Why Taiwan needs a digital revolution

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In just a few decades, Taiwan has vaulted from its position as a poor agricultural economy, to become one of the world’s largest industrialized economies."> <meta property="og:title" content="Why Taiwan needs a digital revolution"> <meta property="og:description" content="Taiwan has undergone an extraordinary economic transformation. In just a few decades, Taiwan has vaulted from its position as a poor agricultural economy, to become one of the world’s largest industrialized economies."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5112AQHaM9vHJy7Gbg/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1525882981039?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=0JFb6qcXkeMsR5IBhlFP7pvH5TjpXJRXgKh99K1qMT0"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LinkedInEditors"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Why Taiwan needs a digital revolution"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Taiwan has undergone an extraordinary economic transformation. In just a few decades, Taiwan has vaulted from its position as a poor agricultural economy, to become one of the world’s largest industrialized economies."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5112AQHaM9vHJy7Gbg/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1525882981039?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=0JFb6qcXkeMsR5IBhlFP7pvH5TjpXJRXgKh99K1qMT0"> <meta name="appId"> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by"> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Albert Chang"> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Reading time"> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="5 min read"> <meta name="clientSideIngraphs" content="1" data-gauge-metric-endpoint="/pulse/api/ingraphs/gauge" data-counter-metric-endpoint="/pulse/api/ingraphs/counter"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Taiwan has undergone an extraordinary economic transformation. 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class="base-card__full-link absolute top-0 right-0 bottom-0 left-0 p-0 z-[2]" href="https://sg.linkedin.com/in/albert-chang-850a9ba9" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="sr-only"> Albert Chang </span> </a> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-6 h-6 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQE_mpgys6qkuQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1617284596958?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=WJhu9hiGvieG4w-P3gBCdCbjkfevqDNQNOrU46t7DDw" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Albert Chang"> <div class="base-main-card__info self-center ml-1 flex-1 relative break-words papabear:min-w-0 mamabear:min-w-0 babybear:w-full ">  <h3 class="base-main-card__title font-sans text-[18px] font-bold text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Albert Chang </h3> <h4 class="base-main-card__subtitle body-text text-color-text overflow-hidden "> Senior Partner and Managing Partner, Southeast Asia </h4>  <div class="body-text text-color-text-low-emphasis base-main-card__metadata"> Published May 9, 2018 </div>  </div> <div class="base-main-card__ctas z-[3] self-center ml-3 babybear:ml-1 babybear:self-start"> <a class="base-main-card__cta btn-sm btn-secondary" href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fwhy-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang%2F&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_publisher-author-card" data-tracking-will-navigate> + Follow </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </header> <div class="article-main__content max-w-[744px]"><p>Taiwan has undergone an extraordinary economic transformation. In just a few decades, Taiwan has vaulted from its position as a poor agricultural economy, to become one of the world’s largest industrialized economies.</p> <p>In 1961, per capita GDP was just $1,353 (in 1990 prices). By 2011, thanks to annual average economic growth of 8 percent, per capita GDP had leapt to $37,000. Today, Taiwan is the 22nd largest economy in the world, and controls the fifth largest holding of foreign exchange reserves.</p> <p>After the Great Recession of 2007-2009, however, Taiwan’s economic growth has stalled, calling into question its competitive position among the world’s leading economies. Slowing growth and declining productivity have led to shrinking profits across all of Taiwan’s most critical industries.</p> <p>There has been much debate in recent years about what Taiwan needs to do to pull itself out of its economic slump. But one thing our recent research has made clear is this: if Taiwan wants to re-ignite growth and regain its competitive position in the world, it must embrace digitization.</p> <h2><strong>Taiwan is falling behind in productivity</strong></h2> <p>One of the biggest drivers of economic growth is productivity, and on this metric, Taiwan is lagging substantially behind the US and Japan.</p> <p>Unlike the US, Japan, Korea, and China, where productivity growth has been relatively stable, Taiwan’s wildly fluctuating rates of productivity growth over the past two decades have made it difficult to close the productivity gap with these countries. Not surprisingly, therefore, US and Japanese productivity are consistently the highest in the individual sectors we examined. The greatest disparity between the most productive and least productive countries occurs in the high tech space: Productivity in the US’s high tech sector is more than double that of Japan.</p> <p>While productivity in Taiwan’s high tech sector is the highest of all sectors in the economy, tech productivity in Taiwan nonetheless trails that of all the other economies we assessed in our study, with the exception of China. This can likely be explained by the fact that Taiwan’s high tech companies still primarily manufacture commoditized products at the low end of the value chain, where margins are thin.</p> <h2><strong>Rising revenue, falling profits</strong></h2> <p>Productivity is not the only area where Taiwan is falling behind. It’s also experiencing unprofitable revenue growth and declining return on invested capital (ROIC). Of the five economies we studied, Taiwan experienced the largest ROIC decline over the past decade. Only the US exhibited ROIC growth during this period. </p> <p>ROIC consists of two measures: net operating profit less adjusted taxes (NOPLAT), times the change in capital turnover (net sales divided by working capital). </p> <p>The US has experienced a 2.6 percent increase in NOPLAT margins during the past decade, driven mainly by ROIC growth of 4.0 percent. Growth of both NOPLAT and ROIC in the US were the highest among the economies we examined.</p> <p>The very large increase in capital turnover in Taiwan over the past decade indicates substantial investments in top-line revenue growth. Yet, profits remain elusive: both ROIC and NOPLAT margins in Taiwan have experienced the steepest drop among all of the economies we studied, and today they are the lowest of the Asian economies in our study. </p> <p>Tawan’s firms are pursuing small profit margins at the low-value end of the value chain. According to our analysis, for every dollar of top-line revenue growth, Taiwan’s companies have sacrificed profit margins by approximately 5 cents. </p> <p>By contrast, revenues at China’s high tech firms have grown at almost triple the rate of Taiwan’s firms, and more than twice the rate of high tech companies in other economies in our study. Whereas Taiwan’s invested capital has grown at 7 percent per year between 2006 and 2016, China’s has grown a staggering 20 percent.</p> <h2><strong>Shrinking share of the global profit pool</strong></h2> <p>Changes in the global profit pool, the sum of the annual economic profit of each market's top 500 companies, underscore Taiwan’s declining competitiveness.</p> <p>To better understand how the distribution of profit has changed globally, we compared the global profit pool between 2003-2006 and 2013-2016. The pool has been expanding on average 16 percent per year, driven largely by the growth of the US and Chinese economies. </p> <p>The US has maintained its strong hold on the global share of profit for the past ten years. US “giants,” which represent 10 percent of the total number of global companies and include marquee brands like Amazon, Google, and Apple, now represent more than 60 percent of global profits. During the same period, China has experienced explosive growth, with its share of the global profit pool skyrocketing from 1 to 13 percent.</p> <p>By contrast, Taiwan’s share of the global profit pool has declined by nearly half, from five percent to three percent. In addition, Taiwan’s 11 percent annual growth rate of economic profit, lags the global average by five percentage points, and has been slower than that of China, South Korea, Hong Kong, India, and Japan for the past decade. </p> <p>Shrinking profits and a smaller share of the global profit pool make one thing abundantly clear: Taiwanese companies are losing competitiveness, both in Asia and globally.</p> <h2><strong>The role of digitization in productivity growth</strong></h2> <p>The connection between digitization and productivity growth in advanced economies is a subject of ongoing debate. To better understand this connection, we compiled the Taiwan Digitization Index, which assesses the digitization of different sectors of the economy. We then looked at these findings in the context of the productivity growth rate of countries and individual sectors. </p> <p>Our analysis suggests that, while the degree of digitization is not the sole driver of productivity, high productivity levels tend to positively correlate with an overall higher level of digitization across industries. </p> <p>For every point increase in digitization in a given sector in Taiwan, the productivity level increases by 0.7 percent. China and some European economies (e.g., the UK, Netherlands, Sweden, France, and Germany) exhibit a similar pattern.</p> <p>The implications are clear: capturing the digital opportunity can improve productivity across sectors. And to improve productivity, Taiwan will need to undertake a comprehensive digital transformation of its economy.</p> <p><em>My colleagues and I recently completed an extensive analysis of the potential for Taiwan’s key industries to undertake a digital transformation. </em><a href="http://mckinseychina.com/digital_taiwan/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><em>Download a copy of our report, “Taiwan’s digital imperative." </em></a></p> <p><em>I also recorded a short video in which I explain why Taiwan needs a digital revolution:</em></p> <iframe class="center" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" src="about:blank" width="504" height="284" data-li-src="https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6400015642757554176?compact=1"></iframe> <p><br></p> </div>   </article>   <div class="article-social-activity z-[201] x-social-activity-wrapper xs:sticky bottom-0 flex justify-center border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-faint bg-color-background-container " 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style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-MAYBE" style="display: none"></code> <code id="social-actions__reaction-image-PRAISE" style="display: none"></code>  <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fwhy-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang%2F&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_likes-count_social-actions-comments" target="_blank" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_likes-count_social-actions-comments" data-tracking-will-navigate class="flex items-center font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis no-underline visited:text-color-text-low-emphasis before:middot my-1" data-test-id="social-actions__comments" data-id="social-actions__comments" data-num-comments="5" data-singular="%numComments% Comment" data-plural="%numComments% Comments"> 5 Comments </a>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="comments__container"> <div class="comments">   <section class="comment flex grow-1 items-stretch leading-[16px] comment-with-action my-1.5"> <div> <a href="https://ng.linkedin.com/in/nasiru-abba-ibrahim-5191a1164?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Nasiru Abba Ibrahim"> </a> </div> <div class="w-full min-w-0"> <div class="comment__body ml-0.5 mb-1 pt-1 pr-1.5 pb-1 pl-1.5 rounded-[8px] rounded-tl-none relative"> <div class="comment__header flex flex-col"> <a class="text-sm link-styled no-underline leading-open comment__author truncate pr-6" href="https://ng.linkedin.com/in/nasiru-abba-ibrahim-5191a1164?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate> Nasiru Abba Ibrahim </a> <p class="!text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-[1.33333] mb-0.5 truncate comment__author-headline">Sales Manager Auto-sheck Oil-Gas NIG</p> <span class="text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis comment__duration-since absolute right-6 top-1 inline-block"> 6y </span> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 !mr-0.5 babybear:!-top-0.5" data-test-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] ellipsis-menu__trigger--small w-[32px] h-[32px] babybear:rotate-90 mamabear:!h-4 mamabear:!min-h-[32px] papabear:!h-4 papabear:!min-h-[32px]" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-trigger" tabindex="0"> <icon class="ellipsis-menu__trigger-icon m-0 p-0 centered-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c26vw8uiog92lvrqov98hvbxr"></icon> </button> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-auto top-[100%]" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis first-of-type:border-none flex"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Fwhy-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=COMMENT&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="COMMENT" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:article:8915195395507548291,6402855716385755136)" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary ellipsis-menu__semaphore ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full p-1 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled 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href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fwhy-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang%2F&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/70k0g8kmgdfjjymflqqzipzxj"> </icon> <span class="action-btn__button-text inline-block align-baseline"> Like </span> </div> </a> <span class="before:middot font-sans text-s text-color-text-low-emphasis"></span> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fwhy-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang%2F&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_reply" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer comment__reply" data-feed-action="replyToComment" data-feed-control="reply" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandReplyBox" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_reply" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/4ol9mo4lxvobj5ww3va90wz1o"> </icon> <span class="action-btn__button-text inline-block align-baseline"> Reply </span> </div> </a>  <span class="comment__reactions-count font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis border-l-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis pl-1 mx-1 hidden"> 1 Reaction </span> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="comment flex grow-1 items-stretch leading-[16px] comment-with-action my-1.5"> <div> <a href="https://tw.linkedin.com/in/jenny-wang-86737aa7?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-image" data-tracking-will-navigate> <img class="inline-block relative rounded-[50%] w-4 h-4 " data-delayed-url="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4D03AQFEZKSQMlyaRQ/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1632498765145?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=5EGapVnWZAD_Mu_-QpYPu9-20nl_4DCxbVfudl37wlk" data-ghost-classes="bg-color-entity-ghost-background" data-ghost-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/9c8pery4andzj6ohjkjp54ma2" alt="Jenny Wang"> </a> </div> <div class="w-full min-w-0"> <div class="comment__body ml-0.5 mb-1 pt-1 pr-1.5 pb-1 pl-1.5 rounded-[8px] rounded-tl-none relative"> <div class="comment__header flex flex-col"> <a class="text-sm link-styled no-underline leading-open comment__author truncate pr-6" href="https://tw.linkedin.com/in/jenny-wang-86737aa7?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_actor-name" data-tracking-will-navigate> Jenny Wang </a> <p class="!text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis leading-[1.33333] mb-0.5 truncate comment__author-headline">VANGUARD Galobal Corp.---Sales / Management/ E-Bike Control System (EN Pass/UL Standard). Instagram: Vanguard_ebike</p> <span class="text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis comment__duration-since absolute right-6 top-1 inline-block"> 6y </span> <div class="ellipsis-menu absolute right-0 top-0 !mr-0.5 babybear:!-top-0.5" data-test-id="comment__ellipsis-menu" data-feed-action="show-comment-dropdown"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown flex items-center relative hyphens-auto"> <button class="ellipsis-menu__trigger collapsible-dropdown__button btn-md btn-tertiary cursor-pointer !py-[6px] !px-1 flex items-center rounded-[50%] ellipsis-menu__trigger--small w-[32px] h-[32px] babybear:rotate-90 mamabear:!h-4 mamabear:!min-h-[32px] papabear:!h-4 papabear:!min-h-[32px]" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open menu" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-trigger" tabindex="0"> <icon class="ellipsis-menu__trigger-icon m-0 p-0 centered-icon" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/c26vw8uiog92lvrqov98hvbxr"></icon> </button> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-auto top-[100%]" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="ellipsis-menu__item border-t-1 border-solid border-color-border-low-emphasis first-of-type:border-none flex"> <a href="/uas/login?session_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fpulse%2Fwhy-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect&guestReportContentType=COMMENT&_f=guest-reporting" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore-sign-in-redirect" data-tracking-will-navigate data-item-type="semaphore" data-semaphore-content-type="COMMENT" data-semaphore-content-urn="urn:li:comment:(urn:li:article:8915195395507548291,6401282186263269376)" data-semaphore-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_ellipsis-menu-semaphore" data-is-logged-in="false" data-modal="semaphore__toggle" class="semaphore__toggle visited:text-color-text-secondary ellipsis-menu__semaphore ellipsis-menu__item-button flex items-center w-full p-1 cursor-pointer font-sans text-sm font-bold link-styled focus:link-styled link:no-underline active:bg-color-background-container-tint focus:bg-color-background-container-tint hover:bg-color-background-container-tint outline-offset-[-2px]">  <icon class="ellipsis-menu__item-icon text-color-text h-[24px] w-[24px] mr-1" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/iq0x9q37wj214o129ai1yjut"> </icon> Report this comment </a>  </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> <div class="attributed-text-segment-list__container relative mt-1 mb-1.5 babybear:mt-0 babybear:mb-0.5"> <p class="attributed-text-segment-list__content text-color-text !text-sm whitespace-pre-wrap break-words comment__text babybear:mt-0.5" dir="ltr">Looking for job new chance to helping taiwan upgrand.</p>  </div>   </div> <div class="comment__actions flex flex-row flex-wrap items-center ml-2" aria-label="Comment Controls"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fpulse%2Fwhy-taiwan-needs-digital-revolution-albert-chang%2F&trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" class="comment__action inline-block font-sans text-xs text-color-text-low-emphasis cursor-pointer" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-pulse_x-social-details_comments-action_comment_like" data-tracking-will-navigate> <div class="flex flex-row items-center "> <icon class="action-btn__icon w-2 mr-0.5" data-svg-class-name="action-btn__icon--svg" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/70k0g8kmgdfjjymflqqzipzxj"> </icon> <span 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lang="hu_HU"> Magyar (Hungarian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-in_ID" data-locale="in_ID" role="menuitem" lang="in_ID"> Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Italiano (Italian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-it_IT" data-locale="it_IT" role="menuitem" lang="it_IT"> Italiano (Italian) </button> </li> <li 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class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tl_PH" data-locale="tl_PH" role="menuitem" lang="tl_PH"> Tagalog (Tagalog) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Türkçe (Turkish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tr_TR" data-locale="tr_TR" role="menuitem" lang="tr_TR"> Türkçe (Turkish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation">  <button aria-label="Українська (Ukrainian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer 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