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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-At_the_end_of_prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_the_end_of_prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>At the end of prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-At_the_end_of_prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_selection_of_the_site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_selection_of_the_site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>The selection of the site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_selection_of_the_site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_ancient_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_ancient_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>The ancient city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_ancient_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>Late antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Early Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>French Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenian_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>Armenian community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighbouring_Communes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbouring_Communes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Neighbouring Communes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighbouring_Communes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relief_and_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief_and_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Relief and geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Hydrography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plain_of_Valence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plain_of_Valence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Plain of Valence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plain_of_Valence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Vegetation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Road network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Underground_project_of_the_A7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underground_project_of_the_A7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Underground project of the A7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underground_project_of_the_A7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valence_ring_road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valence_ring_road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Valence ring road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valence_ring_road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_bridges_of_Valence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_bridges_of_Valence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The bridges of Valence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_bridges_of_Valence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gare_de_Valence-Ville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gare_de_Valence-Ville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Gare de Valence-Ville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gare_de_Valence-Ville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gare_de_Valence_TGV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gare_de_Valence_TGV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Gare de Valence TGV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gare_de_Valence_TGV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inland_waterway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inland_waterway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Inland waterway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inland_waterway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-service_bicycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-service_bicycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Self-service bicycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-service_bicycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Urban planning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urban_planning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Urban planning subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urban_planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Urban morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Quarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Development projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics and administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipal_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Municipal administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_mayors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_mayors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>List of mayors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_mayors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cantons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cantons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cantons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cantons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_trends_and_outcomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_trends_and_outcomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Political trends and outcomes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_trends_and_outcomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercommunality_and_intercommunal_trade_unions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercommunality_and_intercommunal_trade_unions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Intercommunality and intercommunal trade unions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercommunality_and_intercommunal_trade_unions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Population subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Worship_and_humanist_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship_and_humanist_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Worship and humanist associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worship_and_humanist_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_events_and_festivities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_events_and_festivities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cultural events and festivities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_events_and_festivities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_Hospital_of_Valence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Hospital_of_Valence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Central Hospital of Valence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Hospital_of_Valence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drôme_Ardèche_Private_Hospital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drôme_Ardèche_Private_Hospital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Drôme Ardèche Private Hospital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drôme_Ardèche_Private_Hospital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergency_services_and_civil_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_services_and_civil_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Emergency services and civil security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_services_and_civil_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-School_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>School education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Areas_of_economic_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_of_economic_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Areas of economic activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Areas_of_economic_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Businesses_and_shops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Businesses_and_shops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Businesses and shops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Businesses_and_shops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income_and_taxation_of_the_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income_and_taxation_of_the_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Income and taxation of the population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income_and_taxation_of_the_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_culture_and_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_culture_and_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Local culture and heritage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_culture_and_heritage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local culture and heritage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_culture_and_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sites_and_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sites_and_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Sites and monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sites_and_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vieux_Valence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vieux_Valence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1.1</span> <span>Vieux Valence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vieux_Valence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1.2</span> <span>In the city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Valence_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Valence_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1.3</span> <span>The Valence channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Valence_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_green_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Parks and green spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garrison_town" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garrison_town"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Garrison town</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garrison_town-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Valence_and_its_kiosque" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valence_and_its_kiosque"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Valence and its kiosque</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valence_and_its_kiosque-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valence_in_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valence_in_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Valence in film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valence_in_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valence, Drôme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="بلنسية (فرنسا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلنسية (فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C3%A7a" title="Valença – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Valença" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Վալանս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վալանս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valans" title="Valans – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Valans" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valencia_(France)" title="Valencia (France) – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Valencia (France)" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Валанс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валанс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Валанс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Валанс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C3%A7a" title="Valença – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Valença" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C3%A7a" title="Valença – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valença" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Валанс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Валанс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%82_(%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC)" title="Βαλάνς (Ντρομ) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαλάνς (Ντρομ)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Francia)" title="Valence (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valence (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="ولانس، دروم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولانس، دروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="발랑스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Վալանս (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վալանս (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="वलांस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वलांस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Валанс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Валанс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A1_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8)" title="ואלנס (עיר) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואלנס (עיר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ვალანსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვალანსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentia_(Francia)" title="Valentia (Francia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Valentia (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valansa" title="Valansa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valansa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valansas" title="Valansas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valansas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(FR-26)" title="Valence (FR-26) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Valence (FR-26)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="فالانس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فالانس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="ولانس، دروم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولانس، دروم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9_(%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E7%9C%8C)" title="ヴァランス (ドローム県) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァランス (ドローム県)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%94%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%BC)" title="Валанс (ДгӀом) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Валанс (ДгӀом)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C3%A7a" title="Valença – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Valença" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Валанс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Валанс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC)" title="Валанс (Дром) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Валанс (Дром)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence" title="Valence – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valence" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Валанс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Валанс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC)" title="Валанс (Дром) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валанс (Дром)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%85" title="ویلانس، دغوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویلانس، دغوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" title="Valence (Drôme) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Valence (Drôme)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Valence, Drôme – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Valence, Drôme" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%9C%97%E6%96%AF" title="瓦朗斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓦朗斯" 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4.8917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.9333; 4.8917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the commune in the Drôme department. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Valence_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Valence (disambiguation)">Valence (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Special:EditPage/Valence, Drôme">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Valence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me%22">"Valence, Drôme"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Valence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Valence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Valence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Valence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Valence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture and commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Valence</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><span title="Occitan (post 1500)-language text"><i lang="oc">Valença</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefectures of France">Prefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence_depuis_Crussol_(02)-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the city of Valence"><img alt="View of the city of Valence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Valence_depuis_Crussol_%2802%29-002.jpg/330px-Valence_depuis_Crussol_%2802%29-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Valence_depuis_Crussol_%2802%29-002.jpg/500px-Valence_depuis_Crussol_%2802%29-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Valence_depuis_Crussol_%2802%29-002.jpg/960px-Valence_depuis_Crussol_%2802%29-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View of the city of Valence</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Valence.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Valence"><img alt="Flag of Valence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Valence.gif/120px-Flag_of_Valence.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Valence.gif/250px-Flag_of_Valence.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Valence_(Drome).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Valence"><img alt="Coat of arms of Valence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg/73px-Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg/145px-Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Valence</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_0541696f290e593d465f290703432f95c4be496c"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Valence%2C_Dr%C3%B4me&revid=1282584627&groups=_0541696f290e593d465f290703432f95c4be496c" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Valence%2C_Dr%C3%B4me&revid=1282584627&groups=_0541696f290e593d465f290703432f95c4be496c 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valence is located in France"><img alt="Valence is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.54%;left:67.669%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Valence"><img alt="Valence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Valence</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valence is located in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><img alt="Valence is located in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg/270px-Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg/405px-Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg/540px-Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="825" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.209%;left:55.131%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Valence"><img alt="Valence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Valence</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&params=44.9333_N_4.8917_E_type:city(64288)_region:FR-ARA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°56′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°53′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.9333°N 4.8917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.9333; 4.8917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Valence" title="Arrondissement of Valence">Valence</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-1" title="Canton of Valence-1">Valence-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-2" title="Canton of Valence-2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-3" title="Canton of Valence-3">3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-4" title="Canton of Valence-4">4</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Valence_Romans_Agglo" title="Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo">CA Valence Romans Agglo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Daragon" title="Nicolas Daragon">Nicolas Daragon</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">36.69 km<sup>2</sup> (14.17 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-popref2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">64,288</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,800/km<sup>2</sup> (4,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Valentinois</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-26362">26362</a> /26000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">106–191 m (348–627 ft) <br />(avg. 123 m or 404 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Valence</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɒ̃/: nasal 'an' in 'vin blanc'">ɒ̃</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɒ̃/: nasal 'an' in 'vin blanc'">ɒ̃</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[valɑ̃s]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/92\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Valence.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Valence.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Valence.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Valence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Valence.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Jules78120-Valence.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Valence.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Valença</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[vaˈlensɔ]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in southeastern France, the prefecture of the <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> and within the <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a>. It is situated on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, along the railway line that runs from Paris to <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. </p><p>It is the eighth-largest city in the region by its population and has 64,726 registered inhabitants in 2018 (132,556 inhabitants in the urban area (<i><a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_urbaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Unité urbaine">unité urbaine</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-compar_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is divided into four <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Dr%C3%B4me_department" title="Cantons of the Drôme department">cantons</a>. </p><p>Located in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_du_Rh%C3%B4ne_(France)" title="Vallée du Rhône (France)">Rhone corridor</a>, Valence is often referred to as "the door to the <a href="/wiki/South_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="South of France">South of France</a>", the local saying <i>à Valence <a href="/wiki/Le_Midi" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Midi">le Midi</a> commence</i> ("at Valence the Midi begins") pays tribute to the city's southern culture. Between <a href="/wiki/Vercors_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Vercors Massif">Vercors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, its geographical location attracts many tourists. Axes of transport and communications are the <a href="/wiki/A7_autoroute" title="A7 autoroute">A7</a> and <a href="/wiki/A49_autoroute" title="A49 autoroute">A49</a> autoroutes, the <a href="/wiki/RN7" class="mw-redirect" title="RN7">RN7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Marseille_railway" title="Paris–Marseille railway">Paris/Marseille TGV line</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>. In addition, the Valence agglomeration is equipped with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de l'Épervière (page does not exist)">marina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Port de l'Épervière">fr</a>]</span>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme (page does not exist)">trading port</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span>, two railway stations (<a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence-Ville">Valence-Ville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence TGV">Valence-TGV</a>) and an <a href="/wiki/Valence-Chabeuil_Airport" title="Valence-Chabeuil Airport">airport</a>. Its business is essentially turned towards the sectors of <a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Design_engineer" title="Design engineer">engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commune, founded in 121 BC, after the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a>, it moved quickly to become the largest crossroad behind <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its growing importance, Valence gained the status of Roman colony. Over the centuries, the town grew and grew. Today, many vestiges of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, but also from the 17th century, 18th century and 19th century are visible in the city centre. The city is historically attached to the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>, of which it forms the second largest city after <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> and is today part of the network of <a href="/wiki/French_Towns_and_Lands_of_Art_and_History" title="French Towns and Lands of Art and History">French Towns and Lands of Art and History</a>. Formerly the duchy of Valentinois, it was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Valentinois" title="Duke of Valentinois">Duke of Valentinois</a>, a title which is still claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Prince_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Prince of Monaco">Sovereign Prince of Monaco</a>, though he has no actual administrative control over the area. </p><p>Monuments in Valence include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison des Têtes de Valence (page does not exist)">Maison des Têtes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison des Têtes de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, built between 1528 and 1532 by Antoine de Dorne, the <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a>, built between 1063 and 1099 under the leadership of Bishop Gontard and also the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fontaine_monumentale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fontaine monumentale (page does not exist)">monumental fountain</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontaine_monumentale" class="extiw" title="fr:Fontaine monumentale">fr</a>]</span> designed by the architect Eugène Poitoux. The city has many <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_historic_monuments_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of historic monuments of Valence (page does not exist)">historical monuments</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_monuments_historiques_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des monuments historiques de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, most of which are in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux Valence (page does not exist)">Vieux Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieux_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Vieux Valence">fr</a>]</span>. Inscribed on the list of floral towns and villages of France, Valence is one of the seventeen municipalities of the Rhône-Alpes region to be labeled "four flowers" by the <i><a href="/wiki/Concours_des_villes_et_villages_fleuris" title="Concours des villes et villages fleuris">Concours des villes et villages fleuris</a></i>, i.e. the maximum level. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a> corresponding to Valence is <i>Valentinois</i>, but "<a href="/wiki/Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinois">Valentinois</a>" also designates a geographical area, and one of the old <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">provinces of France</a>, with its capital Valence having been part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:030_album_dauphin%C3%A9,_Valence,_Drome,_by_AD_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/030_album_dauphin%C3%A9%2C_Valence%2C_Drome%2C_by_AD_cropped.jpg/250px-030_album_dauphin%C3%A9%2C_Valence%2C_Drome%2C_by_AD_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/030_album_dauphin%C3%A9%2C_Valence%2C_Drome%2C_by_AD_cropped.jpg/330px-030_album_dauphin%C3%A9%2C_Valence%2C_Drome%2C_by_AD_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/030_album_dauphin%C3%A9%2C_Valence%2C_Drome%2C_by_AD_cropped.jpg/500px-030_album_dauphin%C3%A9%2C_Valence%2C_Drome%2C_by_AD_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1877" data-file-height="2566" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison des Têtes de Valence (page does not exist)"><i>Maison des Têtes</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison des Têtes de Valence">fr</a>]</span> and the <i>Grande Rue</i> (1830).</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>valence</i> comes from Latin <i>valentia</i>, meaning "strength or capacity". Known in Roman times as <i>Valentia Julia</i>, the city had been the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellauni</a>, and the seat of a celebrated school prior to the Roman conquest. It became a colony under <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, and was an important town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viennensis_Prima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viennensis Prima (page does not exist)">Viennensis Prima</a> under <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a>. It was the seat of a <a href="/wiki/Bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a> perhaps as early as the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 5th century, control of Valentia passed from the Romans to the <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Barbarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarians">barbarians</a>: in 413, the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ataulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ataulf">Ataulf</a> besieged and captured the brother of the usurper <a href="/wiki/Jovinus" title="Jovinus">Jovinus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sebastianus" title="Sebastianus">Sebastianus</a>, at Valentia on behalf of the emperor <a href="/wiki/Honorius_(emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorius (emperor)">Honorius</a>. In 440, <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a> led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambida (page does not exist)">Sambida</a> were given deserted lands in Valentia by the Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Aetius" title="Flavius Aetius">Aetius</a> settled the <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a> in the region, under King <a href="/wiki/Gondioc" title="Gondioc">Gondioc</a> which became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Burgundians" title="Kingdom of the Burgundians">Kingdom of the Burgundians</a>. His son, <a href="/wiki/Chilperic_II" title="Chilperic II">Chilperic II</a>, ruled Valence from 473 to 493 when he was slain by his brother <a href="/wiki/Gundobad" title="Gundobad">Gundobad</a>. Chilperic's daughter <a href="/wiki/Clotilde" title="Clotilde">Clotilde</a> married <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a>, in 493. Clovis's son <a href="/wiki/Childebert_I" title="Childebert I">Childebert I</a> attacked the Burgundians in 534, adding their territory to the <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Kingdom">Frankish Kingdom</a>. The city then fell successively under the power of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>, the Arabs of Spain, the sovereigns of <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>, the emperors of Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Valentinois">counts of Valentinois</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Toulouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Toulouse">counts of Toulouse</a>, as well as its own bishops, who struggled to retain the control of the city they had won in the fifth century. These bishops were often in conflict with the citizens and the counts of <a href="/wiki/Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinois">Valentinois</a> and to strengthen their hands against the latter the pope in 1275 united their bishopric with that of <a href="/wiki/Die,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Die, Drôme">Die</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The citizens put themselves under the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">dauphin</a>, and in 1456 had their rights and privileges confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a> and put on an equal footing with those of the rest of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>, the bishops consenting to recognize the suzerainty of the dauphin. In the 16th century Valence became the centre of Protestantism for the province in 1563. The town was fortified by <a href="/wiki/King_Francis_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Francis I">King Francis I</a>. It became the seat of a celebrated university in the middle of the 15th century; but the revocation of the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a> in 1685 struck a fatal blow at its industry, commerce and population.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conquest of <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> made the Rhône corridor a major north-south communication axis, linking with the new Roman possessions around the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. Many settlements were founded, including <i>Valentia</i>, a Latin name meaning "valiant, strong", in the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellauni</a>. </p><p>The town is named <i>Valença</i> in <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occitan_language#Writing_system" title="Occitan language">Classical norm</a>), <i>Valènço</i> in literary <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal</a> and <i>Valinço</i> in local <a href="/wiki/Vivaro-Alpine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaro-Alpine">Vivaro-Alpine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mistralian_norm" title="Mistralian norm">Mistralian norm</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;padding:5px 8px;width:120px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Valence_(Drome).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Valence"><img alt="Arms of Valence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg/120px-Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg/180px-Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg/240px-Blason_ville_fr_Valence_%28Drome%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Valence</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;">The arms of Valence are <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazoned</a> :<br /><i>"<a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">Gules</a> on a Cross <a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a> a Tower <a href="/wiki/Azure_(heraldry)" title="Azure (heraldry)">azure</a>."</i><br /><br />Motto: <i>Unguibus et Rostro (With claws and beak).</i> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="At_the_end_of_prehistory">At the end of prehistory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: At the end of prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_allobrogie.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carte_allobrogie.PNG/220px-Carte_allobrogie.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carte_allobrogie.PNG/330px-Carte_allobrogie.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carte_allobrogie.PNG/440px-Carte_allobrogie.PNG 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Territory of the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Massalia</a>, long on good terms with Rome, asked it for help against the <a href="/wiki/Salyes" title="Salyes">Salyes</a> who had ravaged its territory. The intervention of the Romans, from 125 BC, assured its safety but the war continued against the <a href="/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges">Allobroges</a>, among whom the Salyes people had found refuge. In August 121 BC, the army of <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Allobrogicus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus">Quintus Fabius Maximus</a> crushed them at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Is%C3%A8re_River" title="Battle of the Isère River">Battle of the Isère River</a> (confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> and <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a>) according to <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geographica</a></i>, IV, 1, 11).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a> noted that <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Marius" title="Gaius Marius">Gaius Marius</a>, who was sent by Rome to stop the <a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a>, had established his camp not far from the confluence of the Rhône and the Isère.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The excavations on the upper part of the plateau of Lautagne (2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of the centre of Valence) revealed the presence of devices of a defensive nature dating from the 1st century BC: Thus the foundation of the city could have come from a Roman military camp.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Even under the Roman domination, the Allobroges tribe established themselves north of Isère, and repeatedly rebelled against the Roman occupation. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solonion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Solonion (page does not exist)">Battle of Solonion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Solonion" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille de Solonion">fr</a>]</span> was the last to take place, identifiable with the modern commune of <a href="/wiki/Soyons" title="Soyons">Soyons</a> (<i>Solo</i> by <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epitome_of_Livy" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitome of Livy">Epitome</a> 103) in 62 BC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_selection_of_the_site">The selection of the site</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The selection of the site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of <i>Valentia</i> was established on a terrace on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> river, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a> and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me_(river)" title="Drôme (river)">Drôme</a>. </p><p>This geographical situation is understood by the crossing of several routes of transport and communications: </p> <ul><li><i>Valentia</i> had a privileged place in north-south trade through the Rhône and at the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Agrippa" title="Via Agrippa">Via Agrippa</a></i>.</li> <li><i>Valentia</i> was part of east-west routes since the different paths, which traversed the plain from the Isère Valley and the Drôme (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voie_des_Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voie des Alpes (page does not exist)">Voie des Alpes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_des_Alpes" class="extiw" title="fr:Voie des Alpes">fr</a>]</span>), converged on the city. The <i>Rhône</i> was crossed at Valence on a ferry, by <a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a> or over a bridge.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_ancient_city">The ancient city</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The ancient city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Valence, as many <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> cities, received an orthonormal plan. The orientation of the urban streets network successively followed cadastres "A" inclined N, 12°30'E and "B", inclined N, 23°E, in the Valence plain.<sup id="cite_ref-chouquer-odiot-370_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chouquer-odiot-370-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>We know the <i><a href="/wiki/Decumanus" title="Decumanus">decumanus</a></i> of the city thanks to the discovery of a pavement and a sewer a few metres north of the city hall. The <i><a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">cardo</a></i> of the urban network was the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Agrippa" title="Via Agrippa">Via Agrippa</a></i> that crossed the city in a straight line from the southern gate of the city to the old gate and Tower of Aion, north of the city, which later became "Tourdeon" (now destroyed).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It was along the <i>Via Agrippa</i> that a <i><a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">forum</a></i> was located, probably surrounded by a <i><a href="/wiki/Civil_basilica" title="Civil basilica">civil basilica</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Curia" title="Curia">curia</a></i>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple" title="Roman temple">temple</a></i>, etc., of which the location is unknown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>To the south of the presumed forum site, between the <i>Rue du Théâtre</i> and <i>Rue Vernoux</i> the ruins of the <i><a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">thermae</a></i> were discovered. This thermal water supply, and more generally that of the city of <i>Valentia</i>, was thanks to the numerous springs in the vicinity. The site of Valence still presents a dense network of streams and canals born of the overflow of water which escapes in sources at the foot of the terraces, forming, in the east, a curved line from the source of the Treuil up to the Fountain of Malcontents, and near the Rhône and the lower town, a quasi-parallel line to the river from the Saint-Pierre source until the descent of the <i>Boulevard Gambetta</i>. Thus, the Chony quarter (in the current commune of <a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a>), were found remains of pipes that belonged to the aqueduct that brought water from the source of the Treuil to Valence. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evocation_de_la_porte_Sud_de_Valentia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Evocation_de_la_porte_Sud_de_Valentia.jpg/250px-Evocation_de_la_porte_Sud_de_Valentia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Evocation_de_la_porte_Sud_de_Valentia.jpg/330px-Evocation_de_la_porte_Sud_de_Valentia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Evocation_de_la_porte_Sud_de_Valentia.jpg/500px-Evocation_de_la_porte_Sud_de_Valentia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4310" data-file-height="3224" /></a><figcaption>Evocation of the southern gateway to the city of <i>Valentia</i> under the early Roman Empire.</figcaption></figure> <p>All around the current cathedral were discovered fragments of architecture probably belonging to a large temple. </p><p>The city had entertainment facilities: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Circus_(building)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circus (building)">circus</a> whose memory would be preserved in the name of the Cire quarter ("Siry" in the Middle Ages).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>, was on the edge of the Rhône,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> outside of the enclosure<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2015)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> or near the New Gate.<sup id="cite_ref-chouquer-odiot-371_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chouquer-odiot-371-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A Côte Sainte-Ursule theatre: Three surveys have revealed the orchestra, traces of large markets and large wall elements.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was located at the northern edge of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-chouquer-odiot-371_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chouquer-odiot-371-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/Odeon_(building)" title="Odeon (building)">odeon</a> whose curvature would be materialized by the <i>Rue du Croissant</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-chouquer-odiot-371_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chouquer-odiot-371-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, the foundations of an odeon were found during the construction of the new museum, in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_des_Ormeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place des Ormeaux (page does not exist)">Place des Ormeaux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Ormeaux" class="extiw" title="fr:Place des Ormeaux">fr</a>]</span> and its outline is materialised on the ground at the entrance to the museum.</li></ul> <p>The city was surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(fortification)" title="Curtain wall (fortification)">ramparts</a> from the early <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. This was constructed between 15 BC and 15 AD. In 1869, excavations to the south of the old town revealed the existence of a monumental gate defended by two protruding towers. The façade, or at least the pillars which were observed during the excavation, was covered with a large piece of sandstone and adorned with a frieze of military trophies: shields, leggings and breastplates. </p><p>Houses settled around the city, outside the city walls. </p> <ul><li>To the east of the city of <i>Valentia</i>, not far from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voie_des_Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voie des Alpes (page does not exist)">Voie des Alpes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_des_Alpes" class="extiw" title="fr:Voie des Alpes">fr</a>]</span> (in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Die,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Die, Drôme">Die</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a>), in the current <i>Rue Faventines</i>.</li> <li>To the west, in the Nonniers quarter, in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a> (right bank of the Rhône, facing Valence): A bridge or a ferry connecting the banks of the river.</li></ul> <p>The ancient port was perhaps on the territory of the current commune of Bourg-les-Valence. </p><p>Numerous tombs were crowded at the exit of the city, along the tracks: Several burial grounds were discovered in the east and south of the ancient city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late_antiquity">Late antiquity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the first centuries of the Christian era, Valence became an important road junction on maps and routes, and the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, this city retained its privileged position. </p><p>However, as early as the 4th century, <i>Valentia</i> faced many raids but the city within the ramparts retained its monumental adornments competing according to <a href="/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus" title="Ammianus Marcellinus">Ammianus Marcellinus</a> (<i>Histoires</i>, XV, 11, 14), with <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a>. </p><p>At the dawn of the 5th century, the city lived in shelter of the ramparts erected under the late Roman Empire (still a visible construction in the 19th century). The <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> seized Valence in 413 AD; the <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a> were masters of the Rhône basin at the end of the 5th century; the Valence people fell to the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> Kingdom in 533 AD. These successive <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">invasions</a> removed almost all traces of Romanisation. </p><p>During this troubled period, the city converted its ancient walls into stronger fortifications: Roman gates were bricked up, thus doing away with the two main axes of the city and lasting restructuring of the urban network. The rural inhabitants settled on small hills of the plain, giving rise to a large number of villages: <a href="/wiki/Montoison" title="Montoison">Montoison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montmeyran" title="Montmeyran">Montmeyran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9lier" title="Montélier">Montélier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montvendre" title="Montvendre">Montvendre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9l%C3%A9ger" title="Montéléger">Montéléger</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-PorteStRuf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Valence-PorteStRuf.jpg/220px-Valence-PorteStRuf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Valence-PorteStRuf.jpg/330px-Valence-PorteStRuf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Valence-PorteStRuf.jpg/440px-Valence-PorteStRuf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2933" data-file-height="2019" /></a><figcaption>The old gate of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbey_of_Saint-Ruf,_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbey of Saint-Ruf, Valence (page does not exist)">Saint-Ruf Abbey</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaye_Saint-Ruf_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Abbaye Saint-Ruf de Valence">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 800, a new Cathedral of Saint-Estève (of St. Stephen) was built instead of the <a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">baptistery</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Choir_(architecture)" title="Choir (architecture)">choir</a> that was oriented to the west. It was constructed symmetrically to the Evangelist Church. It housed numerous relics: Those of saints Apollinaire, Cyprien, Corneille, Félix, Fortunat, Achillée and a fragment of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a>. The episcopal district also included housing for the canons, grouped around a court cemetery, and a round church, Notre-Dame-la-Ronde.<sup id="cite_ref-ed96-37_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed96-37-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the 9th century, perhaps before, the Roman wall was raised with walls constructed from <a href="/wiki/Pebble" title="Pebble">pebbles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 890, the widow of King <a href="/wiki/Boso_of_Provence" title="Boso of Provence">Boso of Provence</a> had their son, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis III</a>, crowned King of Provence in Valence.<sup id="cite_ref-ed96-34_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed96-34-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1029, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Vienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Vienne">Archbishop of Vienne</a> invested <a href="/wiki/Guigues_III_of_Albon" title="Guigues III of Albon">Guigues III the Old</a> of the County of Viennois.<sup id="cite_ref-ed96-34_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed96-34-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It belonged to the family of the Counts of Albon, which held the region for decades, frequently occupying the county and the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Valence" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Valence">Diocese of Valence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ed96-35_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed96-35-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region still suffered the raids of the <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracens</a> at the end of the 9th and the 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rhône was sometimes presented as the border between the Kingdom of France and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> which made Valence part, until the 15th century, but it was especially a link between the countries bordering it. The Diocese of Valence, as the rival principality, the County of Valentinois and Diois, extended on both sides. It was also an important commercial axis, especially for salt, which would benefit the city which guards traces of the name of Rue "Saunière", formerly the name of one of the four gates of Valence, the one which gave access to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also benefitted from its position at a point of change in the regime of winds in the Rhône Valley: In the Middle Ages, vessels ascended the river only by being hauled to the col, by sweat (by men). North of Valence, the rise could be done under sail (but not always). At the end of the 15th century, it was even the capital of hauling along the <a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">towpath</a>, because beside this advantage due to the wind, it was a one-day stop from Lyon, and a crossroads into the mountains. Finally, the rise of the Rhône was particularly difficult at Valence, which caused forced stops. Several Valentinois were specialised in the brokerage of haulers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The haulers pulled either a big boat or boat trains, with teams from a few dozen to several hundred men. Each man drew a mass of about a ton.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mode of hauling regressed at the end of the 15th century, to be replaced by hauling by horses, except for local hauling.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Valence_-_2014-09-28-_P1940386-P1940389.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Valence_-_2014-09-28-_P1940386-P1940389.jpg/220px-Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Valence_-_2014-09-28-_P1940386-P1940389.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Valence_-_2014-09-28-_P1940386-P1940389.jpg/330px-Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Valence_-_2014-09-28-_P1940386-P1940389.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Valence_-_2014-09-28-_P1940386-P1940389.jpg/440px-Cath%C3%A9drale_de_Valence_-_2014-09-28-_P1940386-P1940389.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6448" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a>, seen from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_des_Ormeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place des Ormeaux (page does not exist)">Place des Ormeaux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Ormeaux" class="extiw" title="fr:Place des Ormeaux">fr</a>]</span> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux Valence (page does not exist)">Vieux Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieux_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Vieux Valence">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city, safe from the flooding of the river and protected by its ramparts, was a step on the road for pilgrimages to <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Compostela</a>. Religious life flourished, the <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a> was built as well as the Abbey of the canons of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbey_of_Saint-Ruf,_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbey of Saint-Ruf, Valence (page does not exist)">Saint-Ruf</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaye_Saint-Ruf_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Abbaye Saint-Ruf de Valence">fr</a>]</span>. Two major characters vied for power over the city: The Bishop and the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Valentinois" title="Duke of Valentinois">Count of Valentinois</a>. </p><p>Economic growth translated into the development of towns, especially on the side of the Rhône: The Rivière (Riperia) said today, less poetically, as "Basse-Ville". The new city, north of the former Pomperi gate and Bourg-Saint-Pierre, formed around the Abbey of Saint-Pierre, which spawned the current commune of <a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a>. Elsewhere, on the middle terrace, habitat outside-the-walls was associated with religious foundations: The commandery of the Hospitallers, the Tourdeon gate, the Abbey of Saint-Félix, the Saint-Sulpice gate, the Faventines Templar Commandery, the Benedictine Priory of Saint-Victor in the south near the former <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Agrippa" title="Via Agrippa">Via Agrippa</a></i> and, perhaps, further to the south, a <a href="/wiki/Leprosarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Leprosarium">leprosarium</a> whose memory is retained through the channel of la Maladière. </p><p>After the disappearance of the County of <a href="/wiki/Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinois">Valentinois</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentinois" class="extiw" title="fr:Valentinois">fr</a>]</span>, incorporated into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_of_Dauphin%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Province of Dauphiné (page does not exist)">Province of Dauphiné</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_du_Dauphin%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Province du Dauphiné">fr</a>]</span>, the dauphin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_II_de_Poitiers-Valentinois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis II de Poitiers-Valentinois (page does not exist)">Louis II de Poitiers-Valentinois</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II_de_Poitiers-Valentinois" class="extiw" title="fr:Louis II de Poitiers-Valentinois">fr</a>]</span> may have imposed homage to the Bishop and Abbot of Saint-Ruf (free abbot, with immunity from Royal taxes and so forth): Valence was therefore incorporated into the province of Dauphiné. On the death of Louis II, who was the last count, the Valentinois was sold in 1419 by his heirs, his daughter Louise de Poitiers (widow of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humbert_VII_de_Thoire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humbert VII de Thoire (page does not exist)">Humbert VII de Thoire</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humbert_VII_de_Thoire" class="extiw" title="fr:Humbert VII de Thoire">fr</a>]</span> and Villars) and close relatives to Charles, dauphin and King of France (<a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a>). The County of Valentinois was attached to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of France">Crown of France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couronne_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Couronne de France">fr</a>]</span> in 1424. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LL_24_-_VALENCE_-_La_Gare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LL_24_-_VALENCE_-_La_Gare.jpg/250px-LL_24_-_VALENCE_-_La_Gare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LL_24_-_VALENCE_-_La_Gare.jpg/330px-LL_24_-_VALENCE_-_La_Gare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/LL_24_-_VALENCE_-_La_Gare.jpg/500px-LL_24_-_VALENCE_-_La_Gare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1017" /></a><figcaption>The city was connected to the railway in 1854. <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence-Ville">Valence-Ville Station</a> is shown here with the statue of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Bancel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François-Désiré Bancel (page does not exist)">Bancel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Bancel" class="extiw" title="fr:François-Désiré Bancel">fr</a>]</span>, in the 1920s.</figcaption></figure> <p>The second half of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century were a golden age for the medieval city, materialised by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison des Têtes de Valence (page does not exist)">Maison des Têtes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison des Têtes de Valence">fr</a>]</span> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendentif_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendentif de Valence (page does not exist)">Pendentif de Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentif_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Pendentif de Valence">fr</a>]</span>. Founded on 26 July 1452 by the dauphin Louis, future <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI" title="Louis XI">Louis XI</a>, the University of Valence grew quickly. Renowned professors from various countries, as <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cujas" title="Jacques Cujas">Jacques Cujas</a> forged its reputation by teaching the law, theology, medicine and arts. After his coronation, Louis XI confirmed its preference by mailing the letters patent for the university on 12 October 1461.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1480, the King still supported his preferred university.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dauphin Louis made numerous stays in Valence where, as a sign of allegiance, he donated a gate to the city, the Saunière gate and a few houses nearby. It made for a "delphinal palace", later occupied by the religious order of the <a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Recollects</a>. As Louis XI, he allowed a market in the town of Valence, in 1476, during his stay in the city<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and confirmed tax privileges for the city of Valence. </p><p>This era ended abruptly in 1562 during the occupation of the city by the troops of the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Baron_des_Adrets" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron des Adrets">Baron des Adrets</a>: All the religious buildings of Valence were partially or completely destroyed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern_era">Early Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence_-_Pont_suspendu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Valence_-_Pont_suspendu.jpg/220px-Valence_-_Pont_suspendu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Valence_-_Pont_suspendu.jpg/330px-Valence_-_Pont_suspendu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Valence_-_Pont_suspendu.jpg/440px-Valence_-_Pont_suspendu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>The Segiun gateway (1900), built from 1827 replaced the old stone bridge, and then by the current Frédéric Mistral Bridge.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a> studied at Valence in 1532, before settling in Lyon, a great cultural centre where the library trade blossomed. </p><p>A strategic location in the Rhône Valley, Valence had been militarised since its origin and had 7,100 inhabitants in the 1700s, who bore responsibility for housing soldiers. To reduce this burden a municipal deliberation was offered in 1714: a barracks was constructed in the current <i>Rue Bouffier</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bonaparte_et_Valence_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonaparte_et_Valence-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a temporary camp which quickly became inadequate to accommodate the 12,000 men and 20,000 horses stationed there. The city invested 190,000 <a href="/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre">livres</a> for the installation of a new barracks in the Rollin quarter, north of the Roman road. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a> passed through the town during his <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX%27s_grand_tour_of_France" title="Charles IX's grand tour of France">royal tour of France</a> (1564–1566), accompanied by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cour_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cour de France (page does not exist)">Court</a> and the nobles of the Kingdom: His brother the <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Duke of Anjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de Navarre">Henri de Navarre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_de_Bourbon_(born_1523)" title="Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon (born 1523)">Cardinals of Bourbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_of_Lorraine" title="Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine">Lorraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was in Valence that the saga of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mandrin" title="Louis Mandrin">Louis Mandrin</a> ended in May 1755, the smuggler who challenged the <a href="/wiki/Ferme_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferme Générale">Ferme Générale</a> and redistributed the proceeds of his theft from it. After spending several days in the city prison, Mandrin was <a href="/wiki/Sentenced_to_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentenced to death">sentenced to death</a>: It was conducted on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_des_Clercs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place des Clercs (page does not exist)"><i>Place des Clercs</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Clercs" class="extiw" title="fr:Place des Clercs">fr</a>]</span> where the scaffold was erected, his death ensued on the <a href="/wiki/Breaking_wheel" title="Breaking wheel">breaking wheel</a>. His body was exposed after his death, during three days, and many people flocked to pay him a last tribute, as his popularity increased. The death of Mandrin on the wheel of Valence marked the end of his actions, but also the beginning of a legend, as the man had marked the minds of his contemporaries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> was assigned in the city from 1785 to 1786 in the La Fère <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> regiment. He made many future visits.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonaparte_et_Valence_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonaparte_et_Valence-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would indeed return repeatedly to Valence. It included crossing the city on 12 October 1799, during the return of the expedition to Egypt, and offered to his former landlady who came to welcome him at the posthouse, a cashmere of India (offered to the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament), a compass and a powder spoon (available at the Museum of Valence in 1862). He also met the future Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Spina" title="Giuseppe Spina">Spina</a>, who would negotiate on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a> in the Concordat of 1801, on the same day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Revolution">French Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: French Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence_place_Republique_train_vapeur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Valence_place_Republique_train_vapeur.jpg/250px-Valence_place_Republique_train_vapeur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Valence_place_Republique_train_vapeur.jpg/330px-Valence_place_Republique_train_vapeur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Valence_place_Republique_train_vapeur.jpg/500px-Valence_place_Republique_train_vapeur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>A steam train of Ardèche, in the <i>Place de la République</i> (in 1910)</figcaption></figure> <p>After the convening of the <a href="/wiki/Estates-General_of_1789" class="mw-redirect" title="Estates-General of 1789">Estates-General</a>, agitation and anxiety grew until the <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">storming of the Bastille</a>, news of which reached the region around 20 July, causing hope but also increasing concerns of a <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a> plot of aristocrats.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Fear" title="Great Fear">Great Fear</a> arose in the region of a rumor, and spread by degrees, at a blistering pace according to local networks, putting all the villages in motion for their defence.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the peak of fear passed, a latent anxiety remained, the village communities realised that in an emergency, they were in fact isolated and practically reduced to their own devices.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National guards</a> were formed quickly, including in Valence, but communities found it insufficient, and they constituted local federations of mutual assistance, bypassing the old provincial divisions. In the region, it was <a href="/wiki/Largenti%C3%A8re" title="Largentière">Largentière</a> which called for a Fête de la Fédération on 23 August, <a href="/wiki/Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re" title="Romans-sur-Isère">Romans-sur-Isère</a> in September, <a href="/wiki/La_Voulte" class="mw-redirect" title="La Voulte">La Voulte</a> gathered 12,000 National Guardsmen to the <i>Champs de l'Étoile</i> on 29 November.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valence invited the surrounding communities on 31 January and brought together 16,000 guards of 293 communes.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region had other celebrations of federation in the winter and spring, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a> of 14 July 1790, celebrated in Paris and simultaneously in 250 cities in France, including Valence.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The university disappeared in 1792 to be reborn at the end of the 20th century. It is now in the 21st Century part of the <a href="/wiki/Community_Grenoble_Alpes_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Grenoble Alpes University">Community Grenoble Alpes University</a>. </p><p>This community played another role during the final years of the French Revolution. On August 29, 1799, six weeks after his arrival at this community, the then longest ever reigning Roman Catholic Church's 250th <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a> died here in exile from his Vatican, then within the 754–1798 Papal States, but now within the 1st Republic of France's created 1798–1799 Roman Republic. After some political intrigue covering more than two years, it will not be until December 24, 1801, that the then late pope's body will finally leave Valence and return to the Vatican. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Repression_of_January_and_February_1894" title="Repression of January and February 1894">repression of January and February 1894</a>, the police conducted raids targeting the <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchists</a> living there, without much success.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:22_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armenian_community">Armenian community</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Armenian community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%A9morial_de_l%27affiche_rouge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/M%C3%A9morial_de_l%27affiche_rouge.jpg/180px-M%C3%A9morial_de_l%27affiche_rouge.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/M%C3%A9morial_de_l%27affiche_rouge.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to the <a href="/wiki/Missak_Manouchian" title="Missak Manouchian">Manouchian</a> group of Valence</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> of 1915, many Armenians took refuge in France in the 1920s. The community remembers how Valence employers travelled to Marseille to recruit 150 of the first arrivals in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-acam_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acam-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1926 827 Armenians had settled in Valence, and 1,670 by 1931<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – from <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F" title="Elazığ">Harput</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acam_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acam-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the Armenians were popular among their employers, they encountered the distrust of the Valence people.<sup id="cite_ref-acam_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acam-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a group with a very high proportion of young adults, children and the elderly who suffered most from the genocide and from the journey into exile.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They worked mainly as labourers, or founded small businesses (25% of employed persons).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Very quickly, an "Armenian quarter" developed between <i>Boulevard Vauban</i>, <i>Rue Farnerie</i>, <i>Rue Madier-Montjau</i>, and the <i>Boulevard d'Alsace</i>, 40% populated by Armenians. The entire old town, with dilapidated buildings, abandoned and inexpensive, became involved in this process.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956 the group had 2,500 people, or 6% of the population of Valence, and represented the fourth-largest Armenian community in France (after those of Paris, Lyon and Marseille).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community's very strong identity (with newspapers, cinemas, dance halls, Armenian Sports Union) was dispersed, with the "Armenian village" on the <i>Rue de Fontlozier</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It showed signs of rapid integration: In 1946, half of the 2,000 Armenians of Valencia opted for French citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1947, 200 Armenians of Valence took advantage of the offer to return to the Soviet countries, which proved to be a failure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The strong community welcomed new refugees, escaping from political turmoil in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> during the 1950-60s, and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Civil war</a> in 1970-80s. As of 1997<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> 7,500 people in Valence belonged to this community,<sup id="cite_ref-acam_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acam-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which makes the Armenian community of Valence one of the largest in France: the Armenian National Union is also based in Valence.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This strong presence has passed into the <a href="/wiki/Odonymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Odonymy">odonymy</a>: a street and a square of the old Armenian quarter make reference to it: the <i>Rue d'Arménie</i> and the <i>Place <a href="/wiki/Missak_Manouchian" title="Missak Manouchian">Missak Manouchian</a></i>. The cultural life of the community is very active, with 28 associations, including the Evangelical Church, the Armenian courts, and the House of Armenian culture.<sup id="cite_ref-acam_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acam-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the invasion of Poland by Germany, on 1 September 1939, France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939. Germany invaded France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Valence suffered several <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">allied</a> aerial bombardments, intended to destroy the bridge over the Rhône. On 15 August 1944, bombs destroyed several quarters and buildings in the city, including the hospital, killing 280 people. From the era of the prefecture, there remained only the gate, which has been carefully preserved since. Four days later, on 19 August 1944, a German train loaded with <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin" title="Nitroglycerin">nitroglycerin</a> exploded, largely destroying the quarter of La Palla and causing 335 casualties among civilians, the military and the resistance fighters. On 2 August 1944, south of Valence, bombings of the railway depot and yard of <a href="/wiki/Portes-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Portes-lès-Valence">Portes-lès-Valence</a> destroyed 51 locomotives, with 12 victims and 58 wounded among the railway workers and the population.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northern part of Valence, almost completely razed to the ground, was rebuilt and today one finds many administrative buildings in this area such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B4tel_de_pr%C3%A9fecture_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hôtel de préfecture de la Drôme (page does not exist)">Hotel of prefecture of the Drôme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_pr%C3%A9fecture_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Hôtel de préfecture de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span>, the general <a href="/wiki/Treasury" title="Treasury">treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">social security</a>, the post office and the police headquarters. </p><p>Drôme was one of the departments where the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a> was the most active.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943, the Resistance was organised and grew, and many Drôme people were called and committed themselves to the cause. With the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Service_du_travail_obligatoire" title="Service du travail obligatoire">STO</a>, young men were required to go to work in Germany. Many of them refused this situation and went into hiding in the countryside or joined the <a href="/wiki/Maquis_(World_War_II)" title="Maquis (World War II)">Maquis</a>. Resistance developed throughout the entire department in small units. The Drôme terrain was conducive to the installation of camps. The population supported increasing resistance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_du_Rh%C3%B4ne_(France)" title="Vallée du Rhône (France)">Vallée du Rhône (France)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinois">Valentinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_commune_FR_insee_code_26362.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_26362.png/250px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_26362.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_26362.png/330px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_26362.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Map_commune_FR_insee_code_26362.png/500px-Map_commune_FR_insee_code_26362.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Valence and the communes of its agglomeration</figcaption></figure> <p>By its geographical location, Valence is one of the points of compulsory passage between Paris and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. Its position at the centre of the meridian axis of the <a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_du_Rh%C3%B4ne_(France)" title="Vallée du Rhône (France)">Rhone Valley</a> places the city at the mouth of the Valley of the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a> (path to the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>), in the west of the historical province of <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>, within the natural and historic region of the <a href="/wiki/Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinois">Valentinois</a>, and the boundary of the department of <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a> (from which it is separated by the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>). The city is surrounded by several mountain ranges, including the <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a> and the Ardèche hills to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Vercors_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Vercors Massif">Vercors Massif</a> in the <a href="/wiki/French_Prealps" title="French Prealps">French Prealps</a> to the east. Valence is 561 kilometres (349 mi) to the southeast of Paris, equidistant (100 kilometres (62 mi)) south of <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and southwest of <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, 120 kilometres (75 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, 220 kilometres (140 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, 204 kilometres (127 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, 110 kilometres (68 mi) south-west of <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a>, 113 kilometres (70 mi) to the east of <a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a>, 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9limar" title="Montélimar">Montélimar</a>, 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east of <a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> and 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the west of <a href="/wiki/Die,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Die, Drôme">Die</a>. Located a few kilometres south of the <a href="/wiki/45th_parallel_north" title="45th parallel north">45th parallel</a>, the city is often referred to as the "gateway to <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">Southern France</a>." <i>"À Valence le Midi commence"</i> [At Valence the Midi commences], say people from the north. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1280096_-_Valence.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/P1280096_-_Valence.JPG/250px-P1280096_-_Valence.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/P1280096_-_Valence.JPG/330px-P1280096_-_Valence.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/P1280096_-_Valence.JPG/500px-P1280096_-_Valence.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3533" data-file-height="2355" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of Valence</figcaption></figure> <p>The agglomeration is based on four alluvial terraces ranging on the left bank of the Rhone: </p> <ul><li>The lowest, which is closest to the river, where the districts of fishermen and sailors were.</li> <li>The intermediate terrace, safe from the floods of the river, which grew into the historic city, first within its walls, then expanded outside.</li> <li>The third terrace, highly urbanised in the second half of the 20th century.</li> <li>The highest, called the plateau of Lautagne which has developed as a centre of technological activities since the end of the 20th century on the edge of grain and vegetable farms.</li></ul> <p>Administratively, the commune is located in the south of the <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> region, in the northern half of the <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a> department (of which it is the prefecture), and in the south-west of the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Valence" title="Arrondissement of Valence">Arrondissement of Valence</a> (of which it is the capital). Moreover, Valence is the <a href="/wiki/Chef-lieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chef-lieu">chef-lieu</a> of four cantons, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-1" title="Canton of Valence-1">Valence-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-2" title="Canton of Valence-2">Valence-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-3" title="Canton of Valence-3">Valence-3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-4" title="Canton of Valence-4">Valence-4</a>, the city is therefore divided into four at the cantonal level. The commune is part of the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Valence_Romans_Agglo" title="Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo">Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo</a>, which includes 56 communes since its inception on 1 January 2017, and Valence is the most populous city. Valence was previously part of two intercommunalities: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence_Agglo_%E2%80%93_Sud_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valence Agglo – Sud Rhône-Alpes (page does not exist)">SISAV</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_Agglo_%E2%80%93_Sud_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" class="extiw" title="fr:Valence Agglo – Sud Rhône-Alpes">fr</a>]</span> (Intercommunal Union of Services of the Valentinoise Agglomeration, better known under the name of "Valence Major") which includes seven Drôme and Ardèche communes (Bourg-lès-Valence, Cornas, Guilherand-Granges, Portes-lès-Valence, Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence, Saint-Péray and Valence) from 1990 to 2009, and of the agglomeration community of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence_Agglo_%E2%80%93_Sud_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valence Agglo – Sud Rhône-Alpes (page does not exist)">Valence Agglo – Sud Rhône-Alpes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_Agglo_%E2%80%93_Sud_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" class="extiw" title="fr:Valence Agglo – Sud Rhône-Alpes">fr</a>]</span> which consisted of eleven communes from 2009 to 2014. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighbouring_Communes">Neighbouring Communes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Neighbouring Communes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Valence,_Drôme34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Valence, Drôme</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcel-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence">Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Valence</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9lier" title="Montélier">Montélier</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chabeuil" title="Chabeuil">Chabeuil</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Malissard" title="Malissard">Malissard</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soyons" title="Soyons">Soyons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portes-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Portes-lès-Valence">Portes-lès-Valence</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Beaumont-lès-Valence">Beaumont-lès-Valence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9l%C3%A9ger" title="Montéléger">Montéléger</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief_and_geology">Relief and geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Relief and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruines_du_chateau_de_Crussol_depuis_Valence_-_2014-09-27-_P1940399.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ruines_du_chateau_de_Crussol_depuis_Valence_-_2014-09-27-_P1940399.JPG/220px-Ruines_du_chateau_de_Crussol_depuis_Valence_-_2014-09-27-_P1940399.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ruines_du_chateau_de_Crussol_depuis_Valence_-_2014-09-27-_P1940399.JPG/330px-Ruines_du_chateau_de_Crussol_depuis_Valence_-_2014-09-27-_P1940399.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ruines_du_chateau_de_Crussol_depuis_Valence_-_2014-09-27-_P1940399.JPG/440px-Ruines_du_chateau_de_Crussol_depuis_Valence_-_2014-09-27-_P1940399.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>View of the ruined <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Château de Crussol</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>, seen from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">esplanade of the Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The area of the commune is 3,669 hectares (9,070 acres), representing 36.69 square kilometres (14.17 sq mi); the altitude varies between 106–191 metres (348–627 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The granitic base, cut by the Rhône in the Saint-Vallier/Tain-l'Hermitage pass, is covered by 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) of sediments in the Valence trough. In the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Molasse" title="Molasse">molasse</a> formed of detrital rocks due to the erosion of the <a href="/wiki/French_Alps" title="French Alps">Alps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a>, was deposited in a shallow sea. Its thickness can reach 400–500 metres (1,300–1,600 ft). During the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a>, the sea was reduced into a lake, resulting in lacustrine deposits and <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a> formation. During the <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a>, between glacial periods, <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraines</a> were swept away by the meltwater in the interglacial stages and were carved by the rivers. Thus, nested terraces were formed. These nested terraces of Isère and Rhône eventually filled the gap of Valence. </p><p>The Drôme des Collines, which integrates Valence, formed at the end of the Miocene. Under the effect of the Alpine thrust, the area was covered by a lake and fluvio-lacustrine molasse formed with a few ripples in the plain of Valence. The confluence of the Isère and Rhône and <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> erosion caused by their waters, in the Quaternary, formed four superimposed terraces which are located in Valence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valence is watered by the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> river, the commune is on the left bank. One of its tributaries also crosses the city: The <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re_(rivi%C3%A8re)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Épervière (rivière) (page does not exist)">Épervière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re_(rivi%C3%A8re)" class="extiw" title="fr:Épervière (rivière)">fr</a>]</span>, a 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi)-long river,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formed by the joining of most of the city's channels, among others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plain_of_Valence">Plain of Valence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Plain of Valence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unit%C3%A9s_de_paysage_du_Valentinois.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Unit%C3%A9s_de_paysage_du_Valentinois.JPG/250px-Unit%C3%A9s_de_paysage_du_Valentinois.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Unit%C3%A9s_de_paysage_du_Valentinois.JPG/330px-Unit%C3%A9s_de_paysage_du_Valentinois.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Unit%C3%A9s_de_paysage_du_Valentinois.JPG/500px-Unit%C3%A9s_de_paysage_du_Valentinois.JPG 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Landscape units of <a href="/wiki/Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinois">Valentinois</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city gave its name to a well-defined geographical region: The <a href="/wiki/Valentinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinois">Valentinois</a>. Over more than three-quarters of its territory, this region corresponds to the plain of Valence, shaped by successive beds of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> which are abandoned fertile sedimentary deposits. Indeed, this plain, perfectly bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_du_Rh%C3%B4ne_(France)" title="Vallée du Rhône (France)">Rhône Valleys</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a> in the north, and the <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me_(river)" title="Drôme (river)">Drome</a> to the south, gives the appearance of a cheerful orchard with <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prunus_armeniaca" title="Prunus armeniaca">apricot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</a> trees, alternating with cereal and vegetable crops. Large farms, conquered one by one by the inhabitants of Valence, punctuate this agricultural area, barely broken by rivers and canals for irrigation, with groves and woods on its margins. </p><p>To the east, the Monts du Matin extend as a long barrier of pleasant hills, dominated by the limestone prow of the Vercors. To the south, beyond the Drôme Valley, the plain ends at the foot of the massif carrying the vast forest of <a href="/wiki/Marsanne,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Marsanne, Drôme">Marsanne</a>, topped by wind turbines. </p><p>To the north, beyond the Isère Valley, the Romanais continues, geologically, Valence plain. The lower <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> molasse in the north of the plain was covered by outwash <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a> of the Isère, whose terraces today still mark the shape of the Valentinois. </p><p>The view from the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Château de Crussol</a>, in front after the first sharp turns in the road on leaving the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Col_des_Limouches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col des Limouches (page does not exist)">Col des Limouches</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col_des_Limouches" class="extiw" title="fr:Col des Limouches">fr</a>]</span>, the plain of Valence appears as it is, a large flat surface, bordered by two reliefs which are unobscured. It is also a very large area because of the same formation of physical organisation, one of successive terraces. Only the habitat and crops bring variation, due to the different nature of these terraces. </p><p>Today the plain of Valence is organised around the Valence infrastructure whose urban sprawl gradually extends across its whole area. A number of communes however retain their village identity and their rural character, protecting them from changing into dormitory towns. These are ancient agricultural villages, especially those that precede the first villages on the side of <a href="/wiki/Vercors_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Vercors Massif">Vercors</a>. Their names evoke an initial high placement to readily give a defensive view of the plain of Valence: <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9lier" title="Montélier">Montélier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montvendre" title="Montvendre">Montvendre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9l%C3%A9ger" title="Montéléger">Montéléger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montoison" title="Montoison">Montoison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montmeyran" title="Montmeyran">Montmeyran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beaumont-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Beaumont-lès-Valence">Beaumont-lès-Valence</a>. </p><p>However, the territories corresponding to the plain of Valence and the Valentinois do not include west of the agglomeration, which is located in the neighbouring department of Ardèche. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temp%C3%A9ratures_et_pr%C3%A9cipitations_en_Valentinois.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Temp%C3%A9ratures_et_pr%C3%A9cipitations_en_Valentinois.JPG/250px-Temp%C3%A9ratures_et_pr%C3%A9cipitations_en_Valentinois.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Temp%C3%A9ratures_et_pr%C3%A9cipitations_en_Valentinois.JPG/330px-Temp%C3%A9ratures_et_pr%C3%A9cipitations_en_Valentinois.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Temp%C3%A9ratures_et_pr%C3%A9cipitations_en_Valentinois.JPG/500px-Temp%C3%A9ratures_et_pr%C3%A9cipitations_en_Valentinois.JPG 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Temperature and rainfall curves of Valence in 1990</figcaption></figure> <p>Valence enjoys a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>, whose main characteristic is an almost constant wind which blows and dries the Rhône corridor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Mistral_(wind)" title="Mistral (wind)">mistral</a>" when it comes from the north, it brings good weather and coolness in the summer, but an impression of freezing cold in winter. When it comes from the south, it usually announces the arrival of stormy disturbances. It is then called <i>le vent du midi ou le vent des fous</i> [the midi wind or the uncaring wind] because, for some people, it makes the atmosphere painful to bear, especially in the summer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The climate is semi-continental with <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> influences. The Gotheron weather station of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcel-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence">Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence</a>, located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from the centre of Valence, recorded an average temperature of 12.3 °C and 886 millimetres (34.9 in) of precipitation over the period from 1966 to 2004. The annual sunshine in Valence is 2,500 hours/year (average 1970–1994). However, there are large variations from one year to another, depending on the dominant influence (in turn Mediterranean and semi-continental). During the period from 1994 to 2004, the following years were remarkable: Lack of sunshine in 1996 (1,712 hours), low precipitation (572 millimetres (22.5 in)) and high temperatures in 1997, significant rainfall in 1999 (1,049 millimetres (41.3 in)) and in 2002 (1,257 millimetres (49.5 in)). There was significant sunshine (approx. 2,500 hours) from 1999 to 2002, accompanied by higher than average temperatures. Frost in April 2003 which affected peach production, followed by a summer heatwave in 2003, with exceptional sunshine for the year (2,781 hours), and a rainfall deficit in 2004 (722 millimetres (28.4 in)).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valence is located in the Rhône Valley where the wind regime is regular, both from the south (mistral) and north. Adding in the course of the Rhône which is linear from Lyon to Valence, this circumstance has allowed navigable sailing on the Rhône from Valence.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Valence (1997–2020 normals, extremes 1997–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9<br />(103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.7<br />(5.5) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.3<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.6<br />(11.1) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.7<br />(5.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8<br />(2.24) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(1.83) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7<br />(2.11) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3<br />(2.93) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.8<br />(3.50) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.2<br />(2.25) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.3<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.7<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.7<br />(4.87) </td> <td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.4<br />(4.31) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">873.9<br />(34.41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">88.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #9A9A9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.3 </td> <td style="background: #BABA45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.1 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.9 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254.9 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300.2 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.5 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.6 </td> <td style="background: #C2C216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.8 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.9 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.2 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,202 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Meteociel<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimate (sun at <a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a> 2012–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetation">Vegetation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Vegetation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Special:EditPage/Valence, Drôme">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The vegetation in the plain of Valence is mid-European with a supra-Mediterranean floor (<a href="/wiki/Pedunculate_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedunculate oak">pedunculate oak</a>, oak found in the coldest places, and thickets of <a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">hornbeam</a>) mingled with thermophilic species such as <a href="/wiki/Downy_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Downy oak">downy oak</a>, or even <a href="/wiki/Quercus_ilex" title="Quercus ilex">evergreen oaks</a> on exposed slopes with draining soils. Found also in the south of the Drôme Valley where the Mediterranean influence finally prevails (20 kilometres (12 mi) to the South) are spontaneous populations of <a href="/wiki/Thymus_(plant)" title="Thymus (plant)">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender">lavender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_characias" title="Euphorbia characias">Euphorbia characias</a>, Spanish broom (<a href="/wiki/Genista_hispanica" title="Genista hispanica">Genista hispanica</a>), cane of Provence (<a href="/wiki/Arundo_donax" title="Arundo donax">Arundo donax</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Pinus_halepensis" title="Pinus halepensis">Aleppo pines</a> on the western face of the massif of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Crussol</a>. Due to the exposure and the nature of the soil, the Ardèche hills offer landscapes of <a href="/wiki/Garrigue" title="Garrigue">garrigue</a> and Mediterranean Oak (Quercus Ilex) from <a href="/wiki/Tournon-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Tournon-sur-Rhône">Tournon</a> which is located 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of Valence (hills of <a href="/wiki/Cornas" title="Cornas">Cornas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Château de Crussol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soyons" title="Soyons">Soyons</a>). The hills (mostly limestone) have a double vegetation: Mediterranean on the southern side and Sub-continental on the northern side. </p><p>Formerly, the cultivation of olive trees was previously on the well-exposed heights of Tain-l'Hermitage (19 kilometres (12 mi) to the north), but they were replaced by the culture of the vine at first, and then by that of apricot, peach and other fruits which are still very present in the region, even though more than 7,000 hectares (17,000 acres) of fruits (mainly apricots, cherries, peaches and kiwis) disappeared from the Drôme landscapes due to an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Sharka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharka">sharka</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial infection">bacterial infection</a> forcing wilt since 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The central railway station of Valence is the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence-Ville">Gare de Valence-Ville</a>, located just south of the town centre. The station offers connections to Lyon, Grenoble, Avignon, Gap and several regional destinations. In 2001 the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence TGV">Gare de Valence TGV</a> opened along with the <a href="/wiki/LGV_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="LGV Méditerranée">LGV Méditerranée</a>, a <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> line extending south from Valence to <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. The station is only 1 kilometre (1 mi) south of the end of the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="LGV Rhône-Alpes">LGV Rhône-Alpes</a>, giving Valence much shorter journey times to northern destinations as well, with a journey to Paris taking 2h11. The TGV station is located 10 km northeast of the town. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Bikesharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikesharing">bikesharing</a> scheme called Libélo started in March 2010, offering 200 bicycles for long-term hire and 180 for short-term hire, in 18 locations around the city. Charges are collected by smart card or credit card.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_network">Road network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Road network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Valence_between_A7_and_A49.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Location_Valence_between_A7_and_A49.jpg/250px-Location_Valence_between_A7_and_A49.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Location_Valence_between_A7_and_A49.jpg/330px-Location_Valence_between_A7_and_A49.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Location_Valence_between_A7_and_A49.jpg/500px-Location_Valence_between_A7_and_A49.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Location of the <a href="/wiki/A7_autoroute" title="A7 autoroute">A7</a> and <a href="/wiki/A49_autoroute" title="A49 autoroute">A49</a> autoroutes in Valence.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city occupies a key position, at the centre of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rh%C3%B4ne_Valley_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhône Valley (France) (page does not exist)">Rhône Valley</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_du_Rh%C3%B4ne_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:Vallée du Rhône (France)">fr</a>]</span>. Located on a crossroads of road networks, it is known to be a point of passage (cf. the Valence Autoroute Area) of the holidaymakers who head to the Côte d'Azur. The <a href="/wiki/A7_autoroute" title="A7 autoroute">A7 autoroute</a> (commonly known as the <i>autoroute du soleil</i> [motorway of the sun]) connects it to <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (100 kilometres (62 mi) to the north), <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (120 kilometres (75 mi) to the south), then to <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (220 kilometres (140 mi) south). The <a href="/wiki/A49_autoroute" title="A49 autoroute">A49 autoroute</a> connects it to <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (95 kilometres (59 mi) to the northeast). The <a href="/wiki/A41_autoroute" title="A41 autoroute">A41 autoroute</a> connects it to <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a>; 158 kilometres (98 mi) and 206 kilometres (128 mi) respectively) and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> (Switzerland) 245 kilometres (152 mi) to the northeast (via the A49). </p><p>On the other hand, relations with the cities of the <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a> (<a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a>) are more difficult as the roads are very winding. For example, the shortest route to reach <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> passes through the <a href="/wiki/Col_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" title="Col de la République">Col de la République</a> (ex-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Route_nationale_82_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Route nationale 82 (France) (page does not exist)">RN 82</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_nationale_82_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:Route nationale 82 (France)">fr</a>]</span>) at 1,161 metres (3,809 ft) altitude. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Underground_project_of_the_A7">Underground project of the A7</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Underground project of the A7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%27autouroute_A7_%C3%A0_Valence.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/L%27autouroute_A7_%C3%A0_Valence.JPG/220px-L%27autouroute_A7_%C3%A0_Valence.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/L%27autouroute_A7_%C3%A0_Valence.JPG/330px-L%27autouroute_A7_%C3%A0_Valence.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/L%27autouroute_A7_%C3%A0_Valence.JPG/440px-L%27autouroute_A7_%C3%A0_Valence.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2043" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>The A7 at the northern entrance to Valence, looking southbound.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Valence, the <a href="/wiki/A7_autoroute" title="A7 autoroute">A7 autoroute</a> runs along the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> and thus crosses the city by cutting the river. An underground project of the autoroute up to the city is being studied.<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Valence was cut off from its river during the construction of the A7 motorway in the 1960s. The idea is born to bury the fast axis semi-covered trenches over a distance of about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi). This project to bury the motorway should make the banks of the Rhône available to Valence. However, the project would not be completed prior to at least 2025. The studies, which will be soon carried out, should enable a decision on the exact length of motorway involved, the technical choices and the financial cost. According to a preliminary study, the construction costs should culminate in an amount of €500 million, of which the cost will be shared between the State, the company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinci_Autoroutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinci Autoroutes (page does not exist)">Vinci Autoroutes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinci_Autoroutes" class="extiw" title="fr:Vinci Autoroutes">fr</a>]</span>, the department of Drôme and the city of Valence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Valence_ring_road">Valence ring road</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Valence ring road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: [[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Périphérique of Valence (page does not exist)">Périphérique of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riph%C3%A9rique_de_Valence_(Dr%C3%B4me)" class="extiw" title="fr:Périphérique de Valence (Drôme)">fr</a>]</span>]]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Special:EditPage/Valence, Drôme">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The périphérique (<a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a>) of Valence consists of the A7 autoroute, <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_7" title="Route nationale 7">Route nationale 7</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Route_nationale_532&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Route nationale 532 (page does not exist)">Route nationale 532</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_nationale_532" class="extiw" title="fr:Route nationale 532">fr</a>]</span>. It is located on the European routes <a href="/wiki/European_route_E15" title="European route E15">E15</a> (A7) and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E713" title="European route E713">E713</a> (RN 532). </p><p>Forming a half-loop, the Valence ring road covers a little more than 22 kilometres (14 mi) and connects the commune of <a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a> to the north (up to the toll of Valence Nord) in the city quarter of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fontlozier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fontlozier (page does not exist)">Fontlozier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontlozier" class="extiw" title="fr:Fontlozier">fr</a>]</span> to the south (to the toll of Valence Sud exit), thus bypassing the major part of the city whilst ensuring the city is served to the east. It also allows easy access to the <a href="/wiki/Valence_TGV_station" title="Valence TGV station">Valence TGV station</a> in the north, by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Route_nationale_532&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Route nationale 532 (page does not exist)">RN 532</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_nationale_532" class="extiw" title="fr:Route nationale 532">fr</a>]</span>. The ring road of Valence features motorway except in two singular points. The portion of the <a href="/wiki/A7_autoroute" title="A7 autoroute">A7 autoroute</a> in the centre is the legacy of the 1960s when the city turned back to its river. It is even doubled by urban roads, the D2007N. </p><p>Plans to form a complete loop, connecting the current ring road to a western bypass of Valence, on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>, are under consideration. The east ring road is of more recent design and it ensures the continuity of the RN 7, which offers a free alternative to the A7. This section also provides the extension of the <a href="/wiki/A49_autoroute" title="A49 autoroute">A49 autoroute</a> right to Valence. A road-doubling project of the A7 and A49 autoroutes was considered to relieve the ring road of its transit traffic but was abandoned, even though this axis was granted to the society of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autoroutes_du_Sud_de_la_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autoroutes du Sud de la France (page does not exist)">Autoroutes du Sud de la France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoroutes_du_Sud_de_la_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Autoroutes du Sud de la France">fr</a>]</span> (ASF) and acquisitions had been completed. </p><p>The west bypass is gradually emerging and it relates directly to the department of <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>. It is materialised by a second bridge (Lônes Bridge) on the Rhône (D 96 and D 534) coming to relieve the Mistral Bridge located in the city centre. This bypass is to develop because it is located in the core trunk with the D86, the main axis of the right bank of the Rhône. The bypass of the communes of <a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A9ray" title="Saint-Péray">Saint-Péray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornas" title="Cornas">Cornas</a> is programmed, which ensures its realisation by 2025. It will then require the construction of a third bridge over the Rhône in the north of the metropolitan area (in Bourg-lès-Valence) to complete the ring road that will then form a complete loop: This project is at the stage of preliminary studies and it seems that a passage on the present dam of the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_Nationale_du_Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Compagnie Nationale du Rhône">CNR</a> is retained in order to minimise the cost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_bridges_of_Valence">The bridges of Valence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: The bridges of Valence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Special:EditPage/Valence, Drôme">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_F.Mistral_Valence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pont_F.Mistral_Valence.jpg/220px-Pont_F.Mistral_Valence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pont_F.Mistral_Valence.jpg/330px-Pont_F.Mistral_Valence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pont_F.Mistral_Valence.jpg/440px-Pont_F.Mistral_Valence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Frédéric Mistral Bridge.</figcaption></figure> <p>During antiquity, the existence of a bridge providing, as in <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a>, the link between the two shores, is likely. Indeed, as early as 1388, the toponym "Pont Péri" [Péri Bridge] is carried by a sector of the quarter of Basse-Ville lying in the extension of the east-west axis of the ancient city. In addition, A. Blanc would have discovered, still in this same extension, piles of oak, closer perhaps to a pier. He also mentioned the "tour de Constance" [Constance Tower], on the Valence shore, a construction already known in the Middle Ages and which bore all the floods of the Rhône. In any case, the existence of a link between the two banks is in no doubt and a crossing point could even have existed at the site of Valence from the prehistoric time. Whether or not that existed, this ancient bridge was not replaced until the nineteenth century. </p><p>The different successive bridges of Valence, in chronological order, are: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Marc_Seguin" title="Marc Seguin">Seguin</a> Bridge built from 1827 (two years after that of <a href="/wiki/Tain-l%27Hermitage" title="Tain-l'Hermitage">Tain</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tournon-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Tournon-sur-Rhône">Tournon</a>, which was the first bridge of this type installed in France) and delivered to traffic in 1830.</li> <li>The stone bridge, dating from 1905, destroyed 19 June 1940 by French engineers to slow the advance of the German troops. In August 1940, Rhone is again passable by boat and then a ferry to traille. A temporary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaston_Pigeaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaston Pigeaud (page does not exist)">Pigeaud</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Pigeaud" class="extiw" title="fr:Gaston Pigeaud">fr</a>]</span> bridge was then installed by the engineers. This bridge was again damaged on 18 August 1944 during a bombing by the Allied forces.</li> <li>A temporary suspended walkway installed in 1949 and which was in use until 1967.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> Bridge, completed in 1967, is still in service. It joins the commune of <a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a> (Ardèche) to the city centre of Valence (Drôme).</li> <li>Finally, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lône (page does not exist)">Lônes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Lône">fr</a>]</span> Bridge was inaugurated on 18 December 2004, located at the south of the city, is the "second bridge" of Valence, long expected to alleviate the problems of movement between the two banks of the Rhone. It connects the communes of Guilherand-Granges and <a href="/wiki/Soyons" title="Soyons">Soyons</a> (Ardèche) in the southern districts of Valence.</li></ul> <p>During long periods where no bridge was available, a <a href="/wiki/Reaction_ferry" title="Reaction ferry">reaction ferry</a> could cross the Rhone River. On the right bank, in Guilherand-Granges, an old pile used by this ferry is still erect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: [[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport_of_Valence_and_Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public transport of Valence and Romans-sur-Isère (page does not exist)">Citéa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transports_en_commun_de_Valence_et_Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Transports en commun de Valence et Romans-sur-Isère">fr</a>]</span>]]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bus_citea_valence_(004)-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bus_citea_valence_%28004%29-001.jpg/250px-Bus_citea_valence_%28004%29-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bus_citea_valence_%28004%29-001.jpg/330px-Bus_citea_valence_%28004%29-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bus_citea_valence_%28004%29-001.jpg/500px-Bus_citea_valence_%28004%29-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2311" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption>Citéa bus in Valence.</figcaption></figure> <p>The region has a bus network called <i>Citéa</i> which covers the Valence agglomeration (located across the departments of <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re" title="Romans-sur-Isère">romano</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bourg-de-P%C3%A9age" title="Bourg-de-Péage">peageoise</a> town (about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Valence). The network is managed by <i>Valence Romans Déplacements</i> and controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Valence_Romans_Agglo" title="Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo">Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo</a> and its operation is entrusted to VTV (<i>Véolia Transport Valence</i>) from 2012 (the former CTAV network to July 2006). Given the large extent of the Citéa network, the latter is divided into two sectors, Valence and <a href="/wiki/Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re" title="Romans-sur-Isère">Romans-sur-Isère</a>. </p><p>The territory covered by the network is 1,037 square kilometres (400 sq mi). It consists of 64 communes located in and around the towns of Valence and Romans-sur-Isère and is inhabited by nearly 220,000 people. Fourth urban network of the Rhône-Alpes region, it has 20 regular lines, over 200 stops and a fleet of 220 bus. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carte_O%C3%B9RA!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carte OùRA! (page does not exist)">Oura! card</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carte_O%C3%B9RA!" class="extiw" title="fr:Carte OùRA!">fr</a>]</span> is a transport document which consists of a smartcard which allows not only to travel on any Citéa network (charging its transport tickets), but also to combine travel with other modes of transport in the region such as the <a href="/wiki/TER_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">TER Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transport_express_r%C3%A9gional" title="Transport express régional">Transport express régional</a>), networks of transit of Saint Etienne (<a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_Transports_de_l%27Agglom%C3%A9ration_St%C3%A9phanoise" title="Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise">STAS</a>), Grenoble (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Transports_de_l%27agglom%C3%A9ration_grenobloise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transports de l'agglomération grenobloise (page does not exist)">TAG</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transports_de_l%27agglom%C3%A9ration_grenobloise" class="extiw" title="fr:Transports de l'agglomération grenobloise">fr</a>]</span>) or Lyon (<a href="/wiki/Transports_en_commun_lyonnais" title="Transports en commun lyonnais">TCL</a>), or even rent-a-bike in free service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valence has two SNCF railway stations. (Gare) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gare_de_Valence-Ville">Gare de Valence-Ville</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Gare de Valence-Ville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence-Ville">Gare de Valence-Ville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence TGV">Gare de Valence TGV</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-Gare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valence-Gare.jpg/220px-Valence-Gare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valence-Gare.jpg/330px-Valence-Gare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valence-Gare.jpg/440px-Valence-Gare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Façade of the gare de Valence-Ville. Statue of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Bancel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François-Désiré Bancel (page does not exist)">François-Désiré Bancel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gare_de_Valence_TGV-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gare_de_Valence_TGV-1.jpg/250px-Gare_de_Valence_TGV-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gare_de_Valence_TGV-1.jpg/330px-Gare_de_Valence_TGV-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gare_de_Valence_TGV-1.jpg/500px-Gare_de_Valence_TGV-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>A train at the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes-Sud_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence-Rhône-Alpes-Sud TGV">Valence-TGV</a> railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>Valence has two SNCF railway stations. Commissioned in 1865, the role of the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence-Ville">Valence-Ville</a> railway station has refocused on regional transport since the 2001 commissioning of the <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence TGV">gare de Valence TGV</a>, or simply Valence-TGV. It is the point of departure of the trains in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>. Valence-Ville railway station was also the origin of the relationship which serves <a href="/w/index.php?title=Livron_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livron station (page does not exist)">Livron</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Livron" class="extiw" title="fr:Gare de Livron">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Crest_station" title="Crest station">Crest</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die station (page does not exist)">Die</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Die" class="extiw" title="fr:Gare de Die">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veynes-D%C3%A9voluy_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veynes-Dévoluy station (page does not exist)">Veynes-Dévoluy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Veynes-D%C3%A9voluy" class="extiw" title="fr:Gare de Veynes-Dévoluy">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Gap_station" title="Gap station">Gap</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Embrun_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embrun station (page does not exist)">Embrun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_d%27Embrun" class="extiw" title="fr:Gare d'Embrun">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Brian%C3%A7on_station" title="Briançon station">Briançon</a>. The passenger building of Valence-Ville railway station has been in service in April 1866. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Bouchot" title="Louis-Jules Bouchot">Louis-Jules Bouchot</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pourpardin_2008_59–71_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pourpardin_2008_59–71-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> architect of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. The facade of the main body, in stone, is inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles">Versailles</a>. The main façade on the <i>Rue du Pavilion Central</i> has been registered as an <a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">historic monument</a> since 11 October 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-mergare_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mergare-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gare_de_Valence_TGV">Gare de Valence TGV</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Gare de Valence TGV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence TGV">Valence TGV</a> railway station, on the Lyon-Marseilles <a href="/wiki/LGV_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="LGV Méditerranée">LGV Méditerranée</a> line, is located 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north-east of the city centre, in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Alixan" title="Alixan">Alixan</a>. Prior to its opening in 2001, the high speed <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> trains stopped in Valence-Ville railway station. Trains reached Paris in 2 hours 36 minutes. At the opening of the TGV station, a service of fifty TGVs per day was planned with eight of these TGVs continuing to serve Valence-Ville.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valence TGV station rail connections regularly connect to 35 cities, including <a href="/wiki/Paris-Gare_de_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris-Gare de Lyon">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Marseille-Saint-Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Toulouse-Matabiau" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Toulouse-Matabiau">Toulouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lille_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Lille Europe">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Nice-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Nice-Ville">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Montpellier-Saint-Roch" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Montpellier-Saint-Roch">Montpellier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Nantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare du Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Reims">Reims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Avignon_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare d'Avignon TGV">Avignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Besan%C3%A7on_Franche-Comt%C3%A9_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Besançon Franche-Comté TGV">Besançon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Dijon-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Dijon-Ville">Dijon</a>, Barcelona and <a href="/wiki/Brussels-South_railway_station" title="Brussels-South railway station">Brussels</a>. In 2003, 60 daily TGVs served the station, with 1.8 million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-point2007_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2007-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the station was served by 58 daily TGVs, carrying 2.2 million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-rovaltain.fr_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rovaltain.fr-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inland_waterway">Inland waterway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Inland waterway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: [[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de l'Épervière (page does not exist)">Port de l'Épervière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Port de l'Épervière">fr</a>]</span>]] and [[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme (page does not exist)">Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span>]]</div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de l'Épervière (page does not exist)">Port de l'Épervière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Port de l'Épervière">fr</a>]</span> contains 478 berths: It is the first river port of France. Built in 1973, at the initiative of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme (page does not exist)">Chamber of commerce and industry of Drôme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span> (CCI of Drôme), around a pool of 44,000 square metres (470,000 sq ft), it is included in a leisure park of 17 hectares (42 acres). The quality of the services offered allowed it to obtain the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flag_beach" title="Blue Flag beach">blue flag</a> of Europe, in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Created in 1978 and operated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme (page does not exist)">CCI of Drôme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-portval_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portval-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme (page does not exist)">river port of trade</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span> in the Drôme (more often called Port of Valence) is located for its part, on the territory of the commune of <a href="/wiki/Portes-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Portes-lès-Valence">Portes-lès-Valence</a>, just to the south of the city of Valence. It spread over 41 hectares (100 acres) and has in addition to the port itself, an industrial zone with 9 hectares (22 acres) of area of warehouses, including customs, a grain terminal, a 'wood' centre, and the storage sheds (7,600 square metres (82,000 sq ft) all products).<sup id="cite_ref-portval_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portval-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its strategic location on the Rhône (in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a> region, close to <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>, Savoy and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>) allows it to serve the countries of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a> and the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-portval_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portval-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_Nationale_du_Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Compagnie Nationale du Rhône">Compagnie Nationale du Rhône</a> (CNR) began a campaign of work, with a cost of €14 million, to develop the port to make it a place of exchange at the European level.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Valence-Chabeuil_Airport" title="Valence-Chabeuil Airport">Valence-Chabeuil Airport</a></div> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: #eef5ff; text-align:center;float:right;border:thin solid #ccc;padding:0.3em;font-size:85%;"> <caption><b>Nearby airports</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color: #ddf;">Name </th> <th style="background-color: #ddf;">Destinations </th> <th style="background-color: #ddf;">Distance </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Valence-Chabeuil_Airport" title="Valence-Chabeuil Airport">Valence-Chabeuil</a></td> <td><i>France</i></td> <td>5 kilometres (3.1 mi) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ffe;"> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Grenoble%E2%80%93Is%C3%A8re_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble–Isère Airport">Grenoble-Isère</a></td> <td><i>Europe</i></td> <td>80 kilometres (50 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lyon%E2%80%93Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry_Airport" title="Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport">Lyon-Saint-Exupéry</a></td> <td><i>Europe, Africa,<br /> North America</i></td> <td>114 kilometres (71 mi) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Valence-Chabeuil_Airport" title="Valence-Chabeuil Airport">Valence-Chabeuil Airport</a>, located in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Chabeuil" title="Chabeuil">Chabeuil</a>, is co-managed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Council_of_the_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Council of the Drôme (page does not exist)">General Council of the Drôme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_d%C3%A9partemental_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil départemental de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span> and the Chamber of commerce and industry of Drôme.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is open to commercial national traffic, to private aircraft, using <a href="/wiki/IFR" class="mw-redirect" title="IFR">IFR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_flight_rules" title="Visual flight rules">VFR</a> but welcomes more regular routes since the decision of the Valence-Paris service,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2015)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> which has run since 1969. </p><p>The airport has three runways: one of 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) in concrete, and two smaller, 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) and 440 metres (1,440 ft). The 530 square metres (5,700 sq ft) terminal has two gateways for access to aircraft. The aircraft parking area is 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft). Passengers have at their disposal a 150-space car park and a hotel area. A flying club, as well as a helicopter company<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2015)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> are installed at the airport.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Grenoble-Is%C3%A8re_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble-Isère Airport">Grenoble-Isère Airport</a> is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-east of Valence along the A49 and offers flights to several European cities including London, Bristol, Dublin, Rotterdam and Warsaw. <a href="/wiki/Lyon-Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyon-Saint-Exupéry Airport">Lyon-Saint-Exupéry Airport</a> is 114 kilometres (71 mi) north of Valence via the A7 motorway and offers international flights. The airport is considered to be the second airport in the province after Nice-Côte d'Azur Airport and connects Lyon with most capitals and major European cities. More than 100 cities are connected one or more times a week, some up to five times per day, such as London. In 2013, the Lyon-Saint-Exupéry airport processed more than 8.5 million passengers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-service_bicycles">Self-service bicycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Self-service bicycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libelo_Valence_(001)-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Libelo_Valence_%28001%29-001.jpg/250px-Libelo_Valence_%28001%29-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Libelo_Valence_%28001%29-001.jpg/330px-Libelo_Valence_%28001%29-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Libelo_Valence_%28001%29-001.jpg/500px-Libelo_Valence_%28001%29-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9lo" class="mw-redirect" title="Libélo">Libélo</a> bicycle station, in the city centre of Valence</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 28 March 2010, the city has a system of self-service <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">rent-a-bike</a> and long-term hire called <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9lo" class="mw-redirect" title="Libélo">Libélo</a>. It includes 160 bikes on the <a href="/wiki/Smoove" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoove">Smoove</a> key concept spread over 18 then 20 stations and 200 rental bikes for long duration in Valence, <a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a>. </p><p>Unlike most other bike sharing systems, its management is not delegated to a business, or related to an advertising market but provided by the transport company of Valence (subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Transdev" title="Transdev">Transdev</a>) in partnership with the Citéa transit network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_planning">Urban planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Urban planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_morphology">Urban morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Urban morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The old centre is based on the Roman foundation on a <a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">grid plan</a>, occupation of the banks of the Rhone is sparse, probably because of instability.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The orientation of the streets of the Roman city, orientation still quite widespread in the streets of the old town, is identical to those of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Cadastre" title="Cadastre">cadastres</a> of the surrounding countryside. The grid plan follows a dual orientation, varying neighbourhoods, the dual orientation which corresponds to two modules of this plan: One of about 360 Roman feet (107 metres (351 ft)), the other 420 feet, which sometimes breaks down into 120 feet spacing. This second module describes the angle of the <i>Rue de l'Équerre</i>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_des_Ormeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place des Ormeaux (page does not exist)">Place des Ormeaux</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Ormeaux" class="extiw" title="fr:Place des Ormeaux">fr</a>]</span> exactly a square <i>actus</i> (i.e. a square with a side of 120 Roman feet); the <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a> occupies two square <i>actus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-chouquer-odiot-370_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chouquer-odiot-370-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of the Roman <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a> near the Porte Neuve (New Gate) is detectable only in the design of the streets of the cadastre from 1807.<sup id="cite_ref-chouquer-odiot-371_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chouquer-odiot-371-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first alluvial terrace, at 120–125 metres (394–410 ft) altitude, was fully occupied by the western part of the communal territory in the 1960s. The city of Valence then expanded eastward, on the <a href="/wiki/Riss_glaciation" title="Riss glaciation">Riss</a> terrace, at an altitude of approximately 150 metres (490 ft). To the south, the Lautagne plateau, at an altitude of 180 metres (590 ft), determines a narrow groove between this advance from the terrace of la Léore and the Rhône, which has limited the development of the city in that direction. At the end of the 20th century, the city was again cut off from the Rhône by the construction of the <a href="/wiki/A7_autoroute" title="A7 autoroute">A7 autoroute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Port areas are alone in the south towards <a href="/wiki/Portes-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Portes-lès-Valence">Portes-lès-Valence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Valence agglomeration stretches on the right bank of the Rhône, but is limited by the edge of the Vivarais plateau. However, it includes the communes of <a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A9ray" title="Saint-Péray">Saint-Péray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornas" title="Cornas">Cornas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soyons" title="Soyons">Soyons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To facilitate the expansion of the town to the east, a large expressway was built (it is used by the RN7),<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the <a href="/wiki/Valence-Chabeuil_Airport" title="Valence-Chabeuil Airport">Valence-Chabeuil Airport</a> has been in operation since 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quarters">Quarters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Quarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: [[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarters_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarters of Valence (page does not exist)">Quarters of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartiers_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Quartiers de Valence">fr</a>]</span>]]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_de_Valence_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me_depuis_le_plateau_de_Lautagne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vue_de_Valence_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me_depuis_le_plateau_de_Lautagne.jpg/750px-Vue_de_Valence_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me_depuis_le_plateau_de_Lautagne.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vue_de_Valence_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me_depuis_le_plateau_de_Lautagne.jpg/1125px-Vue_de_Valence_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me_depuis_le_plateau_de_Lautagne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vue_de_Valence_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me_depuis_le_plateau_de_Lautagne.jpg/1500px-Vue_de_Valence_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me_depuis_le_plateau_de_Lautagne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7681" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption>View of the southern districts of Valence from the plateau of Lautagne</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Valence is made of twenty <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">quarters</a> (with an average of 3,500 people per quarter<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>). They are all different from the other: The northern quarters are rather popular and residential (Polygone, Fontbarlettes, le Plan and la Chamberlière) and even rural (Thodure), while the southern quarters are generally inhabited by the middle class and pensioners (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fontlozier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fontlozier (page does not exist)">Fontlozier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontlozier" class="extiw" title="fr:Fontlozier">fr</a>]</span>, Hugo-Provence, Laprat, les Baumes, Mannet, Valence Sud and Lautagne), although there is a popular district (Valensolles), the central quarters are commercial and animated (Centre-ville, Gare, Victor Hugo) and also for tourists during the summer (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux Valence (page does not exist)">Vieux Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieux_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Vieux Valence">fr</a>]</span>, Basse ville, l'Épervière) and the east quarters are areas with residential character (Baquet, Grand Charran, Petit Charran, Châteauvert, Danton and Briffaut), however the Martins quarter is rather rural. </p><p>Some districts are represented by a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comit%C3%A9_de_quartier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comité de quartier (page does not exist)">"Quarter Committee"</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_de_quartier" class="extiw" title="fr:Comité de quartier">fr</a>]</span>, which makes for a very lively micro-local fabric. A Quarter Committee is an association of people who play a role with regard to public institutions, and who allow an exchange of information between people and municipal services. In this way, residents can participate in the direction of development projects of their quarters according to their aspirations. </p><p>To avoid a trip to the city hall, the city of Valence has created five city hall branches in outlying quarters. The mayoral branches of Fontbarlettes, le Plan, Centre-Ville, Valence Sud and the Chamberlière are placed at the disposal of the inhabitants and are in charge of certain administrative services delegated by the Central Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the total number of dwellings in the municipality was 34,661, while it was 32,376 in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among this housing, 88.4% were primary residences, 1.0% of secondary residences and 10.6% vacant housing. These dwellings were 24.1% detached houses and 74.7% of apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-LOG_T2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOG_T2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proportion of primary residences, as properties of their occupants, was 43.1%, up slightly from 1999 (41.1%). The share of social housing (empty rented <a href="/wiki/HLM" title="HLM">HLM</a>) was 16.5% against 18.8%, their number having dropped: 5,059 against 5,439.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerning social housing, there are several organisations which are the Public Housing Office of Valence (OPH) and Housing Development of Drôme (DAH) who construct, maintain and manage social housing throughout the city and in the Valence agglomeration,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most are located in so-called working-class quarters. As for the grants of the OPH, they come from the city of Valence, the Drôme department, the region and the State.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those of DAH come mainly from the department. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_projects">Development projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Development projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major projects of the municipality do not yet concern the city centre, even if they have the merit of addressing the three terraces which line the city: the first terrace concerns Valence-le-Haut (quarters of le Plan and Fontbarlettes), the second concerns the centre and the south, and the third the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>. </p><p>One of the city's major projects is the reclamation of the banks, disfigured by the passage of the A7 motorway over 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he was Mayor of Valence, Member of Parliament <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Labaune" title="Patrick Labaune">Patrick Labaune</a> had defended a bypass with an eastern route. Thus advocating the "removal the A7", when elected, specifically a burial of the motorway in semi-covered trenches. The project would have been validated by the company of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autoroutes_du_Sud_de_la_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autoroutes du Sud de la France (page does not exist)">Autoroutes du Sud de la France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoroutes_du_Sud_de_la_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Autoroutes du Sud de la France">fr</a>]</span> (ASF), but the mayor refuses for now to give a price, which would be some €500 million according to experts.<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-calameo_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calameo-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other projects will be launched to create a 24 kilometres (15 mi) <a href="/wiki/Greenway_(landscape)" title="Greenway (landscape)">green route</a>, on the banks, through the municipalities of Valence and <a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a>. In addition to a renovation of the tourist facilities on the site of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de l'Épervière (page does not exist)">l'Épervière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Port de l'Épervière">fr</a>]</span>, the city wants to transform the Îles <i>quartier</i> into an <a href="/wiki/Ecodistrict" title="Ecodistrict">ecodistrict</a>, with positive energy housing.<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This project could lead to the removal of family gardens there. However, there is a building plot and the gardens will be resettled on fertile lands of the plateau of Lautagne. </p><p>Like the Îfles quarter, a new quarter is planned in the south of the city on the brownfield site of the Hugo-Provence area, in place of the former Cime building (destroyed in 2013), with the construction of 200 housing units (half social, half private), shops and a hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-calameo_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calameo-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first part should be delivered before 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the major issues of the municipality is the opening up of the Hauts-de-Valence, which is subject to a program of <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> of €117 million, jointly funded by the city and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agence_nationale_pour_la_r%C3%A9novation_urbaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine (page does not exist)">National Agency for urban renewal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_nationale_pour_la_r%C3%A9novation_urbaine" class="extiw" title="fr:Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine">fr</a>]</span> (ANRU). It includes the demolition of 417 houses in the working-class districts of the Plan and Fontbarlettes and their reconstruction by the end of 2014 throughout the city.<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project also includes an opening up and connection of these areas to the rest of the city. Shared public spaces will be created on Roosevelt and Kennedy boulevards. </p><p>At an estimated €100 million cost,<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the last big project supported by the city concerns the creation of a city of sports and culture on the former military wasteland of Latour-Maubourg. It will host the new Jean-Pommier pool, a municipal exhibition hall, a media hub with the headquarters of the radio station <a href="/w/index.php?title=France_Bleu_Dr%C3%B4me_Ard%C3%A8che&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France Bleu Drôme Ardèche (page does not exist)">France Bleu Drôme Ardèche</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Bleu_Dr%C3%B4me_Ard%C3%A8che" class="extiw" title="fr:France Bleu Drôme Ardèche">fr</a>]</span> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Dauphin%C3%A9_lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Le Dauphiné libéré">Le Dauphiné libéré</a></i> newspaper, and finally a centre of higher education. The renovated buildings will house a students' halls, Maestris private school, nursing school and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27art_et_design_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École supérieure d'art et design de Valence (page does not exist)">regional school of fine arts of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27art_et_design_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:École supérieure d'art et design de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, which has created a public establishment of cultural co-operation with that of Grenoble. In addition to the space of the wasteland, the city will have the land released by the relocation of the prison, in 2015. It has also launched a study to establish a new <a href="/wiki/Convention_center" title="Convention center">palais des congrès</a> in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-point2011_55-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-point2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_administration">Politics and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Politics and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_administration">Municipal administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Municipal administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence_2006-03-03_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Valence_2006-03-03_006.jpg/250px-Valence_2006-03-03_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Valence_2006-03-03_006.jpg/330px-Valence_2006-03-03_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Valence_2006-03-03_006.jpg/500px-Valence_2006-03-03_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Valence" title="Hôtel de Ville, Valence">Hôtel de Ville</a> (city hall)</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Valence is a <a href="/wiki/Territorial_collectivity" title="Territorial collectivity">territorial collectivity</a> administered by a <a href="/wiki/City_council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="City council (France)">municipal council</a> which is the deliberative assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> and which aims to regulate by its deliberations the business of the municipality. The municipal council elects the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">mayor</a>. As for any commune whose population is between 60,000 and 79,999 inhabitants, this council has 49 members (mayor, 14 deputies and 34 municipal councillors) elected by direct universal suffrage for a renewable term of six years. </p><p>The current mayor of Valence is <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Daragon" title="Nicolas Daragon">Nicolas Daragon</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> elected in 2014. The current council was elected in April 2014. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Valence" title="Hôtel de Ville, Valence">Hôtel de Ville</a> (city hall) was designated a <i><a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">monument historique</a></i> by the French government in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_French_municipal_elections" title="2014 French municipal elections">2014 municipal elections</a>, the composition of the <a href="/wiki/City_council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="City council (France)">municipal council</a> of Valence is as follows: </p> <table class="toccolours" align="center" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Municipal Council of Valence</b> (mandature 2014–2020). </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>List </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>"Générations Valence Demain"</i><br />[Tomorrow's generations of Valence] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a>-<a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">UDI</a> </td> <td>Nicolas Daragon </td> <td>38 </td> <td>Majority </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>"J'aime Valence"</i><br />[I like Valence] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Maurice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Maurice (page does not exist)">Alain Maurice</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Maurice" class="extiw" title="fr:Alain Maurice">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>"Réussir Ensemble Valence"</i><br />[Valence succeeding together] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a> </td> <td>Patrick Royannez </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>"Oui ! Valence Bleu Marine"</i><br />[Yes! Valence Navy] </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (France)">FN</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_bleu_Marine" title="Rassemblement bleu Marine">RBM</a> </td> <td>Richard Fritz </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Opposition </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_mayors">List of mayors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: List of mayors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>List of mayors of Valence during the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption>List of mayors of Valence during the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Other details </th></tr> <tr> <td>1694 </td> <td> </td> <td>Jean-Pierre Bachasson </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>List of mayors of Valence from the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)#Liberation_of_France" title="Western Front (World War II)">Liberation</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption>List of mayors of Valence from 1790 to 1944 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Other details </th></tr> <tr> <td>... </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>... </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1795 </td> <td>1801 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_de_Montalivet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Pierre de Montalivet">Jean-Pierre de Montalivet</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Count of Montalivet </td></tr> <tr> <td>... </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>... </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 June 1815 </td> <td>26 July 1815 </td> <td>Jean-Pierre Bleizac </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 July 1815 </td> <td>16 October 1816 </td> <td>François " Frédéric " de Plan </td> <td> </td> <td>Marquis de Sieyès de Veynes </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 October 1816 </td> <td>9 July 1817 </td> <td>Jean-Pierre Bleizac </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 July 1817 </td> <td>10 September 1830 </td> <td>Venance Sylvain Forcheron </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 September 1830 </td> <td>7 July 1836 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Delacroix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Delacroix (page does not exist)">Nicolas Delacroix</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Delacroix" class="extiw" title="fr:Nicolas Delacroix">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 July 1836 </td> <td>20 September 1836 </td> <td>Calixte Bonnet </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 September 1836 </td> <td>7 July 1843 </td> <td>Nicolas Delacroix </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 July 1843 </td> <td>13 September 1843 </td> <td>Calixte Bonnet </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 September 1843 </td> <td>11 November 1846 </td> <td>Eugène Alexandre Ithier </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 November 1846 </td> <td>9 January 1849 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Antoine_Ferlay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Antoine Ferlay (page does not exist)">Joseph Antoine Ferlay</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Antoine_Ferlay" class="extiw" title="fr:Joseph Antoine Ferlay">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 March 1874 </td> <td>17 May 1874 </td> <td>Louis-Félix Dupré de Loire </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 September 1894 </td> <td>9 May 1896 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Malizard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-François Malizard (page does not exist)">Jean-François Malizard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Malizard" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-François Malizard">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 May 1896 </td> <td>9 October 1919 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Chalamet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Chalamet (page does not exist)">Henri Chalamet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Chalamet" class="extiw" title="fr:Henri Chalamet">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Union_(France)" title="Republican Union (France)">Republican Union</a> </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 October 1919 </td> <td>22 October 1928 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Perdrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Perdrix (page does not exist)">Henri Perdrix</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Perdrix" class="extiw" title="fr:Henri Perdrix">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">Radical-socialist</a> </td> <td>Carpentry contractor<br />General Counsel<br />Senator of the Drôme </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 October 1928 </td> <td>2 February 1934 </td> <td>Jules Algoud </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 February 1934 </td> <td>30 August 1944 </td> <td>René Pècherot </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 August 1944 </td> <td>25 October 1947 </td> <td>Jean Buclon </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table border="1" class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption>List of mayors of Valence since the Liberation </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Start </th> <th>End </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Other details </th></tr> <tr> <td>26 October 1947 </td> <td>24 September 1957 </td> <td>Camille Vernet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">Radical-Socialist</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 September 1957 </td> <td>26 March 1971 </td> <td>Jean Perdrix </td> <td>Radical-Socialist </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 March 1971 </td> <td>17 March 1977 </td> <td>Roger Ribadeau-Dumas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 March 1977 </td> <td>18 June 1995 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodolphe_Pesce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodolphe Pesce (page does not exist)">Rodolphe Pesce</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolphe_Pesce" class="extiw" title="fr:Rodolphe Pesce">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_General_Counsels_of_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of General Counsels of Drôme (page does not exist)">General Counsel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_conseillers_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des conseillers généraux de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 June 1995 </td> <td>7 April 2004 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Labaune" title="Patrick Labaune">Patrick Labaune</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conseil_r%C3%A9gional_de_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conseil régional de Rhône-Alpes (page does not exist)">Regional Counsel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_r%C3%A9gional_de_Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil régional de Rhône-Alpes">fr</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 April 2004 </td> <td>21 March 2008 </td> <td>Léna Balsan </td> <td>UMP </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 March 2008 </td> <td>4 April 2014 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Maurice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Maurice (page does not exist)">Alain Maurice</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Maurice" class="extiw" title="fr:Alain Maurice">fr</a>]</span> </td> <td>PS </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 April 2014 </td> <td>In progress </td> <td>Nicolas Daragon </td> <td>UMP </td> <td>General Counsel </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cantons">Cantons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Cantons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Capital of the department of Drôme, the city of Valence is divided into four cantons, of which it is <a href="/wiki/Chef-lieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chef-lieu">chef-lieu</a>. </p><p>The cantonal division of Valence has evolved since the creation of the departments in 1790. Established in 1801, the canton of Valence was divided into two in 1964, and then three in 1973 and finally into four in 1984. The cantonal redistricting of 2015 led to the creation of four new cantons each containing a fraction of the commune of Valence and whole communes. </p> <table border="1" width="100%" style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>The cantons of Valence</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-1" title="Canton of Valence-1">Canton of Valence-1</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-2" title="Canton of Valence-2">Canton of Valence-2</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-3" title="Canton of Valence-3">Canton of Valence-3</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valence-4" title="Canton of Valence-4">Canton of Valence-4</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_the_Dr%C3%B4me_department" title="Cantons of the Drôme department">Cantons of the Drôme department</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_trends_and_outcomes">Political trends and outcomes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Political trends and outcomes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: [[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_municipal_elections_in_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 municipal elections in Drôme (page does not exist)">2014 municipal elections in Drôme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_municipales_de_2014_dans_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Élections municipales de 2014 dans la Drôme">fr</a>]</span>]]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercommunality_and_intercommunal_trade_unions">Intercommunality and intercommunal trade unions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Intercommunality and intercommunal trade unions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valence is the largest city of <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_Valence_Romans_Agglo" title="Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo">Valence Romans Agglo</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglomeration community">agglomeration community</a> with 51 communes of the region. It is responsible for several areas of skills, including local public transport, economic development, sanitation and environment, sports complexes and public libraries management.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography">Demography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">inhabitants are called</a> <i>Valentinois</i> in French.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the municipality had 64,726 inhabitants. Its <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_urbaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Unité urbaine">agglomeration</a> had 132,556 inhabitants (10 communes, of which 3 in <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>) and its <a href="/wiki/Functional_area_(France)" title="Functional area (France)">metropolitan area</a> had 254,254 inhabitants (71 communes across Drôme and Ardèche).<sup id="cite_ref-compar_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;margin:0.5em auto;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1793</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,633</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1800</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,532</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1806</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,212</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,805</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">10,406</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.60%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1836</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,967</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,407</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1846</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,901</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,122</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1856</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">16,875</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.92%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,711</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1866</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,142</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.48%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,668</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1876</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,220</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">24,502</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1886</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,761</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,283</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1896</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,212</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,946</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1906</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">28,112</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,706</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,654</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,964</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">34,275</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.05%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">36,582</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,020</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1954</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,470</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">52,532</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1968</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,358</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">68,604</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,356</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.47%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,437</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1999</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,260</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.14%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2007</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,803</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 2012</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">62,481</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2017</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,714</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.39%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">From 1962 to 1999: Population without double counting; for the years following: municipal population.<br />Source: Ldh/<a href="/wiki/EHESS" class="mw-redirect" title="EHESS">EHESS</a>/Cassini until 1999<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worship_and_humanist_associations">Worship and humanist associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Worship and humanist associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valence has two Catholic parishes, which depend on the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Valence" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Valence">Diocese of Valence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> of Valence: Notre-Dame-des-Peuples of Valence<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Saint Émilien of Valence.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jewish community has a synagogue in Valence.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Armenian community, comprising over 10% of the population, has its own church, Saint Sahag (Isaac) and in November 2017 launched the construction of an Armenian-language daily-school. </p><p>Protestants also have a place of worship in Valence, through the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_of_France" title="Reformed Church of France">Reformed Church of France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical">Evangelical</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> Church<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_events_and_festivities">Cultural events and festivities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Cultural events and festivities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Valence fête le printemps</i> [Valence spring festival]: Celebrating agricultural productions<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Boulevards de chines</i> [Boulevard of china]: Flea markets and antiques<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Festival de Valence</i> [Festival of Valence]: Free concerts in the city<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Les Féeries d'Hiver</i> [Winter extravaganza]: Show and Fireworks<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valence has two hospitals, a public and a private.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many health professionals are installed on the commune, including 58 physicians,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 67 nurses, 80 <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapist">physiotherapists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2009, Valence is a member of the <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> city health network,<sup id="cite_ref-sv_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sv-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through its commitments for the promotion of good nutrition practices, Valence is also very active in the National Programme of Health and Nutrition (PNNS).<sup id="cite_ref-sv_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sv-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Hospital_of_Valence">Central Hospital of Valence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Central Hospital of Valence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Centre Hospitalier de Valence</i> [Central Hospital of Valence] (CHV) employed 2,570 people in 2013. It includes all clinical specialties (medicine, Oncology, surgery, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, psychiatry, care and rehabilitation, long stay, etc.). It has a maternity hospital where approximately 2,326 babies (including 20.9% deliveries by caesarean section and 60.6% deliveries under epidural) are born each year. The Central Hospital of Valence has a capacity of 740 beds. In 2011, nearly 67,000 people were presented as emergencies; the operating block has practised more than 10,000 interventions, nearly 29 interventions per day. In the maternity ward of the hospital, over 2,000 children were born.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Woman-Mother-Child Centre welcomes paediatrics, neonatology and obstetrics, infant surgery, gynaecology and the hospitalisation units for woman and child. The Medical and Tumour Pathologies Centre welcomes gastro-enterology, haematology, oncology, haemovigilance, pulmonology – infectious diseases, dermatology, alcohol addiction, and palliative care. The Geriatrics and Rehabilitation Centre brings together the geriatric mobile team, the USLD, the <a href="/wiki/EHPAD" class="mw-redirect" title="EHPAD">EHPAD</a>, the geriatric SSR, and rehabilitation. The Surgery and Anesthesia Centre block welcomes orthopaedics, ENT, the ophthalmology, gynecological surgery, urology, neurosurgery, anesthesia, and an operating room. The Medicine and Specialties Centre includes cardiology, neurology, department of medicine, multipurpose medicine and dietetics. After the opening of the radiology building, a surgical building of 263 beds and places opened its doors in June 2011.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drôme_Ardèche_Private_Hospital"><span id="Dr.C3.B4me_Ard.C3.A8che_Private_Hospital"></span>Drôme Ardèche Private Hospital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Drôme Ardèche Private Hospital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche</i> [Drôme Ardèche Private Hospital] (HPDA) is a complex created in 2005 from the joining of the <i>Clinique Pasteur</i> [Pasteur clinic] (located on the neighboring commune of <a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a>) and the <i>Clinique Générale de Valence</i> [Valence General clinic] (located in the quarter of Chaffit in Valence).<sup id="cite_ref-hpda_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpda-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has 361 beds and places spread across the two sites. Its Emergency Department, located on the site of Pasteur, is open 7 days a week and 24 hours a day.<sup id="cite_ref-hpda_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpda-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the Drôme Ardèche Private Hospital staff consists of 150 doctors and liberal surgeons, 180 nurses, 140 caregivers, 20 midwives, 16 childcare auxiliaries, 110 other hospital workers and porters, 45 other paramedic personnel, and 80 administrative and technical personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-hpda_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpda-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_services_and_civil_security">Emergency services and civil security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Emergency services and civil security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fire_service_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service in France">firefighters</a> of the Drôme department (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Service_d%C3%A9partemental_d%27incendie_et_de_secours&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Service départemental d'incendie et de secours (page does not exist)">SDIS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_d%C3%A9partemental_d%27incendie_et_de_secours" class="extiw" title="fr:Service départemental d'incendie et de secours">fr</a>]</span> 26) includes 2,735 staff (316 professional firefighters and 2,419 volunteers); its headquarters (which also houses the board of directors) is located at 235 <i>Route de Montélier</i> in Valence. Under the direction of Commander Laurent Blanchard, the firefighters of the Drôme took part in 28,551 interventions in 2013. The main rescue centre (known as "CSP", commonly referred to as the <i>sapeurs-pompiers de Valence</i> [firefighters of Valence]) is under the responsibility of Captain Fabien Thepaut. It is the most important <a href="/wiki/Fire_station" title="Fire station">centre of intervention</a> of the department and is located at 57 <i>Rue de Chantecouriol</i>, Hugo-Provence Quarter in Valence. There are also seven assistance intervention centres (CIS) in the Valence agglomeration (CIS of Beaumont-lès-Valence, Chabeuil, Étoile-sur-Rhône, Montélier, Portes-lès-Valence, Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence and Saint-Péray). </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Service_d%27aide_m%C3%A9dicale_urgente&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Service d'aide médicale urgente (page does not exist)">SAMU</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_d%27aide_m%C3%A9dicale_urgente" class="extiw" title="fr:Service d'aide médicale urgente">fr</a>]</span> 26 is an emergency medical assistance service which has the mission to receive and treat emergency calls on the territory of Drôme. Its mission is to provide pre-hospital assistance to victims of accidents or sudden illnesses in critical condition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_education">School education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: School education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GS_Valence_facade_rue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/GS_Valence_facade_rue.JPG/220px-GS_Valence_facade_rue.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/GS_Valence_facade_rue.JPG/330px-GS_Valence_facade_rue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/GS_Valence_facade_rue.JPG/440px-GS_Valence_facade_rue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A view of the western façade of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_priv%C3%A9_catholique_Montplaisir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée privé catholique Montplaisir (page does not exist)">Lycée privé catholique Montplaisir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_priv%C3%A9_catholique_Montplaisir" class="extiw" title="fr:Lycée privé catholique Montplaisir">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>10 collèges (Paul-Valery, Camille-Vernet, Sainte-Anne, Jean-Zay, etc.)</li> <li>4 classical lycées (Camille-Vernet [artistic options: Cinema, art, music, Russian], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institution_Notre-Dame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institution Notre-Dame (page does not exist)">Institution Notre-Dame</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution_Notre-Dame" class="extiw" title="fr:Institution Notre-Dame">fr</a>]</span>, Institution Saint-Victor, Émile Loubet [artistic options: Theatre, dance, Chinese])</li> <li>6 vocational lycées (La Providence, Victor-Hugo, etc.)</li> <li>1 lycée of technical training (Jules-Algoud industrial lycée)</li> <li>1 tertiary versatile lycée</li> <li>1 industrial technology lycée</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_priv%C3%A9_catholique_Montplaisir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée privé catholique Montplaisir (page does not exist)">Montplaisir Catholic private lycée</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_priv%C3%A9_catholique_Montplaisir" class="extiw" title="fr:Lycée privé catholique Montplaisir">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Valence is now developing its high level educational role in the Drôme/<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a> area. The Site de Valence is part of the <a href="/wiki/Community_Grenoble_Alpes_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Grenoble Alpes University">Community Grenoble Alpes University</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/UJF" class="mw-redirect" title="UJF">UJF</a>, UPMF, including the <a href="/wiki/Institut_universitaire_de_technologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut universitaire de technologie">Institut universitaire de technologie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stendhal_University" title="Stendhal University">Stendhal</a>). Valence is also home to the <a href="/wiki/INPG" class="mw-redirect" title="INPG">INPG</a> engineering school (<a href="/wiki/ESISAR" class="mw-redirect" title="ESISAR">ESISAR</a>). Many other and more specialized schools are also located in Valence. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier_University" title="Joseph Fourier University">Joseph Fourier University</a>: science, technology, health, STAPS, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_du_professorat_et_de_l%27%C3%A9ducation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation (page does not exist)">ESPE</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_du_professorat_et_de_l%27%C3%A9ducation" class="extiw" title="fr:École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s-France_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Mendès-France University">Pierre Mendès-France University</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_universitaire_de_technologie_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut universitaire de technologie de Valence (page does not exist)">IUT</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_universitaire_de_technologie_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Institut universitaire de technologie de Valence">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stendhal_University" title="Stendhal University">Stendhal University</a>: letters, languages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESISAR" class="mw-redirect" title="ESISAR">ESISAR</a> (École nationale supérieure in advanced systems and networks) of <a href="/wiki/Grenoble_INP" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenoble INP">Grenoble INP</a></li> <li>Lycée Camille-Vernet: <a href="/wiki/CPGE" class="mw-redirect" title="CPGE">CPGE</a> scientific and economic</li> <li>Higher technology Institute Montplaisir: CPGE economic and trade</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27art_et_design_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École supérieure d'art et design de Valence (page does not exist)">Regional school of fine arts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_d%27art_et_design_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:École supérieure d'art et design de Valence">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme (page does not exist)">School of management and commerce</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span> (EGC)</li> <li>Institute for hospital nursing education</li> <li>La Poudrière – Animation film school</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_technologique_Montplaisir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut supérieur technologique Montplaisir (page does not exist)">Higher technology Institute Montplaisir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_sup%C3%A9rieur_technologique_Montplaisir" class="extiw" title="fr:Institut supérieur technologique Montplaisir">fr</a>]</span> (ISTM)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imafinale5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Imafinale5.jpg/250px-Imafinale5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Imafinale5.jpg/330px-Imafinale5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Imafinale5.jpg/500px-Imafinale5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharks_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharks de Valence (page does not exist)">Sharks de Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharks_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Sharks de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, American football</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Basketball: <i>Valence Bourg Basket</i> is a basketball club created on 6 May 2011 and located in Bourg-lès-Valence.</li> <li>Cycling: Valence was finish city of the 11th stage of the <a href="/wiki/1996_Tour_de_France" title="1996 Tour de France">1996 Tour de France</a>, with the victory of the Colombian <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Jaime_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="mw-redirect" title="José Jaime González">José Jaime González</a>. Valence will also be the finish for Stage 15 of the <a href="/wiki/2015_Tour_de_France" title="2015 Tour de France">2015 Tour de France</a> on 19 July.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharks_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharks de Valence (page does not exist)">Sharks de Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharks_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Sharks de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, created in 2002, evolve in France's Division 3 Championship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a>: <a href="/wiki/AS_Valence" class="mw-redirect" title="AS Valence">Association Sportive de Valence</a> (ASV) replaced <a href="/wiki/ASOA_Valence" title="ASOA Valence">ASOA Valence</a>, which went into judicial liquidation in August 2005, the new team plays in the <a href="/wiki/Championnat_de_France_Amateur" class="mw-redirect" title="Championnat de France Amateur">CFA</a> from the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Championnat_de_France_amateur" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–12 Championnat de France amateur">2011–2012 season</a>.</li> <li>Golf: The <i>Golf Club de Valence</i> covers approximately 50 hectares (120 acres) of woods and greenery in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Charpey" title="Charpey">Charpey</a> (east of the city); the place bears the name of <i>Golf de Valence – St Didier</i>, and offers a course of 18 holes with a length of 5,595 metres (6,119 yd), par 71. Situated in Bourg-lès-Valence, the <i>Golf des Chanalets</i> offers an 18-hole course, with a length of 5,893 metres (6,445 yd), par 71, and opens onto large 360° panoramas of the plain of Valence with the Rhône, Ardèche and Vercors summits.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence_Handball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valence Handball (page does not exist)">Valence Handball</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_Handball" class="extiw" title="fr:Valence Handball">fr</a>]</span> played in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Championnat_de_France_de_handball_masculin_de_Division_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Championnat de France de handball masculin de Division 2 (page does not exist)">Division 2 of the Championship of France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championnat_de_France_de_handball_masculin_de_Division_2" class="extiw" title="fr:Championnat de France de handball masculin de Division 2">fr</a>]</span> from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Championnat_de_France_de_handball_masculin_de_D2_2012%E2%80%932013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Championnat de France de handball masculin de D2 2012–2013 (page does not exist)">2012–2013</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championnat_de_France_de_handball_masculin_de_D2_2012%E2%80%932013" class="extiw" title="fr:Championnat de France de handball masculin de D2 2012–2013">fr</a>]</span> season.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a>: The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence_Hockey_sur_Glace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valence Hockey sur Glace (page does not exist)">Lynx of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_Hockey_sur_Glace" class="extiw" title="fr:Valence Hockey sur Glace">fr</a>]</span> team was founded in 1976 and played in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Championnat_de_France_de_hockey_sur_glace_D3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Championnat de France de hockey sur glace D3 (page does not exist)">Division 2</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Championnat_de_France_de_hockey_sur_glace_D3" class="extiw" title="fr:Championnat de France de hockey sur glace D3">fr</a>]</span>.</li> <li>Judo: The <i>CSF Judo Valence</i> club was established in 1950. It now has 164 licensees including 17 black belts. Three graduate teachers of state and two volunteer teachers supervise the youngest to most senior courses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">Roller in-line hockey</a>: <i>Valence Roller Hockey</i> has a team playing in the Championship of France N2 and counts an international junior among its players.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a>: Valence is the primary home of <a href="/wiki/ROC_La_Voulte-Valence" title="ROC La Voulte-Valence">ROC La Voulte-Valence</a>, which currently plays in the third division of French rugby, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_1" title="Fédérale 1">Fédérale 1</a>. The current club was created in 2010 when the city's former club, <a href="/wiki/Valence_Sportif" title="Valence Sportif">Valence Sportif</a>, merged with nearby La Voulte Sportif, from <a href="/wiki/La_Voulte-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="La Voulte-sur-Rhône">La Voulte-sur-Rhône</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a>: The <i>Squash Club de Valence</i> has a team which plays in the championnat de France national 1 with flag-carrier Grégoire Marche, European champion junior and no. 79 world.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stade_Georges_Pompidou" title="Stade Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou Stadium</a> is the main stadium of Valence with a capacity of 14,380 places. It is also the stadium where the athletics competitions take place.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a>: <i>Valence Triathlon</i> has a men's team and a women's team which is in the French second division.</li> <li>Ken Shin Kan is a Japanese sword school which aims to promote and teach the techniques of Japanese sword are: <a href="/wiki/Naginata" title="Naginata">naginata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iaido" title="Iaido">iaido</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sport_chanbara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sport chanbara (page does not exist)">chanbara</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_chanbara" class="extiw" title="fr:Sport chanbara">fr</a>]</span>, and <a href="/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo">kendo</a>. The club has no less than 80 licensees of all disciplines.</li> <li>Valence ACE volleyball Club offers training in youth and adult recreation and competition volleyball. The club has more than 130 licensees.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence_banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Valence_banner.jpg/850px-Valence_banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="850" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Valence_banner.jpg/1275px-Valence_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Valence_banner.jpg/1700px-Valence_banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Valence seen from the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Guilherand-Granges" title="Guilherand-Granges">Guilherand-Granges</a>, in the territory of <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The focal point of major north-south European routes and door to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sillon_Alpin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sillon Alpin (page does not exist)">Sillon Alpin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillon_Alpin" class="extiw" title="fr:Sillon Alpin">fr</a>]</span> for the east-west corridor in the direction of Italy and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, the territory of the Valence agglomeration has developed around innovative companies, offering a higher education, centres of excellence and an economic supply of land.<sup id="cite_ref-Éonomie-Emploi_à_Valence_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Éonomie-Emploi_à_Valence-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of the economy of Valence is favoured by the proximity of cities such as <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and, through transport routes, major European capitals. </p><p>The economic development of Valence can also count on a wealthy producer territory of food processing, hi-tech with the presence of large groups of electronics or aerospace, many innovative SMEs and a university centre of importance of film and knowledge with the presence of major animation studios internationally recognised for the quality of their productions.<sup id="cite_ref-Éonomie-Emploi_à_Valence_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Éonomie-Emploi_à_Valence-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Valence agglomeration by its geographical and strategic position at the crossroads of the main European flows, enjoys exceptional and multimodal infrastructure: The railway marshalling yard, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme (page does not exist)">port of trade of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span>: River services and vessels along the Rhone by the canal from the Rhône to the Mediterranean and by access to the Freycinet northward, access to the A7 motorway and a branch towards the Isère and Italy (A49) a railway siding giving access to Europe-Mediterranean traffic and Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valence is the seat of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme (page does not exist)">Chamber of commerce and industry of the Drôme</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambre_de_commerce_et_d%27industrie_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Chambre de commerce et d'industrie de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span>, which manages the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de l'Épervière (page does not exist)">Port de l'Épervière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Port de l'Épervière">fr</a>]</span>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme (page does not exist)">port of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_fluvial_de_commerce_de_la_Dr%C3%B4me" class="extiw" title="fr:Port fluvial de commerce de la Drôme">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Valence-Chabeuil_Airport" title="Valence-Chabeuil Airport">Valence-Chabeuil Airport</a>. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> in 2005, the percentage of the distribution of the labour force by sector of activity was: </p> <table rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="margin:auto; border:1px solid #999; border-right:2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999; background:#f3fff3;"> <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em">Active population by sectors </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#dfd;"> <th>Agriculture</th> <th>Industry</th> <th>Construction</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Services</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">0.9%</td> <td align="center">17.8%</td> <td align="center">4.8%</td> <td align="center">76.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Food (<a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits" title="List of culinary fruits">fruits</a>, vegetables, wines)</li> <li>Metallurgy</li> <li>Mechanical engineering</li> <li>Electronics / Electronic Banking / Automation</li></ul> <p>The industries of the city include metallurgical products, textiles, leather goods, jewelry and munitions, and it also serves as a processing and trade centre for the surrounding agricultural region. </p><p>Some of the big hi-tech companies settled here are leaders in their domains like <a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales</a> (Former <a href="/wiki/Thomson-CSF" title="Thomson-CSF">Thomson-CSF</a>, electronic systems for avionics and defence), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crouzet_Automatismes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crouzet Automatismes (page does not exist)">Crouzet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider</a> (Automatic systems), <a href="/wiki/SAGEM" title="SAGEM">SAGEM</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent" title="Alcatel-Lucent">Alcatel</a> space (Aerospatial systems)), <a href="/wiki/Ascom_(company)" title="Ascom (company)">Ascom</a> Monetel (Automatic tax payment systems), etc. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Maison_Pic" title="Maison Pic">Maison Pic</a> is a world-renowned three Michelin star restaurant and hotel, established in 1889. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Areas_of_economic_activities">Areas of economic activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Areas of economic activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Special:EditPage/Valence, Drôme">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The commercial area of the Couleures has approximately eighty public brands in the fields of equipment, the home, sport, and the individual. </p><p>The two sectors of Briffaut (east and west), in east Valence, count 320 companies (200 on the sector of Briffaut East including an automotive hub combining various concessions and associated services; and 120 businesses of Briffaut West). </p><p>The technoparks include one hundred companies. </p><p>The plateau of Lautagne, located at the south of the city, brings together 40 technology companies with high added value. An extension of 30 hectares (74 acres) was scheduled the second half of 2008. </p><p>The Auréats zone is the oldest industrial site in Valence, it covers 120 hectares (300 acres) and 180 companies (on the Valence side). </p><p>The Cime activity centre, housed in the former premises of Tézier, gathers 86 service enterprises. The site is currently undergoing conversion work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Businesses_and_shops">Businesses and shops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Businesses and shops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of 2015, 8,183 establishments were installed on the commune of Valence: 71% in the tertiary trade, and 16% of establishments in public administration (school, health, etc.). Industry represents only 4% of establishments in the commune. 92% of its establishments employ less than 10 employees.<sup id="cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dossier-complet-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income_and_taxation_of_the_population">Income and taxation of the population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Income and taxation of the population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The declared taxable average net income was €19,609, in 2009. Only 46% of households were taxed the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dossier-complet-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table align="center" rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right: 2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999; background: #FFFFFF"> <caption style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em">The taxation of households and businesses in Valence in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background: #adcdf1"> <th>Tax</th> <th>Communal</th> <th>Intercommunal</th> <th>Departmental</th> <th>Regional </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxe_d%27habitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxe d'habitation (page does not exist)">Housing Tax</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxe_d%27habitation" class="extiw" title="fr:Taxe d'habitation">fr</a>]</span> (TH)</td> <td align="center">17.55%</td> <td align="center">0.00%</td> <td align="center">7.80%</td> <td align="center">0.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Land_value_tax" title="Land value tax">Land tax on the built-up properties</a> (TFPB)</td> <td align="center">25.17%</td> <td align="center">0.00%</td> <td align="center">11.57%</td> <td align="center">2.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Land tax on the non-built-up properties (TFPNB)</td> <td align="center">49.21%</td> <td align="center">0.00%</td> <td align="center">42.44%</td> <td align="center">5.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotisation_fonci%C3%A8re_des_entreprises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotisation foncière des entreprises (page does not exist)">Property contribution of businesses</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotisation_fonci%C3%A8re_des_entreprises" class="extiw" title="fr:Cotisation foncière des entreprises">fr</a>]</span> (ex-TP)</td> <td align="center">0.00%*</td> <td align="center">24.27%</td> <td align="center">0.00%</td> <td align="center">0.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2017, 45,489 people had a job, of which 90.5% was salaried employment. The rate of unemployment in the city is 18.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dossier-complet-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable center sortable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:left; width:80%;"> <caption>Employment by industry<sup id="cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dossier-complet-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Professional category </th> <th scope="col">Number of jobs </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Agriculture</td> <td align="right">228 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Industry</td> <td align="right">4,810 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Construction</td> <td align="right">2,262 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Trade, transport, services</td> <td align="right">21,281 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row">Public administration, education, health</td> <td align="right">16,229 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_culture_and_heritage">Local culture and heritage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Local culture and heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sites_and_monuments">Sites and monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Sites and monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_monuments_historiques_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des monuments historiques de Valence">fr:Liste des monuments historiques de Valence</a></div> <p>Many monuments of Valence are protected as historical monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these monuments are in the quarter of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux Valence (page does not exist)">Vieux Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieux_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Vieux Valence">fr</a>]</span>. </p><p>The best known of Valence's monuments to its notable inhabitants include those to <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Augier" title="Émile Augier">Émile Augier</a> the dramatist by the duchess of <a href="/wiki/Uz%C3%A8s" title="Uzès">Uzès</a> (1897), and to <a href="/wiki/Jean_%C3%89tienne_Championnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Étienne Championnet">General Championnet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vieux_Valence">Vieux Valence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Vieux Valence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-Pendentif-Cathedrale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Valence-Pendentif-Cathedrale.jpg/200px-Valence-Pendentif-Cathedrale.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Valence-Pendentif-Cathedrale.jpg/300px-Valence-Pendentif-Cathedrale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Valence-Pendentif-Cathedrale.jpg/400px-Valence-Pendentif-Cathedrale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendentif_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendentif de Valence (page does not exist)">Pendentif</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentif_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Pendentif de Valence">fr</a>]</span> and the bell tower of the <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence_cathedrale_2004-08-31_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Valence_cathedrale_2004-08-31_003.jpg/200px-Valence_cathedrale_2004-08-31_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Valence_cathedrale_2004-08-31_003.jpg/300px-Valence_cathedrale_2004-08-31_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Valence_cathedrale_2004-08-31_003.jpg/400px-Valence_cathedrale_2004-08-31_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The side of <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a> from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_des_Clercs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place des Clercs (page does not exist)">Place des Clercs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Clercs" class="extiw" title="fr:Place des Clercs">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-MaisonT%C3%AAtes-facade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Valence-MaisonT%C3%AAtes-facade.jpg/250px-Valence-MaisonT%C3%AAtes-facade.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Valence-MaisonT%C3%AAtes-facade.jpg/330px-Valence-MaisonT%C3%AAtes-facade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Valence-MaisonT%C3%AAtes-facade.jpg/500px-Valence-MaisonT%C3%AAtes-facade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison des Têtes de Valence (page does not exist)">Maison des Têtes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison des Têtes de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, detail of the façade.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-Fontaine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Valence-Fontaine.jpg/250px-Valence-Fontaine.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Valence-Fontaine.jpg/330px-Valence-Fontaine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Valence-Fontaine.jpg/500px-Valence-Fontaine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1891" data-file-height="2917" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fontaine_monumentale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fontaine monumentale (page does not exist)">monumental fountain</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/fontaine_monumentale" class="extiw" title="fr:fontaine monumentale">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89glise_saint_jean_baptiste_de_valence_dr%C3%B4me_france.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%C3%89glise_saint_jean_baptiste_de_valence_dr%C3%B4me_france.JPG/200px-%C3%89glise_saint_jean_baptiste_de_valence_dr%C3%B4me_france.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%C3%89glise_saint_jean_baptiste_de_valence_dr%C3%B4me_france.JPG/300px-%C3%89glise_saint_jean_baptiste_de_valence_dr%C3%B4me_france.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%C3%89glise_saint_jean_baptiste_de_valence_dr%C3%B4me_france.JPG/400px-%C3%89glise_saint_jean_baptiste_de_valence_dr%C3%B4me_france.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="4073" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valence (page does not exist)">Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valence">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieux_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Vieux Valence">fr:Vieux Valence</a></div> <p>Vieux Valence [Old Valence] is a quarter in the old city of Valence, based primarily around the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_des_Clercs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place des Clercs (page does not exist)"><i>Place des Clercs</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Clercs" class="extiw" title="fr:Place des Clercs">fr</a>]</span> and also including the lower town district. It is expected the 19th century so that the city's ramparts, replaced by boulevards in 1860. Valencia then grows in range around its ancient centre. In this area that formerly comprised the historic centre of the city of Valencia, there are: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> cathedral, which was built in the 11th century. It was the Bishop Gontard (1063–1099) who drove construction of this edifice which is now the oldest in the city. Several blocks of stone from the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral were reused from the Gallo-Roman buildings of the city of <i>Valentia</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Cathedral of St. Apollinaris</a>, which has an architecturally notable <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a>, and was consecrated in 1095 by pope <a href="/wiki/Urban_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban II">Urban II</a>. It suffered extensive damage in the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a>, but it was restored in the first decade of the 17th century. The porch and the stone tower above it were rebuilt in 1861. The church contains the monument of <a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a>, who died at Valence in 1799. The library and the museum containing Roman antiquities, sculptures, and a picture gallery are housed in the old ecclesiastical seminary.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison des Têtes de Valence (page does not exist)">Maison des Têtes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_des_T%C3%AAtes_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison des Têtes de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, built between 1528 and 1532 by Antoine de Dorne, Consul in Valence, royal Professor at the University, the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> façade with several heads carved representing the winds, fortune, time and even theology. This House, marking the transition from the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> to the Renaissance style, owes its name to the many heads that adorn its facade. The corridor is decorated with busts of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman emperors</a>. The building has been classified as a historical monument since 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_des_beaux-arts_de_Valence_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée des beaux-arts de Valence (France) (page does not exist)">Museum of Fine Arts of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_beaux-arts_de_Valence_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée des beaux-arts de Valence (France)">fr</a>]</span> is the only museum of its kind in <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>, its collections bring together paintings, drawings, sculptures, decorative arts from the 16th century to the 20th century. Created in 1850 and installed in the former bishopric since 1911, it houses a hundred drawings by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Robert" title="Hubert Robert">Hubert Robert</a> with lots of <a href="/wiki/Sanguine" title="Sanguine">sanguine</a>. The work to expand the museum (which began in 2009) was completed in December 2013. The new layout of the museum consists of 35 rooms, spread over five floors: On the ground floor are archaeological collections which are continued on the fifth and fourth floors, then going back in time, down to the lower levels. The layout permits easy circulation by stairs and elevators, and privileged with natural lighting, opening many views over the city and the Rhône, while highlighting the architecture of the former bishopric. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendentif_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendentif de Valence (page does not exist)">Pendentif de Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentif_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Pendentif de Valence">fr</a>]</span>, a building of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> inspiration, which is probably the funerary monument of Nicolas Mistral, Canon of the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral, seems to have been built in 1548, from a stone engraved with an inscription to that effect. This monument was transformed, after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a>, into a drinking establishment. It was bought by the city of Valence around 1830 and is part of the first monuments registered national <a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">historical monuments</a> inventory after a visit by <a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Prosper Mérimée</a> in Drôme. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_du_Drapier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison du Drapier (page does not exist)">Maison du Drapier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_du_Drapier" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison du Drapier">fr</a>]</span>, a 13th-century house, keeps a medieval aspect despite the restorations of the 19th century. It probably, belonged originally to a rich clothier. The ground floor was devoted to artisanal production and trade, while the floors sheltered the housing of the craftsman. </p><p>The <i>Maison de la Pra</i>, a 15th-century mansion, property of Claude Frère, a rich merchant who was first president of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlement du Dauphiné (page does not exist)">Parlement du Dauphiné</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlement_du_Dauphin%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Parlement du Dauphiné">fr</a>]</span>. The lantern of the staircase stands on the ancient walls between the Tower of the Cathedral and the belfry of Saint John, in the heart of the old town. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_Dupr%C3%A9-Latour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison Dupré-Latour (page does not exist)">Maison Dupré-Latour</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_Dupr%C3%A9-Latour" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison Dupré-Latour">fr</a>]</span>, dating from the 16th century, has a remarkable staircase tower. The <i>Maison Dupré-Latour</i> is a former mansion that was built by the Genas family, traders enriched by the salt trade. In 1760, the building was bought by François Dupré-Latour whose name would remain attached to the building and whose descendants continue to live there. In 1993, the building was transferred to the city and has been classified as an historical monument since 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The moorish house known as <i>Mauresque à Ferlin</i>, after the name of its owner, was built in 1858 and of oriental inspiration. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valence (page does not exist)">Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Valence">fr</a>]</span> (11th century and 12th century) and its 19th-century Romanesque Revival gatehouse. This church of the old town is perched at the highest point of the city, signs of its age. It would be one of the first places of Christian worship then emerging in Valence. </p><p>The temple of the Abbey of Saint-Ruf, former chapel of a Roman priory. The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint-Ruf" title="Order of Saint-Ruf">Order of the Canons Regular of Saint Ruf</a> was born in Avignon, where a small community of clerics became one of the spearheads of the reform of the clergy in the Rhone valley and beyond. The importance acquired by the canons of Saint-Ruf generated tensions with the cathedral chapter, which led to the transfer of the head of order (i.e. the mother abbey) in Valence. </p><p>The <i>église Notre-Dame</i> [Church of Our Lady], located on <i>Rue Berthelot</i>. Built in the mid-nineteenth century, offices there are now led by the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Fraternity_of_St._Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter">Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter</a> according to the extraordinary form of the <a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Roman rite</a>. </p><p>The Italian theatre dates back to 1837. The site is that of the former Saint Mary of the Visitation convent. Initially, the desire was to erect a city hall. After long drawn-out construction decisions, the city took advantage of a windfall from a private initiative for the construction of a theatre. The Italian room was built between 1886 and 1887 by the architect Ange Madona. The domed ceiling is treated in <a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">trompe-l'œil</a>; it recalls the Temple of Arts and depicts four genres (drama, comedy, opera and vaudeville). Completely renovated in the 1990s, the theatre of the city is one of the jewels of the 19th century architecture in Valence. It has 390 seats, a rehearsal room, and a dance studio. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbaye_Notre-Dame_de_Soyons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbaye Notre-Dame de Soyons (page does not exist)">Abbaye Notre-Dame de Soyons</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaye_Notre-Dame_de_Soyons" class="extiw" title="fr:Abbaye Notre-Dame de Soyons">fr</a>]</span> is a former abbey of Benedictine women which was founded in 1632 by the transfer of the Abbey of St. John the Evangelist, from the village of <a href="/wiki/Soyons" title="Soyons">Soyons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>) as a result of the Wars of Religion. It was registered as an historical monument from 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city hall, located on the <i>Place de la Liberté</i> in the heart of the city centre, was inaugurated in 1894. Its architecture is special, because it has a <a href="/wiki/Belfry" title="Belfry">belfry</a>, a secular steeple symbolising the independence of the city against the Catholic Church, a classical facade and a roof of tiles of different colors. It hosts the activities of the town hall, with the offices of the mayor, city council and administrative services. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_du_patrimoine_arm%C3%A9nien_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre du patrimoine arménien de Valence (page does not exist)">Armenian heritage centre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_du_patrimoine_arm%C3%A9nien_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Centre du patrimoine arménien de Valence">fr</a>]</span> is a place of history and memory that addresses the original news around major themes: Migration, the memory of conflicts and the history of peoples and cultures. Indeed, Valence has one of the largest Armenian communities in France. The Armenian heritage centre is installed in the former Faculty of Law at the heart of the pedestrian centre of Valence, close to the historic Valence quarter of Armenian origin (concentrated around the <i>Rue Bouffier</i>, <i>Rue Armenia</i> and <i>Rue Belle Image</i>). </p><p>The <i>ancienne préfecture</i>, near the <i>Place Saint-Jean</i>, where remains only the monumental entrance gate. The rest was destroyed in a bombing raid during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> on 15 August 1944. It has been at this place since the end of the 18th century. Previously, at the abbatial palace of Saint-Ruf. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place_des_Clercs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place des Clercs (page does not exist)">Place des Clercs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_des_Clercs" class="extiw" title="fr:Place des Clercs">fr</a>]</span> is lined by colorful facades. It is from the 5th century, when the episcopal district was created, that the Place des Clercs began to gain importance. Shops settled, markets took place and did justice. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> there were two churches: The cathedral from the 11th century and Notre-Dame de la Ronde which was older (a remaining column is currently in the public toilets). The Wars of Religion significantly deteriorated these buildings. </p><p>The "côtes", picturesque mounts of the upper town. There are traces of the walls at the top of the Côte Sainte-Ursule and at the bottom of Côte Sylvante; they served to protect the city from invasions, epidemics or flooding caused by the Rhône. They were widely used in medieval times by the people (boatmen, carters, mule, etc.) who used these stairs to go to the small streets and squares of the upper town. The Côte Sainte-Ursule meanwhile was less used; it separated the properties of two monasteries. It is set at the location of the Roman theatre and probably served as an exit. One may also include the Côtes Saint-Martin, Saint-Estève, des Chapeliers and la Voûte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_city">In the city</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: In the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiosque_2004-09-18_009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kiosque_2004-09-18_009.jpg/220px-Kiosque_2004-09-18_009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kiosque_2004-09-18_009.jpg/330px-Kiosque_2004-09-18_009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Kiosque_2004-09-18_009.jpg/440px-Kiosque_2004-09-18_009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiosque_Peynet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiosque Peynet (page does not exist)">Kiosque Peynet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosque_Peynet" class="extiw" title="fr:Kiosque Peynet">fr</a>]</span> on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span>, with the tower of the <a href="/wiki/Valence_Cathedral" title="Valence Cathedral">Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</a> in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>The "Boulevards de Valence", a wide promenade, traced on the former location of the ramparts and tree-lined with <a href="/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Hausmannian</a>-style buildings, which had a renovation from 2004 to 2009. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bandstand" title="Bandstand">bandstand</a> built in 1860 on the esplanade of the Champ de Mars served as the model the designer <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Peynet" title="Raymond Peynet">Raymond Peynet</a> to immortalize his love, and which carries the name of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiosque_Peynet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiosque Peynet (page does not exist)">Peynet kiosk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosque_Peynet" class="extiw" title="fr:Kiosque Peynet">fr</a>]</span>. It is classified a historical monument since 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fontaine_monumentale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fontaine monumentale (page does not exist)">monumental fountain</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontaine_monumentale" class="extiw" title="fr:Fontaine monumentale">fr</a>]</span>, designed by the architect Eugène Poitoux and dating from 1887, is located in the city centre, on the boulevards. In 2005, the fountain was renovated and moved a few metres, in order to better integrate into the perspective of the renovated boulevards and in 2006, a copy of the winged genius, which was destroyed in 1954 by lightning which struck the column, was replaced at the top of the column. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Jouvet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Jouvet (page does not exist)">Jouvet Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Jouvet" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Jouvet">fr</a>]</span>, a public garden of 7 hectares (17 acres) created in 1905, and opened by president <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a>, bears the name of Théodore Jouvet, donor of the land, and includes more than 700 trees of various species. This park also has a pet shop, a small train, and a rose garden. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Valence-Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Valence-Ville">Valence-Ville</a> station, has a façade which was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a> at Versailles. The passenger building of today, which was commissioned in April 1866, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Bouchot" title="Louis-Jules Bouchot">Louis-Jules Bouchot</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pourpardin_2008_59–71_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pourpardin_2008_59–71-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> architect of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. The main façade on the <i>Rue du Pavillon Central</i> has been registered as an <a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">historic monument</a> since 11 October 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-mergare_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mergare-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The esplanade of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span>, which before the conversion work of 2001 was a car park dotted with plane trees, is today a wide tree-lined esplanade, where one can see beyond the Rhône to the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Château de Crussol</a>, at the forefront of the Ardèche mountains. </p><p>The Philolaus water tower (first studies of the sculptor in 1963), built between 1969 and 1971, is located in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Jean-Perdrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Jean-Perdrix (page does not exist)">Jean-Perdrix Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Jean-Perdrix" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Jean-Perdrix">fr</a>]</span>, between the quarters of le Plan and Fontbarlettes, east of the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It consists of two twisted towers with high clean lines, 52 metres (171 ft) and 57 metres (187 ft) high, which combine functionality and artistic research. In 1981, he received the "prix du quartier de l'Horloge" [prize of the quarter of the clock] for the best work of urban art in the 1970s. The water tower sculpture was distinguished by the label "20th century" in 2003 and was the subject of a stamp in 2013.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Championnet_2004-08-15_027.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Championnet on the Champ de Mars [fr]"><img alt="Statue of Championnet on the Champ de Mars [fr]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Championnet_2004-08-15_027.jpg/135px-Championnet_2004-08-15_027.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Championnet_2004-08-15_027.jpg/202px-Championnet_2004-08-15_027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Championnet_2004-08-15_027.jpg/270px-Championnet_2004-08-15_027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of <a href="/wiki/Championnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Championnet">Championnet</a> on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MaisonDrapier-Valence.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Maison du Drapier [fr]"><img alt="The Maison du Drapier [fr]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/MaisonDrapier-Valence.jpg/120px-MaisonDrapier-Valence.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/MaisonDrapier-Valence.jpg/250px-MaisonDrapier-Valence.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="3360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_du_Drapier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison du Drapier (page does not exist)">Maison du Drapier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_du_Drapier" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison du Drapier">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-c%C3%B4te.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A "côte" of Valence, on leaving the place de la Pierre (Basse ville)"><img alt="A "côte" of Valence, on leaving the place de la Pierre (Basse ville)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valence-c%C3%B4te.jpg/124px-Valence-c%C3%B4te.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valence-c%C3%B4te.jpg/186px-Valence-c%C3%B4te.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Valence-c%C3%B4te.jpg/248px-Valence-c%C3%B4te.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1926" data-file-height="2791" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A "côte" of Valence, on leaving the <i>place de la Pierre</i> (Basse ville)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-cote3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The côte Saint-Martin. In the distance, the ruins of the Château de Crussol (Ardèche)"><img alt="The côte Saint-Martin. In the distance, the ruins of the Château de Crussol (Ardèche)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Valence-cote3.jpg/120px-Valence-cote3.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Valence-cote3.jpg/180px-Valence-cote3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Valence-cote3.jpg/240px-Valence-cote3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="2840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The côte Saint-Martin. In the distance, the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Château de Crussol</a> (Ardèche)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-cote2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairs of the côte Saint-Martin"><img alt="Stairs of the côte Saint-Martin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Valence-cote2.jpg/270px-Valence-cote2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Valence-cote2.jpg/405px-Valence-cote2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Valence-cote2.jpg/540px-Valence-cote2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="1764" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairs of the côte Saint-Martin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_porte_sylvante.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sylvante gate"><img alt="The Sylvante gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/La_porte_sylvante.JPG/120px-La_porte_sylvante.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/La_porte_sylvante.JPG/250px-La_porte_sylvante.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Sylvante gate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haut_de_la_c%C3%B4te_sylvante.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The top of the côte Sylvante."><img alt="The top of the côte Sylvante." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Haut_de_la_c%C3%B4te_sylvante.JPG/120px-Haut_de_la_c%C3%B4te_sylvante.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Haut_de_la_c%C3%B4te_sylvante.JPG/250px-Haut_de_la_c%C3%B4te_sylvante.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The top of the côte Sylvante.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B4te_sous_la_cath%C3%A9drale.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Côte Saint-Estève under the cathedral"><img alt="Côte Saint-Estève under the cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/C%C3%B4te_sous_la_cath%C3%A9drale.JPG/269px-C%C3%B4te_sous_la_cath%C3%A9drale.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/C%C3%B4te_sous_la_cath%C3%A9drale.JPG/404px-C%C3%B4te_sous_la_cath%C3%A9drale.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/C%C3%B4te_sous_la_cath%C3%A9drale.JPG/538px-C%C3%B4te_sous_la_cath%C3%A9drale.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3672" data-file-height="2456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Côte Saint-Estève under the cathedral</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Valence_channels">The Valence channels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: The Valence channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A unique ecological and <a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage">natural heritage</a> in France, channels accompany Valence since <a href="/wiki/Roman_times" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman times">Roman times</a>. The name of Valence comes from three Celtic words: "val" (water), "len" (plain) and "ty" (House) and would mean "water-rich inhabited place".<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time these rivers allowed the inhabitants to satisfy many needs and activities: Fishing, irrigation, washing, soaking, driving force for flour mills, oil, fuller and silk.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are now a place to walk for many inhabitants. </p><p>It is in the neighborhoods east of Valence, at the foot of a terrace, the <i>terrasse du séminaire</i>, that the channels (with a total length of 17 kilometres (11 mi), or 40 kilometres (25 mi) when counting secondary irrigation channels) originate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Very quickly, the Valence people strove to channel these waters forming unhealthy marshes. In the 13th century, the regulation and the use of the channels was the privilege of the monasteries of Saint-Ruf and Saint-Victor, who decided the location of the mills.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Indeed, the water used for irrigation, drinking water and washhouses, was also a valuable source of energy for the economic development of the era. The main (<i>Charran</i>, <i>Thon</i>, <i>Moulins</i> and <i>Malcontents</i>) cross the city from east to west before joining to form the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re_(river)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Épervière (river) (page does not exist)">Canal de l'Épervière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re_(rivi%C3%A8re)" class="extiw" title="fr:Épervière (rivière)">fr</a>]</span> which then flows into the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a>. In the 19th century, the channels lost their significance and would even be a little forgotten, hidden by urbanisation, high-rise buildings and roads.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In recent years, the municipality has undertaken a development work of paths, bordered by poplars and willows, along these channels. Green routes have been signposted along the canals of <i>des Malcontents</i>, <i>de la Grande Marquise</i>, <i>de Thibert</i>, <i> du Charran</i> and <i>de Californie</i>. Channels which still continue to water gardens.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The municipality also wants to promote gentle travel along the banks of the channels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_green_spaces">Parks and green spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Parks and green spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parc_Jouvet_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Parc_Jouvet_%281%29.JPG/250px-Parc_Jouvet_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Parc_Jouvet_%281%29.JPG/330px-Parc_Jouvet_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Parc_Jouvet_%281%29.JPG/500px-Parc_Jouvet_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Jouvet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Jouvet (page does not exist)">Jouvet Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/parc_Jouvet" class="extiw" title="fr:parc Jouvet">fr</a>]</span> and its fountain, on the side of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Located in the city centre between <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux Valence (page does not exist)">Vieux Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieux_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Vieux Valence">fr</a>]</span> and the Lycée Emile Loubet, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span> esplanade is a large walk of 3 hectares (7.4 acres) planted with <a href="/wiki/Lime_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime trees">lime trees</a>, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiosque_Peynet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiosque Peynet (page does not exist)">Peynet kiosk</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosque_Peynet" class="extiw" title="fr:Kiosque Peynet">fr</a>]</span> in its centre.<sup id="cite_ref-ed116-26_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed116-26-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under this terrace lies the city garden or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Jouvet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Jouvet (page does not exist)">Jouvet Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Jouvet" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Jouvet">fr</a>]</span>. It bears the name of Théodore Jouvet, a generous donor who gave, to the city of Valence, the amount required for the purchase of the land and whose statue is placed near the <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_(structure)" title="Belvedere (structure)">belvedere</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a>. This garden occupies the slopes which connect the lower town and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span>. It is crossed by small streams and adorned with statues. The central park, it is also one of the most important monumental and civic ensembles of Valence: The <a href="/wiki/War_memorial" title="War memorial">monument to the dead</a> of the Valence commune, obelisk-shaped, was built after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-ed116-27_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed116-27-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the general <a href="/wiki/Championnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Championnet">Championnet</a>, a native son, also had his statue here, which was removed in May 1944 and hidden, to prevent it from being melted by the <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">occupying Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ed116-27_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed116-27-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meeting of physician Gilbert Dreyfuse with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a>, his contact in the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Resistance</a>, was told by the poet after war in a small article, published in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-ed116_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed116-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Covering an area of 26 hectares (64 acres), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Jean-Perdrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Jean-Perdrix (page does not exist)">Jean-Perdrix Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Jean-Perdrix" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Jean-Perdrix">fr</a>]</span> is the largest in the city. It lies in the quarter of Fontbarlettes. The park has many trees, including 400 cedars near a natural space in the shape of an <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>. This park of Valence offers a fitness trail, playgrounds for children, and a wide body of water on which is reflected the two futuristic water towers. Built between 1969 and 1971 by the Greek sculptor <a href="/wiki/Philolaos_(sculptor)" title="Philolaos (sculptor)">Philolaus</a> at the initiative of the urban architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Gomis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Gomis (page does not exist)">André Gomis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gomis" class="extiw" title="fr:André Gomis">fr</a>]</span>, the water tower is a sculpture-architecture labelled <a href="/w/index.php?title=Label_%22_Patrimoine_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle_%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Label " Patrimoine du XXe siècle " (page does not exist)">"heritage of the 20th century"</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_%22_Patrimoine_du_XXe_si%C3%A8cle_%22" class="extiw" title="fr:Label " Patrimoine du XXe siècle "">fr</a>]</span> and consists of two twisted towers, the tallest measuring 57 metres (187 ft) high. </p><p>The Saint-Ruf Park is the park of the former prefecture and is located in Vieux Valence. It offers views of <a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">ruins of Crussol</a>. It connects the historic centre to the old town. It was on this hillside, which is particularly well sited for sunset, that the Free Commune of Saint-Jean planted its vineyards. At the entrance to the park is the portal of the abbatial palace of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbaye_Saint-Ruf_de_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbaye Saint-Ruf de Valence (page does not exist)">Abbey of Saint-Ruf</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbaye_Saint-Ruf_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Abbaye Saint-Ruf de Valence">fr</a>]</span>. </p><p>Located in the quarter of Valensolles, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Marcel-Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Marcel-Paul (page does not exist)">Marcel-Paul Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Marcel-Paul" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Marcel-Paul">fr</a>]</span> is a landscaped park of 3.7 hectares (9.1 acres)<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which channels a country stream, from a natural source. It features lawns which are accessible to all, a children's playground and a space for bowling. </p><p>Not far lies the Recreation Park of l'Épervière. In addition to its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de l'Épervière (page does not exist)">marina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Port de l'Épervière">fr</a>]</span>, this park includes a body of water of 32,000 square metres (340,000 sq ft), protected by a 400 metres (1,300 ft) long breakwater. In its leisure and relaxation area, the park contains restaurants, a campsite, a hotel, a swimming pool, a tennis court, billiards, bowling, walks, and offers river cruises.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public green areas of Valence total 230 hectares (570 acres)<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (more than 10% of the area of the commune). The city's main parks are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Perdrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Perdrix (page does not exist)">Jean-Perdrix Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Jean-Perdrix" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Jean-Perdrix">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Jouvet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Jouvet (page does not exist)">Jouvet Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Jouvet" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Jouvet">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>Benjamin-Delessert Park</li> <li>The Recreation Park of l'Épervière</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Marcel-Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Marcel-Paul (page does not exist)">Marcel-Paul Park</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Marcel-Paul" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Marcel-Paul">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>Park of the Trinitaires</li> <li>Park of the Polygone</li> <li>Itchevan Park</li> <li>Châteauvert Park</li> <li>Saint-Ruf Park</li></ul> <p>In 2014, the municipality of Valence has the label "flowery city" with "4 flowers" awarded by the National Council of flowery cities and villages of France to the <a href="/wiki/Concours_des_villes_et_villages_fleuris" title="Concours des villes et villages fleuris">competition of flowery cities and villages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vilfleur2014_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vilfleur2014-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:right; margin-right:20px"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragees.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dragées de Valence"><img alt="Dragées de Valence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dragees.jpg/120px-Dragees.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Dragees.jpg/250px-Dragees.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dragées de Valence</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suisse_biscuit.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Suisse [fr]"><img alt="The Suisse [fr]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Suisse_biscuit.JPG/120px-Suisse_biscuit.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Suisse_biscuit.JPG/250px-Suisse_biscuit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suisse_(biscuit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suisse (biscuit) (page does not exist)">Suisse</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suisse_(biscuit)" class="extiw" title="fr:Suisse (biscuit)">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> </ul> </div> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suisse_(biscuit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suisse (biscuit) (page does not exist)">Suisse</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suisse_(biscuit)" class="extiw" title="fr:Suisse (biscuit)">fr</a>]</span>, a Valence specialty, is a <a href="/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry" title="Shortcrust pastry">shortcrust pastry</a> biscuit shaped as a man. Sometimes improperly referred to as "Puppet", the Suisse of Valence is flavoured with <a href="/wiki/Orange_blossom" title="Orange blossom">orange blossom</a>, it contains powder almond and small pieces of candied orange peel. The name, shape and decoration of this biscuit are inspired by the uniform of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard#Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guards</a> of Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a> who died in Valence. The Suisse is traditionally eaten during the Easter holidays and particularly during the festival of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a>.</li> <li>The Dragée de Valence is a confection of praline or of chocolate coated in sugar made in the purest tradition, to celebrate the solemn events of life such as baptisms, communions and weddings. The materials used are graded and regular <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a> coming mainly from France (Ferraduelle), but also of Spain (Longuette, Planeta) or Sicily (Avola). These varieties are the only ones which allow the obtainment of a very pleasing dragée.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The fruits which are commonly found in the Valence region include <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, apples, pears, <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">figs</a> and many red fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Cherries" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherries">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackberries">blackberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasus" title="Prunus cerasus">wild cherries</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raspberries" class="mw-redirect" title="Raspberries">raspberries</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garrison_town">Garrison town</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Garrison town"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since installation in 1773 an artillery regiment, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Artillery_Regiment_(France)" title="1st Artillery Regiment (France)">Regiment of la Fère</a>, Valence was the place of confinement of numerous military units. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=75th_Infantry_Regiment_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="75th Infantry Regiment (France) (page does not exist)">75th Infantry Regiment</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/75e_r%C3%A9giment_d%27infanterie" class="extiw" title="fr:75e régiment d'infanterie">fr</a>]</span> long occupied the Bacquet barracks</li> <li>1852–1873, a <a href="/wiki/School_of_Applied_Artillery_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Applied Artillery (France)">school of artillery</a>, installed by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Bonaparte</a> under the <a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a> and then abolished in 1828, since restored.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Artillery_Regiment_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Artillery Regiment (France) (page does not exist)">6th Field Artillery Regiment</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/6e_r%C3%A9giment_d%27artillerie_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:6e régiment d'artillerie (France)">fr</a>]</span>, 1906–1914, was stationed in the Chareton barracks which was destroyed during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</li> <li>In 1948, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=404th_Anti-Aircraft_Artillery_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="404th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment (page does not exist)">404th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/404e_r%C3%A9giment_d%27artillerie_anti-a%C3%A9rienne" class="extiw" title="fr:404e régiment d'artillerie anti-aérienne">fr</a>]</span> moved to the La Tour-Maubourg Quarter, and then, in 1951, <a href="/w/index.php?title=477th_Light_Anti-Aircraft_Artillery_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="477th Light Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group (page does not exist)">477th Light Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/477e_groupe_d%27artillerie_antia%C3%A9rienne_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:477e groupe d'artillerie antiaérienne légère">fr</a>]</span> Bacquet barracks. In 1955, the 477th GAAL was attached to the 404th RAA, which was dissolved in 1964.</li> <li>10th and 12th batteries of 155 of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Field_Artillery_Regiment_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Field Artillery Regiment (France) (page does not exist)">2nd Field Artillery Regiment</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2e_r%C3%A9giment_d%27artillerie_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:2e régiment d'artillerie (France)">fr</a>]</span>, 1914</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=184th_Towed_Heavy_Artillery_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="184th Towed Heavy Artillery Regiment (page does not exist)">184th Towed Heavy Artillery Regiment</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/184e_r%C3%A9giment_d%27artillerie_lourde_tract%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:184e régiment d'artillerie lourde tractée">fr</a>]</span>, 1939–1940</li> <li>In 1879, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Cavalry_Regiment_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Cavalry Regiment (France) (page does not exist)">5th Cavalry Regiment</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/5e_R%C3%A9giment_de_chasseurs_%C3%A0_cheval" class="extiw" title="fr:5e Régiment de chasseurs à cheval">fr</a>]</span> settled in the newly built barracks, on the <i>Avenue de Romans</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Parachute_Hussar_Regiment" title="1st Parachute Hussar Regiment">1st Parachute Hussar Regiment</a>, 1906</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=504th_Tank_Regiment_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="504th Tank Regiment (France) (page does not exist)">504th Tank Regiment</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/504e_r%C3%A9giment_de_chars_de_combat" class="extiw" title="fr:504e régiment de chars de combat">fr</a>]</span>, 1939–1940</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Tank_Battalion_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Tank Battalion (France) (page does not exist)">10th Tank Battalion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/10e_bataillon_de_chars_de_combat" class="extiw" title="fr:10e bataillon de chars de combat">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Tank_Battalion_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Tank Battalion (France) (page does not exist)">11th Tank Battalion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/11e_bataillon_de_chars_de_combat" class="extiw" title="fr:11e bataillon de chars de combat">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=12th_Tank_Battalion_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12th Tank Battalion (France) (page does not exist)">12th Tank Battalion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_bataillon_de_chars_de_combat" class="extiw" title="fr:12e bataillon de chars de combat">fr</a>]</span></li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Since 1984, the <a href="/wiki/1st_Spahi_Regiment" title="1st Spahi Regiment">1st Spahi Regiment</a> has been installed at the barracks of the Bacquet Quarter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Valence is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Asti</a>, Italy (1966)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Batroun</a>, Lebanon (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Riss" class="mw-redirect" title="Biberach an der Riss">Biberach an der Riss</a>, Germany (1967)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gedera" title="Gedera">Gedera</a>, Israel (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ijevan" title="Ijevan">Ijevan</a>, Armenia (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pushkin,_Saint_Petersburg" title="Pushkin, Saint Petersburg">Pushkin</a>, Russia (2017)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tendring_District" title="Tendring District">Tendring</a>, England, United Kingdom (1969)</li></ul> </div> <p>In addition, Valence has a friendship declaration with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh"><img alt="Republic of Artsakh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/60px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stepanakert" title="Stepanakert">Stepanakert</a>, Republic of Artsakh (2015) <sup id="cite_ref-nkr.am_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nkr.am-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felix,_Fortunatus,_and_Achilleus" title="Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus">Saint Félix</a> (?–212), priest, founder of the first Church of Valence, martyred here. A primary school in downtown bears his name.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Joubert" title="Laurent Joubert">Laurent Joubert</a> (1520–1583), physician to King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cujas" title="Jacques Cujas">Jacques Cujas</a> (1522–1590), Professor at the University of Valence in 1557–1559 and 1567–1575</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthazar_Baro" title="Balthazar Baro">Balthazar Baro</a> (1596–1650), poet and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Mandrin" title="Louis Mandrin">Louis Mandrin</a> (1725–1755), smuggler, died here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Denis_de_Montlovier" title="Jean-Denis de Montlovier">Jean-Denis de Montlovier</a> (1733–1804), lawyer and man of letters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Choderlos_de_Laclos" title="Pierre Choderlos de Laclos">Pierre Choderlos de Laclos</a> (1741–1803), novelist, official and army general, established an artillery school here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Camille_Taponier" title="Alexandre Camille Taponier">Alexandre Camille Taponier</a> (1749–1831), general of division</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> (1769–1821), military and political leader, served here in the youth in the <a href="/wiki/1st_Artillery_Regiment_(France)" title="1st Artillery Regiment (France)">La Fère Artillery Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a> (1717–1799), Pope, died here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Championnet" title="Jean-Étienne Championnet">Jean-Étienne Championnet</a> (1762–1800), general, his statue by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Sappey" title="Victor Sappey">Victor Sappey</a> stands on the Champ de Mars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre,_Count_of_Montalivet" title="Jean-Pierre, Count of Montalivet">Jean-Pierre Bachasson</a> (1766–1823), Count of Montalivet, peer of France and statesman, Minister of the Interior of Napoleon and mayor of Valence. His statue stands on the <i>Place Montalivet</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Farre" title="Jean-Joseph Farre">Jean-Joseph Farre</a> (1816–1887), general and Minister of War</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Bancel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François-Désiré Bancel (page does not exist)">François-Désiré Bancel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Bancel" class="extiw" title="fr:François-Désiré Bancel">fr</a>]</span> (1822–1871), politician, a boulevard of the city is named after him and his statue is installed in front of the station</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gallet" title="Louis Gallet">Louis Gallet</a> (1835–1898), poet, novelist and librettist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Cardonnel" title="Louis Le Cardonnel">Louis Le Cardonnel</a> (1862–1936), priest and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Nadi" title="Jules Nadi">Jules Nadi</a> (1872–1928), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Alphonse_Higonnet" title="René Alphonse Higonnet">René Alphonse Higonnet</a> (1902–1983), engineer and co-inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">phototypesetting</a> process</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul-Jacques_Bonzon" title="Paul-Jacques Bonzon">Paul-Jacques Bonzon</a> (1908–1978), writer, died here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Paul Ricœur</a> (1913–2005), philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Langeais" title="Catherine Langeais">Catherine Langeais</a> (1923–1998), television presenter and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Aryan" title="Marc Aryan">Marc Aryan</a> (1926–1985), French-Belgian singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Lamy" title="Jean-Claude Lamy">Jean-Claude Lamy</a> (born 1941), writer and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Nicollin" title="Louis Nicollin">Louis Nicollin</a> (1943–2017), entrepreneur and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Montpellier_HSC" title="Montpellier HSC">Montpellier HSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tardi" title="Jacques Tardi">Jacques Tardi</a> (born 1946), comics artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Robert" title="Alain Robert">Alain Robert</a> (born 1962), urban climber, grew up here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Boisset" title="Éric Boisset">Éric Boisset</a> (born 1965), children writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne-Sophie_Pic" title="Anne-Sophie Pic">Anne-Sophie Pic</a> (born 1969), master chef, 3 Michelin stars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pi%C3%A8ge" title="Jean-François Piège">Jean-François Piège</a> (born 1970), master chef, 2 Michelin stars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Gille" title="Guillaume Gille">Guillaume Gille</a> (born 1976), handballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pascal_Yao" title="Jean-Pascal Yao">Jean-Pascal Yao</a> (born 1977), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Chabal" title="Sébastien Chabal">Sébastien Chabal</a> (born 1977), rugby union player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Gille_(handballer)" title="Bertrand Gille (handballer)">Bertrand Gille</a> (born 1978), handballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florent_Peyre" title="Florent Peyre">Florent Peyre</a> (born 1980), comedian and humorist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Bonnafond" title="Guillaume Bonnafond">Guillaume Bonnafond</a> (born 1987), cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Domont" title="Axel Domont">Axel Domont</a> (born 1990), cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysos_(French_band)" title="Dionysos (French band)">Dionysos</a> (formed 1993), rock band</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valence_and_its_kiosque">Valence and its kiosque</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Valence and its kiosque"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiosque_Peyet_Brassac-les-Mines.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Kiosque_Peyet_Brassac-les-Mines.JPG/250px-Kiosque_Peyet_Brassac-les-Mines.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Kiosque_Peyet_Brassac-les-Mines.JPG/330px-Kiosque_Peyet_Brassac-les-Mines.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Kiosque_Peyet_Brassac-les-Mines.JPG/500px-Kiosque_Peyet_Brassac-les-Mines.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>The kiosque Peynet of <a href="/wiki/Brassac-les-Mines" title="Brassac-les-Mines">Brassac-les-Mines</a>, smaller than its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiosque_Peynet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiosque Peynet (page does not exist)">Valence counterpart</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosque_Peynet" class="extiw" title="fr:Kiosque Peynet">fr</a>]</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_historic_monuments_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of historic monuments of Valence (page does not exist)">historical monument</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_monuments_historiques_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des monuments historiques de Valence">fr</a>]</span> since 1982 and designed by the architect Eugène Poitoux, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiosque_Peynet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiosque Peynet (page does not exist)">Kiosque Peynet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosque_Peynet" class="extiw" title="fr:Kiosque Peynet">fr</a>]</span> is a bandstand which inspired <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Peynet" title="Raymond Peynet">Raymond Peynet</a> in 1942 with his famous "lovers". These "lovers" would travel the world and adorn many objects. Raymond Peynet worked on that momentum for many newspapers. After becoming famous, Peynet returned to Valence in April 1966, to baptise the kiosk which now bears his name. </p><p>The lovers of Peynet inspired the song <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Vent_(album)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Vent (album) (page does not exist)"><i>Les amoureux des bancs publics</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Vent_(album)" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Vent (album)">fr</a>]</span> of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Brassens" title="Georges Brassens">Georges Brassens</a>. They were broken down into stamps in 1985 in France, <a href="/wiki/Cancellation_(mail)" title="Cancellation (mail)">cancelled</a> by the post office of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Valentin" title="Saint-Valentin">Saint-Valentin</a> in Indre, each on 14 February, in <a href="/wiki/Postcards" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcards">postcards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doll" title="Doll">dolls</a>, in books, on medals, in statues (such as the one in <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> in Japan).<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The little couple is sought by collectors around the world. Japan has two Peynet museums (<a href="/wiki/Karuizawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Karuizawa">Karuizawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakut%C5%8D,_Okayama" title="Sakutō, Okayama">Sakuto</a>), while in Hiroshima, a statue of the Lovers faces the <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial" title="Hiroshima Peace Memorial">memorial of the atomic bombing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a kiosque and a museum dedicated to the artist in the small commune of <a href="/wiki/Brassac-les-Mines" title="Brassac-les-Mines">Brassac-les-Mines</a>. Isabelle Bard, the mother of Peynet, was born in <a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valence_in_film">Valence in film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Valence in film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list covers films which were fully or partially shot in Valence. </p> <ul><li>1968: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Cracks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Cracks (page does not exist)"><i>Les Cracks</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Cracks" class="extiw" title="fr:Les Cracks">fr</a>]</span> directed by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Joff%C3%A9" title="Alex Joffé">Alex Joffé</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Bourvil" title="Bourvil">Bourvil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hirsch_(actor)" title="Robert Hirsch (actor)">Robert Hirsch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monique_Tarb%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monique Tarbès (page does not exist)">Monique Tarbès</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monique_Tarb%C3%A8s" class="extiw" title="fr:Monique Tarbès">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_R%C3%A9" title="Michel de Ré">Michel de Ré</a>.</li> <li>1974: <i><a href="/wiki/Going_Places_(1974_film)" title="Going Places (1974 film)">Going Places</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a>, with <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dewaere" title="Patrick Dewaere">Patrick Dewaere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miou-Miou" title="Miou-Miou">Miou-Miou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a>.</li> <li>1992: <i><a href="/wiki/Riens_du_tout" title="Riens du tout">Riens du tout</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9dric_Klapisch" title="Cédric Klapisch">Cédric Klapisch</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Fabrice_Luchini" title="Fabrice Luchini">Fabrice Luchini</a>, Daniel Berlioux, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Berman_(actor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Berman (actor) (page does not exist)">Marc Berman</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Berman" class="extiw" title="fr:Marc Berman">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Broche" title="Olivier Broche">Olivier Broche</a>.</li> <li>1994: <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Braqueuses" title="Les Braqueuses">Les Braqueuses</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Salom%C3%A9" title="Jean-Paul Salomé">Jean-Paul Salomé</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Jacob_(actress)" title="Catherine Jacob (actress)">Catherine Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9mentine_C%C3%A9lari%C3%A9" title="Clémentine Célarié">Clémentine Célarié</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_Kazan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandra Kazan (page does not exist)">Alexandra Kazan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Kazan" class="extiw" title="fr:Alexandra Kazan">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanou_Garcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanou Garcia (page does not exist)">Nanou Garcia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanou_Garcia" class="extiw" title="fr:Nanou Garcia">fr</a>]</span>.</li> <li>1996: <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Grands_Ducs" title="Les Grands Ducs">Les Grands Ducs</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Leconte" title="Patrice Leconte">Patrice Leconte</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Marielle" title="Jean-Pierre Marielle">Jean-Pierre Marielle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Noiret" title="Philippe Noiret">Philippe Noiret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rochefort" title="Jean Rochefort">Jean Rochefort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Blanc" title="Michel Blanc">Michel Blanc</a>.</li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Une_femme_d%27ext%C3%A9rieur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Une femme d'extérieur (page does not exist)"><i>Une femme d'extérieur</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Une_femme_d%27ext%C3%A9rieur" class="extiw" title="fr:Une femme d'extérieur">fr</a>]</span> directed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christophe_Blanc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christophe Blanc (page does not exist)">Christophe Blanc</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Blanc" class="extiw" title="fr:Christophe Blanc">fr</a>]</span>, with <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Jaoui" title="Agnès Jaoui">Agnès Jaoui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serge_Riaboukine" title="Serge Riaboukine">Serge Riaboukine</a>.</li> <li>2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Du_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9_des_filles_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Du côté des filles (film) (page does not exist)"><i>Du côté des filles</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9_des_filles_(film)" class="extiw" title="fr:Du côté des filles (film)">fr</a>]</span> directed by Françoise Decaux-Thomele, with <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9mentine_C%C3%A9lari%C3%A9" title="Clémentine Célarié">Clémentine Célarié</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Guillemin" title="Sophie Guillemin">Sophie Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Mouchet" title="Catherine Mouchet">Catherine Mouchet</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Scob" title="Édith Scob">Édith Scob</a>.</li> <li>2005: <i><a href="/wiki/Je_vous_trouve_tr%C3%A8s_beau" class="mw-redirect" title="Je vous trouve très beau">Je vous trouve très beau</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Mergault" title="Isabelle Mergault">Isabelle Mergault</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Michel_Blanc" title="Michel Blanc">Michel Blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medeea_Marinescu" title="Medeea Marinescu">Medeea Marinescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Yordanoff" title="Wladimir Yordanoff">Wladimir Yordanoff</a>.</li> <li>2008: <i><a href="/wiki/Passe-passe" title="Passe-passe">Passe-passe</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Tonie_Marshall" title="Tonie Marshall">Tonie Marshall</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Baye" title="Nathalie Baye">Nathalie Baye</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Baer" title="Édouard Baer">Édouard Baer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Marchand" title="Guy Marchand">Guy Marchand</a>.</li> <li>2009: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dans_tes_bras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dans tes bras (page does not exist)"><i>Dans tes bras</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans_tes_bras_(film,_2009)" class="extiw" title="fr:Dans tes bras (film, 2009)">fr</a>]</span> directed by Hubert Gillet, with <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Laroque" title="Michèle Laroque">Michèle Laroque</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Loizillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Loizillon (page does not exist)">Martin Loizillon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Loizillon" class="extiw" title="fr:Martin Loizillon">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Mouchet" title="Catherine Mouchet">Catherine Mouchet</a>.</li> <li>2011: <i><a href="/wiki/All_Our_Desires" title="All Our Desires">All Our Desires</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lioret" title="Philippe Lioret">Philippe Lioret</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lindon" title="Vincent Lindon">Vincent Lindon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Gillain" title="Marie Gillain">Marie Gillain</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amandine_Dewasmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amandine Dewasmes (page does not exist)">Amandine Dewasmes</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amandine_Dewasmes" class="extiw" title="fr:Amandine Dewasmes">fr</a>]</span>.</li> <li>2014: <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Hearts_(film)" title="Three Hearts (film)">Three Hearts</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Jacquot" title="Benoît Jacquot">Benoît Jacquot</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Poelvoorde" title="Benoît Poelvoorde">Benoît Poelvoorde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Gainsbourg" title="Charlotte Gainsbourg">Charlotte Gainsbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiara_Mastroianni" title="Chiara Mastroianni">Chiara Mastroianni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-MaisonDupre-Latour-RuePerollerie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Maison Dupré-Latour [fr]"><img alt="The Maison Dupré-Latour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Valence-MaisonDupre-Latour-RuePerollerie.jpg/120px-Valence-MaisonDupre-Latour-RuePerollerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Valence-MaisonDupre-Latour-RuePerollerie.jpg/250px-Valence-MaisonDupre-Latour-RuePerollerie.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2318" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maison_Dupr%C3%A9-Latour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maison Dupré-Latour (page does not exist)">Maison Dupré-Latour</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maison_Dupr%C3%A9-Latour" class="extiw" title="fr:Maison Dupré-Latour">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence_kiosque_Peynet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kiosque Peynet [fr] on the Champ de Mars"><img alt="Kiosque Peynet on the Champ-de-Mars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Valence_kiosque_Peynet.jpg/120px-Valence_kiosque_Peynet.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Valence_kiosque_Peynet.jpg/180px-Valence_kiosque_Peynet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Valence_kiosque_Peynet.jpg/240px-Valence_kiosque_Peynet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiosque_Peynet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiosque Peynet (page does not exist)">Kiosque Peynet</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosque_Peynet" class="extiw" title="fr:Kiosque Peynet">fr</a>]</span> on the Champ de Mars</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence...(d%C3%A9cembre_2012)_004-001.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bell tower of the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral"><img alt="The bell tower of the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Valence...%28d%C3%A9cembre_2012%29_004-001.JPG/240px-Valence...%28d%C3%A9cembre_2012%29_004-001.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Valence...%28d%C3%A9cembre_2012%29_004-001.JPG/360px-Valence...%28d%C3%A9cembre_2012%29_004-001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Valence...%28d%C3%A9cembre_2012%29_004-001.JPG/480px-Valence...%28d%C3%A9cembre_2012%29_004-001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bell tower of the Saint-Apollinaire Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porte_de_l%27ancienne_pr%C3%A9fecture.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gate of the former prefecture"><img alt="gate of the former prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Porte_de_l%27ancienne_pr%C3%A9fecture.JPG/120px-Porte_de_l%27ancienne_pr%C3%A9fecture.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Porte_de_l%27ancienne_pr%C3%A9fecture.JPG/181px-Porte_de_l%27ancienne_pr%C3%A9fecture.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Porte_de_l%27ancienne_pr%C3%A9fecture.JPG/241px-Porte_de_l%27ancienne_pr%C3%A9fecture.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gate of the former prefecture</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_Crussol_coucher_de_soleil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the Château de Crussol from the esplanade of the Champ de Mars [fr]"><img alt="View of the facade of the Château de Crussol from the Champ de Mars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chateau_Crussol_coucher_de_soleil.jpg/240px-Chateau_Crussol_coucher_de_soleil.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chateau_Crussol_coucher_de_soleil.jpg/360px-Chateau_Crussol_coucher_de_soleil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Chateau_Crussol_coucher_de_soleil.jpg/480px-Chateau_Crussol_coucher_de_soleil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Crussol" title="Château de Crussol">Château de Crussol</a> from the esplanade of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Champ de Mars (Valence) (page does not exist)">Champ de Mars</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_(Valence)" class="extiw" title="fr:Champ de Mars (Valence)">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9sidence_du_marquis_de_Veynes,c%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Côte des Chapeliers, home of the Marquis of Veynes."><img alt="Côte des Chapeliers, home of the Marquis of Veynes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/R%C3%A9sidence_du_marquis_de_Veynes%2Cc%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG/330px-R%C3%A9sidence_du_marquis_de_Veynes%2Cc%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/R%C3%A9sidence_du_marquis_de_Veynes%2Cc%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG/500px-R%C3%A9sidence_du_marquis_de_Veynes%2Cc%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/R%C3%A9sidence_du_marquis_de_Veynes%2Cc%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG/960px-R%C3%A9sidence_du_marquis_de_Veynes%2Cc%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Côte des Chapeliers, home of the Marquis of Veynes.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Côte des Chapeliers"><img alt="Côte des chapeliers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/C%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG/269px-C%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/C%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG/404px-C%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/C%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG/538px-C%C3%B4te_des_chapeliers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Côte des Chapeliers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valence-Sculpture-JardinMusee.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sculpture in the garden of the Musée des beaux-arts [fr]"><img alt="Sculpture in the garden of the Musée des beaux-arts [fr]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Valence-Sculpture-JardinMusee.jpg/250px-Valence-Sculpture-JardinMusee.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Valence-Sculpture-JardinMusee.jpg/330px-Valence-Sculpture-JardinMusee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Valence-Sculpture-JardinMusee.jpg/500px-Valence-Sculpture-JardinMusee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3019" data-file-height="3019" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sculpture in the garden of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus%C3%A9e_des_beaux-arts_de_Valence_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musée des beaux-arts de Valence (France) (page does not exist)">Musée des beaux-arts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_beaux-arts_de_Valence_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée des beaux-arts de Valence (France)">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Epervi%C3%A8re_Valence_26-04-2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Port de l'Épervière [fr]"><img alt="The port de l'Épervière" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Port_Epervi%C3%A8re_Valence_26-04-2005.jpg/250px-Port_Epervi%C3%A8re_Valence_26-04-2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Port_Epervi%C3%A8re_Valence_26-04-2005.jpg/500px-Port_Epervi%C3%A8re_Valence_26-04-2005.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port de l'Épervière (page does not exist)">Port de l'Épervière</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Port de l'Épervière">fr</a>]</span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Dr%C3%B4me_department" title="Communes of the Drôme department">Communes of the Drôme department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_prefectures_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of prefectures of France (page does not exist)">List of prefectures of France</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_pr%C3%A9fectures_de_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des préfectures de France">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarters_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarters of Valence (page does not exist)">Quarters of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartiers_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Quartiers de Valence">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_historical_monuments_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of historical monuments of Valence (page does not exist)">List of historical monuments of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_monuments_historiques_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des monuments historiques de Valence">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Bishops_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Bishops of Valence (page does not exist)">List of Bishops of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%A9v%C3%AAques_de_Valence_(France)" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des évêques de Valence (France)">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_area_of_Valence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban area of Valence (page does not exist)">Urban area of Valence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aire_urbaine_de_Valence" class="extiw" title="fr:Aire urbaine de Valence">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBlanc1973" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Blanc, André (1973). <i>Valence</i> [<i>Valence</i>] (in French). Colmar-Ingersheim: Éditions SAEP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valence&rft.place=Colmar-Ingersheim&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+SAEP&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Blanc&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlanc1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Blanc, André (1975). <i>Valence à travers les hommes</i> [<i>Valence through the men</i>] (in French). Valence: Éditions SOREPI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valence+%C3%A0+travers+les+hommes&rft.place=Valence&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+SOREPI&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Blanc&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBornecque" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bornecque, Robert. <i>Histoire de Valence et de sa région: Die – Crest</i> [<i>History of Valence and its region: Die – Crest</i>] (in French). Roanne: Éditions Horvath.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+Valence+et+de+sa+r%C3%A9gion%3A+Die+%E2%80%93+Crest&rft.place=Roanne&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Horvath&rft.aulast=Bornecque&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRavit2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ravit, Philippe (2007). <i>Le paysage valentinois, de la fondation de la colonie de </i>Valentia (Valence)<i> au 3e siecle ap J.-C</i> [<i>The city landscape, of the Foundation of the colony of Valentia (Valence) in the 3rd century AD</i>] (in French). Lyon 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+paysage+valentinois%2C+de+la+fondation+de+la+colonie+de+Valentia+%28Valence%29+au+3e+siecle+ap+J.-C.&rft.pub=Lyon+3&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Ravit&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollective1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Collective (1991). <i>Valence</i> [<i>Valence</i>] (in French). Ville de Valence et Office du tourisme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valence&rft.pub=Ville+de+Valence+et+Office+du+tourisme&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Collective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDespesse2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2004). <i>Le Parc Jouvet au cœur de Valence</i> [<i>The Jouvet Park in the heart of Valence</i>] (in French). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Parc+Jouvet+au+c%C5%93ur+de+Valence&rft.pub=Valence%2C+M%C3%A9moire+de+la+Dr%C3%B4me&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Despesse&rft.aufirst=Bernard-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollective2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Collective (2009). <i>Valence, visages d'une ville</i> [<i>Valence faces of a city</i>] (in French). Altal éditions.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valence%2C+visages+d%27une+ville&rft.pub=Altal+%C3%A9ditions&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Collective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDespesse2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2010). <i>Le Champ de Mars terrasse de Valence</i> [<i>The Champ de Mars terrace of Valence</i>] (in French). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Champ+de+Mars+terrasse+de+Valence&rft.pub=Valence%2C+M%C3%A9moire+de+la+Dr%C3%B4me&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Despesse&rft.aufirst=Bernard-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollective2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Collective (2011). <i>Il était une fois Châteauvert…</i> [<i>Once upon a time... Châteauvert</i>] (in French). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+%C3%A9tait+une+fois+Ch%C3%A2teauvert%E2%80%A6&rft.pub=Valence%2C+M%C3%A9moire+de+la+Dr%C3%B4me&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Collective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBalsan2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Balsan, Alain (2012). <i>Valence 2000 ans d'histoire</i> [<i>Valence 2000 years of history</i>] (in French). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Valence+2000+ans+d%27histoire&rft.pub=Valence%2C+M%C3%A9moire+de+la+Dr%C3%B4me&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Balsan&rft.aufirst=Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDespesse2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Despesse, Bernard-Marie (2013). <i>La Sculpture-château d'eau de Philolaos à Valence</i> [<i>Sculpture-water tower of Philolaus in Valence</i>] (in French). Valence, Mémoire de la Drôme.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Sculpture-ch%C3%A2teau+d%27eau+de+Philolaos+%C3%A0+Valence&rft.pub=Valence%2C+M%C3%A9moire+de+la+Dr%C3%B4me&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Despesse&rft.aufirst=Bernard-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 24em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popref2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popref2022_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8288323?geo=COM-26362">"Populations de référence 2022"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 19 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+2022&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F8288323%3Fgeo%3DCOM-26362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Reference-AHD-Valence" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Valence">"Valence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Valence&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DValence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Valence">"Valence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Valence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FValence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compar-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-compar_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-049+UU2020-00652+COM-26362">"Comparateur de territoire: Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Valence (049), Unité urbaine 2020 de Valence (00652), Commune de Valence (26362)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comparateur+de+territoire%3A+Aire+d%27attraction+des+villes+2020+de+Valence+%28049%29%2C+Unit%C3%A9+urbaine+2020+de+Valence+%2800652%29%2C+Commune+de+Valence+%2826362%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F1405599%3Fgeo%3DAAV2020-049%2BUU2020-00652%2BCOM-26362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/informations/economie-quand-valence-rime-avec-croissance_651920.html/">"L'Express : Quand Valence rime avec croissance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Express+%3A+Quand+Valence+rime+avec+croissance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Finformations%2Feconomie-quand-valence-rime-avec-croissance_651920.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museedevalence.fr/fr/musee/le-territoire">"Musée de Valence : histoire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mus%C3%A9e+de+Valence+%3A+histoire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museedevalence.fr%2Ffr%2Fmusee%2Fle-territoire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. 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(1984)</a>, p. 371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ed96-37-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ed96-37_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrachette1998">Frachette (1998)</a>, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrachette1998">Frachette (1998)</a>, pp. 37–38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ed96-34-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ed96-34_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ed96-34_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrachette1998">Frachette (1998)</a>, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ed96-35-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ed96-35_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrachette1998">Frachette (1998)</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrachette1998">Frachette (1998)</a>, pp. 35, 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141103004433/http://www.valence.fr/fr/culture/2000-ans-dhistoire/">"Valence: 2000 ans d'histoire"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/culture/2000-ans-dhistoire/">the original</a> on 3 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valence%3A+2000+ans+d%27histoire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fculture%2F2000-ans-dhistoire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRossiaud1976">Rossiaud (1976)</a>, p. 290</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRossiaud1976">Rossiaud (1976)</a>, p. 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRossiaud1976">Rossiaud (1976)</a>, p. 296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4-ZZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA127"><i>Ordonnances des roys de France de la troisième race</i></a>. 1811.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ordonnances+des+roys+de+France+de+la+troisi%C3%A8me+race&rft.date=1811&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4-ZZAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrance1828" class="citation book cs1">France (1828). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3kUAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA538"><i>Lettres patentes de Louis XI, Plessis-du-Parc-lèz-Tours, mars 1480 (1479 avant Pâques)</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lettres+patentes+de+Louis+XI%2C+Plessis-du-Parc-l%C3%A8z-Tours%2C+mars+1480+%281479+avant+P%C3%A2ques%29&rft.date=1828&rft.au=France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3kUAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrance1828" class="citation book cs1">France (1828). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3kUAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA189"><i>Lettres patentes de Louis XI, Valence, mars 1476 (1475 avant Pâques)</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lettres+patentes+de+Louis+XI%2C+Valence%2C+mars+1476+%281475+avant+P%C3%A2ques%29&rft.date=1828&rft.au=France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3kUAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bonaparte_et_Valence-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bonaparte_et_Valence_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonaparte_et_Valence_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204103419/http://bonaparte-a-valence.fr/bonaparte_et_valence.html">"Bonaparte et Valence"</a>. 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:32_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Une série générale de perquisitions : résultat négatif des recherches" [A general series of raids: negative results]. <i>L'Éclair</i>. 3 January 1894.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27%C3%89clair&rft.atitle=Une+s%C3%A9rie+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+perquisitions+%3A+r%C3%A9sultat+n%C3%A9gatif+des+recherches&rft.date=1894-01-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acam-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acam_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acam_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acam_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acam_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acam_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krikor Amirzayan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acam-france.org/contacts/diaspora-france/rhone.htm">Valence, la ville arménienne</a>, <i>Association des communautés arméniennes</i>, retrieved 2013-12-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaragnon1956">Garagnon (1956)</a>, p. 524</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaragnon1956">Garagnon (1956)</a>, p. 538</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaragnon1956">Garagnon (1956)</a>, pp. 524–525</span> </li> <li 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/.../une-ville-en-devenir-10-03-2011-1307671_27.php/">the original</a> on 6 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Point+%3A+Une+ville+en+devenir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2F...%2Fune-ville-en-devenir-10-03-2011-1307671_27.php%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pourpardin_2008_59–71-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pourpardin_2008_59–71_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pourpardin_2008_59–71_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPourpardin2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pourpardin, François (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rhcf.revues.org/404">"Les bâtiments voyageurs édifiés le long de la ligne impériale (La Compagnie du PLM : les gares de l'architecte Jules Bouchot)"</a>. <i>Revue d'histoire des chemins de fer</i> (38): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Frhcf.404">10.4000/rhcf.404</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+des+chemins+de+fer&rft.atitle=Les+b%C3%A2timents+voyageurs+%C3%A9difi%C3%A9s+le+long+de+la+ligne+imp%C3%A9riale+%28La+Compagnie+du+PLM+%3A+les+gares+de+l%27architecte+Jules+Bouchot%29&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Frhcf.404&rft.aulast=Pourpardin&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frhcf.revues.org%2F404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mergare-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mergare_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mergare_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00117088">PA00117088</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/le-tgv-pour-valence-plus-long-et-plus-cher-09-05-2001-2002154506.php">"Le TGV pour Valence plus long et plus cher"</a>. <i>Le Parisien</i>. 26 May 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Le+TGV+pour+Valence+plus+long+et+plus+cher&rft.date=2001-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Feconomie%2Fle-tgv-pour-valence-plus-long-et-plus-cher-09-05-2001-2002154506.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-point2007-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-point2007_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130701214709/http://www.lepoint.fr/archives/article.php/34028">"Terre des sens, sur de nouveaux rails"</a>. <i>Le Point</i>. 17 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/archives/article.php/34028">the original</a> on 1 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Terre+des+sens%2C+sur+de+nouveaux+rails&rft.date=2007-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle.php%2F34028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rovaltain.fr-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rovaltain.fr_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708135846/http://www.rovaltain.fr/pole-economique.html">"un Pôle économique au sud de Lyon"</a> [An economic pole south of Lyon] (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rovaltain.fr/pole-economique.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=un+P%C3%B4le+%C3%A9conomique+au+sud+de+Lyon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rovaltain.fr%2Fpole-economique.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drome-portdeplaisance.com/">"port de plaisance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=port+de+plaisance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drome-portdeplaisance.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-portval-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-portval_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-portval_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-portval_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drome-portdecommerce.com/">"port de commerce de la Drôme"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=port+de+commerce+de+la+Dr%C3%B4me&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drome-portdecommerce.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wk-transport-logistique.fr/actualites/detail/68067/le-port-fluvial-de-valence-lance-les-travaux-pour-developper-sa-vocation-multimodale.html">"Travaux de la CNR"</a>. 11 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Travaux+de+la+CNR&rft.date=2023-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wk-transport-logistique.fr%2Factualites%2Fdetail%2F68067%2Fle-port-fluvial-de-valence-lance-les-travaux-pour-developper-sa-vocation-multimodale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drome.cci.fr/vous-etes/acteur-public/decouvrir/laeroport-de-valence-chabeuil/">"Aéroport de Valence-Chabreuil"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A%C3%A9roport+de+Valence-Chabreuil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drome.cci.fr%2Fvous-etes%2Facteur-public%2Fdecouvrir%2Flaeroport-de-valence-chabeuil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150422041847/http://www.aeroport.fr/les-aeroports-de-l-uaf/valence-chabeuil.php">"infrastructures"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeroport.fr/les-aeroports-de-l-uaf/valence-chabeuil.php">the original</a> on 22 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=infrastructures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeroport.fr%2Fles-aeroports-de-l-uaf%2Fvalence-chabeuil.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChouquerOdiotBeechingBrochier1984">Chouquer et al. (1984)</a>, p. 369</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDubesset1974">Dubesset (1974)</a>, p. 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">RG 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDubesset1974">Dubesset (1974)</a>, pp. 286–288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDubesset1974">Dubesset (1974)</a>, p. 288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDubesset1971" class="citation journal cs1">Dubesset, Pierre (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/geoca_0035-113x_1971_num_46_4_1597">"L'aéroport de Valence-Chabeuil"</a>. <i>Revue de Géographie de Lyon</i>. <b>46</b> (4): 449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fgeoca.1971.1597">10.3406/geoca.1971.1597</a>. Revue de géographie de Lyon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+G%C3%A9ographie+de+Lyon&rft.atitle=L%27a%C3%A9roport+de+Valence-Chabeuil&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=449&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fgeoca.1971.1597&rft.aulast=Dubesset&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fgeoca_0035-113x_1971_num_46_4_1597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LOG T1M – Évolution of the number of houses by category.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOG_T2-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LOG_T2_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LOG T2 – Categories and types of housing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LOG T7 – Main residences by occupancy status.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dromeamenagementhabitat.fr/espace-collectivites-locales/">"Drôme Aménagement Habitat (DAH)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr%C3%B4me+Am%C3%A9nagement+Habitat+%28DAH%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dromeamenagementhabitat.fr%2Fespace-collectivites-locales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316215116/http://www.drome-hebdo.fr/blog/2011/02/28/du-negatif-au-positif/">"Drôme-Hebdo : Logements sociaux à Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drome-hebdo.fr/blog/2011/02/28/du-negatif-au-positif/">the original</a> on 16 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr%C3%B4me-Hebdo+%3A+Logements+sociaux+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drome-hebdo.fr%2Fblog%2F2011%2F02%2F28%2Fdu-negatif-au-positif%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-calameo-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-calameo_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calameo_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307014227/http://www.calameo.com/books/000021831a9e850c22d0e">"Grands projets de ville"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.calameo.com/books/000021831a9e850c22d0e/">the original</a> on 7 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grands+projets+de+ville&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calameo.com%2Fbooks%2F000021831a9e850c22d0e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140307125119/http://www.drome-hebdo.fr/.../une-nouvelle-dynamique-pour-le-port/">"Une nouvelle dynamique pour le port"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drome-hebdo.fr/.../une-nouvelle-dynamique-pour-le-port/">the original</a> on 7 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Une+nouvelle+dynamique+pour+le+port&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drome-hebdo.fr%2F...%2Fune-nouvelle-dynamique-pour-le-port%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA26000034">PA26000034</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821191323/http://www.valenceagglo.fr/">"communauté d'agglomération Valence Agglo–Sud Rhône-Alpes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valenceagglo.fr/">the original</a> on 21 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=communaut%C3%A9+d%27agglom%C3%A9ration+Valence+Agglo%E2%80%93Sud+Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valenceagglo.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.habitants.fr/drome-26">Le nom des habitants du 26 – Drôme</a>, habitants.fr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=38655">Commune data sheet Valence</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-26362#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193420/http://catholique-valence.cef.fr/Notre-Dame-des-Peuples-de-Valence.html">"paroisse Notre-Dame-des-Peuples-de-Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholique-valence.cef.fr/Notre-Dame-des-Peuples-de-Valence.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=paroisse+Notre-Dame-des-Peuples-de-Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholique-valence.cef.fr%2FNotre-Dame-des-Peuples-de-Valence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212070807/http://catholique-valence.cef.fr/Saint-Emilien-de-Valence.html">"Paroisse Saint-Émilien de Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholique-valence.cef.fr/Saint-Emilien-de-Valence.html">the original</a> on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paroisse+Saint-%C3%89milien+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholique-valence.cef.fr%2FSaint-Emilien-de-Valence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consistoiredefrance.fr/synagogue/1584.aci-synagogue">"Synagogue à Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Synagogue+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consistoiredefrance.fr%2Fsynagogue%2F1584.aci-synagogue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130423011557/https://sites.google.com/site/eglisereformeedevalence/">"Eglise réformée de France à Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/eglisereformeedevalence/">the original</a> on 23 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eglise+r%C3%A9form%C3%A9e+de+France+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Feglisereformeedevalence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epev.fr/">"Église protestante évangélique à Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89glise+protestante+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epev.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eglises.org/france/26/">"Liste des églises évangéliques dans le département de la Drôme : Valence"</a>. <i>l'annuaire électronique des Églises évangéliques</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=l%27annuaire+%C3%A9lectronique+des+%C3%89glises+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9liques&rft.atitle=Liste+des+%C3%A9glises+%C3%A9vang%C3%A9liques+dans+le+d%C3%A9partement+de+la+Dr%C3%B4me+%3A+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feglises.org%2Ffrance%2F26%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150121193915/http://www.valence.fr/fr/actualite/detail/valence-fete-le-printemps.html">"Valence fête le printemps"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/actualite/detail/valence-fete-le-printemps.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valence+f%C3%AAte+le+printemps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Factualite%2Fdetail%2Fvalence-fete-le-printemps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510223134/http://www.valence.fr/fr/decouvrir-valence/evenements-incontournables/boulevards-de-chines.html">"Boulevards de chine"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/decouvrir-valence/evenements-incontournables/boulevards-de-chines.html">the original</a> on 10 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boulevards+de+chine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fdecouvrir-valence%2Fevenements-incontournables%2Fboulevards-de-chines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317063058/http://www.valence.fr/fr/culture/festival-de-valence.html">"Festival de Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/culture/festival-de-valence.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Festival+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fculture%2Ffestival-de-valence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150122051151/http://www.valence.fr/fr/actualite/detail/valence-lumieres-et-images-en-fete.html">"Valence Lumières et Images en fête"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/actualite/detail/valence-lumieres-et-images-en-fete.html">the original</a> on 22 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valence+Lumi%C3%A8res+et+Images+en+f%C3%AAte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Factualite%2Fdetail%2Fvalence-lumieres-et-images-en-fete.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagesjaunes.fr/annuaire/valence-26/hopitaux">"Hôpitaux à Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%B4pitaux+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagesjaunes.fr%2Fannuaire%2Fvalence-26%2Fhopitaux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagesjaunes.fr/trouverlesprofessionnels/filtrer.do?idContext=395572212&portail=PJ">"Médecins à Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9decins+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagesjaunes.fr%2Ftrouverlesprofessionnels%2Ffiltrer.do%3FidContext%3D395572212%26portail%3DPJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagesjaunes.fr/trouverlesprofessionnels/changerPage.do?numPage=1&random=0.7737979746899024&idContext=395572219&portail=PJ">"Kiné à Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kin%C3%A9+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagesjaunes.fr%2Ftrouverlesprofessionnels%2FchangerPage.do%3FnumPage%3D1%26random%3D0.7737979746899024%26idContext%3D395572219%26portail%3DPJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sv-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sv_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sv_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317090422/http://www.valence.fr/fr/sante-solidarites/la-sante-a-valence.html">"La santé à Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/sante-solidarites/la-sante-a-valence.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+sant%C3%A9+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fsante-solidarites%2Fla-sante-a-valence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094451/http://www.ch-valence.fr/chiffres-clefs">"Centre Hospitalier de Valence : Chiffres-clefs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ch-valence.fr/chiffres-clefs">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Centre+Hospitalier+de+Valence+%3A+Chiffres-clefs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch-valence.fr%2Fchiffres-clefs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hpda-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hpda_99-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hpda_99-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hpda_99-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181114/http://www.generale-de-sante.fr/hopital-prive-drome-ardeche-guilherand-granges-valence/Nous-decouvrir/Presentation">"Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche : l'union de la Clinique Pasteur et de la Clinique Générale"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.generale-de-sante.fr/hopital-prive-drome-ardeche-guilherand-granges-valence/Nous-decouvrir/Presentation">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H%C3%B4pital+Priv%C3%A9+Dr%C3%B4me+Ard%C3%A8che+%3A+l%27union+de+la+Clinique+Pasteur+et+de+la+Clinique+G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.generale-de-sante.fr%2Fhopital-prive-drome-ardeche-guilherand-granges-valence%2FNous-decouvrir%2FPresentation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Éonomie-Emploi_à_Valence-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Éonomie-Emploi_à_Valence_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Éonomie-Emploi_à_Valence_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127083105/http://www.valenceagglo.fr/economie-emploi">"Éonomie-Emploi à Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valenceagglo.fr/economie-emploi/">the original</a> on 27 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%89onomie-Emploi+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valenceagglo.fr%2Feconomie-emploi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140928101907/http://www.valenceagglo.fr/panorama-economique">"Panorama économique de Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valenceagglo.fr/panorama-economique/">the original</a> on 28 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panorama+%C3%A9conomique+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valenceagglo.fr%2Fpanorama-economique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dossier-complet-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dossier-complet_102-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=COM-26362">"Dossier complet: Commune de Valence (26362)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dossier+complet%3A+Commune+de+Valence+%2826362%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F2011101%3Fgeo%3DCOM-26362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taxe.com/index-impots-departement-commune~26362.html">"Impots locaux à Valence"</a>. <i>taxes.com</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=taxes.com&rft.atitle=Impots+locaux+%C3%A0+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taxe.com%2Findex-impots-departement-commune~26362.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/advanced-search/list/merimee?qb=%5B%7B%22field%22%3A%5B%22INSEE.keyword%22%5D%2C%22operator%22%3A%22%3D%3D%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2226362%22%2C%22combinator%22%3A%22AND%22%2C%22index%22%3A0%7D%5D">Search for heritage in the commune</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00117093">PA00117093</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00117092">PA00117092</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00117084">PA00117084</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00117090">PA00117090</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215524/http://www.valence.fr/fr/cadre-de-vie/canaux/">"Origine celte du nom de Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/cadre-de-vie/canaux/">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origine+celte+du+nom+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fcadre-de-vie%2Fcanaux%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215524/http://www.valence.fr/fr/cadre-de-vie/canaux/">"Les canaux de Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/cadre-de-vie/canaux/">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+canaux+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fcadre-de-vie%2Fcanaux%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ed116-26-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ed116-26_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAragon2001">Aragon (2001)</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ed116-27-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ed116-27_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ed116-27_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAragon2001">Aragon (2001)</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ed116-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ed116_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAragon2001">Aragon (2001)</a>, pp. 26–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=2746923718/">"Parc Marcel-Paul de Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parc+Marcel-Paul+de+Valence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D2746923718%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence-espaces-evenements.com/">"Parc de loisirs de l'Épervière de Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parc+de+loisirs+de+l%27%C3%89pervi%C3%A8re+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence-espaces-evenements.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215020/http://www.valence.fr/fr/cadre-de-vie/parcs-et-jardins/">"Parcs de Valence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valence.fr/fr/cadre-de-vie/parcs-et-jardins/">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parcs+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fcadre-de-vie%2Fparcs-et-jardins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vilfleur2014-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vilfleur2014_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626121128/http://www.cnvvf.fr/les_villes_et_villages_fleuris-47.html">"Les villes et villages fleuris"</a>. <i>Concours des villes et villages fleuris</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnvvf.fr/les_villes_et_villages_fleuris-47.html">the original</a> on 26 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Concours+des+villes+et+villages+fleuris&rft.atitle=Les+villes+et+villages+fleuris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnvvf.fr%2Fles_villes_et_villages_fleuris-47.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drageepraline.com/dragees.pralines.php">"La Dragée de Valence"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Drag%C3%A9e+de+Valence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drageepraline.com%2Fdragees.pralines.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valence.fr/fr/connaitre-la-mairie/relations-internationales/jumelage.html">"Jumelage"</a>. <i>valence.fr</i> (in French). Valence<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=valence.fr&rft.atitle=Jumelage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valence.fr%2Ffr%2Fconnaitre-la-mairie%2Frelations-internationales%2Fjumelage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pushkin.ru/news/pushkin-news/vsemirnii-den-porodnennih-gorodov-goroda-pobratimi-pyshkina.html">"Всемирный день породненных городов: города – побратимы Пушкина"</a>. <i>pushkin.ru</i> (in Russian). Pushkin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pushkin.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpushkin.ru%2Fnews%2Fpushkin-news%2Fvsemirnii-den-porodnennih-gorodov-goroda-pobratimi-pyshkina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nkr.am-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nkr.am_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nkr.am/en/international-cooperation">"International Cooperation | NKR"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301004114/http://www.nkr.am/en/international-cooperation">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Cooperation+%26%23124%3B+NKR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkr.am%2Fen%2Finternational-cooperation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peynet.com/vf/pages/musees.php?musee=karuizawa/">"Karuizawa – Peynet, Raymond"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karuizawa+%E2%80%93+Peynet%2C+Raymond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peynet.com%2Fvf%2Fpages%2Fmusees.php%3Fmusee%3Dkaruizawa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515072034/https://www.brassaclesmines.fr/spip.php?article31%2F">"Musée Peynet, Brassac-les-Mines"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brassaclesmines.fr/spip.php?article31/">the original</a> on 15 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mus%C3%A9e+Peynet%2C+Brassac-les-Mines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brassaclesmines.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle31%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ledauphine.com/drome/2013/09/14/un-beau-casting-en-tournage-a-valence">"Tournage du film"</a>. <i>Le Dauphiné</i>. 14 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Dauphin%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Tournage+du+film&rft.date=2013-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledauphine.com%2Fdrome%2F2013%2F09%2F14%2Fun-beau-casting-en-tournage-a-valence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography_2">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAragon2001" class="citation book cs1">Aragon, Louis (2001). <i>Le rendez-vous de Valence</i>. Études Drômoises. Text annotated by Bernard-Marie Despesse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+rendez-vous+de+Valence&rft.series=%C3%89tudes+Dr%C3%B4moises&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Aragon&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChouquerOdiotBeechingBrochier1984" class="citation journal cs1">Chouquer, Gérard; Odiot, Thierry; Beeching, Alain; Brochier, Jacques Léopold; Matteucci, Sylvio (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/dha_0755-7256_1984_num_10_1_1632">"L'évolution morphohistorique de la cité de Valence"</a>. <i>Dialogues d'Histoire Ancienne</i>. <b>10</b>: <span class="nowrap">361–</span>396. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fdha.1984.1632">10.3406/dha.1984.1632</a>. Dialogues d'histoire ancienne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialogues+d%27Histoire+Ancienne&rft.atitle=L%27%C3%A9volution+morphohistorique+de+la+cit%C3%A9+de+Valence&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E361-%3C%2Fspan%3E396&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fdha.1984.1632&rft.aulast=Chouquer&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Odiot%2C+Thierry&rft.au=Beeching%2C+Alain&rft.au=Brochier%2C+Jacques+L%C3%A9opold&rft.au=Matteucci%2C+Sylvio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fdha_0755-7256_1984_num_10_1_1632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDubesset1974" class="citation journal cs1">Dubesset, Pierre (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/geoca_0035-113x_1974_num_49_3_1655">"Perspectives actuelles de l'aménagement urbain à Valence-sur-Rhône"</a>. <i>Revue de géographie de Lyon</i>. <b>49</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">285–</span>291. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fgeoca.1974.1655">10.3406/geoca.1974.1655</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+g%C3%A9ographie+de+Lyon&rft.atitle=Perspectives+actuelles+de+l%27am%C3%A9nagement+urbain+%C3%A0+Valence-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E285-%3C%2Fspan%3E291&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fgeoca.1974.1655&rft.aulast=Dubesset&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fgeoca_0035-113x_1974_num_49_3_1655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrachette1998" class="citation journal cs1">Frachette, Christian (1998). "Valence au dixième siècle (879–1029)". <i>Études drômoises</i>. <b>96</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+dr%C3%B4moises&rft.atitle=Valence+au+dixi%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle+%28879%E2%80%931029%29&rft.volume=96&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Frachette&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaragnon1956" class="citation journal cs1">Garagnon, P. (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rga_0035-1121_1956_num_44_3_1781">"La colonie arménienne de Valence-sur-Rhône"</a>. <i>Revue de géographie alpine</i>. <b>44</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">523–</span>538. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Frga.1956.1781">10.3406/rga.1956.1781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+g%C3%A9ographie+alpine&rft.atitle=La+colonie+arm%C3%A9nienne+de+Valence-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E523-%3C%2Fspan%3E538&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frga.1956.1781&rft.aulast=Garagnon&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Frga_0035-1121_1956_num_44_3_1781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRossiaud1976" class="citation journal cs1">Rossiaud, M. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/shmes_1261-9078_1978_act_7_1_1239">"Les haleurs du Rhône au XVe siecle"</a>. <i>Actes de la Société des Historiens Médiévistes de l'Enseignement Supérieur Public</i>. Actes des congrès de la Société des historiens médiévistes de l'enseignement supérieur public, 7e congrès. <b>7</b> (1). Rennes: <span class="nowrap">283–</span>304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fshmes.1976.1239">10.3406/shmes.1976.1239</a>. Les transports au Moyen Âge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Actes+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Historiens+M%C3%A9di%C3%A9vistes+de+l%27Enseignement+Sup%C3%A9rieur+Public&rft.atitle=Les+haleurs+du+Rh%C3%B4ne+au+XVe+siecle&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E304&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fshmes.1976.1239&rft.aulast=Rossiaud&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fshmes_1261-9078_1978_act_7_1_1239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUriu1990" class="citation journal cs1">Uriu, Yoichi (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ahrf_0003-4436_1990_num_280_1_1320">"Espace et Révolution : enquête, grande peur et fédérations"</a>. <i>Annales historiques de la Révolution française</i>. <b>280</b>: <span class="nowrap">150–</span>166. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fahrf.1990.1320">10.3406/ahrf.1990.1320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+historiques+de+la+R%C3%A9volution+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.atitle=Espace+et+R%C3%A9volution+%3A+enqu%C3%AAte%2C+grande+peur+et+f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rations&rft.volume=280&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E150-%3C%2Fspan%3E166&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fahrf.1990.1320&rft.aulast=Uriu&rft.aufirst=Yoichi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fahrf_0003-4436_1990_num_280_1_1320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValence%2C+Dr%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-en-Bresse" title="Bourg-en-Bresse">Bourg-en-Bresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ain" title="Ain">Ain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aisne" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins,_Allier" title="Moulins, Allier">Moulins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digne-les-Bains" title="Digne-les-Bains">Digne-les-Bains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap,_Hautes-Alpes" title="Gap, Hautes-Alpes">Gap</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Alpes" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privas" title="Privas">Privas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville-M%C3%A9zi%C3%A8res" title="Charleville-Mézières">Charleville-Mézières</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ardennes_(department)" title="Ardennes (department)">Ardennes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foix" title="Foix">Foix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyes" title="Troyes">Troyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aube" title="Aube">Aube</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aude" title="Aude">Aude</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodez" title="Rodez">Rodez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aveyron" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurillac" title="Aurillac">Aurillac</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cantal" title="Cantal">Cantal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charente-Maritime" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle" title="Tulle">Tulle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corse-du-Sud" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastia" title="Bastia">Bastia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Corse" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brieuc" title="Saint-Brieuc">Saint-Brieuc</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9ret" title="Guéret">Guéret</a> (<a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigueux" title="Périgueux">Périgueux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vreux" title="Évreux">Évreux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eure-et-Loir" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimper" title="Quimper">Quimper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gard" title="Gard">Gard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Garonne" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auch" title="Auch">Auch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gers" title="Gers">Gers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indre-et-Loire" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> (<a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lons-le-Saunier" title="Lons-le-Saunier">Lons-le-Saunier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jura_(department)" title="Jura (department)">Jura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire_(department)" title="Loire (department)">Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Loire" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahors" title="Cahors">Cahors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(department)" title="Lot (department)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende,_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Mende, Lozère">Mende</a> (<a href="/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%B4" title="Saint-Lô">Saint-Lô</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manche" title="Manche">Manche</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marne_(department)" title="Marne (department)">Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont,_Haute-Marne" title="Chaumont, Haute-Marne">Chaumont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Marne" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Mayenne" title="Laval, Mayenne">Laval</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayenne" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vannes" title="Vannes">Vannes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moselle_(department)" title="Moselle (department)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevers" title="Nevers">Nevers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvais" title="Beauvais">Beauvais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oise" title="Oise">Oise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen%C3%A7on" title="Alençon">Alençon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Orne" title="Orne">Orne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau,_Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbes" title="Tarbes">Tarbes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(department)" title="Rhône (department)">Rhône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâcon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarthe" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melun" title="Melun">Melun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niort" title="Niort">Niort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Somme_(department)" title="Somme (department)">Somme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Albi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn_(department)" title="Tarn (department)">Tarn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban" title="Montauban">Montauban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Var_(department)" title="Var (department)">Var</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaucluse" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Yon" title="La Roche-sur-Yon">La Roche-sur-Yon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haute-Vienne" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinal" title="Épinal">Épinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vosges_(department)" title="Vosges (department)">Vosges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonne" title="Yonne">Yonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vry-Courcouronnes" title="Évry-Courcouronnes">Évry-Courcouronnes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essonne" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanterre" title="Nanterre">Nanterre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9teil" title="Créteil">Créteil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-de-Marne" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cergy" title="Cergy">Cergy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontoise" title="Pontoise">Pontoise</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Oise" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Overseas_departments30"><b><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas departments</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Drôme&#124;link=Drôme_Communes_of_the_Drôme_department306" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dr%C3%B4me_communes" title="Template:Drôme communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dr%C3%B4me_communes" title="Template talk:Drôme communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dr%C3%B4me_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drôme communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Drôme&#124;link=Drôme_Communes_of_the_Drôme_department306" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme"><img alt="Drôme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Drapeau_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Dr%C3%B4me.svg/23px-Drapeau_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Dr%C3%B4me.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Drapeau_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Dr%C3%B4me.svg/35px-Drapeau_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Dr%C3%B4me.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Drapeau_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Dr%C3%B4me.svg/45px-Drapeau_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Dr%C3%B4me.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Dr%C3%B4me_department" title="Communes of the Drôme department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Diois" title="Aix-en-Diois">Aix-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albon,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Albon, Drôme">Albon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleyrac" title="Aleyrac">Aleyrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alixan" title="Alixan">Alixan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Allan, Drôme">Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allex,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Allex, Drôme">Allex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambonil" title="Ambonil">Ambonil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anc%C3%B4ne" title="Ancône">Ancône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andancette" title="Andancette">Andancette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneyron" title="Anneyron">Anneyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aouste-sur-Sye" title="Aouste-sur-Sye">Aouste-sur-Sye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnayon" title="Arnayon">Arnayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpavon" title="Arpavon">Arpavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arth%C3%A9monay" title="Arthémonay">Arthémonay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubenasson" title="Aubenasson">Aubenasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubres" title="Aubres">Aubres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aucelon" title="Aucelon">Aucelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulan" title="Aulan">Aulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurel,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Aurel, Drôme">Aurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autichamp" title="Autichamp">Autichamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballons" title="Ballons">Ballons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbi%C3%A8res" title="Barbières">Barbières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelonne" title="Barcelonne">Barcelonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnave,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Barnave, Drôme">Barnave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barret-de-Lioure" title="Barret-de-Lioure">Barret-de-Lioure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsac,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Barsac, Drôme">Barsac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathernay" title="Bathernay">Bathernay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_B%C3%A2tie-des-Fonds" title="La Bâtie-des-Fonds">La Bâtie-des-Fonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_B%C3%A2tie-Rolland" title="La Bâtie-Rolland">La Bâtie-Rolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Baume-Cornillane" title="La Baume-Cornillane">La Baume-Cornillane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Baume-de-Transit" title="La Baume-de-Transit">La Baume-de-Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Baume-d%27Hostun" title="La Baume-d'Hostun">La Baume-d'Hostun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort-sur-Gervanne" title="Beaufort-sur-Gervanne">Beaufort-sur-Gervanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-Diois" title="Beaumont-en-Diois">Beaumont-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Beaumont-lès-Valence">Beaumont-lès-Valence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-Monteux" title="Beaumont-Monteux">Beaumont-Monteux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauregard-Baret" title="Beauregard-Baret">Beauregard-Baret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauri%C3%A8res" title="Beaurières">Beaurières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beausemblant" title="Beausemblant">Beausemblant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvallon,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Beauvallon, Drôme">Beauvallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvoisin,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Beauvoisin, Drôme">Beauvoisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_B%C3%A9gude-de-Mazenc" title="La Bégude-de-Mazenc">La Bégude-de-Mazenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellecombe-Tarendol" title="Bellecombe-Tarendol">Bellecombe-Tarendol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellegarde-en-Diois" title="Bellegarde-en-Diois">Bellegarde-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nivay-Ollon" title="Bénivay-Ollon">Bénivay-Ollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9sayes" title="Bésayes">Bésayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9signan" title="Bésignan">Bésignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zaudun-sur-B%C3%AEne" title="Bézaudun-sur-Bîne">Bézaudun-sur-Bîne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonlieu-sur-Roubion" title="Bonlieu-sur-Roubion">Bonlieu-sur-Roubion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchet,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Bouchet, Drôme">Bouchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulc" title="Boulc">Boulc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourdeaux" title="Bourdeaux">Bourdeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-de-P%C3%A9age" title="Bourg-de-Péage">Bourg-de-Péage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourg-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Bourg-lès-Valence">Bourg-lès-Valence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvante" title="Bouvante">Bouvante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvi%C3%A8res" title="Bouvières">Bouvières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bren,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Bren, Drôme">Bren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brette" title="Brette">Brette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buis-les-Baronnies" title="Buis-les-Baronnies">Buis-les-Baronnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabeuil" title="Chabeuil">Chabeuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabrillan" title="Chabrillan">Chabrillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chaffal" title="Le Chaffal">Le Chaffal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalancon" title="Chalancon">Chalancon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chalon" title="Le Chalon">Le Chalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamaloc" title="Chamaloc">Chamaloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamaret" title="Chamaret">Chamaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanos-Curson" title="Chanos-Curson">Chanos-Curson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantemerle-les-Bl%C3%A9s" title="Chantemerle-les-Blés">Chantemerle-les-Blés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantemerle-l%C3%A8s-Grignan" title="Chantemerle-lès-Grignan">Chantemerle-lès-Grignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-en-Vercors" title="La Chapelle-en-Vercors">La Chapelle-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Charce" title="La Charce">La Charce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charens" title="Charens">Charens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmes-sur-l%27Herbasse" title="Charmes-sur-l'Herbasse">Charmes-sur-l'Herbasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charols" title="Charols">Charols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charpey" title="Charpey">Charpey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastel-Arnaud" title="Chastel-Arnaud">Chastel-Arnaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaudouble,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Châteaudouble, Drôme">Châteaudouble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-de-Bordette" title="Châteauneuf-de-Bordette">Châteauneuf-de-Bordette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-de-Galaure" title="Châteauneuf-de-Galaure">Châteauneuf-de-Galaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-du-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Châteauneuf-du-Rhône">Châteauneuf-du-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauneuf-sur-Is%C3%A8re" title="Châteauneuf-sur-Isère">Châteauneuf-sur-Isère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon-en-Diois" title="Châtillon-en-Diois">Châtillon-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon-Saint-Jean" title="Châtillon-Saint-Jean">Châtillon-Saint-Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatuzange-le-Goubet" title="Chatuzange-le-Goubet">Chatuzange-le-Goubet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudebonne" title="Chaudebonne">Chaudebonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chaudi%C3%A8re" title="La Chaudière">La Chaudière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvac-Laux-Montaux" title="Chauvac-Laux-Montaux">Chauvac-Laux-Montaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavannes,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Chavannes, Drôme">Chavannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clansayes" title="Clansayes">Clansayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claveyson" title="Claveyson">Claveyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9on-d%27Andran" title="Cléon-d'Andran">Cléon-d'Andran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9rieux" title="Clérieux">Clérieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliousclat" title="Cliousclat">Cliousclat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobonne" title="Cobonne">Cobonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonzelle" title="Colonzelle">Colonzelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combovin" title="Combovin">Combovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comps,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Comps, Drôme">Comps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condillac,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Condillac, Drôme">Condillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condorcet,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Condorcet, Drôme">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornillac" title="Cornillac">Cornillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornillon-sur-l%27Oule" title="Cornillon-sur-l'Oule">Cornillon-sur-l'Oule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Coucourde" title="La Coucourde">La Coucourde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9pol" title="Crépol">Crépol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crest,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Crest, Drôme">Crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozes-Hermitage" title="Crozes-Hermitage">Crozes-Hermitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crupies" title="Crupies">Crupies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curnier" title="Curnier">Curnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Die, Drôme">Die</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieulefit" title="Dieulefit">Dieulefit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divajeu" title="Divajeu">Divajeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donz%C3%A8re" title="Donzère">Donzère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chevis" title="Échevis">Échevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinouze" title="Épinouze">Épinouze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89r%C3%B4me" title="Érôme">Érôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espeluche" title="Espeluche">Espeluche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espenel" title="Espenel">Espenel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Establet" title="Establet">Establet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Étoile-sur-Rhône">Étoile-sur-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurre" title="Eurre">Eurre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eygalayes" title="Eygalayes">Eygalayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eygaliers" title="Eygaliers">Eygaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eygluy-Escoulin" title="Eygluy-Escoulin">Eygluy-Escoulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eymeux" title="Eymeux">Eymeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyroles" title="Eyroles">Eyroles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyzahut" title="Eyzahut">Eyzahut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay-le-Clos" title="Fay-le-Clos">Fay-le-Clos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lines-sur-Rimandoule" title="Félines-sur-Rimandoule">Félines-sur-Rimandoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrassi%C3%A8res" title="Ferrassières">Ferrassières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francillon-sur-Roubion" title="Francillon-sur-Roubion">Francillon-sur-Roubion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Garde-Adh%C3%A9mar" title="La Garde-Adhémar">La Garde-Adhémar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nissieux" title="Génissieux">Génissieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervans" title="Gervans">Gervans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyssans" title="Geyssans">Geyssans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigors-et-Lozeron" title="Gigors-et-Lozeron">Gigors-et-Lozeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glandage" title="Glandage">Glandage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Grand-Serre" title="Le Grand-Serre">Le Grand-Serre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grane,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Grane, Drôme">Grane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Granges-Gontardes" title="Les Granges-Gontardes">Les Granges-Gontardes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granges-les-Beaumont" title="Granges-les-Beaumont">Granges-les-Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grignan" title="Grignan">Grignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumiane" title="Gumiane">Gumiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauterives" title="Hauterives">Hauterives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostun" title="Hostun">Hostun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izon-la-Bruisse" title="Izon-la-Bruisse">Izon-la-Bruisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaillans" title="Jaillans">Jaillans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonch%C3%A8res" title="Jonchères">Jonchères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laborel" title="Laborel">Laborel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachau" title="Lachau">Lachau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeyrouse-Mornay" title="Lapeyrouse-Mornay">Lapeyrouse-Mornay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larnage" title="Larnage">Larnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Laupie" title="La Laupie">La Laupie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laval-d%27Aix" title="Laval-d'Aix">Laval-d'Aix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laveyron" title="Laveyron">Laveyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemps,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Lemps, Drôme">Lemps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens-Lestang" title="Lens-Lestang">Lens-Lestang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9oncel" title="Léoncel">Léoncel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesches-en-Diois" title="Lesches-en-Diois">Lesches-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livron-sur-Dr%C3%B4me" title="Livron-sur-Drôme">Livron-sur-Drôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loriol-sur-Dr%C3%B4me" title="Loriol-sur-Drôme">Loriol-sur-Drôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc-en-Diois" title="Luc-en-Diois">Luc-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lus-la-Croix-Haute" title="Lus-la-Croix-Haute">Lus-la-Croix-Haute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malataverne" title="Malataverne">Malataverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissard" title="Malissard">Malissard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Manas, Drôme">Manas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthes" title="Manthes">Manthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marches,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Marches, Drôme">Marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marg%C3%A8s" title="Margès">Margès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marignac-en-Diois" title="Marignac-en-Diois">Marignac-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsanne,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Marsanne, Drôme">Marsanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsaz" title="Marsaz">Marsaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menglon" title="Menglon">Menglon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercurol-Veaunes" title="Mercurol-Veaunes">Mercurol-Veaunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rindol-les-Oliviers" title="Mérindol-les-Oliviers">Mérindol-les-Oliviers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9vouillon" title="Mévouillon">Mévouillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabel-aux-Baronnies" title="Mirabel-aux-Baronnies">Mirabel-aux-Baronnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabel-et-Blacons" title="Mirabel-et-Blacons">Mirabel-et-Blacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirmande" title="Mirmande">Mirmande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscon" title="Miscon">Miscon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8res-Glandaz" title="Molières-Glandaz">Molières-Glandaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollans-sur-Ouv%C3%A8ze" title="Mollans-sur-Ouvèze">Mollans-sur-Ouvèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauban-sur-l%27Ouv%C3%A8ze" title="Montauban-sur-l'Ouvèze">Montauban-sur-l'Ouvèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montaulieu" title="Montaulieu">Montaulieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montboucher-sur-Jabron" title="Montboucher-sur-Jabron">Montboucher-sur-Jabron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbrison-sur-Lez" title="Montbrison-sur-Lez">Montbrison-sur-Lez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbrun-les-Bains" title="Montbrun-les-Bains">Montbrun-les-Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montchenu" title="Montchenu">Montchenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montclar-sur-Gervanne" title="Montclar-sur-Gervanne">Montclar-sur-Gervanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9l%C3%A9ger" title="Montéléger">Montéléger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9lier" title="Montélier">Montélier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9limar" title="Montélimar">Montélimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montferrand-la-Fare" title="Montferrand-la-Fare">Montferrand-la-Fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfroc" title="Montfroc">Montfroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montguers" title="Montguers">Montguers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montjoux" title="Montjoux">Montjoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montjoyer" title="Montjoyer">Montjoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montlaur-en-Diois" title="Montlaur-en-Diois">Montlaur-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmaur-en-Diois" title="Montmaur-en-Diois">Montmaur-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmeyran" title="Montmeyran">Montmeyran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmiral" title="Montmiral">Montmiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montoison" title="Montoison">Montoison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al-les-Sources" title="Montréal-les-Sources">Montréal-les-Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monts%C3%A9gur-sur-Lauzon" title="Montségur-sur-Lauzon">Montségur-sur-Lauzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montvendre" title="Montvendre">Montvendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moras-en-Valloire" title="Moras-en-Valloire">Moras-en-Valloire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornans" title="Mornans">Mornans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Motte-Chalancon" title="La Motte-Chalancon">La Motte-Chalancon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Motte-Fanjas" title="La Motte-Fanjas">La Motte-Fanjas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mours-Saint-Eus%C3%A8be" title="Mours-Saint-Eusèbe">Mours-Saint-Eusèbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyons" title="Nyons">Nyons</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombl%C3%A8ze" title="Omblèze">Omblèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcinas" title="Orcinas">Orcinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriol-en-Royans" title="Oriol-en-Royans">Oriol-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourches" title="Ourches">Ourches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnans" title="Parnans">Parnans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_P%C3%A8gue" title="Le Pègue">Le Pègue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelonne" title="Pelonne">Pelonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennes-le-Sec" title="Pennes-le-Sec">Pennes-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Penne-sur-l%27Ouv%C3%A8ze" title="La Penne-sur-l'Ouvèze">La Penne-sur-l'Ouvèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyrins" title="Peyrins">Peyrins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyrus" title="Peyrus">Peyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A9gon" title="Piégon">Piégon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%A9gros-la-Clastre" title="Piégros-la-Clastre">Piégros-la-Clastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrelatte" title="Pierrelatte">Pierrelatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrelongue" title="Pierrelongue">Pierrelongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Pilles" title="Les Pilles">Les Pilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaisians" title="Plaisians">Plaisians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan-de-Baix" title="Plan-de-Baix">Plan-de-Baix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Po%C3%ABt-C%C3%A9lard" title="Le Poët-Célard">Le Poët-Célard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Po%C3%ABt-en-Percip" title="Le Poët-en-Percip">Le Poët-en-Percip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Po%C3%ABt-Laval" title="Le Poët-Laval">Le Poët-Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Po%C3%ABt-Sigillat" title="Le Poët-Sigillat">Le Poët-Sigillat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommerol" title="Pommerol">Pommerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponet-et-Saint-Auban" title="Ponet-et-Saint-Auban">Ponet-et-Saint-Auban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponsas" title="Ponsas">Ponsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontaix" title="Pontaix">Pontaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-de-Barret" title="Pont-de-Barret">Pont-de-Barret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-de-l%27Is%C3%A8re" title="Pont-de-l'Isère">Pont-de-l'Isère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portes-en-Valdaine" title="Portes-en-Valdaine">Portes-en-Valdaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portes-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Portes-lès-Valence">Portes-lès-Valence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poyols" title="Poyols">Poyols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradelle,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Pradelle, Drôme">Pradelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Pr%C3%A9s" title="Les Prés">Les Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiac" title="Propiac">Propiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puygiron" title="Puygiron">Puygiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puy-Saint-Martin" title="Puy-Saint-Martin">Puy-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati%C3%A8res" title="Ratières">Ratières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9auville" title="Réauville">Réauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoubeau-Jansac" title="Recoubeau-Jansac">Recoubeau-Jansac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reilhanette" title="Reilhanette">Reilhanette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9muzat" title="Rémuzat">Rémuzat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9para-Auriples" title="La Répara-Auriples">La Répara-Auriples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimon-et-Savel" title="Rimon-et-Savel">Rimon-et-Savel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rioms" title="Rioms">Rioms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochebaudin" title="Rochebaudin">Rochebaudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochebrune,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Rochebrune, Drôme">Rochebrune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochechinard" title="Rochechinard">Rochechinard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-de-Glun" title="La Roche-de-Glun">La Roche-de-Glun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochefort-en-Valdaine" title="Rochefort-en-Valdaine">Rochefort-en-Valdaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochefort-Samson" title="Rochefort-Samson">Rochefort-Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochefourchat" title="Rochefourchat">Rochefourchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochegude,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Rochegude, Drôme">Rochegude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche-Saint-Secret-B%C3%A9conne" title="Roche-Saint-Secret-Béconne">Roche-Saint-Secret-Béconne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-Grane" title="La Roche-sur-Grane">La Roche-sur-Grane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-sur-le-Buis" title="La Roche-sur-le-Buis">La Roche-sur-le-Buis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rochette-du-Buis" title="La Rochette-du-Buis">La Rochette-du-Buis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans-sur-Is%C3%A8re" title="Romans-sur-Isère">Romans-sur-Isère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeyer" title="Romeyer">Romeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottier" title="Rottier">Rottier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussas" title="Roussas">Roussas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rousset-les-Vignes" title="Rousset-les-Vignes">Rousset-les-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roussieux" title="Roussieux">Roussieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roynac" title="Roynac">Roynac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahune" title="Sahune">Sahune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saillans,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Saillans, Drôme">Saillans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors" title="Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors">Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-And%C3%A9ol,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Saint-Andéol, Drôme">Saint-Andéol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Auban-sur-l%27Ouv%C3%A8ze" title="Saint-Auban-sur-l'Ouvèze">Saint-Auban-sur-l'Ouvèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Avit,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Saint-Avit, Drôme">Saint-Avit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bardoux" title="Saint-Bardoux">Saint-Bardoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy-de-Vals" title="Saint-Barthélemy-de-Vals">Saint-Barthélemy-de-Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Benoit-en-Diois" title="Saint-Benoit-en-Diois">Saint-Benoit-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Christophe-et-le-Laris" title="Saint-Christophe-et-le-Laris">Saint-Christophe-et-le-Laris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Dizier-en-Diois" title="Saint-Dizier-en-Diois">Saint-Dizier-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Donat-sur-l%27Herbasse" title="Saint-Donat-sur-l'Herbasse">Saint-Donat-sur-l'Herbasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Croix,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Sainte-Croix, Drôme">Sainte-Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Eulalie-en-Royans" title="Sainte-Eulalie-en-Royans">Sainte-Eulalie-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Euph%C3%A9mie-sur-Ouv%C3%A8ze" title="Sainte-Euphémie-sur-Ouvèze">Sainte-Euphémie-sur-Ouvèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Jalle" title="Sainte-Jalle">Sainte-Jalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ferr%C3%A9ol-Trente-Pas" title="Saint-Ferréol-Trente-Pas">Saint-Ferréol-Trente-Pas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais-sur-Roubion" title="Saint-Gervais-sur-Roubion">Saint-Gervais-sur-Roubion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Galaure" title="Saint-Jean-de-Galaure">Saint-Jean-de-Galaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-en-Royans" title="Saint-Jean-en-Royans">Saint-Jean-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-en-Quint" title="Saint-Julien-en-Quint">Saint-Julien-en-Quint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-en-Vercors" title="Saint-Julien-en-Vercors">Saint-Julien-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-d%27Onay" title="Saint-Laurent-d'Onay">Saint-Laurent-d'Onay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-en-Royans" title="Saint-Laurent-en-Royans">Saint-Laurent-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcel-l%C3%A8s-Sauzet" title="Saint-Marcel-lès-Sauzet">Saint-Marcel-lès-Sauzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcel-l%C3%A8s-Valence" title="Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence">Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%27Ao%C3%BBt" title="Saint-Martin-d'Août">Saint-Martin-d'Août</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-en-Vercors" title="Saint-Martin-en-Vercors">Saint-Martin-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Colonel" title="Saint-Martin-le-Colonel">Saint-Martin-le-Colonel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-sur-Eygues" title="Saint-Maurice-sur-Eygues">Saint-Maurice-sur-Eygues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-May" title="Saint-May">Saint-May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-sur-Savasse" title="Saint-Michel-sur-Savasse">Saint-Michel-sur-Savasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire-en-Royans" title="Saint-Nazaire-en-Royans">Saint-Nazaire-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire-le-D%C3%A9sert" title="Saint-Nazaire-le-Désert">Saint-Nazaire-le-Désert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pantal%C3%A9on-les-Vignes" title="Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes">Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-l%C3%A8s-Romans" title="Saint-Paul-lès-Romans">Saint-Paul-lès-Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-Trois-Ch%C3%A2teaux" title="Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux">Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Rambert-d%27Albon" title="Saint-Rambert-d'Albon">Saint-Rambert-d'Albon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Restitut" title="Saint-Restitut">Saint-Restitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roman" title="Saint-Roman">Saint-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-en-Diois" title="Saint-Sauveur-en-Diois">Saint-Sauveur-en-Diois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-Gouvernet" title="Saint-Sauveur-Gouvernet">Saint-Sauveur-Gouvernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sorlin-en-Valloire" title="Saint-Sorlin-en-Valloire">Saint-Sorlin-en-Valloire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Thomas-en-Royans" title="Saint-Thomas-en-Royans">Saint-Thomas-en-Royans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Uze" title="Saint-Uze">Saint-Uze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vallier,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Saint-Vallier, Drôme">Saint-Vallier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vincent-la-Commanderie" title="Saint-Vincent-la-Commanderie">Saint-Vincent-la-Commanderie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salettes,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Salettes, Drôme">Salettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salles-sous-Bois" title="Salles-sous-Bois">Salles-sous-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saou" title="Saou">Saou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulce-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Saulce-sur-Rhône">Saulce-sur-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauzet,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Sauzet, Drôme">Sauzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savasse" title="Savasse">Savasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9deron" title="Séderon">Séderon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serves-sur-Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Serves-sur-Rhône">Serves-sur-Rhône</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol%C3%A9rieux" title="Solérieux">Solérieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souspierre" title="Souspierre">Souspierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyans" title="Soyans">Soyans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suze,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Suze, Drôme">Suze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suze-la-Rousse" title="Suze-la-Rousse">Suze-la-Rousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tain-l%27Hermitage" title="Tain-l'Hermitage">Tain-l'Hermitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulignan" title="Taulignan">Taulignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tersanne" title="Tersanne">Tersanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teyssi%C3%A8res" title="Teyssières">Teyssières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Tonils" title="Les Tonils">Les Tonils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Touche,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="La Touche, Drôme">La Touche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Tourrettes" title="Les Tourrettes">Les Tourrettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triors" title="Triors">Triors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truinas" title="Truinas">Truinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulette" title="Tulette">Tulette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upie" title="Upie">Upie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vach%C3%A8res-en-Quint" title="Vachères-en-Quint">Vachères-en-Quint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaurie" title="Valaurie">Valaurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdr%C3%B4me" title="Valdrôme">Valdrôme</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valence</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valherbasse" title="Valherbasse">Valherbasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-Maravel" title="Val-Maravel">Val-Maravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valouse" title="Valouse">Valouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassieux-en-Vercors" title="Vassieux-en-Vercors">Vassieux-en-Vercors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaunaveys-la-Rochette" title="Vaunaveys-la-Rochette">Vaunaveys-la-Rochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venterol,_Dr%C3%B4me" title="Venterol, Drôme">Venterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vercheny" title="Vercheny">Vercheny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verclause" title="Verclause">Verclause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vercoiran" title="Vercoiran">Vercoiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vers-sur-M%C3%A9ouge" title="Vers-sur-Méouge">Vers-sur-Méouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesc" title="Vesc">Vesc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villebois-les-Pins" title="Villebois-les-Pins">Villebois-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villefranche-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Villefranche-le-Château">Villefranche-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeperdrix" title="Villeperdrix">Villeperdrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinsobres" title="Vinsobres">Vinsobres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvent" title="Volvent">Volvent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8848#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1428" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8848#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1428" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8848#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11146030574635861686">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1313181/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk4HHPj7qmTTC7QXYWbh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4119350-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81101041">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15253222t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15253222t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX456980">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552753705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/9828e130-c29c-4bb3-a248-0b3a5970d76e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/167718">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030599709">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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\u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","80","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","4.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","4.9"],["chunk \u003CModule:Check_for_unknown_parameters\u003E","40","2.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","40","2.4"],["[others]","340","20.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-55789575cb-2h28s","timestamp":"20250327091914","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Valence, Dr\u00f4me","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valence,_Dr%C3%B4me","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8848","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8848","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-12-01T01:18:40Z","dateModified":"2025-03-27T09:18:10Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d8\/Valence_depuis_Crussol_%2802%29-002.jpg","headline":"French commune in Dr\u00f4me"}</script> </body> </html>