sup id="cite_ref-TaylorJohnson2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TaylorJohnson2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">Widescreen</a> ratios started to become more popular in the 1990s and 2000s. </p><p>Film originally created in the 4:3 aspect ratio does not need to be altered for full-screen release. In contrast, other aspect ratios can be converted to full screen using techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Pan_and_scan" title="Pan and scan">pan and scan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_matte" title="Open matte">open matte</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reframing_(filmmaking)" title="Reframing (filmmaking)">reframing</a>. In pan and scan, the 4:3 image is extracted from within the original frame by <a href="/wiki/Cropping_(image)" title="Cropping (image)">cropping</a> the sides of the film. In <a href="/wiki/Open_matte" title="Open matte">open matte</a>, the 4:3 image is extracted from parts of the original <a href="/wiki/Negative_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative (film)">negative</a> which were shot but not intended to be used for the theatrical release. In reframing, elements within the image are repositioned. Reframing is used for entirely <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">CG</a> movies, where the elements can be easily moved.<sup id="cite_ref-LottReinhardt2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LottReinhardt2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jones2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fullscreen_(aspect_ratio)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Full-screen aspect ratios in standard television have been in use since the invention of <a href="/wiki/Movie_camera" title="Movie camera">moving picture cameras</a>. Early <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitors</a> employed the same aspect ratio. The aspect ratio 4:3 was used for <a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm films</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent era</a>. It is also very close to the 1.375:1 <a href="/wiki/Academy_ratio" title="Academy ratio">Academy ratio</a>, defined by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> as a standard after the advent of optical <a href="/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">sound-on-film</a>. By having TV match this aspect ratio, movies originally photographed on 35 mm film could be satisfactorily viewed on TV in the early days of television (i.e. the 1940s and the 1950s). When <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema</a> attendance dropped, Hollywood created <a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">widescreen</a> aspect ratios (such as 1.85:1) in order to differentiate the film industry from TV.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, at the turn of the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasters</a> worldwide began phasing out the 4:3 standard entirely and manufacturers started to favor the <a href="/wiki/16:9_aspect_ratio" title="16:9 aspect ratio">16:9 aspect ratio</a> for modern <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition television</a> sets, broadcast cameras and <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitors</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fullscreen_(aspect_ratio)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TaylorJohnson2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TaylorJohnson2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJim_TaylorMark_R._JohnsonCharles_G._Crawford2006" class="citation book cs1">Jim Taylor; Mark R. Johnson; Charles G. Crawford (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ikxuL2aX9cAC"><i>DVD Demystified</i></a>. McGraw Hill Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-142398-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-142398-4"><bdi>978-0-07-142398-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DVD+Demystified&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Professional&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-07-142398-4&rft.au=Jim+Taylor&rft.au=Mark+R.+Johnson&rft.au=Charles+G.+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DikxuL2aX9cAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFullscreen+%28aspect+ratio%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LottReinhardt2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LottReinhardt2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoey_LottRobert_Reinhardt2006" class="citation book cs1">Joey Lott; Robert Reinhardt (11 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K59L1yZ9SNcC&pg=PA789"><i>Flash 8 ActionScript Bible</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 789–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-79271-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-79271-0"><bdi>978-0-471-79271-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flash+8+ActionScript+Bible&rft.pages=789-&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006-04-11&rft.isbn=978-0-471-79271-0&rft.au=Joey+Lott&rft.au=Robert+Reinhardt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK59L1yZ9SNcC%26pg%3DPA789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFullscreen+%28aspect+ratio%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones2003_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Jones2003" class="citation book cs1">Chris Jones (20 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YshOYecAD0oC&pg=PA517"><i>Guerilla Film Makers Movie Blueprint</i></a>. A&C Black. pp. 517–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1453-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1453-3"><bdi>978-0-8264-1453-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guerilla+Film+Makers+Movie+Blueprint&rft.pages=517-&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2003-06-20&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1453-3&rft.au=Chris+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYshOYecAD0oC%26pg%3DPA517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFullscreen+%28aspect+ratio%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPautz2017" class="citation book cs1">Pautz, Michelle C. (2017-12-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1DFEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Civil Servants on the Silver Screen: Hollywood's Depiction of Government and Bureaucrats</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-3913-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-3913-5"><bdi>978-1-4985-3913-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Servants+on+the+Silver+Screen%3A+Hollywood%27s+Depiction+of+Government+and+Bureaucrats&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2017-12-29&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-3913-5&rft.aulast=Pautz&rft.aufirst=Michelle+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1DFEDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFullscreen+%28aspect+ratio%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Motion_picture_film_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_formats" title="Template:Film formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_formats" title="Template talk:Film formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Motion_picture_film_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Motion picture <a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">film formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Film_gauge" title="Film gauge">Film gauges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/8_mm_film" title="8 mm film">8 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/9.5_mm_film" title="9.5 mm film">9.5 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/17.5mm_film" class="mw-redirect" title="17.5mm film">17.5 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/28_mm_film" title="28 mm film">28 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/70_mm_film" title="70 mm film">70 mm</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film formats">Film formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">35 mm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope">CinemaScope</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VistaVision" title="VistaVision">VistaVision</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technirama" title="Technirama">Technirama</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_format" title="Anamorphic format">Modern anamorphic</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Techniscope" title="Techniscope">Techniscope</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Super_35" title="Super 35">Super 35</a> (1982)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">70 mm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd-AO" title="Todd-AO">Todd-AO</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Panavision_70" title="Ultra Panavision 70">Ultra Panavision 70</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Super_Panavision_70" title="Super Panavision 70">Super Panavision 70</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> (1970)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">35 mm × 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cinerama" title="Cinerama">Cinerama</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kinopanorama" title="Kinopanorama">Kinopanorama</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cinemiracle" title="Cinemiracle">Cinemiracle</a> (1958)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">Aspect ratio</a> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Academy_ratio" title="Academy ratio">Academy ratio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/14:9" class="mw-redirect" title="14:9">14:9</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_format" title="Anamorphic format">Anamorphic format</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video framing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">Widescreen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_widescreen" title="Anamorphic widescreen">Anamorphic widescreen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Letterboxing_(filming)" title="Letterboxing (filming)">Letterbox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pillarbox" title="Pillarbox">Pillarbox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Windowbox_(filmmaking)" title="Windowbox (filmmaking)">Windowbox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pan_and_scan" title="Pan and scan">Pan and scan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fullscreen</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_matte" title="Open matte">Open matte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shoot_and_protect" title="Shoot and protect">Shoot and protect</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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