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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Thuộc_tính" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thuộc_tính"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Thuộc tính</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thuộc_tính-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lịch_sử" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lịch_sử"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lịch sử</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lịch_sử-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ứng_dụng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ứng_dụng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ứng dụng</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ứng_dụng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sự_phổ_biến" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sự_phổ_biến"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sự phổ biến</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sự_phổ_biến-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sản_xuất" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sản_xuất"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sản xuất</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sản_xuất-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Làm_tinh_khiết" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Làm_tinh_khiết"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Làm tinh khiết</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Làm_tinh_khiết-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Hiện/ẩn mục Làm tinh khiết</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Làm_tinh_khiết-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phương_pháp_vật_lý" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phương_pháp_vật_lý"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Phương pháp vật lý</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phương_pháp_vật_lý-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phương_pháp_hóa_học" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phương_pháp_hóa_học"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Phương pháp hóa học</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phương_pháp_hóa_học-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tinh_thể_hóa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tinh_thể_hóa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tinh thể hóa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tinh_thể_hóa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Đồng_vị" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Đồng_vị"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Đồng vị</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Đồng_vị-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cảnh_báo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cảnh_báo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cảnh báo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cảnh_báo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mục lục" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Silic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 168 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-168" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">168 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Đức (Thụy Sĩ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức (Thụy Sĩ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B2%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%A8%E1%8A%95" title="ሲልከን – Tiếng Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሲልከን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – Tiếng Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="huy hiệu bài viết chọn lọc"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="سيليكون – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيليكون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – Tiếng Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Սիղիկիոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սիղիկիոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – Tiếng Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – Tiếng Asturias" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Asturias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – Tiếng Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepotiat%C3%A3" title="Kuarepotiatã – Tiếng Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepotiatã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Silisium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86" title="سیلیکون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیلیکون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8" title="সিলিকন – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিলিকন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Ke-sò͘ – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ke-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Крэмній – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крэмній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BD" title="Крэмн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крэмн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकॉन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिलिकॉन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%AD%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="སྭི་ལི་ཀོན། – Tiếng Tây Tạng" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྭི་ལི་ཀོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Tạng" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikiom" title="Silikiom – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Silikiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Силиций – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Силиций" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8E%D1%83%D1%80" title="Сахюур – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сахюур" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliko" title="Siliko – Tiếng Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siliko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99em%C3%ADk" title="Křemík – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křemík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – Tiếng Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – Tiếng Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سيليسيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سيليسيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ސިލިކަން – Tiếng Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސިލިކަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ni" title="Räni – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Räni" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πυρίτιο – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρίτιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silizio" title="Silizio – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Silizio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سیلیسیم – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیلیسیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – Tiếng Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – Tiếng Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileacan" title="Sileacan – Tiếng Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sileacan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicoin" title="Silicoin – Tiếng Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Silicoin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sileacon" title="Sileacon – Tiếng Gael Scotland" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sileacon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gael Scotland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – Tiếng Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="સિલિકોન – Tiếng Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિલિકોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt" title="Si̍t – Tiếng Khách Gia" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Si̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khách Gia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%99%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Цәкүр – Tiếng Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цәкүр" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%9C%EC%86%8C" title="규소 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="규소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikone" title="Silikone – Tiếng Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Silikone" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Սիլիցիում – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիլիցիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकॉन – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिलिकॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliko" title="Siliko – Tiếng Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Siliko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khoa Học Quốc Tế" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISiphemba" title="ISiphemba – Tiếng Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISiphemba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADsill" title="Kísill – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kísill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="צורן – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צורן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%A9l%C9%A9s%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Sɩlɩsɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɩlɩsɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ – Tiếng Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სილიციუმი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სილიციუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Cornwall" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Cornwall" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikoni" title="Silikoni – Tiếng Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Silikoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisy%C3%B2m" title="Silisyòm – Tiếng Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Silisyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEl%C3%AEsy%C3%BBm" title="Sîlîsyûm – Tiếng Kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîlîsyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C4%ABcijs" title="Silīcijs – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Silīcijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silizium" title="Silizium – Tiếng Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Silizium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicis" title="Silicis – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Silicis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili%C3%A7io" title="Siliçio – Tiếng Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Siliçio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pii" title="Pii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cancmu" title="cancmu – Tiếng Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cancmu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – Tiếng Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szil%C3%ADcium" title="Szilícium – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szilícium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Силициум – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Силициум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisi%C3%B4ma" title="Silisiôma – Tiếng Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Silisiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BA" title="സിലിക്കൺ – Tiếng Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിലിക്കൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takawai" title="Takawai – Tiếng Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Takawai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकॉन – Tiếng Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिलिकॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="سيليكون – Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيليكون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập Ai Cập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ – Tiếng Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ADk_(ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3)" title="Sĭk (nguòng-só) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĭk (nguòng-só)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%80" title="Цахиур – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахиур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဆီလီကွန် – Tiếng Miến Điện" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆီလီကွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Miến Điện" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecpatepozteuh" title="Tecpatepozteuh – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tecpatepozteuh" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – Tiếng Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – Tiếng Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="ケイ素 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケイ素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliitsium" title="Siliitsium – Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siliitsium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Silisium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Silisium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Silisium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – Tiếng Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%A8" title="ସିଲିକନ – Tiếng Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିଲିକନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremniy" title="Kremniy – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kremniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਿਲੀਕਾਨ – Tiếng Punjab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਲੀਕਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Punjab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – Tiếng Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلیکان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلیکان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="သီလီကွန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သီလီကွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سليکان – Tiếng Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سليکان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikan" title="Silikan – Tiếng Anh Jamaica Creole" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Silikan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh Jamaica Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silissi" title="Silissi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Silissi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silizium" title="Silizium – Tiếng Hạ Đức" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Silizium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hạ Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzem" title="Krzem – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Silício" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullayayaq" title="Ullayayaq – Tiếng Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ullayayaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="सिलिकन – Tiếng Phạn" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिलिकन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phạn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱ – Tiếng Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sil%C3%ACtziu" title="Silìtziu – Tiếng Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Silìtziu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seelicon" title="Seelicon – Tiếng Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Seelicon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Silicium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silici" title="Silici – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Silici" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu – Tiếng Sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Siliciu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="සිලිකන් – Tiếng Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිලිකන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Silicon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سليڪان – Tiếng Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سليڪان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krem%C3%ADk" title="Kremík – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kremík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikoon" title="Silikoon – Tiếng Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Silikoon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86" title="سیلیکۆن – Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیلیکۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Силицијум – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Силицијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Silicij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pii_(alkuaine)" title="Pii (alkuaine) – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pii (alkuaine)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisel" title="Kisel – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kisel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon – Tiếng Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Silikon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சிலிக்கான் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிலிக்கான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кремний – Tiếng Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кремний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="సిలికాన్ – Tiếng Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిలికాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ซิลิคอน – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิลิคอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Силисий – Tiếng Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Силисий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silisyum" title="Silisyum – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silisyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Кремній – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кремній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیلیکان – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیلیکان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A" title="سىلىتسىي – Tiếng Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سىلىتسىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gveih" title="Gveih – Tiếng Choang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gveih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Choang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%82icio" title="Siłicio – Tiếng Veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siłicio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ola" title="Ola – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ola" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silikin" title="Silikin – Tiếng Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Silikin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="硅" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio – Tiếng Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Silicio" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="硅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="סיליציום – Tiếng Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סיליציום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADl%C3%ADk%E1%BB%8D%CC%81n%C3%B9" title="Sílíkọ́nù – Tiếng Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sílíkọ́nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" title="矽 – Tiếng Quảng Đông" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="矽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quảng Đông" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q670#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Silic" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Silic" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Silic"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=history"><span>Xem lịch sử</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chung </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Silic" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Silic" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&oldid=72094801" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Silic&id=72094801&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilic"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSilic"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Silic"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Silic&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Silicon" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q670" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72032465">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox--nowrap-label :not(.infobox-row--wrap-label)>.infobox-label{white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#cccc99; padding-bottom: 8px;">Silic, <sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">14</span></sub>Si</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:SiliconCroda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/SiliconCroda.jpg/220px-SiliconCroda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/SiliconCroda.jpg/330px-SiliconCroda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/SiliconCroda.jpg/440px-SiliconCroda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="727" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Silicon_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Silicon_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Silicon_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Silicon_spectrum_visible.png/330px-Silicon_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Silicon_spectrum_visible.png/440px-Silicon_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Quang_ph%E1%BB%95_v%E1%BA%A1ch" class="mw-redirect" title="Quang phổ vạch">Quang phổ vạch</a> của silic</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cccc99">Tính chất chung</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tên, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BD_hi%E1%BB%87u_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ký hiệu hóa học">ký hiệu</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Silic, Si</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Phiên âm</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' trong 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' trong 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' trong 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' trong 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' trong 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' trong 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' trong 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SIL</span>-ə-kən</i></a>)<br /><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' trong 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' trong 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' trong 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' trong 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' trong 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' trong 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' trong 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" class="extiw" title="en:Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SIL</span>-ə-kon</i></a>) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hình dạng</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Ánh kim xám sẫm ánh xanh</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cccc99">Silic trong <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn">bảng tuần hoàn</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Hydro (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli (noble gas)"><img alt="Heli (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi (alkali metal)"><img alt="Lithi (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beryli" title="Beryli (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Beryli (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor (metalloid)"><img alt="Bor (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nit%C6%A1" title="Nitơ (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Nitơ (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Oxy (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Fluor (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon (noble gas)"><img alt="Neon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Natri" title="Natri (alkali metal)"><img alt="Natri (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Magnesi (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B4m" title="Nhôm (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Nhôm (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Silic" title="Silic (metalloid)"><img alt="Silic (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Phosphor (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0u_hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Lưu huỳnh (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Lưu huỳnh (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Chlor (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon (noble gas)"><img alt="Argon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali (alkali metal)"><img alt="Kali (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Calci" title="Calci (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Calci (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scandi" title="Scandi (transition metal)"><img alt="Scandi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani (transition metal)"><img alt="Titani (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi (transition metal)"><img alt="Vanadi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom (transition metal)"><img alt="Chrom (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan (transition metal)"><img alt="Mangan (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Sắt (transition metal)"><img alt="Sắt (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt (transition metal)"><img alt="Cobalt (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel (transition metal)"><img alt="Nickel (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng (transition metal)"><img alt="Đồng (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BA%BDm" title="Kẽm (transition metal)"><img alt="Kẽm (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gali" title="Gali (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Gali (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani (metalloid)"><img alt="Germani (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic (metalloid)"><img alt="Arsenic (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#a1ffc3;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Seleni" title="Seleni (polyatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Seleni (polyatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Brom (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton (noble gas)"><img alt="Krypton (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi (alkali metal)"><img alt="Rubidi (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stronti" title="Stronti (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Stronti (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yttri" title="Yttri (transition metal)"><img alt="Yttri (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi (transition metal)"><img alt="Zirconi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi (transition metal)"><img alt="Niobi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Molypden" title="Molypden (transition metal)"><img alt="Molypden (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Techneti" title="Techneti (transition metal)"><img alt="Techneti (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni (transition metal)"><img alt="Rutheni (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rhodi" title="Rhodi (transition metal)"><img alt="Rhodi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paladi" title="Paladi (transition metal)"><img alt="Paladi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c" title="Bạc (transition metal)"><img alt="Bạc (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cadmi" title="Cadmi (transition metal)"><img alt="Cadmi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indi" title="Indi (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Indi (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BA%BFc" title="Thiếc (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Thiếc (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon (metalloid)"><img alt="Antimon (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Teluri" title="Teluri (metalloid)"><img alt="Teluri (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Iod (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon (noble gas)"><img alt="Xenon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none"> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Caesi" title="Caesi (alkali metal)"><img alt="Caesi (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Bari (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan (lanthanide)"><img alt="Lantan (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri (lanthanide)"><img alt="Ceri (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi" title="Praseodymi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Praseodymi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Neodymi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Promethi" title="Promethi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Promethi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Samari" title="Samari (lanthanide)"><img alt="Samari (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Europi" title="Europi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Europi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini (lanthanide)"><img alt="Gadolini (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Terbi" title="Terbi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Terbi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosi" title="Dysprosi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Dysprosi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holmi" title="Holmi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Holmi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Erbi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium (lanthanide)"><img alt="Thulium (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbi" title="Ytterbi (lanthanide)"><img alt="Ytterbi (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffbfff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luteti" title="Luteti (lanthanide)"><img alt="Luteti (lanthanide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hafni" title="Hafni (transition metal)"><img 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rheni" title="Rheni (transition metal)"><img alt="Rheni (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi (transition metal)"><img alt="Osmi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iridi" title="Iridi (transition metal)"><img alt="Iridi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin (transition metal)"><img alt="Platin (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A0ng" title="Vàng (transition metal)"><img alt="Vàng (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%B7_ng%C3%A2n" title="Thuỷ ngân (transition metal)"><img alt="Thuỷ ngân (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thali" title="Thali (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Thali (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AC" title="Chì (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Chì (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Bismuth (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccc99;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni (metalloid)"><img alt="Poloni (metalloid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e7ff8f;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin (diatomic nonmetal)"><img alt="Astatin (diatomic nonmetal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#c0ffff;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon (noble gas)"><img alt="Radon (noble gas)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff6666;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Franci" title="Franci (alkali metal)"><img alt="Franci (alkali metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffdead;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Radi" title="Radi (alkaline earth metal)"><img alt="Radi (alkaline earth metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Actini" title="Actini (actinide)"><img alt="Actini (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thori" title="Thori (actinide)"><img alt="Thori (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini (actinide)"><img alt="Protactini (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Urani" title="Urani (actinide)"><img alt="Urani (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Neptuni" title="Neptuni (actinide)"><img alt="Neptuni (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plutoni" title="Plutoni (actinide)"><img alt="Plutoni (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americi" title="Americi (actinide)"><img alt="Americi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium (actinide)"><img alt="Curium (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkeli" title="Berkeli (actinide)"><img alt="Berkeli (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Californi" title="Californi (actinide)"><img alt="Californi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Einsteini" title="Einsteini (actinide)"><img alt="Einsteini (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi (actinide)"><img alt="Fermi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevi" title="Mendelevi (actinide)"><img alt="Mendelevi (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nobeli" title="Nobeli (actinide)"><img alt="Nobeli (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ff99cc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lawrenci" title="Lawrenci (actinide)"><img alt="Lawrenci (actinide)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordi" title="Rutherfordi (transition metal)"><img alt="Rutherfordi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dubni" title="Dubni (transition metal)"><img alt="Dubni (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgi" title="Seaborgi (transition metal)"><img alt="Seaborgi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bohri" title="Bohri (transition metal)"><img alt="Bohri (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hassi" title="Hassi (transition metal)"><img alt="Hassi (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meitneri" title="Meitneri (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Meitneri (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadti" title="Darmstadti (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Darmstadti (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeni" title="Roentgeni (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Roentgeni (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#ffc0c0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Copernici" title="Copernici (transition metal)"><img alt="Copernici (transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nihoni" title="Nihoni (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Nihoni (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#cccccc;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flerovi" title="Flerovi (post-transition metal)"><img alt="Flerovi (post-transition metal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moscovi" title="Moscovi (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Moscovi (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Livermori (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td> <td style="border:none"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:6px; height:8px; z-index:2; padding:0; background-color:#e8e8e8;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)"><img alt="Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>Si</b></span><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">Ge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B4m" title="Nhôm">Nhôm</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silic</a></b></span> → <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">Phosphor</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Số nguyên tử">Số nguyên tử</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyên tử lượng">Khối lượng nguyên tử chuẩn</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68144546">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><abbr title="giá trị gần đúng">(±)</abbr></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68144546" /><span class="nobold"> (<i>A</i><sub>r</sub>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">28,0855(3) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Phân loại</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span title="color legend: á kim" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#cccc99"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81_kim" title="Á kim">á kim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Nhóm (bảng tuần hoàn)">Nhóm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_l%E1%BB%9Bp_(v%E1%BB%8F_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD)" title="Phân lớp (vỏ nguyên tử)">phân lớp</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_14" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 14">14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_l%E1%BB%9Bp_(v%E1%BB%8F_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD)_p" class="mw-redirect" title="Phân lớp (vỏ nguyên tử) p">p</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_(b%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n)" title="Chu kỳ (bảng tuần hoàn)">Chu kỳ</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 3">Chu kỳ 3</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_h%C3%ACnh_electron" title="Cấu hình electron">Cấu hình electron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>2</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:1em; font-weight:normal;">mỗi lớp</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cccc99">Tính chất vật lý</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A0u_s%E1%BA%AFc" title="Màu sắc">Màu sắc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Ánh kim xám sẫm ánh xanh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trạng thái vật chất">Trạng thái vật chất</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Chất rắn">Chất rắn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt độ nóng chảy">Nhiệt độ nóng chảy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">1687 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1414 °C, 2577 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_bay_h%C6%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhiệt độ bay hơi">Nhiệt độ sôi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ri%C3%AAng" title="Khối lượng riêng">Mật độ</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">2,3290 <a href="/wiki/Gam_tr%C3%AAn_centimet_kh%E1%BB%91i" title="Gam trên centimet khối">g<b>·</b>cm<sup><small>−3</small></sup></a> <span class="nowrap">(ở 0 °C, 101.325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(%C4%91%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B)" title="Pascal (đơn vị)">kPa</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mật độ ở thể lỏng</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">ở nhiệt độ nóng chảy: 2,57 g<b>·</b>cm<sup><small>−3</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt nóng chảy">Nhiệt lượng nóng chảy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">50.21 <a href="/wiki/Joule_tr%C3%AAn_mol" title="Joule trên mol">kJ<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup></a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_bay_h%C6%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhiệt bay hơi">Nhiệt bay hơi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">359 kJ<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_dung" title="Nhiệt dung">Nhiệt dung</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">19,789 J<b>·</b>mol<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81p_su%E1%BA%A5t_h%C6%A1i" title="Áp suất hơi"><b>Áp suất hơi</b></a> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>P (Pa) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr> <td>ở T (K) </td> <td>1908 </td> <td>2102 </td> <td>2339 </td> <td>2636 </td> <td>3021 </td> <td>3537 </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cccc99">Tính chất nguyên tử</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_oxy_h%C3%B3a" title="Trạng thái oxy hóa">Trạng thái oxy hóa</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="nowrap"><b>4</b>, 3, 2, 1<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -1, -2, -3, -4</span> Lưỡng tính</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_%C3%A2m_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Độ âm điện">Độ âm điện</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">1,90 (Thang Pauling) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ion_h%C3%B3a" title="Năng lượng ion hóa">Năng lượng ion hóa</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Thứ nhất: 786,5 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />Thứ hai: 1577,1 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><br />Thứ ba: 3231,6 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADnh_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A1_tr%E1%BB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="Bán kính cộng hoá trị">Bán kính cộng hoá trị</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">thực nghiệm: <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E-10 m (trang không tồn tại)">111</a> <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4m%C3%A9t" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômét">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADnh_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_c%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B3a_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Bán kính liên kết cộng hóa trị">Bán kính liên kết cộng hóa trị</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E-10 m (trang không tồn tại)">111</a> pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADnh_van_der_Waals" title="Bán kính van der Waals">Bán kính van der Waals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E-10_m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E-10 m (trang không tồn tại)">210</a> pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cccc99">Thông tin khác</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_tinh_th%E1%BB%83" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể">Cấu trúc tinh thể</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_tinh_th%E1%BB%83_l%E1%BA%ADp_ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Hệ tinh thể lập phương">Lập phương</a><div style="float:right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Cubic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cấu trúc tinh thể Lập phương của Silic"><img alt="Cấu trúc tinh thể Lập phương của Silic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/60px-Cubic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/75px-Cubic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/100px-Cubic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADn_t%E1%BB%91c_%C3%A2m_thanh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vận tốc âm thanh">Vận tốc âm thanh</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">que mỏng: 8433 m<b>·</b>s<sup><small>−1</small></sup> (ở 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_gi%C3%A3n_n%E1%BB%9F_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Độ giãn nở nhiệt">Độ giãn nở nhiệt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">2,6 µm<b>·</b>m<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup> (ở 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_d%E1%BA%ABn_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Độ dẫn nhiệt">Độ dẫn nhiệt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">149 W<b>·</b>m<sup><small>−1</small></sup><b>·</b>K<sup><small>−1</small></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tr%E1%BB%9F_su%E1%BA%A5t" class="mw-redirect" title="Điện trở suất">Điện trở suất</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">ở 20 °C: 10<sup>3</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ω<b>·</b>m </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Từ học">Tính chất từ</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%8Bch_t%E1%BB%AB" title="Nghịch từ">Nghịch từ</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Mô đun Young">Mô đun Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">185<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_c%E1%BA%AFt" title="Mô đun cắt">Mô đun cắt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">52<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4_%C4%91un_kh%E1%BB%91i" title="Mô đun khối">Mô đun khối</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">100 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_s%E1%BB%91_Poisson" title="Hệ số Poisson">Hệ số Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">0,28<sup id="cite_ref-ioffe_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioffe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thang_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_c%E1%BB%A9ng_Mohs" title="Thang độ cứng Mohs">Độ cứng theo thang Mohs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">7 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C4%83ng_k%C3%BD_CAS" title="Số đăng ký CAS">Số đăng ký CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">7440-21-3 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#cccc99">Đồng vị ổn định nhất</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Bài chính: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_c%E1%BB%A7a_Silic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Đồng vị của Silic (trang không tồn tại)">Đồng vị của Silic</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Đồng vị">Iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_phong_ph%C3%BA_t%E1%BB%B1_nhi%C3%AAn_c%E1%BB%A7a_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sự phong phú tự nhiên của đồng vị (trang không tồn tại)">NA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_b%C3%A1n_r%C3%A3" title="Chu kỳ bán rã">Chu kỳ bán rã</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1" title="Phóng xạ">DM</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Năng lượng phân rã">DE</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">MeV</a>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%A3n_ph%E1%BA%A9m_ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3" title="Sản phẩm phân rã">DP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>28</sup>Si </td> <td>92.23% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>28</sup>Si ổn định với 14 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>29</sup>Si </td> <td>4.67% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>29</sup>Si ổn định với 15 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>30</sup>Si </td> <td>3.1% </td> <td colspan="4"><sup>30</sup>Si ổn định với 16 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>32</sup>Si </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B_ph%C3%B3ng_x%E1%BA%A1_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Đồng vị phóng xạ tổng hợp">Tổng hợp</a> </td> <td>170 <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83m" title="Năm">năm</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_r%C3%A3_beta" title="Phân rã beta">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td>13.020 </td> <td><sup>32</sup><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Silic</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh" title="Tiếng Anh">Tiếng Anh</a>: <i>silicon</i>) là một <a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nguyên tố hóa học">nguyên tố hóa học</a> trong <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn">bảng tuần hoàn nguyên tố</a> có ký hiệu <b>Si</b> và <a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Số nguyên tử">số nguyên tử</a> bằng 14 </p><p>Nó là nguyên tố phổ biến sau <a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy">oxy</a> trong <a href="/wiki/V%E1%BB%8F_Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Vỏ Trái Đất">vỏ Trái Đất</a> (25,8 %), cứng, có màu xám sẫm - ánh xanh kim loại, là <a href="/wiki/%C3%81_kim" title="Á kim">á kim</a> có hóa trị +4. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thuộc_tính"><span id="Thu.E1.BB.99c_t.C3.ADnh"></span>Thuộc tính</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Thuộc tính”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Thuộc tính"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trong dạng tinh thể, silic có màu xám sẫm ánh kim. Mặc dù là một nguyên tố tương đối trơ, silic vẫn có phản ứng với các <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> và các chất kiềm loãng, nhưng phần lớn <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a> (trừ tổ hợp <a href="/wiki/Acid_nitric" title="Acid nitric">acid nitric</a> và <a href="/wiki/Acid_hydrofluoric" title="Acid hydrofluoric">acid flohiđric</a>) không tác dụng với nó. Silic nguyên tố truyền khoảng hơn 95% các bước sóng hồng ngoại. Tinh thể silic nguyên chất hiếm tìm thấy trong tự nhiên, thông thường nó nằm trong dạng <a href="/wiki/Silic_dioxide" title="Silic dioxide">silic dioxide</a> (SiO<sub>2</sub>). Các tinh thể silic nguyên chất tìm thấy trong tạp chất của <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A0ng" title="Vàng">vàng</a> hay <a href="/wiki/Dung_nham" title="Dung nham">dung nham</a> núi lửa. Nó có hệ số kháng nhiệt âm. </p><p>Silic hoạt động hóa học kém hơn <a href="/wiki/Cacbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacbon">cacbon</a> là nguyên tố tương tự nó về mặt hóa học. Nó có trong <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t_s%C3%A9t" title="Đất sét">đất sét</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldspat">fenspat</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A1_hoa_c%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đá hoa cương">granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_anh" title="Thạch anh">thạch anh</a> và <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1t" title="Cát">cát</a>, chủ yếu trong dạng <a href="/wiki/Silic_dioxide" title="Silic dioxide">dioxide silic</a> (hay silica) và các <a href="/wiki/Silicat" title="Silicat">silicat</a> (Các hợp chất chứa silic, oxy và kim loại trong dạng R-SiO<sub>3</sub>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lịch_sử"><span id="L.E1.BB.8Bch_s.E1.BB.AD"></span>Lịch sử</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Lịch sử”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Lịch sử"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silic (tên <a href="/wiki/Latinh" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinh">Latinh</a>: <i>silex</i>, <i>silicis</i> có nghĩa là <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A1_l%E1%BB%ADa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Đá lửa">đá lửa</a>) lần đầu tiên được nhận ra bởi <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> năm <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a>, và sau đó đã bị <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> vào năm <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a> cho là hợp chất. Năm <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gay_Lussac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gay Lussac (trang không tồn tại)">Gay Lussac</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9nard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thénard (trang không tồn tại)">Thénard</a> có lẽ đã điều chế ra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_h%C3%ACnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silic vô định hình (trang không tồn tại)">silic vô định hình</a> không nguyên chất khi nung nóng <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">kali</a> với <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraflorua_silic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraflorua silic (trang không tồn tại)">tetraflorua silic</a> SiF<sub>4</sub>. Năm <a href="/wiki/1824" title="1824">1824</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berzelius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berzelius (trang không tồn tại)">Berzelius</a> điều chế <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_h%C3%ACnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silic vô định hình (trang không tồn tại)">silic vô định hình</a> sử dụng phương pháp giống như của Lussac. Berzelius cũng đã làm tinh khiết sản phẩm bằng cách rửa nó nhiều lần. </p><p>Vì silic là nguyên tố quan trọng trong các thiết bị bán dẫn và công nghệ cao, nên khu vực công nghệ cao ở <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> được đặt tên là <i>Silicon Valley</i> (Thung lũng Silicon), tức đặt tên theo nguyên tố này. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ứng_dụng"><span id=".E1.BB.A8ng_d.E1.BB.A5ng"></span>Ứng dụng</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Ứng dụng”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Ứng dụng"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silic là nguyên tố rất có ích, là cực kỳ cần thiết trong nhiều ngành công nghiệp. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dioxide_silic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dioxide silic (trang không tồn tại)">Dioxide silic</a> trong dạng cát và đất sét là thành phần quan trọng trong chế tạo <a href="/wiki/B%C3%AA_t%C3%B4ng" title="Bê tông">bê tông</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%E1%BA%A1ch_(h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gạch (hóa học) (trang không tồn tại)">gạch</a> cũng như trong sản xuất <a href="/wiki/Xi_m%C4%83ng_Portland" title="Xi măng Portland">xi măng Portland</a>. Silic là nguyên tố rất quan trọng cho thực vật và động vật. Silica dạng nhị nguyên tử phân lập từ nước để tạo ra lớp vỏ bảo vệ <a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%BF_b%C3%A0o" title="Tế bào">tế bào</a>. Các ứng dụng khác có: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%BB%91m" title="Gốm">Gốm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Men_g%E1%BB%91m" title="Men gốm">men sứ</a> - Là <a href="/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_li%E1%BB%87u_ch%E1%BB%8Bu_l%E1%BB%ADa" title="Vật liệu chịu lửa">vật liệu chịu lửa</a> sử dụng trong sản xuất các vật liệu chịu lửa và các silicat của nó được sử dụng trong sản xuất men sứ và đồ gốm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9p" title="Thép">Thép</a> - Silic là thành phần quan trọng trong một số loại thép.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_thau" title="Đồng thau">Đồng thau</a> - Phần lớn đồng thau được sản xuất có chứa <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_kim" title="Hợp kim">hợp kim</a> của <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng">đồng</a> với silic.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%A7y_tinh_(h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thủy tinh (hóa học) (trang không tồn tại)">Thủy tinh</a> - Silica từ cát là thành phần cơ bản của thủy tinh. Thủy tinh có thể sản xuất thành nhiều chủng loại đồ vật với những thuộc tính lý học khác nhau. Silica được sử dụng như vật liệu cơ bản trong sản xuất kính cửa sổ, đồ chứa (chai lọ), và sứ cách điện cũng như nhiều đồ vật có ích khác.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A5y_nh%C3%A1m" title="Giấy nhám">Giấy nhám</a> - Carbide silic là một trong những vật liệu mài mòn quan trọng nhất.</li> <li>Vật liệu <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_b%C3%A1n_d%E1%BA%ABn" title="Chất bán dẫn">bán dẫn</a> - Silic siêu tinh khiết có thể trộn thêm <a href="/wiki/Asen" class="mw-redirect" title="Asen">asen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo" class="mw-disambig" title="Bo">bo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gali" title="Gali">gali</a> hay <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">phosphor</a> để làm silic dẫn điện tốt hơn trong các <a href="/wiki/Tranzito" class="mw-redirect" title="Tranzito">transistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pin_m%E1%BA%B7t_tr%E1%BB%9Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin mặt trời">pin mặt trời</a> hay các thiết bị bán dẫn khác được sử dụng trong công nghiệp điện tử và các ứng dụng kỹ thuật cao (hi-tech) khác.</li> <li>Trong các photonic - Silic được sử dụng trong các <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> để sản xuất ánh sáng đơn sắc có bước sóng 456 nm.</li> <li>Vật liệu y tế - Silicon là hợp chất dẻo chứa các liên kết <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic-oxy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silic-oxy (trang không tồn tại)">silic-oxy</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic-cacbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silic-cacbon (trang không tồn tại)">silic-cacbon</a>; chúng được sử dụng trong các ứng dụng như nâng ngực nhân tạo và lăng kính tiếp giáp (kính úp tròng).</li> <li>LCD và pin mặt trời - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_h%C3%ACnh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silic vô định hình (trang không tồn tại)">Silic vô định hình</a> có hứa hẹn trong các ứng dụng như điện tử chẳng hạn chế tạo <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A0n_h%C3%ACnh_tinh_th%E1%BB%83_l%E1%BB%8Fng" title="Màn hình tinh thể lỏng">màn hình tinh thể lỏng</a> (LCD) với giá thành thấp và màn rộng. Nó cũng được sử dụng để chế tạo pin mặt trời.</li> <li>Xây dựng - Silica là thành phần quan trọng nhất trong gạch vì tính hoạt hóa thấp của nó. Ngoài ra nó còn là một thành phần của <a href="/wiki/Xi_m%C4%83ng" title="Xi măng">xi măng</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sự_phổ_biến"><span id="S.E1.BB.B1_ph.E1.BB.95_bi.E1.BA.BFn"></span>Sự phổ biến</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sửa đổi phần “Sự phổ biến”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=4" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Sự phổ biến"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silic là thành phần cơ bản của các loại <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aerolit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aerolit (trang không tồn tại)">aerolit</a> là một loại của các thiên thạch và của các <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tektit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tektit (trang không tồn tại)">tektit</a> là dạng tự nhiên của thủy tinh. </p><p>Theo khối lượng, silic chiếm 29,5% vỏ Trái Đất, là nguyên tố phổ biến thứ hai sau <a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy">oxy</a>. Silic nguyên tố không tìm thấy trong tự nhiên. Nó thường xuất hiện trong các oxide và silicat. Cát, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%AAt%C3%ADt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amêtít (trang không tồn tại)">amêtít</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agat" class="mw-redirect" title="Agat">mã não</a> (<i>agate</i>), <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_anh" title="Thạch anh">thạch anh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinh_th%E1%BB%83_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Tinh thể rắn">đá tinh thể</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A1_l%E1%BB%ADa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Đá lửa">đá lửa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jatpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jatpe (trang không tồn tại)">jatpe</a>, và <a href="/wiki/Opan" title="Opan">opan</a> là những dạng tự nhiên của silic dưới dạng oxide. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A1_hoa_c%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đá hoa cương">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ami%C4%83ng" title="Amiăng">amiăng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldspat">fenspat</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t_s%C3%A9t" title="Đất sét">đất sét</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho%C3%B3cblen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoócblen (trang không tồn tại)">hoócblen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a> là những dạng khoáng chất silicat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sản_xuất"><span id="S.E1.BA.A3n_xu.E1.BA.A5t"></span>Sản xuất</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sửa đổi phần “Sản xuất”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=5" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Sản xuất"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silic được sản xuất công nghiệp bằng cách nung nóng silica siêu sạch trong lò luyện bằng hồ quang với các <a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_c%E1%BB%B1c" title="Điện cực">điện cực</a> cacbon. Ở nhiệt độ trên 1900 °C, Silic lỏng được thu hồi ở đáy lò, sau đó nó được tháo ra và làm nguội. Silic sản xuất theo công nghệ này gọi là silic loại luyện kim và nó ít nhất đạt 99% tinh khiết. Năm 2000, silic loại này có giá khoảng $ 0,56 trên một pao ($1,23/kg). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silicon/760301.pdf">[1]</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Làm_tinh_khiết"><span id="L.C3.A0m_tinh_khi.E1.BA.BFt"></span>Làm tinh khiết</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sửa đổi phần “Làm tinh khiết”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=6" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Làm tinh khiết"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Việc sử dụng silic trong các thiết bị bán dẫn đòi hỏi phải có độ tinh khiết cao hơn so với sản xuất bằng phương pháp trên. Có một số phương pháp làm tinh khiết silic được sử dụng để sản xuất silic có độ tinh khiết cao. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phương_pháp_vật_lý"><span id="Ph.C6.B0.C6.A1ng_ph.C3.A1p_v.E1.BA.ADt_l.C3.BD"></span>Phương pháp vật lý</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phương pháp vật lý”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=7" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phương pháp vật lý"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Các kỹ thuật làm tinh khiết silic đầu tiên dựa trên cơ sở thực tế là nếu silic nóng chảy và sau đó đông đặc lại thì những phần cuối khi đông đặc bao giờ cũng chứa nhiều tạp chất. Các phương pháp sớm nhất để làm tinh khiết silic, lần đầu tiên được miêu tả năm <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> và sử dụng trong một số hữu hạn nền tảng để sản xuất các thành phần của <a href="/wiki/Ra_%C4%91a" class="mw-redirect" title="Ra đa">rađa</a> trong Đại chiến thế giới lần thứ hai, bao gồm việc đập vỡ silic phẩm chất công nghiệp và hòa tan từng phần bột silic trong <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a>. Khi bị đập vỡ, silic bị làm vỡ để những khu vực có nhiều tạp chất yếu hơn sẽ nằm ra phía ngoài của các hạt silic được tạo ra, chúng sẽ bị acid hòa tan, để lại sản phẩm tinh khiết hơn. </p><p>Trong khu vực nung chảy, phương pháp đầu tiên làm tinh khiết silic được sử dụng rộng rãi trong công nghiệp, các thỏi silic phẩm cấp <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p" title="Công nghiệp">công nghiệp</a> được nung nóng tại một đầu. Sau đó, nguồn nhiệt chuyển động rất chậm dọc theo <a href="/wiki/Chi%E1%BB%81u_d%C3%A0i" title="Chiều dài">chiều dài</a> của thỏi, giữ cho chỉ một đoạn ngắn của thỏi nóng chảy và silic được làm nguội và tái <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c" title="Đông đặc">đông đặc</a> ở phía sau nó. Vì phần lớn các tạp chất có xu hướng nằm trong phần nóng chảy hơn là trong phần tái đông đặc, nên khi quá trình này kết thúc, phần lớn tạp chất của thỏi sẽ chuyển về đầu nóng chảy sau cùng. Đầu này sau đó bị cắt bỏ, và quy trình này được lặp lại nếu muốn có silic với phẩm cấp cao hơn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phương_pháp_hóa_học"><span id="Ph.C6.B0.C6.A1ng_ph.C3.A1p_h.C3.B3a_h.E1.BB.8Dc"></span>Phương pháp hóa học</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sửa đổi phần “Phương pháp hóa học”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=8" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Phương pháp hóa học"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ngày nay, silic được làm sạch bằng cách chuyển nó thành các hợp chất silic để dễ dàng làm tinh khiết hơn là làm tinh khiết trực tiếp silic, và sau đó chuyển hợp chất của nó trở lại thành silic nguyên chất. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triclorosilan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triclorosilan (trang không tồn tại)">Triclorosilan</a> là hợp chất của silic được sử dụng rộng rãi nhất như chất trung gian, mặc dầu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrachloride_silic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrachloride silic (trang không tồn tại)">tetrachloride silic</a> và <a href="/wiki/Silan" title="Silan">silan</a> cũng được sử dụng. Khi các khí này được thổi qua silic ở nhiệt độ cao, chúng phân hủy để tạo ra silic có độ tinh khiết cao. </p><p>Trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_Siemens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Công nghệ Siemens (trang không tồn tại)">công nghệ Siemens</a>, các thỏi silic có độ tinh khiết cao được đưa vào triclorosilan ở nhiệt độ 1150 °C. Khí triclorosilan phân hủy và lắng đọng silic bổ sung trên thỏi, làm to nó theo phản ứng sau: </p> <dl><dd>2HSiCl<sub>3</sub> → Si + 2HCl + SiCl<sub>4</sub></dd></dl> <p>Silic sản xuất từ phương pháp này và các công nghệ tương tự gọi là <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic_%C4%91a_tinh_th%E1%BB%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silic đa tinh thể (trang không tồn tại)">silic đa tinh thể</a></i>. Silic đa tinh thể thông thường có tạp chất ở mức một phần tỷ hoặc thấp hơn. </p><p>Cùng thời gian đó, <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> đã sản xuất silic siêu sạch bằng cách cho <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrachloride_silic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrachloride silic (trang không tồn tại)">tetrachloride silic</a> phản ứng với hơi <a href="/wiki/K%E1%BA%BDm" title="Kẽm">kẽm</a> nguyên chất ở nhiệt độ 950 °C, theo phản ứng: </p> <dl><dd>SiCl<sub>4</sub> + 2Zn → Si + 2ZnCl<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Tuy nhiên, kỹ thuật này đã vấp phải những vấn đề thực tế (chẳng hạn như sản phẩm phụ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloride_k%E1%BA%BDm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloride kẽm (trang không tồn tại)">chloride kẽm</a> đông đặc lại và dính vào sản phẩm) và cuối cùng nó đã bị bỏ đi để sử dụng chỉ mỗi công nghệ Siemens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tinh_thể_hóa"><span id="Tinh_th.E1.BB.83_h.C3.B3a"></span>Tinh thể hóa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tinh thể hóa”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=9" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tinh thể hóa"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_Czochralski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Công nghệ Czochralski (trang không tồn tại)">Công nghệ Czochralski</a> thông thường được sử dụng để sản xuất các tinh thể silic đơn có độ tinh khiết cao để sử dụng trong các thiết bị bán dẫn bằng silic ở trạng thái rắn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Đồng_vị"><span id=".C4.90.E1.BB.93ng_v.E1.BB.8B"></span>Đồng vị</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sửa đổi phần “Đồng vị”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=10" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Đồng vị"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silic có chín <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Đồng vị">đồng vị</a>, với số A từ 25 đến 33. Si<sup>28</sup> (đồng vị phổ biến nhất, 92,23%), Si<sup>29</sup> (4,67%) và Si<sup>30</sup> (3,1%) là ổn định; Si<sup>32</sup> là đồng vị phóng xạ sản xuất bằng phân rã <a href="/wiki/Agon" class="mw-redirect" title="Agon">agon</a>. Chu kỳ bán rã của nó, được xác định là khoảng 276 năm, và nó phân rã bằng bức xạ <a href="/wiki/Beta" title="Beta">beta</a> thành P<sup>32</sup> (có cả chu kỳ bán rã 14,28 năm) và sau đó thành Si<sup>32</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cảnh_báo"><span id="C.E1.BA.A3nh_b.C3.A1o"></span>Cảnh báo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sửa đổi phần “Cảnh báo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=11" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Cảnh báo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Các bệnh nghiêm trọng về <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%95i" title="Phổi">phổi</a> được biết đến như <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BB%87nh_b%E1%BB%A5i_ph%E1%BB%95i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bệnh bụi phổi (trang không tồn tại)">bệnh nhiễm silic</a> (<i>silicosis</i>) thường gặp ở những người thợ mỏ, cắt đá và những người phải làm việc trong môi trường nhiều bụi silic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=12" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">R. S. Ram et al. "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/184.pdf">J. Mol. Spectr. 190, 341–352 (1998)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209151548/http://bernath.uwaterloo.ca/media/184.pdf">Lưu trữ</a> ngày 9 tháng 2 năm 2012 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ioffe-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioffe_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Si">http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/Si</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a>, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/14.html">Los Alamos National Laboratory – Silicon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060715163207/http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/14.html">Lưu trữ</a> ngày 15 tháng 7 năm 2006 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silic&action=edit&section=13" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71936381">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Silicon?uselang=vi">Silic</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Si/index.html">WebElements.com – Silicon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Si.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Silicon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/elements/silicon/silicon.htm">Mineral.Galleries.com – Silicon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016062601/http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/elements/silicon/silicon.htm">Lưu trữ</a> ngày 16 tháng 10 năm 2008 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; 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background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydro" title="Hydro"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Heli" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Li, Lithi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryli" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryli" title="Beryli"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Bor" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bor" title="Bor"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="N, Nitơ" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nit%C6%A1" title="Nitơ"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="O, Oxy" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="F, Fluor" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Na, Natri" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natri" title="Natri"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesi" title="Magnesi"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Nhôm" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B4m" title="Nhôm"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Si, Silic" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:2px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphor" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="S, Lưu huỳnh" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0u_hu%E1%BB%B3nh" title="Lưu huỳnh"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlor" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 4">4</a> </td> <td title="K, Kali" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calci" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calci" title="Calci"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandi" title="Scandi"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titani" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titani" title="Titani"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Cr, Crom" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Crom" class="mw-redirect" title="Crom"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Mn, Mangan" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Fe, Sắt" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt" title="Sắt"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Co, Coban" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Coban" class="mw-redirect" title="Coban"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Ni, Niken" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niken" class="mw-redirect" title="Niken"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cu, Đồng" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zn, Kẽm" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BA%BDm" title="Kẽm"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gali" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gali" title="Gali"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Ge, Gecmani" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gecmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Gecmani"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Se, Selen" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selen" class="mw-redirect" title="Selen"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Br, Brom" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rb, Rubidi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidi" title="Rubidi"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Sr, Stronti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronti" title="Stronti"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttri" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttri"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconi" title="Zirconi"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobi" title="Niobi"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molypden" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molypden" class="mw-redirect" title="Molypden"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tc, Tecneti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tecneti" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecneti"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Ru, Rutheni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodi" title="Rhodi"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Pd, Paladi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladi" title="Paladi"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Ag, Bạc" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c" title="Bạc"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadimi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadimi"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="In, Indi" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indi" title="Indi"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Sn, Thiếc" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BA%BFc" title="Thiếc"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimon" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Te, Telu" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telu" class="mw-redirect" title="Telu"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title=" I , Iod" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iod" title="Iod"><span style="display:block"> I </span></a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Cs, Caesi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesi" title="Caesi"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Ba, Bari" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="La, Lantan" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantan"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Ce, Xeri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeri"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi" title="Praseodymi"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymi" title="Neodymi"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Pm, Prometi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometi" class="mw-redirect" title="Prometi"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samari" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samari" title="Samari"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europi" title="Europi"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolini" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolini" title="Gadolini"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbi" title="Terbi"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosi" title="Dysprosi"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmi" title="Holmi"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbi" title="Erbi"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thuli" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuli"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbi"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lu, Luteti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Luteti" title="Luteti"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafni" title="Hafni"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantan" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantan"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="W, Wolfram" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Re, Rheni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rheni" title="Rheni"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmi" title="Osmi"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridi" title="Iridi"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platin" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Au, Vàng" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A0ng" title="Vàng"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Hg, Thủy ngân" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A7y_ng%C3%A2n" title="Thủy ngân"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tl, Tali" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tali" class="mw-redirect" title="Tali"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Pb, Chì" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%AC" title="Chì"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Po, Poloni" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="At, Astatin" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu kỳ nguyên tố 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fr, Franci" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Franci" title="Franci"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radi" title="Radi"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actini" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actini" title="Actini"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Th, Thori" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thori" title="Thori"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactini" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="U, Urani" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Urani" title="Urani"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptuni" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptuni" title="Neptuni"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutoni" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutoni" title="Plutoni"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Am, Americi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americi" title="Americi"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curi" class="mw-redirect" title="Curi"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkeli" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkeli" title="Berkeli"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californi" title="Californi"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteini" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteini" title="Einsteini"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermi" title="Fermi"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevi" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevi" title="Mendelevi"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="No, Nobeli" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobeli" title="Nobeli"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrenci" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrenci" title="Lawrenci"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordi" title="Rutherfordi"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubni" title="Dubni"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgi" title="Seaborgi"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohri" title="Bohri"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassi" title="Hassi"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitneri" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitneri" title="Meitneri"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadti" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadti" title="Darmstadti"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgeni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgeni" title="Roentgeni"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernici" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernici" title="Copernici"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihoni" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihoni" title="Nihoni"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovi" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovi" title="Flerovi"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovi" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovi" title="Moscovi"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermori" style="text-align:center; background:#ffffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermori" title="Livermori"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; 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