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Sakamoto</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Makoto Sakamoto"> <meta name="keywords" content="Makoto Sakamoto"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Makoto Sakamoto"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 22</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Makoto Sakamoto</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Stress Distribution in Axisymmetric Indentation of an Elastic Layer-Substrate Body</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kotaro%20Miura">Kotaro Miura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Sakamoto"> Makoto Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuji%20Tanabe"> Yuji Tanabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We focus on internal stress and displacement of an elastic axisymmetric contact problem for indentation of a layer-substrate body. An elastic layer is assumed to be perfectly bonded to an elastic semi-infinite substrate. The elastic layer is smoothly indented with a flat-ended cylindrical indenter. The analytical and exact solutions were obtained by solving an infinite system of simultaneous equations using the method to express a normal contact stress at the upper surface of the elastic layer as an appropriate series. This paper presented the numerical results of internal stress and displacement distributions for hard-coating system with constant values of Poisson’s ratio and the thickness of elastic layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indentation" title="indentation">indentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20problem" title=" contact problem"> contact problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20distribution" title=" stress distribution"> stress distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating%20materials" title=" coating materials"> coating materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-substrate%20body" title=" layer-substrate body"> layer-substrate body</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116384/stress-distribution-in-axisymmetric-indentation-of-an-elastic-layer-substrate-body" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Design Elements: Examining Product Design Attribute That Make Sweets Appear More Delicious to Foreign Patrons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuko%20Sakamoto">Kazuko Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keiichiro%20Kawarabayashi"> Keiichiro Kawarabayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoji%20Kitani"> Yoji Kitani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Japanese sweets are one of the important elements of the Chur Japan strategy. In this research, we investigated what kind of sweets are liked to the Chinese tourist. What is generally eaten is influenced by culture, a sense of values, and business practice. Therefore, what was adapted there is sold. However, when traveling, what its country does not have is called for. Then, how far should we take in Chinese people's taste in a design?　This time, the design attribute (a color and a form) which leads to sweets "being delicious" was clarified by rough aggregate theory.As a result, the difference in the taste of Chinese people and Japanese people became clear. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20attribute" title="design attribute">design attribute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20comparison" title=" international comparison"> international comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taste%20by%20appearance" title=" taste by appearance"> taste by appearance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20attribute" title=" design attribute"> design attribute</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10772/design-elements-examining-product-design-attribute-that-make-sweets-appear-more-delicious-to-foreign-patrons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> International Comparison in Component of Design-Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuko%20Sakamoto">Kazuko Sakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is difficult to explain the factor of design preference only in culture or a geographical environment. It is necessary to turn one's eyes also to the factor in an individual. The purpose of this research is to clarify design potential which is inherent in consumers. Design potential is the consciousness and interpretation to an individual design. That is, it catches quantitatively the preparatory state which faces design. For example, a mobile phone differs in designs, such as a color and a form, by the country or the area. It is considered because a regional consumer taste exists. The root is design potential. This consists of design participation, design knowledge, and design sensitivity. Having focused this time is by design sensitivity, and international comparison of the Netherlands, Bangladesh, China, and Japan was performed. As a result, very interesting finding has been derived. For example, although Bangladesh caught the similarity of goods by the color, other three nations were caught in the form. Moreover, although the Netherlands, Bangladesh, and China liked symmetry, only Japan liked asymmetry. This shows that history and a cultural background have had big influence to the design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design-potential" title="design-potential">design-potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20difference" title=" cultural difference"> cultural difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=form%20characteristic" title=" form characteristic"> form characteristic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20development" title=" product development"> product development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67486/international-comparison-in-component-of-design-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Numerical Investigation on Tsunami Suppression by Submerged Breakwater </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasuku%20Hongo">Tasuku Hongo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroya%20Mamori"> Hiroya Mamori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoya%20Fukushima"> Naoya Fukushima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Yamamoto"> Makoto Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A tsunami induced by an earthquake gives a severe disaster in coastal area. As well known, the huge earthquake in Japan 2011 induced a huge tsunami and the tsunami caused serious damage in the Tohoku and Kanto area. Although breakwaters were constructed in the coast to suppress the tsunami, these were collapsed, and it resulted in severe disasters. In order to decrease the tsunami disaster, we propose the submerged breakwaters and investigate its effect on the tsunami behavior by means of numerical simulations. In order to reproduce tsunami and capture its interface, we employed a moving particle method which is one of the Lagragian methods. Different from ordinary breakwaters, the present breakwater is located in the under-sea. An effective installation condition is investigated by the parametric study. The results show that the submerged breakwater can decrease the wave force by the tsunami. Moreover, the combination of two submerged breakwaters can reduce the tsunami safely and effectively. Therefore, the present results give the effective condition of the installation of the under-sea breakwaters and its mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20area" title="coastal area">coastal area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsunami%20force%20reduction" title=" tsunami force reduction"> tsunami force reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPS%20method" title=" MPS method"> MPS method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20breakwater" title=" submerged breakwater"> submerged breakwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88772/numerical-investigation-on-tsunami-suppression-by-submerged-breakwater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> The Expression of a Novel Gene Encoding an Ankyrin-Repeat Protein, DRA1, Is Regulated by Drought-Responsive Alternative Splicing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sakamoto">H. Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Nakagawara"> Y. Nakagawara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Oguri"> S. Oguri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drought stress is a critical environmental factor that adversely affects crop productivity and quality. Because of their immobile nature, plants have evolved mechanisms to sense and respond to drought stress. We identified a novel locus of Arabidopsis, designated DRA1 (drought responsive ankyrin 1), whose disruption leads to increased drought stress tolerance. DRA1 encodes a transmembrane protein with an ankyrin repeat motif that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction. RT-PCR analysis revealed that there were at least two splicing variants of DRA1 transcripts in wild type plants. In response to drought stress, the levels of DRA1 transcripts retaining second and third introns were increased, whereas these introns were removed under unstressed conditions. These results suggest that DRA1 protein may negatively regulate plant drought tolerance and that the expression of DRA1 is regulated in response to drought stress by alternative splicing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20splicing" title="alternative splicing">alternative splicing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankyrin%20repeat" title=" ankyrin repeat"> ankyrin repeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabidopsis" title=" Arabidopsis"> Arabidopsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20tolerance" title=" drought tolerance"> drought tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2967/the-expression-of-a-novel-gene-encoding-an-ankyrin-repeat-protein-dra1-is-regulated-by-drought-responsive-alternative-splicing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Alternative Splicing of an Arabidopsis Gene, At2g24600, Encoding Ankyrin-Repeat Protein</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sakamoto">H. Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kurosawa"> S. Kurosawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Suzuki"> M. Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Oguri"> S. Oguri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Arabidopsis, several genes encoding proteins with ankyrin repeats and trans-membrane domains (AtANKTM) have been identified as mediators of biotic and abiotic stress responses. It has been known that the expression of an AtANKTM gene, At2g24600, is induced in response to abiotic stress and that there are four splicing variants derived from this locus. In this study, by RT-PCR and sequencing analysis, an unknown splicing variant of the At2g24600 transcript was identified. Based on differences in the predicted amino acid sequences, the five splicing variants are divided into three groups. The three predicted proteins are highly homologous, yet have different numbers of ankyrin repeats and trans-membrane domains. It is generally considered that ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interaction and that the number of trans-membrane domains affects membrane topology of proteins. The protein variants derived from the At2g24600 locus may have different molecular functions each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20splicing" title="alternative splicing">alternative splicing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankyrin%20repeats" title=" ankyrin repeats"> ankyrin repeats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trans-membrane%20domains" title=" trans-membrane domains"> trans-membrane domains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabidopsis" title=" arabidopsis"> arabidopsis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6374/alternative-splicing-of-an-arabidopsis-gene-at2g24600-encoding-ankyrin-repeat-protein" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Development of Electroencephalograph Collection System in Language-Learning Self-Study System That Can Detect Learning State of the Learner</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsuyuki%20Umezawa">Katsuyuki Umezawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Nakazawa"> Makoto Nakazawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manabu%20Kobayashi"> Manabu Kobayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yutaka%20Ishii"> Yutaka Ishii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michiko%20Nakano"> Michiko Nakano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeichi%20Hirasawa"> Shigeichi Hirasawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to develop a self-study system equipped with an artificial teacher who gives advice to students by detecting the learners and to evaluate language learning in a unified framework. 'Detecting the learners' means that the system understands the learners' learning conditions, such as each learner’s degree of understanding, the difference in each learner’s thinking process, the degree of concentration or boredom in learning, and problem solving for each learner, which can be interpreted from learning behavior. In this paper, we propose a system to efficiently collect brain waves from learners by focusing on only the brain waves among the biological information for 'detecting the learners'. The conventional Electroencephalograph (EEG) measurement method during learning using a simple EEG has the following disadvantages. (1) The start and end of EEG measurement must be done manually by the experiment participant or staff. (2) Even when the EEG signal is weak, it may not be noticed, and the data may not be obtained. (3) Since the acquired EEG data is stored in each PC, there is a possibility that the time of data acquisition will be different in each PC. This time, we developed a system to collect brain wave data on the server side. This system overcame the above disadvantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20teacher" title="artificial teacher">artificial teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-study%20system" title=" self-study system"> self-study system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20EEG" title=" simple EEG"> simple EEG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123258/development-of-electroencephalograph-collection-system-in-language-learning-self-study-system-that-can-detect-learning-state-of-the-learner" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Rice Bran Material Enrichment of Granulated Cane Brown Sugar to Increase Policosanol Contents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monthana%20Weerawatanakorn">Monthana Weerawatanakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajime%20Tamaki"> Hajime Tamaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yonathan%20Asikin"> Yonathan Asikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Wada"> Koji Wada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Takahashi"> Makoto Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Tang%20Ho"> Chi-Tang Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Hsiung%20Pan"> Min-Hsiung Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice bran and sugarcane are significant sources of wax containing policosanol (PC), the cholesterol-lowering nutraceutical available in the market. The processing of rice bran oil causes the loss of PC content into various waste products. Therefore, we hypothesise that defatted rice bran (DRB) as agricultural waste product and rice bran oil (RBO) retain a varying but significant amount of PC wax. Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) or cane brown sugar has been consumed worldwide and possesses various health benefits. Since PC wax is mainly in the outer layer rinds of cane, PC contents of the granulated sugar are reduced due to the peeling step. The study aimed to increase PC contents of the granular brown sugar by adding wax extracted from DRB and RBO and to investigate the toxicity of the developed products. The results showed that the total PC contents including long chain aldehyde of products were increased to the maximum level of 147.97 mg/100 g and 40.14 mg/100 g for extracted wax and rice bran oil addition, respectively. PC content of RBO was found to be 96.93 mg/100 g. DRB is promising source of policosanol (6,044.7 mg/100 g). The 28-day toxicity evaluations of the developed sugar revealed no adverse effects on the liver, spleen or kidney. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enrichment" title="enrichment">enrichment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugarcane" title=" sugarcane"> sugarcane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policosanol" title=" policosanol"> policosanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defatted%20rice%20bran" title=" defatted rice bran"> defatted rice bran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wax" title=" wax"> wax</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54229/rice-bran-material-enrichment-of-granulated-cane-brown-sugar-to-increase-policosanol-contents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Impression Evaluation by Design Change of Anthropomorphic Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuko%20Sakamoto">Kazuko Sakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anthropomorphic agents have been successful in areas where there are many human interactions, such as education and medical care. The persuasive effect is also expected in e-shopping sites on the web. This indicates that customer service is not necessarily human but can play that role. However, the 'humanity' in anthropomorphism sometimes has a risk of working negatively. In general, as the appearance of anthropomorphic agents approaches humans, it is thought that their affinity with humans increases. However, when the degree of similarity reaches a certain level, it gives the user a weird feeling. This is the 'eerie valley' phenomenon. This is a concept used in the world of robotics, but it seems to be applicable to anthropomorphic agents such as characters. Then what kind of design can you accept as an anthropomorphic agent that gives you a feeling of friendliness or good feeling without causing discomfort or fear to people? This study focused on this point and examined what design and characteristics would be effective for marketing communication. As a result of the investigation, it was found that there is no need for gaze and blinking, the size of the eyes is normal or large, and the impression evaluation is higher when the structure is as simple as possible. Conversely, agents with high eye-gaze and white-eye ratios had low evaluations, and the negative impact on eye-gaze was particularly large. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropomorphicgents" title="anthropomorphicgents">anthropomorphicgents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20evaluation" title=" design evaluation"> design evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20communication" title=" marketing communication"> marketing communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20service" title=" customer service"> customer service</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119065/impression-evaluation-by-design-change-of-anthropomorphic-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Spectra Analysis in Sunset Color Demonstrations with a White-Color LED as a Light Source</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Hasegawa">Makoto Hasegawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seika%20Tokumitsu"> Seika Tokumitsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spectra of light beams emitted from white-color LED torches are different from those of conventional electric torches. In order to confirm if white-color LED torches can be used as light sources for popular sunset color demonstrations in spite of such differences, spectra of travelled light beams and scattered light beams with each of a white-color LED torch (composed of a blue LED and yellow-color fluorescent material) and a conventional electric torch as a light source were measured and compared with each other in a 50 cm-long water tank for sunset color demonstration experiments. Suspension liquid was prepared from acryl-emulsion and tap-water in the water tank, and light beams from the white-color LED torch or the conventional electric torch were allowed to travel in this suspension liquid. Sunset-like color was actually observed when the white-color LED torch was used as the light source in sunset color demonstrations. However, the observed colors when viewed with naked eye look slightly different from those obtainable with the conventional electric torch. At the same time, with the white-color LED, changes in colors in short to middle wavelength regions were recognized with careful observations. From those results, white-color LED torches are confirmed to be applicable as light sources in sunset color demonstrations, although certain attentions have to be paid. Further advanced classes will be successfully performed with white-color LED torches as light sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue%20sky%20demonstration" title="blue sky demonstration">blue sky demonstration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunset%20color%20demonstration" title=" sunset color demonstration"> sunset color demonstration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20LED%20torch" title=" white LED torch"> white LED torch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics%20education" title=" physics education"> physics education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47625/spectra-analysis-in-sunset-color-demonstrations-with-a-white-color-led-as-a-light-source" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Time-Evolving Wave Packet in Phase Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitsuyoshi%20Tomiya">Mitsuyoshi Tomiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kentaro%20Kawamura"> Kentaro Kawamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoichi%20Sakamoto"> Shoichi Sakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In chaotic billiard systems, scar-like localization has been found on time-evolving wave packet. We may call it the “dynamical scar” to separate it to the original scar in stationary states. It also comes out along the vicinity of classical unstable periodic orbits, when the wave packets are launched along the orbits, against the hypothesis that the waves become homogenous all around the billiard. Then time-evolving wave packets are investigated numerically in phase space. The Wigner function is adopted to detect the wave packets in phase space. The 2-dimensional Poincaré sections of the 4-dimensional phase space are introduced to clarify the dynamical behavior of the wave packets. The Poincaré sections of the coordinate (x or y) and the momentum (Px or Py) can visualize the dynamical behavior of the wave packets, including the behavior in the momentum degree also. For example, in “dynamical scar” states, a bit larger momentum component comes first, and then the a bit smaller and smaller components follow next. The sections made in the momentum space (Px or Py) elucidates specific trajectories that have larger contribution to the “dynamical scar” states. It is the fixed point observation of the momentum degrees at a specific fixed point(x0, y0) in the phase space. The accumulation are also calculated to search the “dynamical scar” in the Poincare sections. It is found the scars as bright spots in momentum degrees of the phase space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20billiard" title="chaotic billiard">chaotic billiard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poincar%C3%A9%20section" title=" Poincaré section"> Poincaré section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scar" title=" scar"> scar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20packet" title=" wave packet"> wave packet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32869/time-evolving-wave-packet-in-phase-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> A Novel Gene Encoding Ankyrin-Repeat Protein, SHG1, Is Indispensable for Seed Germination under Moderate Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sakamoto">H. Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Tochimoto"> J. Tochimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kurosawa"> S. Kurosawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Suzuki"> M. Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Oguri"> S. Oguri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salt stress adversely affects plant growth at various stages of development including seed germination, seedling establishment, vegetative growth and finally reproduction. Because of their immobile nature, plants have evolved mechanisms to sense and respond to salt stress. Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait that enables seed germination to coincide with favorable environmental conditions. We identified a novel locus of Arabidopsis, designated SHG1 (salt hypersensitive germination 1), whose disruption leads to reduced germination rate under moderate salt stress conditions. SHG1 encodes a transmembrane protein with an ankyrin repeat motif that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction. The SGH1-disrupted Arabidopsis mutant died at the cotyledon stage when sown on salt-containing medium, although wild type plants could form true leaves under the same conditions. On the other hand, this mutant showed similar phenotypes to wild type plants when sown on medium without salt and transferred to salt-containing medium at the vegetative stage. These results suggested that SHG1 played indispensable role in the seed germination and seedling establishment under moderate salt stress conditions. SHG1 may be involved in the release of seed dormancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title="germination">germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankyrin%20repeat" title=" ankyrin repeat"> ankyrin repeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arabidopsis" title=" arabidopsis"> arabidopsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt%20tolerance" title=" salt tolerance"> salt tolerance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7011/a-novel-gene-encoding-ankyrin-repeat-protein-shg1-is-indispensable-for-seed-germination-under-moderate-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Prolonged Synthesis of Chitin Polysaccharide from Chlorovirus System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numfon%20Rakkhumkaew">Numfon Rakkhumkaew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeru%20Kawasaki"> Takeru Kawasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Fujie"> Makoto Fujie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Yamada"> Takashi Yamada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chlorella viruses or chloroviruses contain a gene that encodes a function for chitin synthesis, which is expressed early in viral infection to produce chitin polysaccharide, a polymer of β-1, 4-linked GlcNAc, on the outside of Chlorella cell wall. Interestingly, chlorovirus system is an eco-friendly system which converses CO2 and solar energy from the environment into useful materials. However, infected Chlorella cells are lysed at the final stage of viral infection, and this phenomenon is caused the breaking down of polysaccharide. To postpone the lysing period and prolong the synthesis of chitin polysaccharide on cells, the slow growing virus incorporated with aphidicolin treatment, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was investigated. In this study, a total of 25 virus isolates from water samples in Japan region were analyzed for CHS (the gene for CH synthase) gene by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The accumulation and appearance of chitin polysaccharide on infected cells were detected by biotinylated chitin-binding proteins WGA (wheat germ agglutinin)-biotin for chitin in conjunction with avidin-Cy 2 or Cy 3 and investigated by fluorescence microscopy, observed as green or yellow fluorescence over the cell surface. Among all chlorovirus isolates, cells infected with CNF1 revealed the accumulation of chitin over the cell surface within 30 min p.i. and continued to accumulate on cells until 4 h p.i. before cell lyses which was 1.6 times longer accumulation period than cells infected with CVK2 (prototype virus). Furthermore, addition of aphidicolin could extend the chitin accumulation on cells infected with CNF1 until 8 h p.i. before cell lyses. Whereas, CVK2-infected cells treated with aphidicolin could prolong the chitin synthesis only for 6 h p.i. before cell lyses. Therefore, chitin synthesis by Chlorella-virus system could be prolonged by using slow-growing viral isolates and with aphidicolin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitin" title="chitin">chitin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorovirus" title=" chlorovirus"> chlorovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20virus" title=" Chlorella virus"> Chlorella virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphidicolin" title=" aphidicolin"> aphidicolin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62183/prolonged-synthesis-of-chitin-polysaccharide-from-chlorovirus-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Fundamental Research on Factors Affecting the Under-Film Corrosion Behavior of Coated Steel Members</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Sakamoto">T. Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kainuma"> S. Kainuma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Firstly, in order to examine the influence of the remaining amount of the rust on the coating film durability, the accelerated deterioration tests were carried out. In order to prepare test specimens, uncoated steel plates were corroded by the Salt Spray Test (SST) prior to the accelerated deterioration tests, and then the prepared test specimens were coated by epoxy resin and phthalic acid resin each of which has different gas-barrier performance. As the result, it was confirmed that the under-film corrosion occurred in the area and the adjacency to great quantities of salt exists in the rust, and did not occurred in the specimen which was applied the epoxy resin paint after the surface preparation by the power tool. Secondly, in order to clarify the influence of the corrosive factors on the coating film durability, outdoor exposure tests were conducted for one year on actual steel bridge located at a coastal area. The tests specimens consist of coated corroded plates and the uncoated steel plates, and they were installed on the different structural members of the bridge for one year. From the test results, the uncoated steel plates which were installed on the underside of the member are easily corrosive and had highly correlation with the amount of salt in the rust. On the other hand, the most corrosive under-film steel was the vertical surface of the web plate. Thus, it was confirmed that under-film corrosion rate was not match with corrosion rate of the uncoated steel. Consequently, it is estimated that the main factors of under-film corrosion are gas-barrier property of coating film and corrosive factors such as water vapor and temperature. The salt which significantly corrodes the uncoated steel plate is not directly related to the under-film corrosion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20deterioration%20test" title="accelerated deterioration test">accelerated deterioration test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating%20durability" title=" coating durability"> coating durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20factor" title=" environmental factor"> environmental factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-film%20corrosion" title=" under-film corrosion"> under-film corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39312/fundamental-research-on-factors-affecting-the-under-film-corrosion-behavior-of-coated-steel-members" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Towards Real-Time Classification of Finger Movement Direction Using Encephalography Independent Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mounir%20Tellache">Mohamed Mounir Tellache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroyuki%20Kambara"> Hiroyuki Kambara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuharu%20Koike"> Yasuharu Koike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Miyakoshi"> Makoto Miyakoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natsue%20Yoshimura"> Natsue Yoshimura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the practicality of using electroencephalographic (EEG) independent components to predict eight-direction finger movements in pseudo-real-time. Six healthy participants with individual-head MRI images performed finger movements in eight directions with two different arm configurations. The analysis was performed in two stages. The first stage consisted of using independent component analysis (ICA) to separate the signals representing brain activity from non-brain activity signals and to obtain the unmixing matrix. The resulting independent components (ICs) were checked, and those reflecting brain-activity were selected. Finally, the time series of the selected ICs were used to predict eight finger-movement directions using Sparse Logistic Regression (SLR). The second stage consisted of using the previously obtained unmixing matrix, the selected ICs, and the model obtained by applying SLR to classify a different EEG dataset. This method was applied to two different settings, namely the single-participant level and the group-level. For the single-participant level, the EEG dataset used in the first stage and the EEG dataset used in the second stage originated from the same participant. For the group-level, the EEG datasets used in the first stage were constructed by temporally concatenating each combination without repetition of the EEG datasets of five participants out of six, whereas the EEG dataset used in the second stage originated from the remaining participants. The average test classification results across datasets (mean ± S.D.) were 38.62 ± 8.36% for the single-participant, which was significantly higher than the chance level (12.50 ± 0.01%), and 27.26 ± 4.39% for the group-level which was also significantly higher than the chance level (12.49% ± 0.01%). The classification accuracy within [–45°, 45°] of the true direction is 70.03 ± 8.14% for single-participant and 62.63 ± 6.07% for group-level which may be promising for some real-life applications. Clustering and contribution analyses further revealed the brain regions involved in finger movement and the temporal aspect of their contribution to the classification. These results showed the possibility of using the ICA-based method in combination with other methods to build a real-time system to control prostheses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain-computer%20interface" title="brain-computer interface">brain-computer interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroencephalography" title=" electroencephalography"> electroencephalography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finger%20motion%20decoding" title=" finger motion decoding"> finger motion decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20component%20analysis" title=" independent component analysis"> independent component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo%20real-time%20motion%20decoding" title=" pseudo real-time motion decoding"> pseudo real-time motion decoding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131557/towards-real-time-classification-of-finger-movement-direction-using-encephalography-independent-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Effect of Total Body Irradiation for Metastatic Lymph Node and Lung Metastasis in Early Stage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouta%20Sora">Shouta Sora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shizuki%20Kuriu"> Shizuki Kuriu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhika%20Mishra"> Radhika Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariunbuyan%20Sukhbaatar"> Ariunbuyan Sukhbaatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Sakamoto"> Maya Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiro%20Mori"> Shiro Mori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuya%20Kodama"> Tetsuya Kodama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lymph node (LN) metastasis accounts for 20 - 30 % of all deaths in patients with head and neck cancer. Therefore, the control of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) is necessary to improve the life prognosis of patients with cancer. In a classical metastatic theory, tumor cells are thought to metastasize hematogenously through a bead-like network of lymph nodes. Recently, a lymph node-mediated hematogenous metastasis theory has been proposed, in which sentinel LNs are regarded as a source of distant metastasis. Therefore, the treatment of MLNs at the early stage is essential to prevent distant metastasis. Radiation therapy is one of the primary therapeutic modalities in cancer treatment. In addition, total body irradiation (TBI) has been reported to act as activation of natural killer cells and increase of infiltration of CD4+ T-cells to tumor tissues. However, the treatment effect of TBI for MLNs remains unclear. This study evaluated the possibilities of low-dose total body irradiation (L-TBI) and middle-dose total body irradiation (M-TBI) for the treatment of MLNs. Mouse breast cancer FM3A-Luc cells were injected into subiliac lymph node (SiLN) of MXH10/Mo/LPR mice to induce the metastasis to the proper axillary lymph node (PALN) and lung. Mice were irradiated for the whole body on 4 days after tumor injection. The L-TBI and M-TBI were defined as irradiations to the whole body at 0.2 Gy and 1.0 Gy, respectively. Tumor growth was evaluated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging system. In the non-irradiated group, tumor activities on SiLN and PALN significantly increased over time, and the metastasis to the lung from LNs was confirmed 28 days after tumor injection. The L-TBI led to a tumor growth delay in PALN but did not control tumor growth in SiLN and metastasis to the lung. In contrast, it was found that the M-TBI significantly delayed the tumor growth of both SiLN and PALN and controlled the distant metastasis to the lung compared with non-irradiated and L-TBI groups. These results suggest that the M-TBI is an effective treatment method for MLNs in the early stage and distant metastasis from lymph nodes via blood vessels connected with LNs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metastatic%20lymph%20node" title="metastatic lymph node">metastatic lymph node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20metastasis" title=" lung metastasis"> lung metastasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20therapy" title=" radiation therapy"> radiation therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20body%20irradiation" title=" total body irradiation"> total body irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymphatic%20system" title=" lymphatic system"> lymphatic system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140077/effect-of-total-body-irradiation-for-metastatic-lymph-node-and-lung-metastasis-in-early-stage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Axillary Evaluation with Targeted Axillary Dissection Using Ultrasound-Visible Clips after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Node-Positive Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naomi%20Sakamoto">Naomi Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eisuke%20Fukuma"> Eisuke Fukuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mika%20Nashimoto"> Mika Nashimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshitomo%20Koshida"> Yoshitomo Koshida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Selective localization of the metastatic lymph node with clip and removal of clipped nodes with sentinel lymph node (SLN), known as targeted axillary dissection (TAD), reduced false-negative rates (FNR) of SLN biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). For the patients who achieved nodal pathologic complete response (pCR), accurate staging of axilla by TAD lead to omit axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), decreasing postoperative arm morbidity without a negative effect on overall survival. This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound (US) identification rate and success removal rate of two kinds of ultrasound-visible clips placed in metastatic lymph nodes during TAD procedure. Methods: This prospective study was conducted using patients with clinically T1-3, N1, 2, M0 breast cancer undergoing NAC followed by surgery. A US-visible clip was placed in the suspicious lymph node under US guidance before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Before surgery, US examination was performed to evaluate the detection rate of clipped node. During the surgery, the clipped node was removed using several localization techniques, including hook-wire localization, dye-injection, or fluorescence technique, followed by a dual-technique SLNB and resection of palpable nodes if present. For the fluorescence technique, after injection of 0.1-0.2 mL of indocyanine green dye (ICG) into the clipped node, ICG fluorescent imaging was performed using the Photodynamic Eye infrared camera (Hamamatsu Photonics k. k., Shizuoka, Japan). For the dye injection method, 0.1-0.2 mL of pyoktanin blue dye was injected into the clipped node. Results: A total of 29 patients were enrolled. Hydromark™ breast biopsy site markers (Hydromark, T3 shape; Devicor Medical Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was used in 15patients, whereas a UltraCor™ Twirl™ breast marker (Twirl; C.R. Bard, Inc, NJ, USA) was placed in 14 patients. US identified the clipped node marked with the UltraCore Twirl in 100% (14/14) and with the Hydromark in 93.3% (14/15, p = ns). Success removal of clipped node marked with the UltraCore Twirl was achieved in 100% (14/14), whereas the node marked with the Hydromark was removed in 80% (12/15) (p = ns). Conclusions: The ultrasound identification rate differed between the two types of ultrasound-visible clips, which also affected the success removal rate of clipped nodes. Labelling the positive node with a US-highly-visible clip allowed successful TAD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoadjuvant%20chemotherapy" title=" neoadjuvant chemotherapy"> neoadjuvant chemotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=targeted%20axillary%20dissection" title=" targeted axillary dissection"> targeted axillary dissection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20tissue%20marker" title=" breast tissue marker"> breast tissue marker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clip" title=" clip"> clip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177380/axillary-evaluation-with-targeted-axillary-dissection-using-ultrasound-visible-clips-after-neoadjuvant-chemotherapy-for-patients-with-node-positive-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Electromagnetic-Mechanical Stimulation on PC12 for Enhancement of Nerve Axonal Extension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Nakamachi">E. Nakamachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Matsumoto"> K. Matsumoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Yamamoto"> K. Yamamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Morita"> Y. Morita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sakamoto"> H. Sakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recently, electromagnetic and mechanical stimulations have been recognized as the effective extracellular environment stimulation technique to enhance the defected peripheral nerve tissue regeneration. In this study, we developed a new hybrid bioreactor by adopting 50 Hz uniform alternative current (AC) magnetic stimulation and 4% strain mechanical stimulation. The guide tube for nerve regeneration is mesh structured tube made of biodegradable polymer, such as polylatic acid (PLA). However, when neural damage is large, there is a possibility that peripheral nerve undergoes necrosis. So it is quite important to accelerate the nerve tissue regeneration by achieving enhancement of nerve axonal extension rate. Therefore, we try to design and fabricate the system that can simultaneously load the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation and the stretch stimulation to cells for enhancement of nerve axonal extension. Next, we evaluated systems performance and the effectiveness of each stimulation for rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). First, we designed and fabricated the uniform AC magnetic field system and the stretch stimulation system. For the AC magnetic stimulation system, we focused on the use of pole piece structure to carry out in-situ microscopic observation. We designed an optimum pole piece structure using the magnetic field finite element analyses and the response surface methodology. We fabricated the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation system as a bio-reactor by adopting analytically determined design specifications. We measured magnetic flux density that is generated by the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation system. We confirmed that measurement values show good agreement with analytical results, where the uniform magnetic field was observed. Second, we fabricated the cyclic stretch stimulation device under the conditions of particular strains, where the chamber was made of polyoxymethylene (POM). We measured strains in the PC12 cell culture region to confirm the uniform strain. We found slightly different values from the target strain. Finally, we concluded that these differences were allowable in this mechanical stimulation system. We evaluated the effectiveness of each stimulation to enhance the nerve axonal extension using PC12. We confirmed that the average axonal extension length of PC12 under the uniform AC magnetic stimulation was increased by 16 % at 96 h in our bio-reactor. We could not confirm that the axonal extension enhancement under the stretch stimulation condition, where we found the exfoliating of cells. Further, the hybrid stimulation enhanced the axonal extension. Because the magnetic stimulation inhibits the exfoliating of cells. Finally, we concluded that the enhancement of PC12 axonal extension is due to the magnetic stimulation rather than the mechanical stimulation. Finally, we confirmed that the effectiveness of the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation for the nerve axonal extension using PC12 cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20cell%20PC12" title="nerve cell PC12">nerve cell PC12</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axonal%20extension" title=" axonal extension"> axonal extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20regeneration" title=" nerve regeneration"> nerve regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic-mechanical%20stimulation" title=" electromagnetic-mechanical stimulation"> electromagnetic-mechanical stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioreactor" title=" bioreactor"> bioreactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73506/electromagnetic-mechanical-stimulation-on-pc12-for-enhancement-of-nerve-axonal-extension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> The Effect of Vibration Amplitude on Tissue Temperature and Lesion Size When Using a Vibrating Cardiac Catheter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaihong%20Yu">Kaihong Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsui%20Yamashita"> Tetsui Yamashita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeaki%20Shingyochi"> Shigeaki Shingyochi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuo%20Matsumoto"> Kazuo Matsumoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Ohta"> Makoto Ohta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During cardiac ablation, high power delivery for deeper lesion formation is limited by electrode-tissue interface overheating which can cause serious complications such as thrombus. To prevent this overheating, temperature control and open irrigation are often used. In temperature control, radiofrequency generator is adjusted to deliver the maximum output power, which maintains the electrode temperature at a target temperature (commonly 55°C or 60°C). Then the electrode-tissue interface temperature is also limited. The electrode temperature is a result of heating from the contacted tissue and cooling from the surrounding blood. Because the cooling from blood is decreased under conditions of low blood flow, the generator needs to decrease the output power. Thus, temperature control cannot deliver high power under conditions of low blood flow. In open irrigation, saline in room temperature is flushed through the holes arranged in the electrode. The electrode-tissue interface is cooled by the sufficient environmental cooling. And high power delivery can also be done under conditions of low blood flow. However, a large amount of saline infusions (approximately 1500 ml) during irrigation can cause other serious complication. When open irrigation cannot be used under conditions of low blood flow, a new overheating prevention may be required. The authors have proposed a new electrode cooling method by making the catheter vibrating. The previous work has introduced that the vibration can make a cooling effect on electrode, which may result form that the vibration could increase the flow velocity around the catheter. The previous work has also proved that increasing vibration frequency can increase the cooling by vibration. However, the effect of the vibration amplitude is still unknown. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of vibration amplitude on tissue temperature and lesion size. An agar phantom model was used as a tissue-equivalent material for measuring tissue temperature. Thermocouples were inserted into the agar to measure the internal temperature. Porcine myocardium was used for lesion size measurement. A normal ablation catheter was set perpendicular to the tissue (agar or porcine myocardium) with 10 gf contact force in 37°C saline without flow. Vibration amplitude of ± 0.5, ± 0.75, and ± 1.0 mm with a constant frequency (31 Hz or 63) was used. A temperature control protocol (45°C for agar phantom, 60°C for porcine myocardium) was used for the radiofrequency applications. The larger amplitude shows the larger lesion sizes. And the higher tissue temperatures in agar phantom are also shown with the higher amplitude. With a same frequency, the larger amplitude has the higher vibrating speed. And the higher vibrating speed will increase the flow velocity around the electrode more, which leads to a larger electrode temperature decrease. To maintain the electrode at the target temperature, ablator has to increase the output power. With the higher output power in the same duration, the released energy also increases. Consequently, the tissue temperature will be increased and lead to larger lesion sizes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20ablation" title="cardiac ablation">cardiac ablation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrode%20cooling" title=" electrode cooling"> electrode cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesion%20size" title=" lesion size"> lesion size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20temperature" title=" tissue temperature"> tissue temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35503/the-effect-of-vibration-amplitude-on-tissue-temperature-and-lesion-size-when-using-a-vibrating-cardiac-catheter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Evolution of Microstructure through Phase Separation via Spinodal Decomposition in Spinel Ferrite Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nipa%20Debnath">Nipa Debnath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harinarayan%20Das"> Harinarayan Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiko%20Kawaguchi"> Takahiko Kawaguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naonori%20Sakamoto"> Naonori Sakamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuo%20Shinozaki"> Kazuo Shinozaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisao%20Suzuki"> Hisao Suzuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoki%20Wakiya"> Naoki Wakiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays spinel ferrite magnetic thin films have drawn considerable attention due to their interesting magnetic and electrical properties with enhanced chemical and thermal stability. Spinel ferrite magnetic films can be implemented in magnetic data storage, sensors, and spin filters or microwave devices. It is well established that the structural, magnetic and transport properties of the magnetic thin films are dependent on microstructure. Spinodal decomposition (SD) is a phase separation process, whereby a material system is spontaneously separated into two phases with distinct compositions. The periodic microstructure is the characteristic feature of SD. Thus, SD can be exploited to control the microstructure at the nanoscale level. In bulk spinel ferrites having general formula, MₓFe₃₋ₓ O₄ (M= Co, Mn, Ni, Zn), phase separation via SD has been reported only for cobalt ferrite (CFO); however, long time post-annealing is required to occur the spinodal decomposition. We have found that SD occurs in CoF thin film without using any post-deposition annealing process if we apply magnetic field during thin film growth. Dynamic Aurora pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a specially designed PLD system through which in-situ magnetic field (up to 2000 G) can be applied during thin film growth. The in-situ magnetic field suppresses the recombination of ions in the plume. In addition, the peak’s intensity of the ions in the spectra of the plume also increases when magnetic field is applied to the plume. As a result, ions with high kinetic energy strike into the substrate. Thus, ion-impingement occurred under magnetic field during thin film growth. The driving force of SD is the ion-impingement towards the substrates that is induced by in-situ magnetic field. In this study, we report about the occurrence of phase separation through SD and evolution of microstructure after phase separation in spinel ferrite thin films. The surface morphology of the phase separated films show checkerboard like domain structure. The cross-sectional microstructure of the phase separated films reveal columnar type phase separation. Herein, the decomposition wave propagates in lateral direction which has been confirmed from the lateral composition modulations in spinodally decomposed films. Large magnetic anisotropy has been found in spinodally decomposed nickel ferrite (NFO) thin films. This approach approves that magnetic field is also an important thermodynamic parameter to induce phase separation by the enhancement of up-hill diffusion in thin films. This thin film deposition technique could be a more efficient alternative for the fabrication of self-organized phase separated thin films and employed in controlling of the microstructure at nanoscale level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dynamic%20Aurora%20PLD" title="Dynamic Aurora PLD">Dynamic Aurora PLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20anisotropy" title=" magnetic anisotropy"> magnetic anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinodal%20decomposition" title=" spinodal decomposition"> spinodal decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinel%20ferrite%20thin%20film" title=" spinel ferrite thin film"> spinel ferrite thin film</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86528/evolution-of-microstructure-through-phase-separation-via-spinodal-decomposition-in-spinel-ferrite-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Development of Three-Dimensional Bio-Reactor Using Magnetic Field Stimulation to Enhance PC12 Cell Axonal Extension </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eiji%20Nakamachi">Eiji Nakamachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryota%20Sakiyama"> Ryota Sakiyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Yamamoto"> Koji Yamamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuke%20Morita"> Yusuke Morita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidetoshi%20Sakamoto"> Hidetoshi Sakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The regeneration of injured central nerve network caused by the cerebrovascular accidents is difficult, because of poor regeneration capability of central nerve system composed of the brain and the spinal cord. Recently, new regeneration methods such as transplant of nerve cells and supply of nerve nutritional factor were proposed and examined. However, there still remain many problems with the canceration of engrafted cells and so on and it is strongly required to establish an efficacious treating method of a central nerve system. Blackman proposed the electromagnetic stimulation method to enhance the axonal nerve extension. In this study, we try to design and fabricate a new three-dimensional (3D) bio-reactor, which can load a uniform AC magnetic field stimulation on PC12 cells in the extracellular environment for enhancement of an axonal nerve extension and 3D nerve network generation. Simultaneously, we measure the morphology of PC12 cell bodies, axons, and dendrites by the multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscope (MPM) and evaluate the effectiveness of the uniform AC magnetic stimulation to enhance the axonal nerve extension. Firstly, we designed and fabricated the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation bio-reactor. For the AC magnetic stimulation system, we used the laminated silicon steel sheets for a yoke structure of 3D chamber, which had a high magnetic permeability. Next, we adopted the pole piece structure and installed similar specification coils on both sides of the yoke. We searched an optimum pole piece structure using the magnetic field finite element (FE) analyses and the response surface methodology. We confirmed that the optimum 3D chamber structure showed a uniform magnetic flux density in the PC12 cell culture area by using FE analysis. Then, we fabricated the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation bio-reactor by adopting analytically determined specifications, such as the size of chamber and electromagnetic conditions. We confirmed that measurement results of magnetic field in the chamber showed a good agreement with FE results. Secondly, we fabricated a dish, which set inside the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation of bio-reactor. PC12 cells were disseminated with collagen gel and could be 3D cultured in the dish. The collagen gel were poured in the dish. The collagen gel, which had a disk shape of 6 mm diameter and 3mm height, was set on the membrane filter, which was located at 4 mm height from the bottom of dish. The disk was full filled with the culture medium inside the dish. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation to enhance the nurve axonal extension. We confirmed that a 6.8 increase in the average axonal extension length of PC12 under the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation at 7 days culture in our bio-reactor, and a 24.7 increase in the maximum axonal extension length. Further, we confirmed that a 60 increase in the number of dendrites of PC12 under the uniform AC magnetic field stimulation. Finally, we confirm the availability of our uniform AC magnetic stimulation bio-reactor for the nerve axonal extension and the nerve network generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20regeneration" title="nerve regeneration">nerve regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axonal%20extension" title=" axonal extension "> axonal extension </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PC12%20cell" title=" PC12 cell"> PC12 cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20bio-reactor" title=" three-dimensional bio-reactor"> three-dimensional bio-reactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80976/development-of-three-dimensional-bio-reactor-using-magnetic-field-stimulation-to-enhance-pc12-cell-axonal-extension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Visco-Hyperelastic Finite Element Analysis for Diagnosis of Knee Joint Injury Caused by Meniscal Tearing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eiji%20Nakamachi">Eiji Nakamachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsuyoshi%20Eguchi"> Tsuyoshi Eguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayo%20Yamamoto"> Sayo Yamamoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuke%20Morita"> Yusuke Morita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sakamoto"> H. Sakamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we aim to reveal the relationship between the meniscal tearing and the articular cartilage injury of knee joint by using the dynamic explicit finite element (FE) method. Meniscal injuries reduce its functional ability and consequently increase the load on the articular cartilage of knee joint. In order to prevent the induction of osteoarthritis (OA) caused by meniscal injuries, many medical treatment techniques, such as artificial meniscus replacement and meniscal regeneration, have been developed. However, it is reported that these treatments are not the comprehensive methods. In order to reveal the fundamental mechanism of OA induction, the mechanical characterization of meniscus under the condition of normal and injured states is carried out by using FE analyses. At first, a FE model of the human knee joint in the case of normal state – ‘intact’ - was constructed by using the magnetron resonance (MR) tomography images and the image construction code, Materialize Mimics. Next, two types of meniscal injury models with the radial tears of medial and lateral menisci were constructed. In FE analyses, the linear elastic constitutive law was adopted for the femur and tibia bones, the visco-hyperelastic constitutive law for the articular cartilage, and the visco-anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive law for the meniscus, respectively. Material properties of articular cartilage and meniscus were identified using the stress-strain curves obtained by our compressive and the tensile tests. The numerical results under the normal walking condition revealed how and where the maximum compressive stress occurred on the articular cartilage. The maximum compressive stress and its occurrence point were varied in the intact and two meniscal tear models. These compressive stress values can be used to establish the threshold value to cause the pathological change for the diagnosis. In this study, FE analyses of knee joint were carried out to reveal the influence of meniscal injuries on the cartilage injury. The following conclusions are obtained. 1. 3D FE model, which consists femur, tibia, articular cartilage and meniscus was constructed based on MR images of human knee joint. The image processing code, Materialize Mimics was used by using the tetrahedral FE elements. 2. Visco-anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive equation was formulated by adopting the generalized Kelvin model. The material properties of meniscus and articular cartilage were determined by curve fitting with experimental results. 3. Stresses on the articular cartilage and menisci were obtained in cases of the intact and two radial tears of medial and lateral menisci. Through comparison with the case of intact knee joint, two tear models show almost same stress value and higher value than the intact one. It was shown that both meniscal tears induce the stress localization in both medial and lateral regions. It is confirmed that our newly developed FE analysis code has a potential to be a new diagnostic system to evaluate the meniscal damage on the articular cartilage through the mechanical functional assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title="finite element analysis">finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperelastic%20constitutive%20law" title=" hyperelastic constitutive law"> hyperelastic constitutive law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20joint%20injury" title=" knee joint injury"> knee joint injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meniscal%20tear" title=" meniscal tear"> meniscal tear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration" title=" stress concentration"> stress concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55777/visco-hyperelastic-finite-element-analysis-for-diagnosis-of-knee-joint-injury-caused-by-meniscal-tearing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> 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