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aria-controls="toc-Liv_og_virke-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Liv og virke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Liv_og_virke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bakgrunn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bakgrunn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karriere_i_Firenze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karriere_i_Firenze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Karriere i Firenze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karriere_i_Firenze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_eksil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_eksil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>I eksil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_eksil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forfatterskapet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forfatterskapet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Forfatterskapet</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Forfatterskapet-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Forfatterskapet</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Forfatterskapet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fyrsten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fyrsten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>Fyrsten</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fyrsten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_verk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_verk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Andre verk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_verk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Machiavellis_betydning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machiavellis_betydning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Machiavellis betydning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machiavellis_betydning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psykologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psykologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Psykologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psykologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Niccolò Machiavelli</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 147 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-147" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">147 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%AC%E1%88%8A" title="ማካቬሊ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማካቬሊ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Макиавелли, Никколо – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Макиавелли, Никколо" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="نيكولو مكيافيلي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولو مكيافيلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%85_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Նիքոլօ Մաքիավելլի – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիքոլօ Մաքիավելլի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="म्याकियावेली – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="म्याकियावेली" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maquiavelo" title="Nicolás Maquiavelo – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Nicolás Maquiavelo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавелли – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Никколо Макиавелли" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolo_Machiavelli" title="Niccolo Machiavelli – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Niccolo Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkolo_Makiavelli" title="Nikkolo Makiavelli – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nikkolo Makiavelli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نیکولا ماکیاولی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیکولا ماکیاولی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="নিক্কোলো মাকিয়াভেল্লি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিক্কোলো মাকিয়াভেল্লি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавелли – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Никколо Макиавелли" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Нікало Макіявелі – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нікало Макіявелі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Нікалё Мак’явэльлі – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нікалё Мак’явэльлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="निकोलो मैकियावेली – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="निकोलो मैकियावेली" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Николо Макиавели – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Николо Макиавели" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolau_Maquiavel" title="Nicolau Maquiavel – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nicolau Maquiavel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Макиавелли Никколо – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Макиавелли Никколо" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Νικολό Μακιαβέλι – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νικολό Μακιαβέλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Макиавелли, Никколо – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Макиавелли, Никколо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maquiavelo" title="Nicolás Maquiavelo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicolás Maquiavelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makiavelo" title="Makiavelo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Makiavelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolas_Makiavelo" title="Nikolas Makiavelo – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nikolas Makiavelo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نیکولو ماکیاولی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکولو ماکیاولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Machiavel" title="Nicolas Machiavel – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nicolas Machiavel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machiavelli" title="Machiavelli – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EB%A7%88%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84%EB%B2%A8%EB%A6%AC" title="니콜로 마키아벨리 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니콜로 마키아벨리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Նիկոլո Մաքիավելի – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկոլո Մաքիավելի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="निकोलो मैकियावेली – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निकोलो मैकियावेली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Макиавелли, Никколо – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Макиавелли, Никколо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="ניקולו מקיאוולי – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניקולו מקיאוולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნიკოლო მაკიაველი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიკოლო მაკიაველი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавелли – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Никколо Макиавелли" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolo_Machiavelli" title="Niccolo Machiavelli – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Niccolo Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Machiavel" title="Nicolas Machiavel – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nicolas Machiavel" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавелли – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Никколо Макиавелли" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaus_Machiavelli" title="Nicolaus Machiavelli – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nicolaus Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolo_Makjavelli" title="Nikolo Makjavelli – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nikolo Makjavelli" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichiozo_Macciavello" title="Nichiozo Macciavello – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Nichiozo Macciavello" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Николо Макијавели – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Николо Макијавели" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Machiavel" title="Nicolas Machiavel – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nicolas Machiavel" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="നിക്കോളോ മാക്കിയവെല്ലി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിക്കോളോ മാക്കിയവെല്ലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="निकोलॉ माक्याव्हेल्ली – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निकोलॉ माक्याव्हेल्ली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ნიკოლო მაკიაველი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიკოლო მაკიაველი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89" title="نيكولو ماكيافيللى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولو ماكيافيللى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نیکولو ماکیاولی – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیکولو ماکیاولی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolo_Machiavelli" title="Niccolo Machiavelli – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Niccolo Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавэлли – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Никколо Макиавэлли" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавелли – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Никколо Макиавелли" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE" title="မက်ခီယာဗယ်လီ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ခီယာဗယ်လီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="निकोलो म्याकियाभेली – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="निकोलो म्याकियाभेली" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%AA" title="ニッコロ・マキャヴェッリ – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニッコロ・マキャヴェッリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Макиавелли, Никколо – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Макиавелли, Никколо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolau_Maquiav%C3%A8l" title="Nicolau Maquiavèl – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nicolau Maquiavèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਨਿਕੋਲੋ ਮੈਕਿਆਵੇਲੀ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਕੋਲੋ ਮੈਕਿਆਵੇਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نکولو مکیاولی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نکولو مکیاولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90" title="نېكولو مكياوېلې – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نېكولو مكياوېلې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolau_Maquiavel" title="Nicolau Maquiavel – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nicolau Maquiavel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkolo_Makiavelli" title="Nikkolo Makiavelli – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nikkolo Makiavelli" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccolo_Machiavelli" title="Niccolo Machiavelli – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Niccolo Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Нікколо Макіавеллі – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нікколо Макіавеллі" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Макиавелли, Никколо – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макиавелли, Никколо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni-ke-low.Ma-ci-ya-wi-li%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%AF%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9" title="Ni-ke-low.Ma-ci-ya-wi-li尼可羅·馬基亞維利 – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ni-ke-low.Ma-ci-ya-wi-li尼可羅·馬基亞維利" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱱᱤᱠᱳᱞᱳ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱭᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱤᱠᱳᱞᱳ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱭᱟᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolo_Makiaveli" title="Nikolo Makiaveli – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nikolo Makiaveli" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86_%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8E%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نیکۆلۆ مەکیاڤێلی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیکۆلۆ مەکیاڤێلی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Николо Макијавели – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Николо Макијавели" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="நிக்கோலோ மாக்கியவெல்லி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிக்கோலோ மாக்கியவெல்லி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niqulu_Makyabilli" title="Niqulu Makyabilli – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Niqulu Makyabilli" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkolo_Makiavelli" title="Nikkolo Makiavelli – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Nikkolo Makiavelli" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Никколо Макиавелли – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Никколо Макиавелли" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80" title="మాకియవెలీ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాకియవెలీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="นิกโกเลาะ มาเกียเวลลี – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิกโกเลาะ มาเกียเวลลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Никколу Мокиовеллӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Никколу Мокиовеллӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkolo_Makiawelli" title="Nikkolo Makiawelli – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Nikkolo Makiawelli" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Нікколо Макіавеллі – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нікколо Макіавеллі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نکولو مکیاویلی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نکولو مکیاویلی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makiavelli_Nikkolo" title="Makiavelli Nikkolo – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Makiavelli Nikkolo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%BA%E9%9B%85%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9" title="尼科洛·马基雅维利 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼科洛·马基雅维利" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99" title="ניקאלא מאקיאוועלי – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניקאלא מאקיאוועלי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%9F%BA%E9%9B%85%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9" title="馬基雅維利 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬基雅維利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%9F%BA%E9%9B%85%E7%B6%AD%E5%88%A9" title="尼古洛·馬基雅維利 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼古洛·馬基雅維利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Niccolò Machiavelli" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1399#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks 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td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24461009"><table class="infobox infoboks biografi fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Niccolò Machiavelli</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg/250px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg/375px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg/500px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2783" data-file-height="3576" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P1477 edit-props-P569 edit-props-P19">Født</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/3._mai" title="3. mai">3. mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-4edbb67c9bc41a677d576f33e09f220b620850be_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-4edbb67c9bc41a677d576f33e09f220b620850be-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-d2bdfad91dfff17c7c02f0075e7275c42a6ecc0f_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-d2bdfad91dfff17c7c02f0075e7275c42a6ecc0f-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-b001a6e734780f5b8c95ce868a8f86c4f4e30785_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-b001a6e734780f5b8c95ce868a8f86c4f4e30785-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399?uselang=nb#P569" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><span><span><a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P570 edit-props-P20 edit-props-P509">Død</span></th><td colspan="2"><span><a href="/wiki/21._juni" title="21. juni">21. juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-4edbb67c9bc41a677d576f33e09f220b620850be_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-4edbb67c9bc41a677d576f33e09f220b620850be-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-c57f13f3e0a4a5f17f29ba72ace29a0fb23bd8ff_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-c57f13f3e0a4a5f17f29ba72ace29a0fb23bd8ff-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-d2bdfad91dfff17c7c02f0075e7275c42a6ecc0f_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-d2bdfad91dfff17c7c02f0075e7275c42a6ecc0f-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399?uselang=nb#P570" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> (58 år)<br /><span><span>Sant'Andrea in Percussina</span>, <span><a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Beskjeftigelse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Skribent_(beskjeftigelse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skribent (beskjeftigelse)">Skribent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politiker" title="Politiker">politiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historiker" title="Historiker">historiker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosof">filosof</a>, politisk teoretiker, militærteoretiker, <a href="/wiki/Oversetter" class="mw-redirect" title="Oversetter">oversetter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">lyriker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dramatiker" title="Dramatiker">dramatiker</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399?uselang=nb#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Utdannet ved</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Firenze" title="Universitetet i Firenze">Universitetet i Firenze</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Ektefelle</th><td colspan="2">Marietta Corsini</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Far</th><td colspan="2">Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Mor</th><td colspan="2">Bartolomea di Stefano Nelli<sup id="cite_ref-hash-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Søsken</th><td colspan="2">Totto Machiavelli</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Barn</th><td colspan="2">Piero Macchiavelli<br />Bartolomea Macciavelli<br />Bernardo Macciavelli<br />Ludovico Macciavelli<br />Guido Machiavelli</td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Nasjonalitet</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Den_florentinske_republikk" title="Den florentinske republikk">Den florentinske republikk</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Gravlagt</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Croce_(Firenze)" title="Basilica di Santa Croce (Firenze)">Basilica di Santa Croce</a><br />Tomb of Niccolò Machiavelli</td></tr> <tr class="overskrift" valign="top"><td colspan="4">Signatur</td></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Machiavelli_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Niccolò Machiavellis signatur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Machiavelli_Signature.svg/250px-Machiavelli_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Machiavelli_Signature.svg/375px-Machiavelli_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Machiavelli_Signature.svg/500px-Machiavelli_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="50" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="overskrift" valign="top"><td colspan="4">Våpenskjold</td></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Arms_of_the_house_of_Macchiavelli.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Niccolò Machiavellis våpenskjold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arms_of_the_house_of_Macchiavelli.svg/250px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Macchiavelli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arms_of_the_house_of_Macchiavelli.svg/375px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Macchiavelli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Arms_of_the_house_of_Macchiavelli.svg/500px-Arms_of_the_house_of_Macchiavelli.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli</b> (født <a href="/wiki/3._mai" title="3. mai">3. mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a> i <a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a>, død <a href="/wiki/21._juni" title="21. juni">21. juni</a> <a href="/wiki/1527" title="1527">1527</a> samme sted) var en italiensk forfatter, statsmann, <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a> og <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosof</a>. Frem til sin forvisning bodde han i <a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a> i <a href="/wiki/Renessansen" title="Renessansen">renessansen</a> som en av denne periodens mest sentrale personer. Han regnes av mange som <a href="/wiki/Statsvitenskap" title="Statsvitenskap">statsvitenskapens</a> far. Hans mest kjente verk som forfatter var <i><a href="/wiki/Fyrsten" title="Fyrsten">Fyrsten</a></i> som ble utgitt i 1532, fem år etter hans død. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liv_og_virke">Liv og virke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Liv og virke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Liv og virke"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bakgrunn">Bakgrunn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Bakgrunn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niccolò Machiavelli var sønn av <a href="/wiki/Advokat" title="Advokat">advokaten</a> Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli og Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli. Slekten Machiavelli var gammel florentinsk <a href="/wiki/Adel" title="Adel">adel</a>, kjent siden forfaren Ottaviano (som levde rundt 1260) tok parti i det politiske maktspillet, men ættens makt hadde blitt utvannet. </p><p>I 1504 innledet Machiavelli studier i <a href="/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk">grammatikk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aritmetikk" title="Aritmetikk">aritmetikk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> hos den da kjente latinforskeren Paolo da Roncigliones, ved - tror man - <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Firenze" title="Universitetet i Firenze">universitetet i Firenze</a>. Han fordypet seg i studier av <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikkens</a> forfattere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karriere_i_Firenze">Karriere i Firenze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Karriere i Firenze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Karriere i Firenze"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slekten <a href="/wiki/Medici" title="Medici">Medici</a> mistet makten i Firenze i 1494, samme år som Machiavelli gjorde karriere innen statsforvaltningen. Han ble nest<a href="/wiki/Kansler" title="Kansler">kansler</a> og dermed det florentinske byråkratiets andre overhode. Han etterfulgte Adriani, som samme år ble kansler. Han skaffet seg da stor praktisk kunnskap om militære og utenrikspolitiske spørsmål, som han skulle få nytte av senere i sitt forfatterskap. <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a> styrte republikken til han i 1498 ble brent på bål. </p><p>I 1498 var Firenze omsider kvitt utenlandske invasjonsstyrker, Savonarolas <a href="/wiki/Teokrati" title="Teokrati">teokrati</a> og Medici-familiens <a href="/wiki/Diktatur" title="Diktatur">diktatur</a>, og byens ledere grep sjansen til å gjenopplive republikken. Machiavelli var da ansatt ved kanselliet, og da Piero Soderini (1452-1522) ble utnevnt til byens <i>gonfalonier</i> (høyeste <a href="/wiki/Magistrat" title="Magistrat">magistrat</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> valgte han Machiavelli til sin rådgiver. Det var en stri oppgave, ettersom Medici-familien tok mål av seg til å gjenvinne makten i byen. Soderini vedtok et forbud mot enhver forbindelse med og omtale av familien Medici. Det ble til og med satt en pris på hodene deres.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I denne perioden befant Machiavelli seg i sentrum for det politiske spillet, både innad i Den florentinske republikken og utenrikspolitisk, samt for <a href="/wiki/Pave" title="Pave">pavevalget</a> i <a href="/wiki/Den_katolske_kirke" title="Den katolske kirke">den katolske kirken</a>. Republikken utnevnte ham til diplomat, og han reiste i denne egenskap til <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> i 1500, 1504 og 1510 for å forhandle med <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_XII_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig XII av Frankrike">Ludvig XII</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kardinal" title="Kardinal">kardinalen</a> av <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>. I 1508 ble han sendt til <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I_av_Det_tysk-romerske_rike" title="Maximilian I av Det tysk-romerske rike">keiser Maximilians</a> <a href="/wiki/Hoff" title="Hoff">hoff</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a>. Han ble kjent med pave <a href="/wiki/Alexander_VI" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VIs</a> sønn, <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Borgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesare Borgia">Cesare Borgia</a> i 1502 under et oppdrag som <i><a href="/wiki/Sendemann" title="Sendemann">envoyé</a></i> i <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Romagna</a>. Denne Borgia skulle bli mye brukt som eksempel i boken <i>Fyrsten</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Faltignano,_casa_di_machiavelli,_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Faltignano%2C_casa_di_machiavelli%2C_02.JPG/350px-Faltignano%2C_casa_di_machiavelli%2C_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Faltignano%2C_casa_di_machiavelli%2C_02.JPG/525px-Faltignano%2C_casa_di_machiavelli%2C_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Faltignano%2C_casa_di_machiavelli%2C_02.JPG/700px-Faltignano%2C_casa_di_machiavelli%2C_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Casa Machiavelli, hans landsted dit han ble forvist.</figcaption></figure> <p>Machiavelli giftet seg i 1501 med adelsdamen Marietta Corsini, og fikk fem barn med henne. Lite er ellers kjent om deres ekteskap. Blant de 300 brevene til og fra Machiavelli og hans bekjente finnes ingen brev fra ham til Marietta, men i atskillige brev til familiemedlemmer, som til sønnen Guido, uttrykker han omsorg for sin kone. Bare ett er bevart fra Marietta til Machiavelli. I dette brevet fra 1503 skriver hun at hun savner sin mann og bekymrer seg for helsen hans. Hun skriver om deres nyfødte sønn: «Siden han ligner deg, ser han vakker ut for meg.» Hun avslutter sin hilsen med ordene: «Husk å komme hjem.» <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_eksil">I eksil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: I eksil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen I eksil"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Da Medici-familien marsjerte mot Firenze i spissen for spanske tropper innleid av pave <a href="/wiki/Julius_II" title="Julius II">Julius II</a>, fikk Machiavelli ansvaret for byens forsvarsverker. Men på tross av alle anstrengelser kunne ikke styrkene hans klare seg mot pavens tropper, som i 1512 jevnet Prato med jorden, en befestet by i nærheten av Firenze. Soderini så ingen annen utvei enn å overgi Firenze. Machiavelli snudde kappen etter vinden og satte alt inn på en stilling i Giovanni de'Medicis embetsverk, men i stedet ble han fengslet og utsatt for <a href="/wiki/Tortur" title="Tortur">tortur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I 1513 ble medicéeren <a href="/wiki/Leo_X" title="Leo X">Leo X</a> valgt til pave, og Machiavelli løslatt før desember samme år, trolig etter pavens ordre. Han ble til gjengjeld sendt i livsvarig <a href="/wiki/Eksil" title="Eksil">forvisning</a> til sitt landsted <i>San Casciano</i>, et eksil han led voldsomt under. For å overleve, la han seg til faste vaner, stod opp med solen og drev gårdsarbeid og friluftsliv. «Når kvelden kommer, går jeg hjem og inn i mitt studerkammer,» skrev han. Ved døren inn dit la han bort de tilsølte hverdagsklærne og tok på seg sitt antrekk fra årene med besøk ved Europas ulike hoff, og «så går jeg inn i gamle hus til svunne tiders mennesker». Her viet han seg til sitt forfatterskap og skrev <i>Fyrsten</i>, der sluttkapitlet heter «Oppfordring til å befri Italia fra <a href="/wiki/Barbar" title="Barbar">barbarene</a>».<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soderini fikk en lignende skjebne. Han var flyktet til <a href="/wiki/Ragusa" class="mw-disambig" title="Ragusa">Ragusa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, der han holdt seg helt til Leo X ble valgt til pave og kalte ham til Roma. Der ble Soderini boende resten av livet som en av pavens yndlinger, opptatt med arbeid for Firenzes sak, men fikk ikke lov til å gjense hjembyen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Også Machiavelli ble på en måte tatt til nåde av Medici-familien da de i 1519 hyret ham til å skrive en utredning om en ny <a href="/wiki/Konstitusjon" title="Konstitusjon">konstitusjon</a> i Firenze. Machiavelli publiserte derfor en <a href="/wiki/Avhandling" title="Avhandling">avhandling</a> under tittelen <i>Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze</i> (Avhandling om staten Firenzes reformering). Året etter fikk han i oppdrag å skrive et historieverk om Firenze. </p><p>Machiavelli ligger begravet i <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Croce_(Firenze)" title="Basilica di Santa Croce (Firenze)">Basilica di Santa Croce</a> i Firenze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forfatterskapet">Forfatterskapet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forfatterskapet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forfatterskapet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Duke-Lorenzo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Duke-Lorenzo.jpg/250px-Duke-Lorenzo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Duke-Lorenzo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Den siste utgaven av <i>Fyrsten</i> var dedisert til <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorenzo de' Medici">Lorenzo de' Medici</a> som regjerte Firenze fra 1513 til 1519.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fyrsten"><i>Fyrsten</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fyrsten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fyrsten"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I dag er kanskje Machiavelli mest kjent for behandlingen av <a href="/wiki/Makt" title="Makt">maktbegrepet</a> som man finner i boken <i><a href="/wiki/Fyrsten" title="Fyrsten">Fyrsten</a></i>. Boken er skrevet som en tale til en kommende fyrste og fremstår som en praktisk håndbok for ledere (et <a href="/wiki/Fyrstespeil" title="Fyrstespeil">fyrstespeil</a> – derav navnet) som en filosofisk drøfting av begrepet makt. </p><p>Bokens tilnærming til makt oppfattes som like aktuell i dag som på 1500-tallet, selv om tankene om temaet både den gang og nå blir kritisert av enkelte for å være kyniske. Machiavelli er tydelig på at en makthaver har rett til å bruke alle midler i statens interesse, men dette forutsetter en uklanderlig personlig moral, og at statens interesser og fyrstens personlige interesser må holdes skarpt adskilt. </p><p>Utsagnet «hensikten helliger midlet» blir av og til tillagt Machiavelli, men det er ikke et sitat av ham. Feilen kan skyldes at dette er en av flere mulige, men kanskje en noe ekstrem tolkning av hans verk <i><a href="/wiki/Fyrsten" title="Fyrsten">Fyrsten</a></i>, men tolkningen overser viktige elementer i hans drøfting. </p><p>Machiavellis egentlige hensikt med <i>Fyrsten</i> var ikke så åpenbar på overflaten. Machiavelli var republikaner - han mente personlig at det beste for de italienske bystater ikke var fyrsteveldet, men den republikanske styreformen. Dette fremkommer ikke åpent uttrykt i boken, men enkelte av hans sentrale råd til fyrsten av Firenze er egnet til å fremme det republikanske mål. </p> <ul><li>Han fraråder frikostighet og tilråder bedrag for å sikre seg folkets støtte. -- Men samtidig er Machiavelli klar over at et tidligere pro-republikansk kuppforsøk slo feil på grunn av befolkningens passivitet - noe som skyldtes fyrstens frikostighet.</li> <li>Han går inn for at befolkningen bevæpnes, -- selv om han vet at florentinerne er klart pro-demokratiske og klart misfornøyd med fyrstesystemet.</li> <li>Han oppfordret fyrsten til å bosette seg i den byen han erobrer. -- Dette var i strid med Medicis vanlige politikk om å residere utenfor byen. Bor man inne i byen, er faren for å bli styrtet av opprørere eller en borgermilitia større.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andre_verk">Andre verk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Andre verk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Andre verk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Santa_Croce_Firenze_Apr_2008_(20).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Santa_Croce_Firenze_Apr_2008_%2820%29.JPG/250px-Santa_Croce_Firenze_Apr_2008_%2820%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Santa_Croce_Firenze_Apr_2008_%2820%29.JPG/375px-Santa_Croce_Firenze_Apr_2008_%2820%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Santa_Croce_Firenze_Apr_2008_%2820%29.JPG/500px-Santa_Croce_Firenze_Apr_2008_%2820%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Machiavellis gravsted i <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Croce_di_Firenze" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze">Santa Croce-kirken</a> i Firenze.</figcaption></figure> <p>Trolig ville det vært vanskelig å finne noen som åpent erkjenner at han har latt seg influere av <i>Fyrsten</i>. Hans avhandlinger (med titlene <i>Discorsi</i>), har i stedet mange henvist til, som <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> og <a href="/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu">Charles Montesquieu</a>. Det <i>Fyrsten</i> mangler av etiske standpunkt finnes i høyere grad i disse. <i>Discorsi sopra la Prima Deca di Tito Livio</i> er en avhandling om <a href="/wiki/Livius" class="mw-redirect" title="Livius">Livius</a>, hvor Machiavelli uttrykker sympatier med <a href="/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk">republikkanisme</a> og kritikk mot <a href="/wiki/Pontifikat" title="Pontifikat">pontifikatet</a>. Kontrasten mot idealen man kan lese ut av <i>Fyrsten</i> er så iøynefallende at de ikke kan overses når de leses, om forfatterens intensjon skal tas med i betraktningen. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sven-Eric_Liedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sven-Eric Liedman (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sven-Eric Liedman</a> anser at Machiavellis politiske teorier kan sammenfattes i tre punkter: </p> <ul><li>Menneskets natur er uforanderlig: mennesket er selvisk, aggressivt, grådig og maktlystent, men har behov for trygghet og sikkerhet.</li> <li>Historien er relativ: uten noen merkbar filosofisk eller historievitenskapelig innsikt mener Machiavelli at forutsetningene skifter, og derfor mangler historievitenskapelige analogier, eller idealer hentet fra <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikken</a>.</li> <li>En separasjon mellom samfunnsmoralen og fyrstens moral: medborgernes moral bør faststilles av fyrsten, som kun bør ha nasjonens interesse i sinne.</li></ul> <p>Liedman sammenligner ham med <a href="/wiki/Marsilius_av_Padova" title="Marsilius av Padova">Marsilius av Padova</a>, og legger hans idéer til de forutsetninger som også førte til <a href="/wiki/Reformasjonen" title="Reformasjonen">reformasjonen</a>: bruddet mellom kirken og staten, og en framvoksende borgerklasse med den endrede sosioøkonomiske situasjonen som dette innebar.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Andre verk Machiavelli skrev som ennå leses er den kyniske <a href="/wiki/Komedie" title="Komedie">komedien</a> <i>Mandragola</i> og et historieverk om Firenze. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Machiavellis_betydning">Machiavellis betydning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Machiavellis betydning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Machiavellis betydning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Machiavel_Offices_Florence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Machiavel_Offices_Florence.jpg/250px-Machiavel_Offices_Florence.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="443" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Machiavel_Offices_Florence.jpg/375px-Machiavel_Offices_Florence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Machiavel_Offices_Florence.jpg/500px-Machiavel_Offices_Florence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Niccolò di Bernando dei Machiavelli</figcaption></figure> <p>Machiavellis verk er noen av de viktigste kildene til <a href="/wiki/Renessansen" title="Renessansen">renessansens</a> politiske idéverden. Han sammenlignes ofte med sin venn <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Francesco Guicciardini</a>, som var minst like desillusjonert, og som også skrev et historieverk om Firenze. </p><p>Sett i et idéhistorisk perspektiv settes Machiavelli vanligvis i relasjon til renessansens brudd med det <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderske</a> <a href="/wiki/Teokrati" title="Teokrati">teokratiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Stat" title="Stat">statsbegrepet</a> som bygget på <a href="/wiki/Augustinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustinus">Augustinus</a>' <i>Gudsstaten</i>. Legitimeringen av staten ble stadig mer sekularisert, og krevde nye forklaringer i forbindelse med at pontifikatets stat i enda høyere grad begynte å bli sett som en verden i verden, eller underordnet kongedømmet, men i samtlige tilfeller fratatt den verdslige makten. Ut fra dette perspektivet har Machiavelli iblant fått æren for å ha grunnlagt den moderne <a href="/wiki/Statsvitenskap" title="Statsvitenskap">statsvitenskapen</a>. </p><p>Det finnes ulike oppfatninger om hvor dyptgående og på hvilken måte hans konkrete idéer har blitt en del av vestens politiske idéhistorie. Ifølge John Pocock med fler ligger idéene bak såvel <i>Fyrsten</i> som <i>Discorso</i> til grunn for den amerikanske konstitusjonen. <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> mener at Machiavelli i <i>Discorsi</i> tar opp idéer i <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platons</a> <i>Statsmannen</i> og utvikler teorien om maktbalansen, og at han dermed er en viktig bakgrunn for <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberalismens</a> intellektuelle arv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sven-Eric_Liedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sven-Eric Liedman (ikke skrevet ennå)">Liedman</a> på sin side ser likheter mellom Machiavelli og <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, og lar spørsmålet om hvorvidt disse er forbilder for den moderne totalitære staten stå åpent.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>”Machiavellisme”, et <a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">eponym</a> som betyr <a href="/wiki/Despotisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Despotisme">despotisme</a>, antyder imidlertid den tradisjonelle tilnærmingen til Machiavelli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psykologi">Psykologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Psykologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Psykologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Machiavellisme" title="Machiavellisme">Machiavellisme</a> </p> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Machiavellisme" title="Machiavellisme">Machiavellisme</a> er også en term som noen psykologer anvender for å beskrive en persons tilbøyelighet til å være følelsesmessig kald og uberørt, som har en tendens stille seg over konvensjonell moral ved å bedra og manipulere andre. På 1960-tallet utviklet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Christie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Christie (ikke skrevet ennå)">Richard Christie</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_L._Geis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence L. Geis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Florence L. Geis</a> en test for å måle en persons nivå av machiavellianisme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Biografier</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trond_Berg_Eriksen" title="Trond Berg Eriksen">Trond Berg Eriksen</a> <i>Machiavelli - Reven i hønsegården</i>, 2006 <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788215010724" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788215010724</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Verk av Machiavelli</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Discorso sopra le cose di Pisa,</i> 1499</li> <li><i>Del modo di trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati,</i> 1502</li> <li><i>Del modo tenuto dal duca Valentino nell' ammazzare Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, etc.,</i> 1502</li> <li><i>Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro,</i> 1502</li> <li><i>Decennale primo</i>, 1506</li> <li><i>Ritratti delle cose dell'Alemagna,</i> 1508–1512</li> <li><i>Decennale secondo,</i> 1509</li> <li><i>Ritratti delle cose di Francia,</i> 1510</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discorsi_sopra_la_prima_deca_di_Tito_Livio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio (ikke skrevet ennå)">Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio</a>,</i> 3 vol., 1512–1517</li> <li><i>Il Principe</i>, 1513 (<i><a href="/wiki/Fyrsten" title="Fyrsten">Fyrsten</a></i>)</li> <li><i>Andria,</i> 1513 (?)</li> <li><i>Mandragola,</i></li> <li><i>Della lingua</i> (dialog), 1514</li> <li><i>Clizia,</i> 1515 (?)</li> <li><i>Belfagor arcidiavolo</i>, 1515</li> <li><i>Asino d'oro</i>, 1517</li> <li><i>Dell'arte della guerra,</i> 1519–1520</li> <li><i>Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze,</i> 1520</li> <li><i>Sommario delle cose della citta di Lucca,</i> 1520</li> <li><i>Vita di Castruccio Castracani da Lucca,</i> 1520</li> <li><i>Istorie fiorentine,</i> 8 bøker, 1521–1525</li> <li><i>Frammenti storici,</i> 1525</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hash-4edbb67c9bc41a677d576f33e09f220b620850be-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-4edbb67c9bc41a677d576f33e09f220b620850be_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-4edbb67c9bc41a677d576f33e09f220b620850be_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</span></span>, oppført som <span><span>Niccolo Machiavelli</span></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Niccolo-Machiavelli">biography/Niccolo-Machiavelli</a></span></span>, besøkt 13. november 2020<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-d2bdfad91dfff17c7c02f0075e7275c42a6ecc0f-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-d2bdfad91dfff17c7c02f0075e7275c42a6ecc0f_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hash-d2bdfad91dfff17c7c02f0075e7275c42a6ecc0f_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>BeWeb</span></span>, BeWeB person-ID <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beweb.chiesacattolica.it/persone/persona/528/">528</a></span></span>, besøkt 13. februar 2021<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-b001a6e734780f5b8c95ce868a8f86c4f4e30785-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-b001a6e734780f5b8c95ce868a8f86c4f4e30785_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Dizionario_Biografico_degli_Italiani" title="Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani">Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</a></span></span>, oppført som <span><span>MACHIAVELLI, Niccolò</span></span>, Dizionario biografico degli italiani <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/niccolo-machiavelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)">niccolo-machiavelli</a></span></span>, besøkt 13. november 2020<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-c57f13f3e0a4a5f17f29ba72ace29a0fb23bd8ff-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-c57f13f3e0a4a5f17f29ba72ace29a0fb23bd8ff_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span><a href="/wiki/Dizionario_Biografico_degli_Italiani" title="Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani">Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</a></span></span>, oppført som <span><span>MACHIAVELLI, Niccolò</span></span>, Dizionario biografico degli italiani <span><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/niccolo-machiavelli_(Dizionario-Biografico)">niccolo-machiavelli</a></span></span>, besøkt 13. januar 2023<sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-56296c22fda8ff0509f71ed7cc067bcbe11856ac_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>Genealogics</span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Piero-di-Tommaso-Soderini">Piero Soderini</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissance/machiavelli.html">https://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissance/machiavelli.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legalhistorysources.com/Machiavelli/PapersDrafts2000/TenPaper.htm">Machiavellis ekteskap</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissance/machiavelli.html">https://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/renaissance/machiavelli.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Arnold Toynbee: <i>Historien i nytt lys</i> (s. 202), Gyldendal norsk forlag, 1949</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Piero-di-Tommaso-Soderini">Piero Soderini</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Liedman, a.a., s.87-91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Liedman, a.a., s.7</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" class="extiw" title="commons:Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm0532608">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> på <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p345"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399?uselang=nb#P345" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoviedb.org/person/28209">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> hos <a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Database" title="The Movie Database">The Movie Database</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p4985"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399?uselang=nb#P4985" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403171327/http://www2.lucidcafe.com/lucidcafe/lucidcafe/library/96may/machiavelli.html">Detaljert biografi</a></li></ul> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no.wikisource.org/wiki/Hovedside" title="s:Hovedside"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/14px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/21px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><a href="https://no.wikisource.org/wiki/Forfatter:Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" class="extiw" title="s:Forfatter:Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> – originaltekster av og om forfatteren fra <a href="/wiki/Wikikilden" title="Wikikilden">Wikikilden</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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