CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91a37aaaee0ac8b5',cH: 'NgdCmG457NOotYFkGOUppdp.Uaywhe5i8q9dlFayoqI-1740945614-1.2.1.1-Z6jx7qxGPR.9DKcK1eaz141Zqft6Ed0azsDen0LN33bzXNbFCxJjto4h0JV_HE8Y',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Marwa%20S.%20Hassan&__cf_chl_tk=6m95HclzJt_vnTidUJqt22cV4X_ccDST_Dhp6qZGc.s-1740945614-1.0.1.1-qQdhGZzY_nWPknkpv2lsPlb8rHLYGR5Z5gNqHv0jtZA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740945614',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Marwa%20S.%20Hassan&__cf_chl_f_tk=6m95HclzJt_vnTidUJqt22cV4X_ccDST_Dhp6qZGc.s-1740945614-1.0.1.1-qQdhGZzY_nWPknkpv2lsPlb8rHLYGR5Z5gNqHv0jtZA",md: "y54DrNqk3M8.GbMfaT6OwbZgoZYt27BX9pFwS3UFvgQ-1740945614-1.2.1.1-RU6dXrGG22vVmz4mXKyxL8jTARNjdh5m7zdF8yDpYaIx21yEeOhTdgJoW9gXrPkq8rb5Q.u3Xfp3jf3mMwB8QIwyZlWlr._h3NXCtSyAxx9MUz7iuoHUsc4VYwWEQf9o.dx4uBxJkGfyFcYN2zKVn4emKu3jjZvXbJ.hf8vxr6gIm499Z32tLi1y4_vpwKSBuveFSZngrpbFYDZr6K6Rge8_91Pp7oi3y1I80_XBneW9Oto5IvnoDjdT4vvot7GLhEFEjg1pdwhYCmWneEscpPn8hiBeOpKc0IB316UrW2tZkG4Y_Nazx95zrVxr3Jq48rz0.CQy2AS2bvMMal6.gPcSvPHJAQDKCxWjWWVOLbQGsESZu34N02ZV7mGS7QvLWJVmVUamw6RV.4SgfDeF2exnC_NP8VNuTAtYcvFRWNheTcbGOLWzjMOAs9kLl3L9VSHaSh4ZzbevL_TqkD_WMkqlvefs4AnYg7Wrst2EF0QSgo2QyLySohAK.Wvwup8ELQnkPxkWSQNpB4196XWeviwZCOSWarOxQK7yBUa9GIjo_yTCgV3QamUhX3Kq49Wci9mj08LjhcWsf2Y2kmOybIW0fxlxn1DGs1VjRD.jAPQpFqGs0yzyBMV4wDQ3WLumJkTNF_nHXapl.EFIBMNoRncpZROsJbDDBY7Q77DXQy7PoQiiNiaQxNZXi1JAD.46QnXGyH_AmiUlQ.fSfBsxRAp.KAwNe6XbeUHnciwVt.rT4DsOontrpSXO1rV14S8cgOJVpGgzQ5nmQghROSuEYlLlLnsxs_Qz6BnoldjflplTHeCsUNlAGvICfTyFtcu8g78_Ku._U1QMH4LlNgaBm9OEa2i.uB_7ecn7uttlH_.Oh.4lrqErBucHV3Pjy02gua.0Y3gmq_UVgWvxyPtKDiTi2m8hw1TrQuLZRB80xSpgdhPwNpy8nCr8wE6iL7SGGcGu8EGYRf9fpQc1TWMO70CuCjqjoJbDmycBXTr.NbpIv.wAxhhwhvc5LlsF_Z_z27Fx69lfaSbItMKZ1lgYlURbNUpSuvpkCPJDsGIaFiJq0.0K431YWX_m_YWgxcXFEwP52krpOJHpKO0BmV0U6ne4xIUd6ouAa0A4E1rrwi0OlvYIa.WnxL0yYUmWERsNufhK7BY44bUafsss3Rf0OUPmZQ1q9XDwq1WdOZ4pBu7N1EMDJuELL0PCEYQaxODtwnNgl3VNqmGFQ0h0QIaLFCf7Z7JzopmH1gvILoYkmpLRJOY9kBMxIEShAuNmCUEn",mdrd: "sYyHgMytA2.VmndCul3BRjR5ZrN9Rp0Np4FiShX.oYE-1740945614-1.2.1.1-UlEjyxTyweJzhmRkO_JmtTgJ5Tg.znYo4HLKPwjPOwkN0vGFbhcW4XclbWaujQsZep4.gQNI_IaXO9_BVj9fPDz1R0s2SVd9MYYBlniu4AzDxM0pWwdQhE3.LSz6.tSPje_6o2QnqyJM9RIJWBbZ20FEOfA9qIXkhHhei7g39bp90AVCJFEhkeuSj4GNvf1I_oy1L.tUQPNRxd37EPXmlwfTjnMiHJ2CmqA2CZVbz58ApBsz8BwdUUAGEVbGdLwc_Dga9jv64ZS_Vtdf_u7epfjqeoxEPqP_zh2J5OshyAwEL3EA4JRWYD3QFTNQyMQ2jRBibCWlNnzM5r8K1bjeB7oXh.kozKv8CIcU2dypSwNvppRnLTWhhSsZTzcGPSn6t045LE6FwZBNInK75dkPBGwdkUyhlf6jd_542tzAbVZJSxwE.w4cwMnoTu3KzKp3Y2piZN_cliVJCUzv_2YzSKpAbbYxrN1g3dRHPLgqrn8MDFv3HDnxSC8jRm7gaLu95YVNI1ewWSYalMBfavcu8dufYiLBmfforSK3XzTshfaeK3pDTYrwXxS1aYcRlgq653qI.RhnGae._xeFfuNdvdBqo1g1HDDJ4vH9CyGRw_XH0efUVA6VuuPFhHP8gLIOz_fz6YoVgq_.CleOl1zpTbEJ7oXqvGML_IDz3N914Iy4blr.MTtCbIEkujA6DBBZv88bN5uZY.CDZTDf5vtmgZ_M7P3XVwk_tl5BdSYBQqEW74EBWKgBXdvmoL6MwTdDMFsbbeheQV7M3OVWJ9Xd02aNAydC7mbI4vjWo3oatEUt2r8a7o_4KuMsIkIEfVpTBFMX6UBuuIqom3SfULGW_k7wdSEsFYYYevb9HdpTNXQnZ4humC_p_eHrJzSl4nR2S4N1lhPu3jyP_06lJfgdWgZOr1yf0_P2AM8J.xVSQvg5PQPBU5q7e_paLUYrFVmR2sRGCAK93ZpbfD_AtzO2PqKidLLZgoQ.WEgO2HpQsrD7c91LWwM1HUiRl2suZYJCGA17LMqF6Uf90G453VYkggxEt3m6sJX0y3fJ245dvwrH_hZF9ALvE6iVOUlJ2y3SpcWpUgWBymz99bToOlFVlXyhHWkae77Bb9oXWZMgRggxN7nwSEIzCZu1kYE0JdaGzhwAi.aEES8rP.Yd5tjnrPS30vQc3aR0_3eKaNPKA56.QGFhWOKH6IUlqZw.UdLhcZP45ozyd5HmzmZ8aK4BDq3CvhfgD07fRy.B5edFhVnoGltVE7kSfMBIZD.ChlyopAWuyaQtL8NzasyPLLyuwrLVmyCVQswhsQnX7Y2OyVbcjJDK.qykqDsJZ469EDYNW9xPmeK_9motOLrrq79EPu48zB2Hnz8FH8BxWv26BLIh.O.5h02j8nVo2MIvAQH4g_PbBCdSuyRV_tM22SAibt3gUhymsXvNV0RVlK3BSUepD_dFRLD0j7kx0icD0..tKtJBQmjSH2f1K0nSiQXETedo1EErZo3C4XIO7LL_svA4FRQNu_Aqqhau7p__R9f5gwYAT9Us74TraqSSvL.DTLgo_yD0QxzZRAx.DYZkGqU8SBl7cSKcOgIYJAHJ4tVlLsypeiZ41ABHtkZKia2K2DW8zAwbL0iRDI4x8bvRcinUQze3YuduoUy2na6nUooE1xZfbqpO.FMtk6FJuHDgI.TJALbsJQXntWHy_kwHvfEtl7EG_GV3P2R7j947AIqM_eNuvqBNaeWruXbn3f4VXtHfiJQJ0.k.CjHhvWEcDA1B1CC7P2JhQ4pj1EDWTNAFPBJsTz3YFYIcZA3SIXdZrh6lUF2J41KNcV35vB8f0ATCwOA69zfJESxwhajVQtbpbPogXkuGnYph.BzDSy3ii7pPxw6D_U2Mo3oFAD__map60RhXCaU.sljF6R9YwD5mPkZWjOeUxz.8yyLgDrXCkbLkwuoYWwjD.xgPveCxPwN06tSuu448lNR3acoG4iR9.vufzUyNsal7sPTgE2khtA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91a37aaaee0ac8b5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Marwa%20S.%20Hassan&__cf_chl_rt_tk=6m95HclzJt_vnTidUJqt22cV4X_ccDST_Dhp6qZGc.s-1740945614-1.0.1.1-qQdhGZzY_nWPknkpv2lsPlb8rHLYGR5Z5gNqHv0jtZA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>