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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مساعدة:تصانيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:تصانيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pang-ch%C4%81n:L%C5%ABi-pia%CC%8Dt_hun-l%C5%ABi" title="Pang-chān:Lūi-pia̍t hun-lūi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pang-chān:Lūi-pia̍t hun-lūi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%80%E1%80%8F%E1%80%B9%E1%80%8D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အကူအညီ:ကဏ္ဍများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အကူအညီ:ကဏ္ဍများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਮਦਦ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C" title="උදවු:ප්‍රවර්ග – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:ප්‍රවර්ග" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="مدد:زمرا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:زمرا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:ပိူင်ထၢၼ်ႈ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:ပိူင်ထၢၼ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:Categories" title="సహాయం:Categories – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహాయం:Categories" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cr%C3%A0nl%E1%BB%8D%CC%81w%E1%BB%8D%CC%81:%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9%CC%80ka" title="Ìrànlọ́wọ́:Àwọn ẹ̀ka – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìrànlọ́wọ́:Àwọn ẹ̀ka" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42102637#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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style="padding-bottom:0.7em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="alt=A link to a friendly place where you can ask questions to get help with using Wikipedia"><img alt="alt=A link to a friendly place where you can ask questions to get help with using Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Question_Circle.svg/50px-Question_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Question_Circle.svg/75px-Question_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Question_Circle.svg/100px-Question_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Assessing_article_quality" title="Help:Assessing article quality">Assessing article quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Censorship" title="Help:Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Disambiguation" title="Help:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Images and multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:ISBN" title="Help:ISBN">ISBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Microformats" title="Help:Microformats">Microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_download" title="Wikipedia:Database download">Offline access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Portals" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Portals">Portals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Student help</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Researching_with_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia">Researching with Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Readers' glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Readers' index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Appendixes/Reader%27s_guide_to_Wikipedia" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual/Appendixes/Reader's guide to Wikipedia"><i>Reader's guide to Wikipedia</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reader_help" title="Template:Reader help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reader_help" title="Template talk:Reader help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reader_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reader help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Categories</b> are used in Wikipedia to link articles under a common topic and are found at the bottom of the article page. Clicking the category name displays a list of articles in that category, below a list of sub-categories (<i>categories</i> in that category) (if any). Categories allow readers to navigate through Wikipedia and find related articles. </p><p>Categories are not displayed in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">mobile version</a>. Mobile users can click "Desktop" at the bottom of a page to see the desktop version with categories. Registered users can enable <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions" class="extiw" title="mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions">Advanced mode</a> which includes a "Categories" button. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicken_Eyeglasses_categories.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Chicken_Eyeglasses_categories.png/900px-Chicken_Eyeglasses_categories.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="430" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Chicken_Eyeglasses_categories.png/1350px-Chicken_Eyeglasses_categories.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Chicken_Eyeglasses_categories.png 2x" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="798"/></a><figcaption>The bottom of the Wikipedia article <a href="/wiki/Chicken_eyeglasses" title="Chicken eyeglasses">Chicken eyeglasses</a>. At the very bottom of the page, below the References, navigation templates and external links are a series of links. These links are the categories used on the page, which include: <a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_welfare" title="Category:Animal welfare">Category:Animal welfare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_equipment" title="Category:Animal equipment">Category:Animal equipment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Eyewear" title="Category:Eyewear">Category:Eyewear</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Poultry_farming" title="Category:Poultry farming">Category:Poultry farming</a>. By clicking on the category link at the bottom of the page, readers can navigate the Category tree (see below).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Category_tree" data-mw-thread-id="h-Category_tree"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Category_tree"></span>Category tree<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Category_tree"></span></h2></div> <p>All of the categories form a hierarchy, although sub-categories may be a member of more than one category. An example of a small part of this hierarchical structure looks somewhat like this: </p> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <pre> <a href="/wiki/Category:Main_topic_classifications" title="Category:Main topic classifications">Category:Main topic classifications</a> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Category:History" title="Category:History">Category:History</a> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Category:History_by_location" title="Category:History by location">Category:History by location</a> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Category:History_by_country" title="Category:History by country">Category:History by country</a> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Australia" title="Category:History of Australia">Category:History of Australia</a> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Australia_by_location" title="Category:History of Australia by location">Category:History of Australia by location</a> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Australia_by_state_or_territory" title="Category:History of Australia by state or territory">Category:History of Australia by state or territory</a> ↓ New South Wales, Queensland, etc. </pre> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The actual relationship is more complex since a category may appear as a subcategory of several other categories. The actual relationship of part of the category structure looks like this: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Category-diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Category-diagram.png/400px-Category-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Category-diagram.png/600px-Category-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Category-diagram.png/800px-Category-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1254" data-file-height="636"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The uppermost category in the hierarchy is <a href="/wiki/Category:Contents" title="Category:Contents">Category:Contents</a>. From here all other categories branch out, including those that are used for the maintenance of Wikipedia. </p><p>If an entry in a category is shown in <i>italics</i> it is a redirect to an article of a different name or a section of an article that contains information about that particular subject. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <hr/> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style="background-color: #cee0f2; color: inherit;"><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="30" dir="ltr"/></div> <span class="cdx-checkbox cdx-checkbox--inline"><input type="checkbox" name="ns12" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns12-0.107686199878" class="cdx-checkbox__input" checked=""/><span class="cdx-checkbox__icon"></span><label class="cdx-checkbox__label" for="mw-inputbox-ns12-0.107686199878">Help</label></span> <span 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_categorization_navbox" title="Template:Wikipedia categorization navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_categorization_navbox" title="Template talk:Wikipedia categorization navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_categorization_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia categorization navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_categorization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia categorization</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Category_names" title="Wikipedia:Category names">Category names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization">Overcategorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_articles_about_people" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people">Categorizing articles about people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:People_by_year" title="Wikipedia:People by year">People by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization/Sorting_names" title="Wikipedia:Categorization/Sorting 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title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization">FAQ for editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Container_category" title="Wikipedia:Container category">Container categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_portals" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing portals">Categorizing portals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Category_classification_templates" title="Wikipedia:Category classification templates">Category classification templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Category_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Category namespace">Template index/Category namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PetScan" title="Wikipedia:PetScan">PetScan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discussions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Categories 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