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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Zaydism</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Zaydism" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Zaydism" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" 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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the surname Zaidi and other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Zaidi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zaidi (disambiguation)">Zaidi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Zaydism (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الزَّيْدِيَّة, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: az-Zaydiyya) is one of the three main branches<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2010436-1">[1]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a> that emerged in the eighth century following <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a>‘s <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Revolt of Zayd ibn Ali">unsuccessful rebellion</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Zaydism is typically considered to be a branch of Shia Islam that comes closest to the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a>, although the "classical" form of Zaydism (usually referred to as Hadawi) over the centuries had changed its posture with regard to Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where interpretation of Zaydi as Shia is often based on just their acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> as a rightful successor to prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203-3">[3]</a> Mainstream ("<a href="/wiki/Twelver" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver">twelver</a>") Shia sometimes consider Zaydism to be a "<a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">fifth school</a>" of Sunni Islam.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Zaydis regard <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a> as more important than <a href="/wiki/Quranic_literalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Quranic literalism">Quranic literalism</a> and in the past were quite tolerant towards Sunni <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i_school" title="Shafi'i school">Shafi'ism</a>, a religion of about half of the <a href="/wiki/Yemenis" title="Yemenis">Yemenis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285-5">[5]</a> <table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Zaydis</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ansar_Allah_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ansar_Allah_Logo.svg/250px-Ansar_Allah_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ansar_Allah_Logo.svg/375px-Ansar_Allah_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Ansar_Allah_Logo.svg/500px-Ansar_Allah_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="240"></a><div class="infobox-caption">A calligraphic logo used by Ansar Allah, a Zaydi Shia movement in Yemen commonly called the Houthis, with Arabic text: "Oh ye who believe, be supporters of God" (Quran 61:14)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Founder</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2ccb9">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">north-western <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style> Most of the world's Zaydis are located in Northern <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, and in the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Najran" title="Najran">Najran</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Law">2 Law</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Theology">3 Theology</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Beliefs">3.1 Beliefs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#History_2">4 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Status_of_Caliphs_and_the_Sahaba">4.1 Status of Caliphs and the Sahaba</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Twelver_Shia_references_to_Zayd">4.2 Twelver Shia references to Zayd</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Empires">4.3 Empires</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Justanids">4.3.1 Justanids</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Karkiya_dynasty">4.3.2 Karkiya dynasty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Alid_dynasty">4.3.3 Alid dynasty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Idrisid_dynasty">4.3.4 Idrisid dynasty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Banu_Ukhaidhir">4.3.5 Banu Ukhaidhir</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Hammudid_dynasty">4.3.6 Hammudid dynasty</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Mutawakili">4.3.7 Mutawakili</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Community_and_former_States">4.4 Community and former States</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Houthi_Yemen">4.4.1 Houthi Yemen</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Imams_of_Zaidis">5 Imams of Zaidis</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Further_reading">8 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> In the 7th century some early Muslims expected <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> to become a first <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a>, successor to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. After ascension of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, supporters of Ali (and future Shia) continued to believe only people from the Prophet's family to qualify as rulers and selected one leader, imam, from each generation (the proto-Sunni, in contrast, recognized Abu Bakr as a <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">legitimate first caliph</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285-5">[5]</a> The Zaydis emerged in reverence of <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Revolt of Zayd ibn Ali">failed uprising</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a> (<abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 724–743). While a majority of the early Shia recognized Zayd's brother, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a>, as the fifth leader, some considered Zayd as the fifth imam, and thus in the <a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th century</a> formed the Zaydi or "Fivers" offshoot of Islam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285-5">[5]</a> The Zaydis formed the states in what is now known as <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iran" title="Northern Iran">northern Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabaristan" title="Tabaristan">Tabaristan</a>, 864 <a href="/wiki/Common_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Common era">CE</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd" title="Hasan ibn Zayd">Hasan ibn Zayd</a>, expanded to <a href="/wiki/Daylam" title="Daylam">Daylam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan">Gilan</a>) and later in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> (893 CE, by <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a>). The Zaydis on the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> were forcefully converted to <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a> in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285%E2%80%93286-6">[6]</a> The Zaydis in Yemen had initially lived in the highlands and the northern territories, but extent of their dominance away from their capital of 7 centuries, <a href="/wiki/Saada" title="Saada">Saada</a>, had been changing over time. <a href="/wiki/Rassid_dynasty" title="Rassid dynasty">Rassid dynasty</a> was established after an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> invasion in the 16th century. After another interaction with Ottomans, a new succession line was started in the 19th century by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Yahya_Hamid_ad-Din" title="Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din">Muhammad bin Yahya Hamid ad-Din</a>. With minor interruptions, these two dynasties ruled in Yemen until the creation of <a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">Yemen Arab Republic</a> in 1962. While the rulers ostensibly conformed to Hadawi law (thus the "imamate"), the doctrines had to be modified to allow hereditary, as opposed to traditional merit-based, selection of imams.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010286-7">[7]</a> The end of imam rule in 1962, with the new rulers in Yemen no longer conforming to the requirements of Zaydism, caused Zaydi scholars to call for the restoration of the imamate. This contributed to the <a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a> that lasted from 1962 to 1970.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEObaid202373-8">[8]</a> The national reconciliation of 1970 paused the fighting with traumatized Zaydis following three main routes:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEObaid202374-9">[9]</a> <ul><li>joining the new political system (the religious <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Truth_(Yemen)" title="Party of Truth (Yemen)">Party of Truth</a> was created in 1990);</li> <li>restoring the spiritual and cultural heritage of Zaydism by opening religious centers and encouraging the tribes to send their youth for education there;</li> <li>preparing for the future fighting (<a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthi movement</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Hussein_al-Houthi" title="Hussein al-Houthi">Hussein al-Houthi</a> was readying the militia).</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Law">Law</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Law" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> In matters of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic jurisprudence">Islamic jurisprudence</a>, the Zaydis follow <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd Ibn 'Ali</a>'s teachings which are documented in his book Majmu’ Al-Fiqh (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: مجموع الفِقه). Zaydi <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a> is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> Islamic jurisprudence,<a href="#cite_note-Sayyid_2005-10">[10]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadi</a> school. <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a>, the founder of the Hanafi school, was favorable and even donated towards the Zaydi cause.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Zaydis dismiss religious dissimulation (<a href="/wiki/Taqiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqiya">taqiyya</a>).<a href="#cite_note-p149-12">[12]</a> Zaydism does not rely heavily on <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>, but uses those that are consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>, and is open to hadith. Some sources argue that Zaydism is simply a philosophy of political government that justifies the overthrow of unjust rulers and prioritizes those who are <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Haider<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203%E2%80%93204-14">[14]</a> states that mainstream Zaydism (Hadawi) is a result of interaction of two currents, <a href="/wiki/Batrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Batrism">Batrism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jarudism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarudism">Jarudism</a>, their followers brought together during the original Zayd's rebellion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2010203%E2%80%93204-15">[15]</a> These names, also designated as Batri and Jarudi, do not necessarily represent cohesive groups of people, for example, Batrism ideas (proto-Sunni) were dominant among Zaydi in the 8th century, and Jarudism (Shia) took over in the 9th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203%E2%80%93204-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021436-16">[16]</a> The following table summarizes the differences between Batri and Jarudi beliefs per Haider:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021209-17">[17]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Batri vs. Jarudi </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 50%;">Batri </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 50%;">Jarudi </th></tr> <tr> <td>Muhammad designated Ali as a caliph implicitly</td> <td>Ali was clearly named by the Prophet </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ali's opponents were victims of a bad judgement. They should not be cursed or declared <a href="/wiki/Apostates" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostates">apostates</a></td> <td>Ali's opponents were apostates and can be cursed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Imamate can go to a less worthy candidate</td> <td>Only the most worthy candidate shall become an imam </td></tr> <tr> <td>Legal authority is vested in the entire Muslim community</td> <td>Only Ali's and Fatima's descendants have the legal authority </td></tr> <tr> <td>Doctrines of <a href="/wiki/Raj%27a" title="Raj'a">raj'a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taqiyya" title="Taqiyya">taqiyya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bada%27" title="Bada'">bada'</a> are not valid.</td> <td>Raja, taqiyya, and bada' are accepted. </td></tr></tbody></table> Zaydis’ theological literature puts an emphasis on social justice and human responsibility, and its political implications, i.e. Muslims have an ethical and legal obligation by their religion to rise up and depose unjust leaders including unrighteous sultans and caliphs.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beliefs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Zaydis believe <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a> was the rightful successor to the imamate because he led a rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate, which he believed was tyrannical and corrupt. Muhammad al-Baqir did not engage in political action and the followers of Zayd believed that a true Imām must fight against corrupt rulers.<a href="#cite_note-Arab_East_1996,_p97-19">[19]</a> The renowned Muslim jurist <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a>, who is credited with founding the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, delivered a <a href="/wiki/Fatw%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatwā">fatwā</a> or legal statement in favour of Zayd in his rebellion against the Umayyad ruler. He also urged people in secret to join the uprising and delivered funds to Zayd.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Unlike Twelver and <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili Shi'ism</a>, Zaydis do not believe in the <a href="/wiki/Ismah" title="Ismah">infallibility of Imams</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and reject the notion of <a href="/wiki/Nass_(Islam)" title="Nass (Islam)">nass imamate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-21">[21]</a> but believe that an Imam can be any descendant of Hasan ibn ʻAlī or Husayn ibn ʻAlī. Zaydis believe that <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a> in his last hour was betrayed by the people in <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Zaydis reject <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphism</a> and instead, take a rationalist approach to scriptural uses of anthropomorphic expressions, as illustrated in works such as the Kitāb al-Mustarshid by the 9th-century Zaydi imam <a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">al-Qasim al-Rassi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Abrahamov-23">[23]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="History_2">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fakhkh" title="Battle of Fakhkh">Battle of Fakhkh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alid_revolt_of_762%E2%80%93763" title="Alid revolt of 762–763">Alid revolt of 762–763</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_of_Caliphs_and_the_Sahaba">Status of Caliphs and the Sahaba</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Status of Caliphs and the Sahaba" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></div> There was a difference of opinion among the companions and supporters of Zayd ibn 'Ali, such as Abu al-Jarud Ziyad ibn Abi Ziyad, Sulayman ibn Jarir, Kathir al-Nawa al-Abtar and Hasan ibn Salih, concerning the status of the first three <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a> caliphs who succeeded to the political and administrative authority of Muhammad. The earliest group, called <a href="/wiki/Jarudiyya" title="Jarudiyya">Jarudiyya</a> (named for Abu al-Jarud Ziyad ibn Abi Ziyad), was opposed to the approval of certain <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">companions of the Prophet</a>. They held that there was sufficient description given by the Prophet that all should have recognized <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> as the rightful caliph. They therefore consider the Companions wrong in failing to recognise 'Ali as the legitimate Caliph and deny legitimacy to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a>; however, they avoid accusing them.<a href="#cite_note-auto-24">[24]</a> The Jarudiyya were active during the late Umayyad Caliphate and early <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>. Its views, although predominant among the later Zaydis, especially in Yemen under the Hadawi sub-sect, <a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_Shia_sects" title="List of extinct Shia sects">became extinct in Iraq and Iran</a> due to forced conversion of the present religious sects to <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-24">[24]</a> The second group, the Sulaymaniyya, named for Sulayman ibn Jarir, held that the Imamate should be a matter to be decided by consultation. They felt that the companions, including Abu Bakr and 'Umar, had been in error in failing to follow 'Ali but it did not amount to sin.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The third group is known as the <a href="/wiki/Batriyya" title="Batriyya">Batriyya</a>, Tabiriyya, or Salihiyya for Kathir an-Nawa al-Abtar and Hasan ibn Salih. Their beliefs are virtually identical to those of the Sulaymaniyya, except they see Uthman also as in error but not in sin.<a href="#cite_note-Sayyid_2005_p.50,_51-26">[26]</a> The term <a href="/wiki/Rafida" title="Rafida">rafida</a> was a term used by Zayd ibn Ali on those who rejected him in his last hours for his refusal to condemn the first two Caliphs of the Muslim world, Abu Bakr and Umar.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Zayd bitterly scolds the "rejectors" (rafidha) who deserted him, an appellation used by <a href="/wiki/Salafis" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafis">Salafis</a> to refer to Twelver Shi'a to this day.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">A group of their leaders assembled in his (Zayd's presence) and said: "May God have mercy on you! What do you have to say on the matter of Abu Bakr and Umar?" Zayd said, "I have not heard anyone in my family renouncing them both nor saying anything but good about them...when they were entrusted with government they behaved justly with the people and acted according to the Qur'an and the Sunnah"<a href="#cite_note-Tabar%C4%AB,_Carole_Hillenbrand_1989,_p37-29">[29]</a></blockquote> According to Zaydi traditions, Rāfiḍa referred to those <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufans</a> who deserted and refused to support <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a>, who had a favourable view of the first two <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The term "Rāfiḍa" became a popular pejorative term used by the Zaydi scholars against Imami Shias to criticize their rejection of <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd ibn Ali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twelver_Shia_references_to_Zayd">Twelver Shia references to Zayd</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Twelver Shia references to Zayd" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> While not one of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a> embraced by Twelver Shi'ism, Zayd ibn Ali features in historical accounts within Twelver literature in a positive and negative light. In Twelver accounts, Imam <a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Ridha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali al-Ridha">Ali al-Ridha</a> narrated how his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a>, also supported Zayd ibn Ali's struggle: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">he was one of the scholars from the Household of Muhammad and got angry for the sake of the Honorable the Exalted God. He fought with the enemies of God until he got killed in His path. My father Musa ibn Ja’far narrated that he had heard his father Ja’far ibn Muhammad say, "May God bless my uncle Zayd... He consulted with me about his uprising and I told him, "O my uncle! Do this if you are pleased with being killed and your corpse being hung up from the gallows in the al-Konasa neighbourhood." After Zayd left, As-Sadiq said, "Woe be to those who hear his call but do not help him!".<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Uyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā,<a href="#cite_note-UAR-36">[36]</a> p. 466</cite></div></blockquote> Jafar al-Sadiq's love for Zayd ibn Ali was so immense that he broke down and cried upon reading the letter informing him of his death and proclaimed: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">From God we are and to Him is our return. I ask God for my reward in this calamity. He was a really good uncle. My uncle was a man for our world and for our Hereafter. I swear by God that my uncle is a martyr just like the martyrs who fought along with God’s Prophet or Ali or Al-Hassan or Al-Hussein<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Uyūn akhbār al-Riḍā,<a href="#cite_note-UAR-36">[36]</a> p. 472</cite></div></blockquote> However, in other hadiths, narrated in <a href="/wiki/Al-Kafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kafi">Al-Kafi</a>, the main Shia book of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>, Zayd ibn Ali is criticized by his half-brother, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, for his revolt against the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad Dynasty">Umayyad Dynasty</a>. According to Alexander Shepard, an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Studies">Islamic Studies</a> specialist, much of Twelver ahadith and theology was written to counter Zaydism.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empires">Empires</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Empires" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Justanids">Justanids</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Justanids" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Justanids" title="Justanids">Justanids</a> (Persian: جستانیان‎) were the rulers of a part of Daylam (the mountainous district of Gilan) from 791 to the late 11th century. After Marzuban ibn Justan converted to Islam in 805, the ancient family of Justan's became connected to the Zaydi Alids of the Daylam region. The Justanids adopted the Zaydi form of Shi'ism. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Karkiya_dynasty">Karkiya dynasty</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Karkiya dynasty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Karkiya_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkiya dynasty">Karkiya dynasty</a>, or Kia dynasty, was a Zaydi Shia dynasty which ruled over Bia pish (eastern Gilan) from the 1370s to 1592. They claimed Sasanian ancestry as well.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alid_dynasty">Alid dynasty</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Alid dynasty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Alid dynasty of Tabaristan. See <a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alid dynasties of northern Iran</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Idrisid_dynasty">Idrisid dynasty</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Idrisid dynasty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idrisids-eng.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Idrisids-eng.PNG/150px-Idrisids-eng.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 96px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Idrisids-eng.PNG/150px-Idrisids-eng.PNG" data-width="150" data-height="96" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Idrisids-eng.PNG/225px-Idrisids-eng.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Idrisids-eng.PNG/300px-Idrisids-eng.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Extent of Zaydi dynasty in North Africa.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisid dynasty</a> was a Zaydi dynasty centered around modern-day Morocco. It was named after its first leader <a href="/wiki/Idris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Idris I">Idris I</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Banu_Ukhaidhir">Banu Ukhaidhir</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Banu Ukhaidhir" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Banu Ukhaidhir</a> was a dynasty that ruled in <a href="/wiki/Yamamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamamah">al-Yamamah</a> (central <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>) from 867 to at least the mid-eleventh century. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hammudid_dynasty">Hammudid dynasty</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hammudid dynasty" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Hammudid_dynasty" title="Hammudid dynasty">Hammudid dynasty</a> was a Zaydi dynasty in the 11th century in southern Spain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mutawakili">Mutawakili</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mutawakili" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_yemen_religion_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/North_yemen_religion_map.png/150px-North_yemen_religion_map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="74" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="739"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 74px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/North_yemen_religion_map.png/150px-North_yemen_religion_map.png" data-width="150" data-height="74" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/North_yemen_religion_map.png/225px-North_yemen_religion_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/North_yemen_religion_map.png/300px-North_yemen_religion_map.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Zaydi regions (orange) in Yemen's interior, excludes <a href="/wiki/Tihamah" title="Tihamah">Tihamah</a> on the coast.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen</a>, also known as North Yemen, existed between 1918 and 1962 in the northern part of what is now Yemen. Its capital was Sana'a until 1948, then Ta'izz. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_and_former_States">Community and former States</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Community and former States" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since the earliest form of Zaydism was <a href="/wiki/Jaroudiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaroudiah">Jaroudiah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Sayyid_2005_p.50,_51-26">[26]</a> many of the first Zaidi states were supporters of its position, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alavids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran Province">Mazandaran Province</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Buyid_dynasty" title="Buyid dynasty">Buyid dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan Province</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> dynasties of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Banu Ukhaidhir</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] of <a href="/wiki/Al-Yamama" title="Al-Yamama">al-Yamama</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Rassids" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Rassids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisid dynasty</a> in the western <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> were another Arab<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Zaydi<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> dynasty, ruling 788–985. The Alavids established a Zaydi state in <a href="/wiki/Deylaman" title="Deylaman">Deylaman</a> and Tabaristan (northern Iran) in 864;<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the Sunni <a href="/wiki/Samanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanids">Samanids</a> in 928. Roughly forty years later, the state was revived in Gilan (Northwest Iran) and survived until 1126. From the 12th–13th centuries, Zaydi communities acknowledged the <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a> or rival Imams within Iran.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The Buyid dynasty was initially Zaidi<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> as were the Banu Ukhaidhir rulers of al-Yamama in the 9th and 10th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The leader of the Zaidi community took the title of <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a>. As such, the ruler of Yemen was known as the Caliph. <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a>, a descendant of Imam Hasan ibn Ali, founded this <a href="/wiki/Rassids" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Rassid</a> state at <a href="/wiki/Sa%27dah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'dah">Sa'da</a>, al-Yaman, in c. 893–897. The Rassid <a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a> continued until the middle of the 20th century, when a 1962 revolution deposed the Imam. After the fall of the Zaydi Imamate in 1962 many[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Zaydi Shia in northern Yemen had converted to Sunni Islam.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Zaydism#Dubious" title="Talk:Zaydism">discuss</a>] The Rassid state was founded under Jarudiyya thought;<a href="#cite_note-Sayyid_2005-10">[10]</a> however, increasing interactions with <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> schools of Sunni Islam led to a shift to Sulaimaniyyah thought, especially among the Hadawi sub-sect. In the 21st century, the most prominent Zaidi movement is the Shabab Al Mu'mineen, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a>, who have been engaged in an uprising against the Yemeni Government, causing a grave humanitarian crisis in north Yemen.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Some Persian and Arab legends record that Zaidis fled to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> from the Umayyads during the 8th century.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Houthi_Yemen">Houthi Yemen</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Houthi Yemen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg/250px-Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg/250px-Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg/375px-Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg/500px-Ansar_Allah_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthi movement</a>, associated with the Zaydit doctrine</figcaption></figure>Since 2004 in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, Zaidi fighters have been waging an <a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthi insurgency in Yemen">uprising</a> against factions belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> majority group in the country. The <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a>, as they are often called, have asserted that their actions are for the defense of their community from the government and discrimination, though the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Yemen" title="Politics of Yemen">Yemeni government</a> in turn accused them of wishing to bring it down and institute religious law.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> On 21 September 2014, an agreement was signed in <a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a> under <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> patronage essentially giving the Houthis <a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">control of the government</a> after a decade of conflict.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Tribal militias then moved swiftly to consolidate their <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sana%27a_(2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sana'a (2014)">position</a> in the capital, with the group officially declaring direct control over the state on 6 February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> This outcome followed the <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Revolution">removal</a> of Yemen's President <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a> in 2012 in the wake of protracted <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> protests. Saudi Arabia has exercised the predominant external influence in Yemen since the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser's</a> Egyptian expeditionary force marking the end of the bitter <a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> There is a wide array of domestic opponents to Houthi rule in Yemen, ranging from the conservative Sunni <a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Islah Party</a> to the secular socialist <a href="/wiki/Southern_Movement" title="Southern Movement">Southern Movement</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">radical Islamists</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a> and, since 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Islamic State – Yemen Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Imams_of_Zaidis">Imams of Zaidis</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Imams of Zaidis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a> constitute one line of Zaidi imams. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen#List_of_imams" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen § List of imams</a></div> A timeline indicating Zaidi Imams in the early period amongst other Shia Imams as listed in Al-Masaabeeh fee As-Seerah by Ahmad bin Ibrahim is as follows:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Al-Hasan</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Al-Husayn</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Al-Ḥusayn</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Hasan al-Mu'thannā</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Al-Ḥasan</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Al-Ḥusayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Zayd" title="Yahya ibn Zayd">Yahya</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Nafs_al-Zakiyya" title="Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya">Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Abdallah" title="Ibrahim ibn Abdallah">Ibrahim</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Shah_Ghazi" title="Abdullah Shah Ghazi">Abdullah</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Nafs_al-Zakiyya" title="Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya">Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hasan_ibn_Ibrahim_ibn_Abdullah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hasan ibn Ibrahim ibn Abdullah (page does not exist)">Al-Ḥasan</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Abdallah" title="Ibrahim ibn Abdallah">Ibrahim</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Husayn_ibn_Ali_al-Abid" title="Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid">Al-Ḥusayn</a> ibn ʿAlī al-ʿĀbid ibn Ḥasan al-Mu'thallath ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li>ʿĪsā (Father of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Isa_ibn_Zayd" title="Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd">Aḥmad</a>) ibn <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Abdallah" title="Yahya ibn Abdallah">Yāhyā</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_I_of_Morocco" title="Idris I of Morocco">Idris I</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tabataba" title="Ibn Tabataba">Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā</a> ibn Ismāʿīl al-Dībāj ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ghamr ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li>Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a></li> <li>Muḥammad ibn Sulayman ibn Dawud ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Al-Qāsīm ibn Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā</a> ibn Ismāʿīl al-Dībāj ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ghamr ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">al-Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Umar">Yaḥyā</a> ibn ʿUmar ibn Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn Dhū'l-Dām'a ibn <a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Ali" title="Zayd ibn Ali">Zayd</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a></li></ol> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Idrisid" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrisid">Idrisid</a> <a href="/wiki/Idris_I_of_Morocco#Genealogy" title="Idris I of Morocco">dynasty</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Morocco" title="List of rulers of Morocco">Morocco</a> in 803)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Idris_I_of_Morocco" title="Idris I of Morocco">Idris I</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Idris" title="Muhammad ibn Idris">Muhammad</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Muhammad" title="Ali ibn Muhammad">Ali I</a> ibn Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Muhammad" title="Yahya ibn Muhammad">Yahya I</a> ibn Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Yahya" title="Yahya ibn Yahya">Yahya II</a> ibn Yahya I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Umar" title="Ali ibn Umar">Ali II</a> ibn Umar ibn <a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Yahya ibn al-Qasim">Yahya III</a> ibn Al-Qasim ibn <a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Idris_ibn_Umar" title="Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar">Yahya IV</a> ibn Idris ibn Umar ibn <a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Hajjam_al-Hasan_ibn_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_al-Qasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Hajjam al-Hasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Qasim (page does not exist)">Al-Hasan I</a> ibn Muḥammad ibn Al-Qasim ibn <a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_Guennoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Qasim Guennoun">Al-Qasim Guennoun</a> ibn Muḥammad ibn Al-Qasim ibn <a href="/wiki/Idris_II_of_Morocco" title="Idris II of Morocco">Idris II</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul-Aish_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul-Aish Ahmad">Abul-Aish Ahmad</a> ibn Al-Qasim Guennoun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_Kannun" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasan ibn Kannun">Al-Hasan II</a> ibn Al-Qasim Guennoun</li></ol> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Zaydid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaydid dynasty">Zaydid dynasty</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Tabaristan" title="Tabaristan">Tabaristan</a> in 864)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd" title="Hasan ibn Zayd">Hasan ibn Zayd</a> ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan">Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Zayd" title="Muhammad ibn Zayd">Muḥammad</a> ibn Zayd ibn Muḥammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Utrush" title="Hasan al-Utrush">Hasan al-Utrush</a> ibn Ali ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Umar al-Ashraf ibn <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Husayn_Zayn_al-Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin">ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn</a></li> <li>Hasan ibn Al-Qasim ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Al-Qāsīm ibn <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Zayd_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan">Hasan ibn Zayd ibn Hasan</a> or Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Qāsīm[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Ahmad ibn Hasan or Abu'l-Husayn Ahmad ibn Hasan</li> <li>Ja'far ibn Hasan or Abu'l-Qasim Ja'far ibn Hasan</li> <li>Muḥammad ibn Ahmad or Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Ahmad</li> <li>Husayn ibn Ahmad or Abu Ja'far Husayn ibn Ahmad</li></ol> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Ukhaydhirites dynasty</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> in 866 after the revolt of <a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Yusuf" title="Isma'il ibn Yusuf">Ismā'īl b. Yūsūf</a>ū<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">ʾl-Ukhayḍir</a> b. Ibrāhīm b. Mūsā al-Jawn b. <a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahd" title="Abd Allah al-Mahd">ʿAbd Allāh al-Kāmīl</a> b. <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Hasan" title="Hasan ibn Hasan">Ḥasan al-Mu'thannā</a> b. <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Ḥasan al-Mujtabā</a>)</li></ul> <ol><li>Muḥammad ibn Yūsūfū<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">ʾl-Ukhayḍir</a> ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Jawn (brother of <a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Yusuf" title="Isma'il ibn Yusuf">Isma'il ibn Yusuf</a>ū<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">ʾl-Ukhayḍir</a>)</li> <li>Yūsūf ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsūfū<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">ʾl-Ukhayḍir</a> (son of Muḥammad ibn Yūsūfū<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">ʾl-Ukhayḍir</a> & grandson of Yūsūfū<a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">ʾl-Ukhayḍir</a> ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā al-Jawn)</li> <li>Isma'il ibn Yūsūf ibn Muḥammad (son of #2)</li> <li>Al-Hasan ibn Yūsūf ibn Muḥammad (son of #2 & brother of #3)</li> <li>Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan ibn Yūsūf (son of #4)</li> <li>Abu'l-Muqallid Ja'far ibn Aḥmad ibn Al-Hasan (son of #5)</li></ol> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Rassid_dynasty" title="Rassid dynasty">Rassid dynasty</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen#List_of_imams" title="Imams of Yemen">Yemen</a> in 897)</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya</a> ibn Al-Ḥusayn ibn <a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Al-Qāsīm ibn Ibrāhīm Ṭabāṭabā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Murtada_Muhammad" title="Al-Murtada Muhammad">al-Murtada Muhammad</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Yāhyā</a> ibn Al-Husayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Ahmad_(Zaidi_imam)" title="An-Nasir Ahmad (Zaidi imam)">An-Nasir Ahmad</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Yāhyā</a> ibn Al-Husayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muntakhab_al-Hasan" title="Al-Muntakhab al-Hasan">Al-Muntakhab al-Hasan</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Ahmad_(Zaidi_imam)" title="An-Nasir Ahmad (Zaidi imam)">An-Nasir Ahmad</a> ibn <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila%27l-Haqq_Yahya" title="Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya">Yāhyā</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ol> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imams_of_Yemen" title="Imams of Yemen">Imams of Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukayniyya_Shia" title="Dukayniyya Shia">Dukayniyya Shia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalafiyya_Shia" title="Khalafiyya Shia">Khalafiyya Shia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khashabiyya_Shia" title="Khashabiyya Shia">Khashabiyya Shia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_history_of_Yemen" title="Islamic history of Yemen">Islamic history of Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaidi_(surname)" title="Zaidi (surname)">Zaidi (surname)</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2010436-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider2010436_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaider2010">Haider 2010</a>, p. 436. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStephen_W._Day2012" class="citation book cs1">Stephen W. Day (2012). Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107022157" title="Special:BookSources/9781107022157"><bdi>9781107022157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regionalism+and+Rebellion+in+Yemen%3A+A+Troubled+National+Union&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781107022157&rft.au=Stephen+W.+Day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaider2021">Haider 2021</a>, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFattah2012" class="citation web cs1">Fattah, Khaled (11 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2012/05/yemens-sectarian-spring?lang=en">"Yemen's Sectarian Spring"</a>. Sada. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Endowment">Carnegie Endowment</a>. Retrieved 11 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sada&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+Sectarian+Spring&rft.date=2012-05-11&rft.aulast=Fattah&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fsada%2F2012%2F05%2Fyemens-sectarian-spring%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285_5-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalmoniLoidoltWells2010">Salmoni, Loidolt & Wells 2010</a>, p. 285. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285–286-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010285%E2%80%93286_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalmoniLoidoltWells2010">Salmoni, Loidolt & Wells 2010</a>, pp. 285–286. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010286-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmoniLoidoltWells2010286_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalmoniLoidoltWells2010">Salmoni, Loidolt & Wells 2010</a>, p. 286. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEObaid202373-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEObaid202373_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFObaid2023">Obaid 2023</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEObaid202374-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEObaid202374_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFObaid2023">Obaid 2023</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sayyid_2005-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sayyid_2005_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayyid_2005_10-1">b</a> Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, At-tarikh aṣ-ṣaghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen (Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shi‘ites), 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, Page 14, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_B%C3%B6wering" title="Gerhard Böwering">Gerhard Böwering</a>, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza - 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-p149-12"><a href="#cite_ref-p149_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Regional Surveys of the World: The Middle East and North Africa 2003. London, England: Europa Publications. 2003. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-132-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-132-2"><bdi>978-1-85743-132-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regional+Surveys+of+the+World%3A+The+Middle+East+and+North+Africa+2003&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Europa+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-132-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMAYSAA_SHUJA_AL-DEEN" class="citation web cs1">MAYSAA SHUJA AL-DEEN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/06/07/yemen-s-war-torn-rivalries-for-religious-education-pub-84651">"Yemen's War-torn Rivalries for Religious Education"</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen%27s+War-torn+Rivalries+for+Religious+Education&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.au=MAYSAA+SHUJA+AL-DEEN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2021%2F06%2F07%2Fyemen-s-war-torn-rivalries-for-religious-education-pub-84651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203–204-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203%E2%80%93204_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider2021203%E2%80%93204_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaider2021">Haider 2021</a>, pp. 203–204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2010203–204-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider2010203%E2%80%93204_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaider2010">Haider 2010</a>, pp. 203–204. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021436-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider2021436_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaider2021">Haider 2021</a>, p. 436. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider2021209-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider2021209_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaider2021">Haider 2021</a>, p. 209. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdullah2009" class="citation journal cs1">Abdullah, Lux (Summer 2009). "Yemen's last Zaydi Imam: the shabab al-mu'min, the Malazim, and hizb allah in the thought of Husayn Badr al-Din al-Huthi". Contemporary Arab Affairs. 2 (3): 369–434. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17550910903106084">10.1080/17550910903106084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Arab+Affairs&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+last+Zaydi+Imam%3A+the+shabab+al-mu%27min%2C+the+Malazim%2C+and+hizb+allah+in+the+thought+of+Husayn+Badr+al-Din+al-Huthi&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=369-434&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17550910903106084&rft.aulast=Abdullah&rft.aufirst=Lux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arab_East_1996,_p97-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Arab_East_1996,_p97_19-0">^</a> Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization during the Later Medieval Times by Abdul Ali, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1996, p97 </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Ahkam al-Quran By Abu Bakr al-Jassas al-Razi, volume 1 page 100, published by Dar Al-Fikr Al-Beirutiyya </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Robinson" title="Francis Robinson">Robinson, Francis</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofislamicwo0000robi">Atlas of the Islamic World Since 1500</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Facts_on_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Facts on File">Facts on File</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasofislamicwo0000robi/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0871966298" title="Special:BookSources/0871966298"><bdi>0871966298</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+Islamic+World+Since+1500&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0871966298&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofislamicwo0000robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Zaidiyyah">"Zaidiyyah"</a>. The Free Dictionary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Free+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Zaidiyyah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2FZaidiyyah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abrahamov-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Abrahamov_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahamov1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qasim_al-Rassi" title="Al-Qasim al-Rassi">Abrahamov, Binyamin</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-RCcnlbzfQC">Anthropomorphism and interpretation of the Qurʼān in the theology of al-Qāsim ibn Ibrāhīm: Kitāb al-Mustarshid</a>. E.J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004104082" title="Special:BookSources/9789004104082"><bdi>9789004104082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropomorphism+and+interpretation+of+the+Qur%CA%BC%C4%81n+in+the+theology+of+al-Q%C4%81sim+ibn+Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm%3A+Kit%C4%81b+al-Mustarshid&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9789004104082&rft.aulast=Abrahamov&rft.aufirst=Binyamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ-RCcnlbzfQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_24-1">b</a> Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Steven R Ward, p. 43 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Nikki R Keddie, Yann Richard, pp. 13, 20 </li> <li id="cite_note-Sayyid_2005_p.50,_51-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sayyid_2005_p.50,_51_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayyid_2005_p.50,_51_26-1">b</a> Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, At-tarikh aṣ-ṣaghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen (Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shi‘ites), 2005 Referencing: Momen, pp. 50, 51. and S.S. Akhtar Rizvi, "Shi'a Sects" </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate by Tabarī, Carole Hillenbrand, 1989, p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> The Encyclopedia of Religion Vol.16, Mircea Eliade, Charles J. Adams, Macmillan, 1987, p. 243. "They were called "Rafida by the followers of Zayd...the term became a pejorative nickname among Sunni Muslims, who used it, however to refer to the Imamiyah's repudiation of the first three caliphs preceding Ali..." </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabarī,_Carole_Hillenbrand_1989,_p37-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Tabar%C4%AB,_Carole_Hillenbrand_1989,_p37_29-0">^</a> The waning of the Umayyad caliphate by Tabarī, Carole Hillenbrand, 1989, pp. 37, 38 The Encyclopedia of Religion Vol. 16, Mircea Eliade, Charles J. Adams, Macmillan, 1987, p. 243. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Kazemi_MoussaviKarim_Douglas_Crow2005" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad Kazemi Moussavi; Karim Douglas Crow (2005). Facing One Qiblah: Legal and Doctrinal Aspects of Sunni and Shi'ah Muslims. Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971775520" title="Special:BookSources/9789971775520"><bdi>9789971775520</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Facing+One+Qiblah%3A+Legal+and+Doctrinal+Aspects+of+Sunni+and+Shi%27ah+Muslims&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Pustaka+Nasional+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789971775520&rft.au=Ahmad+Kazemi+Moussavi&rft.au=Karim+Douglas+Crow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNajam_Haider2011" class="citation book cs1">Najam Haider (26 September 2011). The Origins of the Shī'a: Identity, Ritual, and Sacred Space in Eighth-Century Kūfa. Cambridge University Press. pp. 196–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139503310" title="Special:BookSources/9781139503310"><bdi>9781139503310</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Sh%C4%AB%27a%3A+Identity%2C+Ritual%2C+and+Sacred+Space+in+Eighth-Century+K%C5%ABfa&rft.pages=196-7&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011-09-26&rft.isbn=9781139503310&rft.au=Najam+Haider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNajībābādī2000" class="citation book cs1">Najībābādī, Akbar (2000). History of Islam Volume 2. <a href="/wiki/Darussalam_Publishers" title="Darussalam Publishers">Darussalam Publishers</a>. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9960892863" title="Special:BookSources/978-9960892863"><bdi>978-9960892863</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Islam+Volume+2&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Darussalam+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9960892863&rft.aulast=Naj%C4%ABb%C4%81b%C4%81d%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Akbar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuleiman2010" class="citation book cs1">Suleiman, Yasir, ed. (21 April 2010). Living Islamic History: Studies in Honour of Professor Carole Hillenbrand (illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748642199" title="Special:BookSources/9780748642199"><bdi>9780748642199</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Islamic+History%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Professor+Carole+Hillenbrand&rft.pages=11&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-04-21&rft.isbn=9780748642199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohlberg1979" class="citation journal cs1">Kohlberg, Etan (1979). "The Term "Rāfida" in Imāmī Shīʿī Usage". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 99 (4): 677–679. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F601453">10.2307/601453</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0279">0003-0279</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/601453">601453</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Term+%22R%C4%81fida%22+in+Im%C4%81m%C4%AB+Sh%C4%AB%CA%BF%C4%AB+Usage&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=677-679&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0003-0279&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F601453%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F601453&rft.aulast=Kohlberg&rft.aufirst=Etan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> The Encyclopedia of Religion Vol.16, Mircea Eliade, Charles J. Adams, Macmillan, 1987, p. 243. "They were called "Rafida by the followers of Zayd...the term became a pejorative nickname among Sunni Muslims, who used it, however to refer to the Imamiyah's repudiation of the first three caliphs preceding Ali..." </li> <li id="cite_note-UAR-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UAR_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UAR_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Bābawayh_al-Qummī,_Muḥammad_ibn_ʻAlī" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Bābawayh al-Qummī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. 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Retrieved 30 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25.+Shi%27ah+tenets+concerning+the+question+of+the+imamate&rft.pub=Muslimphilosophy.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muslimphilosophy.com%2Fik%2FMuqaddimah%2FChapter3%2FCh_3_25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, At-tarikh aṣ-ṣaghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen (Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shi‘ites), 2005 Referencing: Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, At-tarikh aṣ-ṣaghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen (Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shi‘ites), 2005 Referencing: Encyclopedia Iranica </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1999" class="citation cs2">Walker, Paul Ernest (1999), Hamid Al-Din Al-Kirmani: Ismaili Thought in the Age of Al-Hakim, Ismaili Heritage Series, vol. 3, London; New York: I.B. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/21/sanaa-violence-end-yemen-shia-houthi-agreement">the original</a> on 22 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Yemeni+government+reaches+agreement+with+Shia+Houthi+rebels&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fsep%2F21%2Fsanaa-violence-end-yemen-shia-houthi-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Zarqa2014" class="citation news cs1">al-Zarqa, Ahmed (22 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/21636">"Yemen: Saudi Arabia recognizes new balance of power in Sanaa as Houthis topple Muslim Brothers"</a>. Al-Akhbar. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen%3A+Saudi+Arabia+recognizes+new+balance+of+power+in+Sanaa+as+Houthis+topple+Muslim+Brothers&rft.date=2014-09-22&rft.aulast=al-Zarqa&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.al-akhbar.com%2Fnode%2F21636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/21/politics/isis-gaining-ground-in-yemen/">"ISIS gaining ground in Yemen"</a>. CNN. 21 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=ISIS+gaining+ground+in+Yemen&rft.date=2015-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F01%2F21%2Fpolitics%2Fisis-gaining-ground-in-yemen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209040955/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/blast-goes-off-in-center-of-yemen-capital/2015/02/07/8ffcf9fa-aec1-11e4-8876-460b1144cbc1_story.html">"After takeover, Yemen's Shiite rebels criticized over 'coup'"</a>. The Washington Post. 7 February 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/blast-goes-off-in-center-of-yemen-capital/2015/02/07/8ffcf9fa-aec1-11e4-8876-460b1144cbc1_story.html">the original</a> on 9 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+takeover%2C+Yemen%27s+Shiite+rebels+criticized+over+%27coup%27&rft.date=2015-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fblast-goes-off-in-center-of-yemen-capital%2F2015%2F02%2F07%2F8ffcf9fa-aec1-11e4-8876-460b1144cbc1_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-shiite-leader-defends-yemen-takeover-2015-2">"Shiite leader in Yemen says coup protects from al Qaeda"</a>. Business Insider. 7 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Shiite+leader+in+Yemen+says+coup+protects+from+al+Qaeda&rft.date=2015-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fafp-shiite-leader-defends-yemen-takeover-2015-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Arendonk1960" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">van Arendonk, Cornelis (1960). Les débuts de l'imamat zaidite au Yemen (in French). Leiden: Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+d%C3%A9buts+de+l%27imamat+zaidite+au+Yemen&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=van+Arendonk&rft.aufirst=Cornelis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaider2010" class="citation journal cs1">Haider, Najam (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/40553879/Zaydiyya_Published_-_Haider.pdf">"Zaydism: A Theological and Political Survey"</a> (PDF). Religion Compass. 4 (7): 436–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2010.00214.x">10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00214.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion+Compass&rft.atitle=Zaydism%3A+A+Theological+and+Political+Survey&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=436-442&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2010.00214.x&rft.aulast=Haider&rft.aufirst=Najam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2Fdownload%2F40553879%2FZaydiyya_Published_-_Haider.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaider2021" class="citation book cs1">Haider, Najam (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.archive.org/work/uxwgoclpevbsha4afgv2gd4ilu/access/wayback/https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/9789004435544/BP000020.pdf">"Zaydism"</a> (PDF). Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill Publishing">Brill Publishing</a>. pp. 204–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004435544_013">10.1163/9789004435544_013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43554-4"><bdi>978-90-04-43554-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zaydism&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Islamic+Sects+and+Movements&rft.pages=204-234&rft.pub=Brill+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004435544_013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43554-4&rft.aulast=Haider&rft.aufirst=Najam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.archive.org%2Fwork%2Fuxwgoclpevbsha4afgv2gd4ilu%2Faccess%2Fwayback%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdownloadpdf%2Fbook%2F9789004435544%2FBP000020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, W.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1385">"Zaydiyya"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Peri_J._Bearman" class="mw-redirect" title="Peri J. Bearman">Bearman, P. J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Bianquis" title="Thierry Bianquis">Bianquis, Th.</a>; <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. Volume XI: W–Z. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 477–481. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_1385">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1385</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12756-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12756-2"><bdi>978-90-04-12756-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zaydiyya&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+XI%3A+W%E2%80%93Z&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=477-481&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_1385&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12756-2&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_1385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalmoniLoidoltWells2010" class="citation book cs1">Salmoni, Barak A.; Loidolt, Bryce; Wells, Madeleine (2010). "Appendix B: Zaydism: Overview and Comparison to Other Versions of Shi'ism". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2010/RAND_MG962.pdf">Regime and Periphery in Northern Yemen</a> (PDF). Santa Monica, Calif.: <a href="/wiki/Rand_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rand Corporation">Rand Corporation</a>. pp. 285–296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4933-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-4933-9"><bdi>978-0-8330-4933-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+B%3A+Zaydism%3A+Overview+and+Comparison+to+Other+Versions+of+Shi%E2%80%98ism&rft.btitle=Regime+and+Periphery+in+Northern+Yemen&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=285-296&rft.pub=Rand+Corporation&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-4933-9&rft.aulast=Salmoni&rft.aufirst=Barak+A.&rft.au=Loidolt%2C+Bryce&rft.au=Wells%2C+Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fmonographs%2F2010%2FRAND_MG962.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObaid2023" class="citation book cs1">Obaid, S.A. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BlzSEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT73">Yemen's Road to War: Yemeni Struggle in the Middle East</a>. Austin Macauley Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64979-942-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64979-942-5"><bdi>978-1-64979-942-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen%27s+Road+to+War%3A+Yemeni+Struggle+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Austin+Macauley+Publishers&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-64979-942-5&rft.aulast=Obaid&rft.aufirst=S.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBlzSEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZaydism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Zaydism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zaidiportal.com">Zaidi Portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-majalis.com">Majalis Aal Mohammed</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salvationark.com/">Salvation Ark</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4394924/Zaidiyyah">Zaidiyyah</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="زيدية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeydilik" title="Zeydilik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zeydilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="زیدیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زیدیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80_(%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC)" title="যায়দী (মাযহাব) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যায়দী (মাযহাব)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80" title="Зәйдиҙәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Зәйдиҙәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zejdije" title="Zejdije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zejdije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidisme" title="Zaidisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zaidisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajd%C3%ADja" title="Zajdíja – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zajdíja" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidisme" title="Zaidisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zaidisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaiditen" title="Zaiditen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zaiditen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ζαϊντίγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαϊντίγια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidismo" title="Zaidismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zaidismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajdismo" title="Zajdismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zajdismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidismo" title="Zaidismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zaidismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="زیدیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیدیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydisme" title="Zaydisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zaydisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C%ED%8C%8C" title="자이드파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자이드파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="ज़ैदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़ैदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaiditi" title="Zaiditi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zaiditi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydismo" title="Zaydismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zaydismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaidiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydismo" title="Zaydismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zaydismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="זיידים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיידים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Zaidiyah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ზაიდიტები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზაიდიტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Зәйдилік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зәйдилік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidisme" title="Zaidisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zaidisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajdit%C3%A1k" title="Zajditák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zajditák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidisma" title="Zaidisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zaidisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="സൈദിയ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈദിയ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="जैदिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जैदिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الزيديه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الزيديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="زیدیه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زیدیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zaidiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidieten" title="Zaidieten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zaidieten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E6%B4%BE" title="ザイド派 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ザイド派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydiyyah" title="Zaydiyyah – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zaydiyyah" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaiddiyah" title="Zaiddiyah – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zaiddiyah" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydiylar" title="Zaydiylar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zaydiylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%81" title="زیدی شیعہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زیدی شیعہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zajdyci" title="Zajdyci – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zajdyci" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaiditas" title="Zaiditas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zaiditas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidism" title="Zaidism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zaidism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Зейдиты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зейдиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidiyyah" title="Zaidiyyah – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zaidiyyah" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%DB%81" title="زيدي شيعہ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زيدي شيعہ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="شیعەی زەیدی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شیعەی زەیدی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zejdizam" title="Zejdizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zejdizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidilaisuus" title="Zaidilaisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zaidilaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaiddiyah" title="Zaiddiyah – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zaiddiyah" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidismo" title="Zaidismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zaidismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சைதிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சைதிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taci%C9%9Bit_n_5_n_limamat" title="Taciɛit n 5 n limamat – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taciɛit n 5 n limamat" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeydilik" title="Zeydilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zeydilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Зейдити – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зейдити" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81" title="زیدیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیدیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="宰德派 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="宰德派" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="宰德派 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宰德派" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="宰德派 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宰德派" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 00:15 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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