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<li id="toc-A_hunting_preserve,_royal_châteaux,_and_a_historic_balloon_flight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_hunting_preserve,_royal_châteaux,_and_a_historic_balloon_flight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>A hunting preserve, royal châteaux, and a historic balloon flight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_hunting_preserve,_royal_châteaux,_and_a_historic_balloon_flight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_19th_and_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_19th_and_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>In the 19th and 20th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_19th_and_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Public park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lakes_and_streams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes_and_streams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lakes and streams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes_and_streams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bois de Boulogne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="غابة بولونيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غابة بولونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulon_me%C5%9F%C9%99si" title="Bulon meşəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bulon meşəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Булонскі лес – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Булонскі лес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Булёнскі лес – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Булёнскі лес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Булонски лес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Булонски лес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne_(parke_sa_Pransiya)" title="Bois de Boulogne (parke sa Pransiya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bois de Boulogne (parke sa Pransiya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulo%C5%88sk%C3%BD_les%C3%ADk" title="Buloňský lesík – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Buloňský lesík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne%27i_mets" title="Boulogne'i mets – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Boulogne'i mets" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Δάσος της Βουλώνης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δάσος της Βουλώνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosko_de_Boulogne" title="Bosko de Boulogne – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bosko de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پارک بولونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارک بولونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%A1%9C%EB%89%B4_%EC%88%B2" title="불로뉴 숲 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불로뉴 숲" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC" title="Բուլոնյան անտառ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուլոնյան անտառ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulonjska_%C5%A1uma" title="Bulonjska šuma – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bulonjska šuma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יער בולון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יער בולון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94" title="ბულონის ტყე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულონის ტყე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulo%C5%86as_me%C5%BEs" title="Buloņas mežs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Buloņas mežs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Булоњска шума – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Булоњска шума" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%81%AE%E6%A3%AE" title="ブローニュの森 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブローニュの森" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogneskogen" title="Boulogneskogen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Boulogneskogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasek_Bulo%C5%84ski" title="Lasek Buloński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lasek Buloński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Булонский лес – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Булонский лес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Булоњска шума – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Булоњска шума" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulonjska_%C5%A1uma" title="Bulonjska šuma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bulonjska šuma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bois de Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulogne_Orman%C4%B1" title="Boulogne Ormanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boulogne Ormanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81" title="Булонський Ліс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Булонський Ліс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="بوا دے بولون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بوا دے بولون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%E1%BB%ABng_Boulogne" title="Rừng Boulogne – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rừng Boulogne" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bois_de_Boulogne&params=48.86_N_2.25_E_region:FR-IDF"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°52′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°15′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.86°N 2.25°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.86; 2.25</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Park on the edge of Paris, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the park in Paris. For the Montreal commuter rail station, see <a href="/wiki/Bois-de-Boulogne_station" title="Bois-de-Boulogne station">Bois-de-Boulogne station</a>. For the two 1896 short films, see <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne_(film)" title="Bois de Boulogne (film)">Bois de Boulogne (film)</a>.</div> <p> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bois_de_Boulogne&params=48.86_N_2.25_E_region:FR-IDF"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°52′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°15′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.86°N 2.25°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.86; 2.25</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_D%C3%A9fense_and_Bois_de_Boulogne_from_the_Eiffel_Tower,_11_June_2017_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/La_D%C3%A9fense_and_Bois_de_Boulogne_from_the_Eiffel_Tower%2C_11_June_2017_001.jpg/325px-La_D%C3%A9fense_and_Bois_de_Boulogne_from_the_Eiffel_Tower%2C_11_June_2017_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/La_D%C3%A9fense_and_Bois_de_Boulogne_from_the_Eiffel_Tower%2C_11_June_2017_001.jpg/488px-La_D%C3%A9fense_and_Bois_de_Boulogne_from_the_Eiffel_Tower%2C_11_June_2017_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/La_D%C3%A9fense_and_Bois_de_Boulogne_from_the_Eiffel_Tower%2C_11_June_2017_001.jpg/650px-La_D%C3%A9fense_and_Bois_de_Boulogne_from_the_Eiffel_Tower%2C_11_June_2017_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3078" /></a><figcaption>Bois de Boulogne as seen from the Eiffel Tower</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Bois de Boulogne</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bwɑ<span class="wrap"> </span>d(ə)<span class="wrap"> </span>bulɔɲ]</a></span>, "Boulogne woodland") is a large public park that is the western half of the <a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement of Paris</a>, near the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>. The land was ceded to the city of Paris by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Louis_Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Napoleon">Napoleon III</a> to be turned into a public park in 1852.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the second-largest park in Paris, slightly smaller than the <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a> on the eastern side of the city. It covers an area of 845 hectares (2088 acres),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is about two and a half times the area of <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, slightly larger than <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park" title="Phoenix Park">Phoenix Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and slightly smaller than <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. </p><p>Within the boundaries of the Bois de Boulogne are an <a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English landscape garden</a> with several lakes and a cascade; two smaller botanical and landscape gardens, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bagatelle" title="Château de Bagatelle">Château de Bagatelle</a> and the Pré-Catelan; a zoo and amusement park in the <a href="/wiki/Jardin_d%27Acclimatation" title="Jardin d'Acclimatation">Jardin d'Acclimatation</a>; <a href="/wiki/GoodPlanet_Foundation" title="GoodPlanet Foundation">GoodPlanet Foundation</a>'s Domaine de Longchamp dedicated to ecology and humanism, The <a href="/wiki/Jardin_des_Serres_d%27Auteuil" title="Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil">Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil</a>, a complex of greenhouses holding a hundred thousand plants; two tracks for <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Longchamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippodrome de Longchamp">Hippodrome de Longchamp</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Auteuil_Hippodrome" title="Auteuil Hippodrome">Auteuil Hippodrome</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Roland_Garros" title="Stade Roland Garros">Stade Roland Garros</a> where the <a href="/wiki/French_Open" title="French Open">French Open</a> tennis tournament is held each year, the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_Foundation" title="Louis Vuitton Foundation">Louis Vuitton Foundation</a> art museum and cultural center,<sup id="cite_ref-ParisDigest_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParisDigest-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other attractions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_hunting_preserve,_royal_châteaux,_and_a_historic_balloon_flight"><span id="A_hunting_preserve.2C_royal_ch.C3.A2teaux.2C_and_a_historic_balloon_flight"></span>A hunting preserve, royal châteaux, and a historic balloon flight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: A hunting preserve, royal châteaux, and a historic balloon flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16th_arrondissement_of_Paris_-_OSM_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris_-_OSM_2020.svg/325px-16th_arrondissement_of_Paris_-_OSM_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris_-_OSM_2020.svg/488px-16th_arrondissement_of_Paris_-_OSM_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris_-_OSM_2020.svg/650px-16th_arrondissement_of_Paris_-_OSM_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="1643" /></a><figcaption>The Bois de Boulogne is in the <a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement" class="mw-redirect" title="16th arrondissement">16th arrondissement</a> of Paris, on the western edge of the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bois de Boulogne is a remnant of the ancient <a href="/wiki/For%C3%AAt_de_Rouvray" title="Forêt de Rouvray">oak forest of Rouvray</a>, which included the present-day forests of Montmorency, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Chaville, and Meudon.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dagobert_I" title="Dagobert I">Dagobert I</a> hunted bears, deer, and other game in the forest. His grandson, <a href="/wiki/Childeric_II" title="Childeric II">Childeric II</a>, gave the forest to the monks of the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint-Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Saint-Denis">Abbey of Saint-Denis</a>, who founded several monastic communities there. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Augustus">Philip Augustus</a> (1180–1223) bought back the main part of the forest from the monks to create a royal hunting reserve. In 1256, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Isabelle_of_France" title="Saint Isabelle of France">Isabelle de France</a>, sister of <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Saint-Louis</a>, founded the Abbey of Longchamp at the site of the present hippodrome.<sup id="cite_ref-www.paris.fr_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.paris.fr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bois received its present name from a chapel, Notre Dame de Boulogne la Petite, which was built in the forest at the command of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a> (1268–1314). In 1308, Philip made a pilgrimage to Boulogne-sur-Mer, on the French coast, to see a statue of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> which was reputed to inspire miracles. He decided to build a church with a copy of the statue in a village in the forest not far from Paris, in order to attract pilgrims. The chapel was built after Philip's death between 1319 and 1330, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, the forest became a sanctuary for robbers and sometimes a battleground. In 1416–17, the soldiers of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Fearless" title="John the Fearless">John the Fearless</a>, the Duke of Burgundy, burned part of the forest in their successful campaign to capture Paris. Under <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI</a>, the trees were replanted, and two roads were opened through the forest. </p><p>In 1526, <a href="/wiki/King_Francis_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King Francis I of France">King Francis I of France</a> began a royal residence, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Madrid" title="Château de Madrid">Château de Madrid</a>, in the forest in what is now Neuilly and used it for hunting and festivities. It took its name from a similar palace in Madrid, where Francis had been held prisoner for several months. The Château was rarely used by later monarchs, fell into ruins in the 18th century, and was demolished after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. </p><p>Despite its royal status, the forest remained dangerous for travellers; the scientist and traveller <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Belon" title="Pierre Belon">Pierre Belon</a> was murdered by thieves in the Bois de Boulogne in 1564.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henry III</a>, the forest was enclosed within a wall with eight gates. <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a> planted 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">mulberry</a> trees, with the hope of beginning a local silk industry. When Henry annulled his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite de Valois">Marguerite de Valois</a>, she went to live in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Muette" title="Château de la Muette">Château de la Muette</a>, on the edge of the forest.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 18th century, wealthy and important women often retired to the convent of the Abbey of Longchamp, located where the hippodrome now stands. A famous opera singer of the period, Madmoiselle Le Maure, retired there in 1727 but continued to give recitals inside the Abbey, even during <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a>. These concerts drew large crowds and irritated the Archbishop of Paris, who closed the Abbey to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-www.paris.fr_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.paris.fr-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> and his family used the forest as a hunting ground and pleasure garden. In 1777, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Comte d'Artois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a>'s brother, built a charming miniature palace, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bagatelle" title="Château de Bagatelle">Château de Bagatelle</a>, in the Bois in just 64 days, on a wager from his sister-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>. Louis XVI also opened the walled park to the public for the first time. </p><p>On 21 November 1783, <a href="/wiki/Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilâtre de Rozier">Pilâtre de Rozier</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_d%27Arlandes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis d'Arlandes">Marquis d'Arlandes</a> took off from the Château de la Muette in a hot air balloon made by the <a href="/wiki/Montgolfier_brothers" title="Montgolfier brothers">Montgolfier brothers</a>. Previous flights had carried animals or had been tethered to the ground; this was the first manned free flight in history. The balloon rose to a height of 910 meters (3000 feet), was in the air for 25 minutes, and covered nine kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> in 1814, 40,000 soldiers of the British and Russian armies camped in the forest. Thousands of trees were cut down to build shelters and for firewood. </p><p>From 1815 until the <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a>, the Bois was largely empty, an assortment of bleak ruined meadows and tree stumps where the British and Russians had camped and dismal stagnant ponds.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A9zard_-_Philippe_IV_le_bel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bois received its name during the reign of King Philip IV of France, when he built a replica there of a shrine to the Virgin Mary, which he had visited in the seaside town of Boulogne-sur-Mer."><img alt="The Bois received its name during the reign of King Philip IV of France, when he built a replica there of a shrine to the Virgin Mary, which he had visited in the seaside town of Boulogne-sur-Mer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/B%C3%A9zard_-_Philippe_IV_le_bel.jpg/135px-B%C3%A9zard_-_Philippe_IV_le_bel.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/B%C3%A9zard_-_Philippe_IV_le_bel.jpg/203px-B%C3%A9zard_-_Philippe_IV_le_bel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/B%C3%A9zard_-_Philippe_IV_le_bel.jpg/270px-B%C3%A9zard_-_Philippe_IV_le_bel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Bois received its name during the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a>, when he built a replica there of a shrine to the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, which he had visited in the seaside town of <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cdemadrid1722.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Château de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne, built in 1526 by Francis I of France. It was demolished after the French Revolution."><img alt="The Château de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne, built in 1526 by Francis I of France. It was demolished after the French Revolution." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cdemadrid1722.jpg/175px-Cdemadrid1722.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cdemadrid1722.jpg/263px-Cdemadrid1722.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cdemadrid1722.jpg/350px-Cdemadrid1722.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Château de Madrid in the Bois de Boulogne, built in 1526 by <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a>. It was demolished after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_de_La_Muette.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Château de la Muette was the home of Queen Marguerite de Valois after her marriage was annulled by King Henry IV of France."><img alt="The Château de la Muette was the home of Queen Marguerite de Valois after her marriage was annulled by King Henry IV of France." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Chateau_de_La_Muette.jpg/175px-Chateau_de_La_Muette.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Chateau_de_La_Muette.jpg/263px-Chateau_de_La_Muette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Chateau_de_La_Muette.jpg/350px-Chateau_de_La_Muette.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="317" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Château de la Muette was the home of Queen <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Valois" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite de Valois">Marguerite de Valois</a> after her marriage was annulled by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Bagatelle_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Château de Bagatelle was built by the brother of Louis XVI in just 64 days, in a wager with his sister-in-law, Marie Antoinette."><img alt="The Château de Bagatelle was built by the brother of Louis XVI in just 64 days, in a wager with his sister-in-law, Marie Antoinette." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Paris_Bagatelle_01.jpg/175px-Paris_Bagatelle_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Paris_Bagatelle_01.jpg/263px-Paris_Bagatelle_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Paris_Bagatelle_01.jpg/350px-Paris_Bagatelle_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="935" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Château de Bagatelle was built by the brother of Louis XVI in just 64 days, in a wager with his sister-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Montgolfier_brothers_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first free manned flight was launched by the Montgolfier Brothers from the Château de la Muette, on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne, on 21 November 1783."><img alt="The first free manned flight was launched by the Montgolfier Brothers from the Château de la Muette, on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne, on 21 November 1783." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Montgolfier_brothers_flight.jpg/171px-Montgolfier_brothers_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Montgolfier_brothers_flight.jpg/258px-Montgolfier_brothers_flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Montgolfier_brothers_flight.jpg/343px-Montgolfier_brothers_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first free manned flight was launched by the <a href="/wiki/Montgolfier_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Montgolfier Brothers">Montgolfier Brothers</a> from the Château de la Muette, on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne, on 21 November 1783.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmCyc_Park_-_Map_of_the_Bois_de_Boulogne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/AmCyc_Park_-_Map_of_the_Bois_de_Boulogne.jpg/300px-AmCyc_Park_-_Map_of_the_Bois_de_Boulogne.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/AmCyc_Park_-_Map_of_the_Bois_de_Boulogne.jpg/450px-AmCyc_Park_-_Map_of_the_Bois_de_Boulogne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/AmCyc_Park_-_Map_of_the_Bois_de_Boulogne.jpg/600px-AmCyc_Park_-_Map_of_the_Bois_de_Boulogne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2425" data-file-height="2017" /></a><figcaption>The plan of the park from 1879 shows the two straight alleys of the old Bois, and the lakes, winding lanes and paths built by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Adolphe_Alphand" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand">Alphand</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bois de Boulogne was the idea of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, shortly after he staged a coup d'état and elevated himself from the President of the French Republic to Emperor of the French in 1852. When Napoleon III became Emperor, Paris had only four public parks - the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuileries Gardens">Tuileries Gardens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Garden">Luxembourg Garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jardin_des_Plantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardin des Plantes">Jardin des Plantes</a> - all in the center of the city. There were no public parks in the rapidly growing east and west of the city. During his exile in London, he had been particularly impressed by <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a>, by its lakes and streams and its popularity with Londoners of all social classes. Therefore, he decided to build two large public parks on the eastern and western edges of the city where both the rich and ordinary people could enjoy themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These parks became an important part of the plan for the reconstruction of Paris drawn up by Napoleon III and his new Prefect of the Seine, Baron <a href="/wiki/Georges-Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann" title="Georges-Eugène Haussmann">Georges-Eugène Haussmann</a>. The Haussmann plan called for improving the city's traffic circulation by building new boulevards; improving the city's health by building a new water distribution system and sewers; and creating green spaces and recreation for Paris' rapidly growing population. In 1852, Napoleon donated the land for the Bois de Boulogne and for the Bois de Vincennes, which both belonged officially to him. Additional land in the plain of Longchamp, the site of the Château de Madrid, the Château de Bagatelle, and its gardens were purchased and attached to the proposed park, so it could extend all the way to the Seine. Construction was funded out of the state budget, supplemented by selling building lots along the north end of the Bois, in <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Napoleon III was personally involved in planning the new parks. He insisted that the Bois de Boulogne should have a stream and lakes, like Hyde Park in London. "We must have a stream here, as in Hyde Park," he observed while driving through the Bois, "to give life to this arid promenade".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first plan for the Bois de Boulogne was drawn up by the architect <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Hittorff" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Hittorff">Jacques Hittorff</a>, who, under King <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Philippe">Louis Philippe</a>, had designed the <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a>, and the landscape architect Louis-Sulpice Varé, who had designed <a href="/wiki/French_landscape_garden" title="French landscape garden">French landscape gardens</a> at several famous châteaux. Their plan called for long straight alleys in patterns crisscrossing the park, and, as the Emperor had asked, lakes and a long stream similar to the Serpentine in Hyde Park. </p><p>Varé bungled the assignment. He failed to take into account the difference in elevation between the beginning of the stream and the end; if his plan had been followed, the upper part of the stream would have been empty, and the lower portion flooded. When Haussmann saw the partially finished stream, he saw the problem immediately and had the elevations measured. He dismissed the unfortunate Varé and Hittorff, and designed the solution himself; an upper lake and a lower lake, divided by an elevated road, which serves as a dam, and a cascade which allows the water to flow between the lakes. This is the design still seen today.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1853, Haussmann hired an experienced engineer from the corps of Bridges and Highways, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Adolphe_Alphand" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand">Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand</a>, whom he had worked with in his previous assignment in Bordeaux, and made him the head of a new Service of Promenades and Plantations, in charge of all the parks in Paris. Alphand was charged to make a new plan for the Bois de Boulogne. Alphand's plan was radically different from the Hittorff-Varé plan. While it still had two long straight boulevards, the Allée Reine Marguerite and the Avenue Longchamp, all the other paths and alleys curved and meandered. The flat Bois de Boulogne was to be turned into an undulating landscape of lakes, hills, islands, groves, lawns, and grassy slopes, not a reproduction of but an idealization of nature. It became the prototype for the other city parks of Paris and then for city parks around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The building of the park was an enormous engineering project which lasted for five years. The upper and lower lakes were dug, and the earth piled into islands and hills. Rocks were brought from Fontainbleau and combined with concrete to make the cascade and an artificial grotto. </p><p>The pumps from the Seine could not provide enough water to fill the lakes and irrigate the park, so a new channel was created to bring the water of the <a href="/wiki/Ourcq" title="Ourcq">Ourcq</a> River, from Monceau to the upper lake in the Bois, but this was not enough. An artesian well 586 meters deep was eventually dug in the plain of Passy which could produce 20,000 cubic meters of water a day. This well went into service in 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The water then had to be distributed around the park to water the lawns and gardens; the traditional system of horse-drawn wagons with large barrels of water would not be enough. A system of 66 kilometers of pipes was laid, with a faucet every 30 or 40 meters, a total of 1600 faucets. </p><p>Alphand also had to build a network of roads, paths, and trails to connect the sights of the park. The two long straight alleys from the old park were retained, and his workers built an additional 58 kilometers of roads paved with stones for carriages, 12 kilometers of sandy paths for horses, and 25 kilometers of dirt trails for walkers. As a result of Louis Napoléon's exile in London and his memories of Hyde Park, all the new roads and paths were curved and meandering.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The planting of the park was the task of the new chief gardener and landscape architect of the Service of Promenades and Plantations, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Barillet-Deschamps" title="Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps">Jean-Pierre Barillet-Deschamps</a>, who had also worked with Haussmann and Alphand in Bordeaux. His gardeners planted 420,000 trees, including <a href="/wiki/Hornbeam" title="Hornbeam">hornbeam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">linden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">cedar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a>, and hardy exotic species, like <a href="/wiki/Redwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Redwood">redwoods</a>. They planted 270 hectares of lawns, with 150 kilograms of seed per hectare, and thousands of flowers. To make the forest more natural, they brought 50 deer to live in and around the Pré-Catelan. </p><p>The park was designed to be more than a collection of picturesque landscapes; it was meant as a place for amusement and recreation, with sports fields, bandstands, cafes, shooting galleries, riding stables, boating on the lakes, and other attractions. In 1855, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Davioud" title="Gabriel Davioud">Gabriel Davioud</a>, a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Ecole_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecole des Beaux-Arts">Ecole des Beaux-Arts</a>, was named the chief architect of the new Service of Promenades and Plantations. He was commissioned to design 24 pavilions and chalets, plus cafes, gatehouses, boating docks, and kiosks. He designed the gatehouses where the guardians of the park lived to look like rustic cottages. He had a real Swiss chalet built out of wood in Switzerland and transported to Paris, where it was reassembled on an island in the lake and became a restaurant. He built another restaurant next to the park's most picturesque feature, the Grand Cascade. He designed artificial grottoes made of rocks and concrete, and bridges and balustrades made of concrete painted to look like wood. He also designed all the architectural details of the park, from cone-shaped shelters designed to protect horseback riders from the rain to the park benches and direction signs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the south end of the park, in the Plain of Longchamp, Davioud restored the ruined windmill which was the surviving vestige of the Abbey of Longchamp, and, working with the Jockey Club of Paris, constructed the grandstands of the Hippodrome of Longchamp, which opened in 1857. </p><p>At the northern end of the park, between the Sablons gate and Neuilly, a 20-hectare section of the park was given to the Societé Imperiale zoologique d'Acclimatation, to create a small zoo and botanical garden, with an aviary of rare birds and exotic plants and animals from around the world. </p><p>In March 1855, an area in the center of the park, called the Pré-Catelan, was leased to a concessionaire for a garden and amusement park. It was built on the site of a quarry where the gravel and sand for the park's roads and paths had been dug out. It included a large circular lawn surrounded by trees, grottos, rocks, paths, and flower beds. Davioud designed a buffet, a marionette theater, a photography pavilion, stables, a dairy, and other structures. The most original feature was the Théâtre des fleurs, an open-air theater in a setting of trees and flowers. Later, an ice skating rink and shooting gallery were added. The Pré-Catelan was popular for concerts and dances, but it had continual financial difficulties and eventually went bankrupt. The floral theater remained in business until the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bois_de_boulogne_marville.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The artificial cliffs and grotto of the Grand Cascade became one of the most popular meeting places in the Bois De Boulogne (1858)"><img alt="The artificial cliffs and grotto of the Grand Cascade became one of the most popular meeting places in the Bois De Boulogne (1858)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bois_de_boulogne_marville.png/187px-Bois_de_boulogne_marville.png" decoding="async" width="187" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bois_de_boulogne_marville.png/281px-Bois_de_boulogne_marville.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bois_de_boulogne_marville.png/374px-Bois_de_boulogne_marville.png 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="1348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The artificial cliffs and grotto of the Grand Cascade became one of the most popular meeting places in the Bois De Boulogne (1858)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue,_%C3%A0_vol_d%27oiseau,_du_champ_des_courses_des_sports_de_Longchamps.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of the Longchamp racecourse before the construction of the Hippodrome (1854)."><img alt="Aerial view of the Longchamp racecourse before the construction of the Hippodrome (1854)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vue%2C_%C3%A0_vol_d%27oiseau%2C_du_champ_des_courses_des_sports_de_Longchamps.jpg/187px-Vue%2C_%C3%A0_vol_d%27oiseau%2C_du_champ_des_courses_des_sports_de_Longchamps.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vue%2C_%C3%A0_vol_d%27oiseau%2C_du_champ_des_courses_des_sports_de_Longchamps.jpg/281px-Vue%2C_%C3%A0_vol_d%27oiseau%2C_du_champ_des_courses_des_sports_de_Longchamps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Vue%2C_%C3%A0_vol_d%27oiseau%2C_du_champ_des_courses_des_sports_de_Longchamps.jpg/374px-Vue%2C_%C3%A0_vol_d%27oiseau%2C_du_champ_des_courses_des_sports_de_Longchamps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5499" data-file-height="3803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view of the Longchamp racecourse before the construction of the Hippodrome (1854).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_sports_de_Longchamps,_1854.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grandstands of the Longchamp Hippodrome (1854)"><img alt="Grandstands of the Longchamp Hippodrome (1854)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Les_sports_de_Longchamps%2C_1854.jpg/187px-Les_sports_de_Longchamps%2C_1854.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Les_sports_de_Longchamps%2C_1854.jpg/281px-Les_sports_de_Longchamps%2C_1854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Les_sports_de_Longchamps%2C_1854.jpg/374px-Les_sports_de_Longchamps%2C_1854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4634" data-file-height="3712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Grandstands of the Longchamp Hippodrome (1854)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspect_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Jardin_zoologique_d%27acclimatation_du_bois_de_Boulogne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The zoo and Jardin d'Acclimatation in 1860 was filled with exotic plants and animals"><img alt="The zoo and Jardin d'Acclimatation in 1860 was filled with exotic plants and animals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Aspect_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Jardin_zoologique_d%27acclimatation_du_bois_de_Boulogne.jpg/187px-Aspect_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Jardin_zoologique_d%27acclimatation_du_bois_de_Boulogne.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Aspect_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Jardin_zoologique_d%27acclimatation_du_bois_de_Boulogne.jpg/281px-Aspect_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Jardin_zoologique_d%27acclimatation_du_bois_de_Boulogne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Aspect_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Jardin_zoologique_d%27acclimatation_du_bois_de_Boulogne.jpg/374px-Aspect_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_du_Jardin_zoologique_d%27acclimatation_du_bois_de_Boulogne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5395" data-file-height="3565" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The zoo and Jardin d'Acclimatation in 1860 was filled with exotic plants and animals</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_voli%C3%A8re,_1860.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The aviary in the zoo had a collection of rare birds (1860)"><img alt="The aviary in the zoo had a collection of rare birds (1860)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/La_voli%C3%A8re%2C_1860.jpg/187px-La_voli%C3%A8re%2C_1860.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/La_voli%C3%A8re%2C_1860.jpg/281px-La_voli%C3%A8re%2C_1860.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/La_voli%C3%A8re%2C_1860.jpg/374px-La_voli%C3%A8re%2C_1860.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2931" data-file-height="1926" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The aviary in the zoo had a collection of rare birds (1860)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_19th_and_20th_centuries">In the 19th and 20th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In the 19th and 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The garden-building team assembled by Haussmann of Alphand, Barrillet-Deschamps and Davioud went on to build The <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parc_Monceau" title="Parc Monceau">Parc Monceau</a> <a href="/wiki/Parc_Montsouris" title="Parc Montsouris">Parc Montsouris</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Buttes-Chaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc des Buttes-Chaumont">Parc des Buttes-Chaumont</a>, using the experience and aesthetics they had developed in the Bois de Boulogne. They also rebuilt the Luxembourg gardens and the gardens of the Champs- Elysees, created smaller squares and parks throughout the center of Paris, and planted thousands of trees along the new boulevards that Haussmann had created. In the 17 years of Napoleon III's reign, they planted no less than 600,000 trees and created a total 1,835 hectares of green space in Paris, more than any other ruler of France before or since.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1867 the <a href="/wiki/Baedeker" title="Baedeker">Baedeker Guide</a> described it as "once a forest abounding with game, the resort of duellists and suicides and the haunt of bandits ... now a delightful park".<sup id="cite_ref-baedeker_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baedeker-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71), which led to the downfall of Napoleon III and the long siege of Paris, the park suffered some damage from German artillery bombardment, the restaurant of the Grand Cascade was turned into a field hospital, and many of the park's animals and wild fowl were eaten by the hungry population. In the years following, however, the park quickly recovered. </p><p>The Bois de Boulogne became a popular meeting place and promenade route for Parisians of all classes. The alleys were filled with carriages, coaches, and horseback riders, and later with men and women on bicycles, and then with automobiles. Families having picnics filled the woods and lawns, and Parisians rowed boats on the lake, while the upper classes were entertained in the cafes. The restaurant of the Pavillon de la Grand Cascade became a popular spot for Parisian weddings. During the winter, when the lakes were frozen, they were crowded with ice skaters.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The activities of Parisians in the Bois, particularly the long promenades in carriages around the lakes, were often portrayed in French literature and art in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. Scenes set in the park appeared in <i>Nana</i> by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> and in <i>L'Éducation sentimentale</i> by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the last pages of <i>Du côté de chez Swann</i> in <i>À la recherche du temps perdu</i> (1914), <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a> minutely described a walk around the lakes taken as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The life in the park was also the subject of the paintings of many artists, including <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1860, Napoleon opened the <a href="/wiki/Jardin_d%27Acclimatation" title="Jardin d'Acclimatation">Jardin d'Acclimatation</a>, a separate concession of 20 hectares at the north end of the park; it included a zoo and a botanical garden, as well as an amusement park. Between 1877 and 1912, it also served as the home of what was called an ethnological garden, a place where groups of the inhabitants of faraway countries were put on display for weeks at a time in reconstructed villages from their homelands. They were mostly Sub-Saharan Africans, North Africans, or South American Indians, and came mostly from the French colonies in Africa and South America, but also included natives of Lapland and Cossacks from Russia. These exhibitions were extremely popular and took place not only in Paris, but also in Germany, England, and at the Chicago Exposition in the United States; but they were also criticized at the time and later as being a kind of "<a href="/wiki/Human_zoo" title="Human zoo">human zoo</a>". Twenty-two of these exhibits were held in the park in the last quarter of the 19th century. About ten more were held in the 20th century, with the last one taking place in 1931. </p><p>In 1905, a grand new restaurant in the classical style was built in the Pré-Catelan by architect <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Tronchet" title="Guillaume Tronchet">Guillaume Tronchet</a>. Like the cafe at the Grand Cascade, it became a popular promenade destination for the French upper classes.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a>, the land hosted the <a href="/wiki/Croquet_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Croquet at the 1900 Summer Olympics">croquet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tug_of_War_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Tug of War at the 1900 Summer Olympics">tug of war</a> events.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a>, the equestrian events took place in the <a href="/wiki/Auteuil_Hippodrome" title="Auteuil Hippodrome">Auteuil Hippodrome</a>. </p><p>The Bois de Boulogne hosted all rowing teams participating in the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Allied_Games" title="Inter-Allied Games">Inter-Allied Games</a>, held in Paris in 1919 following the end of World War One.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bois de Boulogne was officially annexed by the city of Paris in 1929 and incorporated into the 16th arrondissement. </p><p>Soon after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the park began to come back to life. In 1945, it held its first motor race after the war: the Paris Cup. In 1953, a British group, Les Amis de la France, created the Shakespeare Garden on the site of the old floral theater in the Pré-Catelan.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1952 until 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Windsor" title="Duke of Windsor">Duke of Windsor</a>, the title granted to King Edward VIII after his abdication, and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a>, the Duchess of Windsor, lived in the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Windsor" title="Villa Windsor">Villa Windsor</a>, a house in the Bois de Boulogne behind the garden of the Bagatelle. The house was (and still is) owned by the City of Paris and was leased to the couple. The Duke died in this house in 1972, and the Duchess died there in 1986. The lease was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Fayed" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed al-Fayed">Mohamed al-Fayed</a>, the owner of the Ritz Hotel in Paris. The house was visited briefly by <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> and her companion, <a href="/wiki/Dodi_Fayed" title="Dodi Fayed">Dodi Fayed</a>, on 31 August 1997, the day that they died in a traffic accident in the Alma tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Patineurs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne (1868), by Pierre-Auguste Renoir"><img alt="Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne (1868), by Pierre-Auguste Renoir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Patineurs.jpg/187px-Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Patineurs.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Patineurs.jpg/281px-Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Patineurs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Patineurs.jpg/374px-Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_-_Patineurs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Skaters_in_the_Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne">Skaters in the Bois de Boulogne</a></i> (1868), by <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edouard_Manet_052.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A horse race in the Bois de Boulogne (1872), by Édouard Manet"><img alt="A horse race in the Bois de Boulogne (1872), by Édouard Manet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Edouard_Manet_052.jpg/187px-Edouard_Manet_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Edouard_Manet_052.jpg/281px-Edouard_Manet_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Edouard_Manet_052.jpg/374px-Edouard_Manet_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="2011" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>A horse race in the Bois de Boulogne</i> (1872), by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Gogh_-_Spazierg%C3%A4nger_im_Bois_de_Boulogne1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strollers in the Bois de Boulogne (1886), by Vincent van Gogh"><img alt="Strollers in the Bois de Boulogne (1886), by Vincent van Gogh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Van_Gogh_-_Spazierg%C3%A4nger_im_Bois_de_Boulogne1.jpeg/187px-Van_Gogh_-_Spazierg%C3%A4nger_im_Bois_de_Boulogne1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="187" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Van_Gogh_-_Spazierg%C3%A4nger_im_Bois_de_Boulogne1.jpeg/281px-Van_Gogh_-_Spazierg%C3%A4nger_im_Bois_de_Boulogne1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Van_Gogh_-_Spazierg%C3%A4nger_im_Bois_de_Boulogne1.jpeg/374px-Van_Gogh_-_Spazierg%C3%A4nger_im_Bois_de_Boulogne1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="2022" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Strollers in the Bois de Boulogne</i> (1886), by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalina_Paris_1892.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South American Indians from French Guiana on display during an ethnological exhibition in the Jardin d'Acclimitation (1892)."><img alt="South American Indians from French Guiana on display during an ethnological exhibition in the Jardin d'Acclimitation (1892)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kalina_Paris_1892.jpg/187px-Kalina_Paris_1892.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kalina_Paris_1892.jpg/281px-Kalina_Paris_1892.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kalina_Paris_1892.jpg/374px-Kalina_Paris_1892.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4156" data-file-height="1784" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">South American Indians from <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> on display during an ethnological exhibition in the Jardin d'Acclimitation (1892).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MHNT_PHa_659_P_055.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Students from a convent school by the lake in the Bois de Boulogne (1898)"><img alt="Students from a convent school by the lake in the Bois de Boulogne (1898)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/MHNT_PHa_659_P_055.jpg/187px-MHNT_PHa_659_P_055.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/MHNT_PHa_659_P_055.jpg/281px-MHNT_PHa_659_P_055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/MHNT_PHa_659_P_055.jpg/374px-MHNT_PHa_659_P_055.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7273" data-file-height="5410" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Students from a convent school by the lake in the Bois de Boulogne (1898)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Au_Bois_De_Boulogne_Vanity_Fair_1897-06-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bois de Boulogne cyclists, by Jean Baptiste Guth in Vanity Fair, June 1897"><img alt="Bois de Boulogne cyclists, by Jean Baptiste Guth in Vanity Fair, June 1897" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Au_Bois_De_Boulogne_Vanity_Fair_1897-06-03.jpg/187px-Au_Bois_De_Boulogne_Vanity_Fair_1897-06-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Au_Bois_De_Boulogne_Vanity_Fair_1897-06-03.jpg/281px-Au_Bois_De_Boulogne_Vanity_Fair_1897-06-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Au_Bois_De_Boulogne_Vanity_Fair_1897-06-03.jpg/374px-Au_Bois_De_Boulogne_Vanity_Fair_1897-06-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bois de Boulogne cyclists, by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Guth" title="Jean Baptiste Guth">Jean Baptiste Guth</a> in <i>Vanity Fair</i>, June 1897</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_Alexandre_Gervex_-_Une_soir%C3%A9e_au_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan_-_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An evening at Pré Catelan, the restaurant in the Pré-Catelan in 1909, painted by Alexandre Gervex"><img alt="An evening at Pré Catelan, the restaurant in the Pré-Catelan in 1909, painted by Alexandre Gervex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Henri_Alexandre_Gervex_-_Une_soir%C3%A9e_au_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan_-_1909.jpg/187px-Henri_Alexandre_Gervex_-_Une_soir%C3%A9e_au_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan_-_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Henri_Alexandre_Gervex_-_Une_soir%C3%A9e_au_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan_-_1909.jpg/281px-Henri_Alexandre_Gervex_-_Une_soir%C3%A9e_au_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan_-_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Henri_Alexandre_Gervex_-_Une_soir%C3%A9e_au_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan_-_1909.jpg/374px-Henri_Alexandre_Gervex_-_Une_soir%C3%A9e_au_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan_-_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2002" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>An evening at Pré Catelan</i>, the restaurant in the Pré-Catelan in 1909, painted by Alexandre Gervex</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_park">Public park</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Public park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On weekends, the Bois de Boulogne is full of activities such as biking, jogging, boat rowing, horseback and pony rides, and remote control speed boats. Picnics are permitted in most parts of the park, but barbecues are not allowed. </p><p>The Bois de Boulogne hosts several races, like the 10 km (6.2 mi) of Boulogne and the Boulogne half marathon. Since its creation, the last part of the Paris marathon ends by crossing the Bois de Boulogne from 35 km (22 mi). Boulogne Wood is an important place of running in Paris. </p><p>The Bois holds a three-day weekend party in the month of July, with over 50 bands and singers, attended mostly by students who camp out overnight. </p><p>Though soliciting for <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a> is illegal in France, at night-time parts of the Bois de Boulogne are a popular rendezvous place for prostitutes, usually working in vans parked by the side of the road. The practice persists despite some French government efforts to eliminate this business from the park.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bois de Boulogne is home to many <a href="/wiki/Red_squirrel" title="Red squirrel">red squirrels</a>. They are protected by law in France, and dogs are required to be kept on leads in the park to ensure the safety of the squirrels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bois_de_Boulogne_-_OSM_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bois_de_Boulogne_-_OSM_2020.svg/500px-Bois_de_Boulogne_-_OSM_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="453" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bois_de_Boulogne_-_OSM_2020.svg/750px-Bois_de_Boulogne_-_OSM_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bois_de_Boulogne_-_OSM_2020.svg/1000px-Bois_de_Boulogne_-_OSM_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>Bois de Boulogne</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes_and_streams">Lakes and streams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lakes and streams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grande_cascade_bois_de_Boulogne.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grande_cascade_bois_de_Boulogne.JPG/220px-Grande_cascade_bois_de_Boulogne.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grande_cascade_bois_de_Boulogne.JPG/330px-Grande_cascade_bois_de_Boulogne.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Grande_cascade_bois_de_Boulogne.JPG/440px-Grande_cascade_bois_de_Boulogne.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption>The Grand Cascade</figcaption></figure> <p>The Bois de Boulogne contains two artificial lakes and eight artificial ponds, connected by three artificial streams. They receive their water from a canal drawn from Ourq River and from artesian wells in <a href="/wiki/Passy" title="Passy">Passy</a>. The water arrives in the <b>Lac Superieur</b> (Upper Lake), built in 1852 and located near the Hippodrome de Auteil, then flows by gravity to the <b>Grand Cascade</b> and then to the <b>Lac Inferieur</b>, or <b>Lower Lake</b>. </p> <ul><li>The <b>Lac Inferieur</b> (1853) is the largest lake in the park, near the large lawns of Muette. The area is very popular with joggers, and boats can be rented on the lower lake from 15 February to the end of October. The lake is the home to many swans and ducks. An island in the lake, accessible by boat, contains the city's only monument to the Park's builder, Napoleon III; a small wooden kiosk at the end of the island, called the Kiosk of the Emperor.</li> <li>The <b>Grand Cascade</b> (1856) was built out of four thousand cubic meters of rocks from Fontainebleau, and two thousand cubic meters of cement. In addition to the picturesque waterfall, it has two artificial grottoes, one over the other, which can be visited.</li> <li>The <b>Etang de Reservoir</b> holds the water before it falls in the Grand Cascade.</li> <li>The <b>Ruisseau de Longchamp</b> (1855) is the major artificial stream in the park. It flows through the Pré-Catelan, under the alley of Reine Marguerite, then to the <b>Mare des Biches</b>, one of the oldest natural ponds in the park, then to the Etang de Reservoir and the Grand Cascade.</li> <li>The <b>Mare de Saint-James</b> is located next to the Jardin d'Acclimatation, and was formerly a quarry for sand and gravel. It has two islands which are a sanctuary for birds and small animals.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gardens">Gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the Bois de Boulogne, there are several separate botanical and floral gardens, and gardens of amusement. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bagatelle" title="Château de Bagatelle">Château de Bagatelle</a>. Following the French Revolution, the miniature château and <a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English landscape garden</a> of the Bagatelle was restored to the Bourbon family. They sold it in 1835 to an English nobleman, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Seymour-Conway,_3rd_Marquess_of_Hertford" title="Francis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford">Francis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford</a>. It remained separate and outside the Bois de Boulogne until 1905, when it was purchased by the City of Paris and attached to the park. The garden was enlarged and redesigned by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Nicolas_Forestier" title="Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier">Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier</a>, the new Superintendent of Parks of Paris, a pupil of Alphand. He preserved many elements of the old garden, and added sections of botanical garden, including an iris garden and a pond for <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a>, or water lilies, popularized at the time by the paintings of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>. He also built one of the most popular features of the Bagatelle today, the rose garden. The rose garden today has more than nine thousand plants, and is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Concours_international_de_roses_nouvelles_de_Bagatelle" title="Concours international de roses nouvelles de Bagatelle">Concours international de roses nouvelles de Bagatelle</a>, held each June, one of the major competitions of new roses in the world. Since 1983, the Festival of Chopin in Paris is held in the Orangerie, next to the rose garden. The garden also hosts regular exhibits of sculpture and art.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequoiadendron_giganteum02_by_Lin%C3%A91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sequoiadendron_giganteum02_by_Lin%C3%A91.jpg/220px-Sequoiadendron_giganteum02_by_Lin%C3%A91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sequoiadendron_giganteum02_by_Lin%C3%A91.jpg/330px-Sequoiadendron_giganteum02_by_Lin%C3%A91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Sequoiadendron_giganteum02_by_Lin%C3%A91.jpg/440px-Sequoiadendron_giganteum02_by_Lin%C3%A91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="2251" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Giant_sequoia" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant sequoia">giant sequoia</a> tree in the Pré-Catelan, planted in 1872.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Jardin_d%27Acclimatation" title="Jardin d'Acclimatation">Jardin d'Acclimatation</a>, opened in 1860 as a zoo and pleasure garden, still has many of the traditional features of a children's amusement park, including an archery range, a miniature train ride, pony ride and <a href="/wiki/Guignol" title="Guignol">Guignol</a> puppet theater, but it underwent several changes in its theme in the last decade. A science museum for children, the Exploradome, opened in 1999. It also now includes a section with an Asian theme, with a teahouse, a lacquered bridge, and a Korean garden. In October 2014, a major new museum opened, the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_Foundation" title="Louis Vuitton Foundation">Louis Vuitton Foundation</a>, in a building designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Jardin_des_Serres_d%27Auteuil" title="Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil">Jardin des Serres d'Auteuil</a> is a large complex of greenhouses in the southern part of the park. They stand on the site of a botanical garden founded in 1761 by King Louis XV. The present greenhouses were built in 1895–98, and now house about one hundred thousand plants. In 1998 the greenhouses officially became part of the Botanical Garden in Paris, which also includes the Bagatelle in the Bois de Boulogne and the Parc Floral de Paris and the Arboretum de l'Ecole de Breuil in the <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a>.</li> <li>The <b>Pré-Catelan</b> still has a few vestiges of its early days; a majestic <a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">copper beech</a> planted in 1782; a <a href="/wiki/Giant_sequoia" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant sequoia">giant sequoia</a> tree planted in 1872; the old buffet built by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Davioud" title="Gabriel Davioud">Gabriel Davioud</a>; the grand restaurant built by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Tronchet" title="Guillaume Tronchet">Guillaume Tronchet</a> in 1905; and the Shakespeare Garden, created in 1953 on the site of the old floral theater. Five different natural settings contain all of the trees, bushes and flowers mentioned in Shakespeare's plays.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Longchamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippodrome de Longchamp">Hippodrome de Longchamp</a>, opened in 1857, is built on the site of the old Abbey of Longchamp. A restored windmill, the only building left of the Abbey, is located on the grounds of the track. The major annual racing event at the Hippodrome de Longchamp is the <a href="/wiki/Prix_de_l%27Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe">Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe</a>, held every October.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Auteuil_Hippodrome" title="Auteuil Hippodrome">Auteuil Hippodrome</a>, covering 33 hectares, opened in 1873. It is used exclusively for <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(horse_racing)" title="Steeplechase (horse racing)">steeplechase</a> racing.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stade_Roland_Garros" title="Stade Roland Garros">Stade Roland Garros</a> is a tennis complex which hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/French_Open" title="French Open">French Open</a> tournament in early June. It was opened in 1928 for the first defense of the <a href="/wiki/Davis_Cup" title="Davis Cup">Davis Cup</a> tennis tournament, and is named for the French aviator <a href="/wiki/Roland_Garros_(aviator)" title="Roland Garros (aviator)">Roland Garros</a>, who was the first pilot to fly solo across the Mediterranean and a First World War ace. The 8.5 hectare complex has twenty courts. The famous red clay courts are actually made of white limestone, dusted with a few millimeters of powdered red brick dust.</li> <li>A weekly 5 km <a href="/wiki/Parkrun" title="Parkrun">Parkrun</a> takes place within the park.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreation">Recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a seven-hectare <b>campground</b> in the Bois de Boulogne, Camping Indigo Paris, with five hundred and ten sites ("pitches") for travellers with tents, caravans and camping cars.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reservations can be made in advance, online.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobile home rentals are also available by reservation.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Bagatelle_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The pond of the Bagatelle garden contains a wide variety of Nymphaeaceae, or water lilies."><img alt="The pond of the Bagatelle garden contains a wide variety of Nymphaeaceae, or water lilies." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Paris_Bagatelle_05.jpg/187px-Paris_Bagatelle_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Paris_Bagatelle_05.jpg/281px-Paris_Bagatelle_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Paris_Bagatelle_05.jpg/374px-Paris_Bagatelle_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pond of the Bagatelle garden contains a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a>, or water lilies.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Bagatelle_Roseraie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The rose garden of the Bagatelle is the site each June of an international competition for new varieties of roses."><img alt="The rose garden of the Bagatelle is the site each June of an international competition for new varieties of roses." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paris_Bagatelle_Roseraie.jpg/187px-Paris_Bagatelle_Roseraie.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paris_Bagatelle_Roseraie.jpg/281px-Paris_Bagatelle_Roseraie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Paris_Bagatelle_Roseraie.jpg/374px-Paris_Bagatelle_Roseraie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="948" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The rose garden of the Bagatelle is the site each June of an international competition for new varieties of roses.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grande_cascade_Boulogne_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grand Cascade connects the two lakes in the Bois."><img alt="The Grand Cascade connects the two lakes in the Bois." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Grande_cascade_Boulogne_%281%29.jpg/187px-Grande_cascade_Boulogne_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Grande_cascade_Boulogne_%281%29.jpg/281px-Grande_cascade_Boulogne_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Grande_cascade_Boulogne_%281%29.jpg/374px-Grande_cascade_Boulogne_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Grand Cascade connects the two lakes in the Bois.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiosque_de_l%27Empereur_Bois_de_Boulogne_Paris_16e_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Kiosk of the Emperor on the lower lake."><img alt="The Kiosk of the Emperor on the lower lake." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kiosque_de_l%27Empereur_Bois_de_Boulogne_Paris_16e_004.jpg/187px-Kiosque_de_l%27Empereur_Bois_de_Boulogne_Paris_16e_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kiosque_de_l%27Empereur_Bois_de_Boulogne_Paris_16e_004.jpg/281px-Kiosque_de_l%27Empereur_Bois_de_Boulogne_Paris_16e_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Kiosque_de_l%27Empereur_Bois_de_Boulogne_Paris_16e_004.jpg/374px-Kiosque_de_l%27Empereur_Bois_de_Boulogne_Paris_16e_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Kiosk of the Emperor on the lower lake.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illiers_-_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winter scene in the Pré-Catelan."><img alt="Winter scene in the Pré-Catelan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illiers_-_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan.jpg/187px-Illiers_-_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illiers_-_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan.jpg/281px-Illiers_-_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illiers_-_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan.jpg/374px-Illiers_-_Pr%C3%A9_Catelan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Winter scene in the Pré-Catelan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cedrus_libani_trunc_by_Line1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A cedar of Lebanon tree (cedrus libani) in the Bois de Boulogne."><img alt="A cedar of Lebanon tree (cedrus libani) in the Bois de Boulogne." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cedrus_libani_trunc_by_Line1.jpg/125px-Cedrus_libani_trunc_by_Line1.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cedrus_libani_trunc_by_Line1.jpg/188px-Cedrus_libani_trunc_by_Line1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Cedrus_libani_trunc_by_Line1.jpg/250px-Cedrus_libani_trunc_by_Line1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cedar of Lebanon tree (<a href="/wiki/Cedrus_libani" title="Cedrus libani">cedrus libani</a>) in the Bois de Boulogne.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jardin_de_Bagatelle-Mai_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The garden of the Château de Bagatelle."><img alt="The garden of the Château de Bagatelle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jardin_de_Bagatelle-Mai_2010.JPG/187px-Jardin_de_Bagatelle-Mai_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jardin_de_Bagatelle-Mai_2010.JPG/281px-Jardin_de_Bagatelle-Mai_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Jardin_de_Bagatelle-Mai_2010.JPG/374px-Jardin_de_Bagatelle-Mai_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1202" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The garden of the Château de Bagatelle.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursus_arctos_02_by_Line1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bear in the zoo of the Jardin d'Acclimatation."><img alt="A bear in the zoo of the Jardin d'Acclimatation." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ursus_arctos_02_by_Line1.jpg/187px-Ursus_arctos_02_by_Line1.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ursus_arctos_02_by_Line1.jpg/281px-Ursus_arctos_02_by_Line1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ursus_arctos_02_by_Line1.jpg/374px-Ursus_arctos_02_by_Line1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bear in the zoo of the <a href="/wiki/Jardin_d%27Acclimatation" title="Jardin d'Acclimatation">Jardin d'Acclimatation</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Bois_Boulogne_Serres_Auteuil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The greenhouses of Auteuil contain a hundred thousand plants."><img alt="The greenhouses of Auteuil contain a hundred thousand plants." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paris_Bois_Boulogne_Serres_Auteuil.jpg/187px-Paris_Bois_Boulogne_Serres_Auteuil.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paris_Bois_Boulogne_Serres_Auteuil.jpg/281px-Paris_Bois_Boulogne_Serres_Auteuil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Paris_Bois_Boulogne_Serres_Auteuil.jpg/374px-Paris_Bois_Boulogne_Serres_Auteuil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The greenhouses of Auteuil contain a hundred thousand plants.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Moulin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The windmill at the Hippodrome de Longchamp is a vestige of the old Abbey of Longchamp, destroyed after the French Revolution."><img alt="The windmill at the Hippodrome de Longchamp is a vestige of the old Abbey of Longchamp, destroyed after the French Revolution." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Moulin.JPG/187px-2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Moulin.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Moulin.JPG/281px-2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Moulin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Moulin.JPG/374px-2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Moulin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The windmill at the <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Longchamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippodrome de Longchamp">Hippodrome de Longchamp</a> is a vestige of the old Abbey of Longchamp, destroyed after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Juddmonte_After_race1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hippodrome de Longchamp is the main racetrack of Paris"><img alt="The Hippodrome de Longchamp is the main racetrack of Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Juddmonte_After_race1.JPG/187px-2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Juddmonte_After_race1.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Juddmonte_After_race1.JPG/281px-2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Juddmonte_After_race1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Juddmonte_After_race1.JPG/374px-2012_Hippodrome_de_Longchamp_Juddmonte_After_race1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Longchamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippodrome de Longchamp">Hippodrome de Longchamp</a> is the main racetrack of Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217px; height: 197px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roland_Garros_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Stade de Roland Garros is the home of the annual French Open tennis tournament."><img alt="The Stade de Roland Garros is the home of the annual French Open tennis tournament." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Roland_Garros_02.JPG/187px-Roland_Garros_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Roland_Garros_02.JPG/281px-Roland_Garros_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Roland_Garros_02.JPG/374px-Roland_Garros_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Stade_de_Roland_Garros" class="mw-redirect" title="Stade de Roland Garros">Stade de Roland Garros</a> is the home of the annual <a href="/wiki/French_Open" title="French Open">French Open</a> tennis tournament.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Bois de Boulogne: city in mountain region of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> (Arabic: Ghābat Būlūnyā), 33 km (21 mi) from Beirut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bagatelle" title="Château de Bagatelle">Château de Bagatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Parks_and_Gardens_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Parks and Gardens of Paris">History of Parks and Gardens of Paris</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bois_de_Boulogne&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominique Jarrassé, <i>Grammaire des jardins Parisiens</i>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jarrassé, Dominique, <i>Grammaire des jardins Parisiens</i>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osi.ie/blog/phoenix-park-history-and-trivia/">"Phoenix Park History and Trivia - Ordnance Survey Ireland"</a>. 31 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Phoenix+Park+History+and+Trivia+-+Ordnance+Survey+Ireland&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osi.ie%2Fblog%2Fphoenix-park-history-and-trivia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParisDigest-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ParisDigest_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parisdigest.com/paris-gardens/bois-de-boulogne.htm">"Bois de Boulogne, the fanciest park in Paris"</a>. Paris Digest. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bois+de+Boulogne%2C+the+fanciest+park+in+Paris&rft.pub=Paris+Digest&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parisdigest.com%2Fparis-gardens%2Fbois-de-boulogne.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Its name is commemorated in the communes of <a href="/wiki/Rouvray-Catillon" title="Rouvray-Catillon">Rouvray-Catillon</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rouvray-St-Denis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rouvray-St-Denis (page does not exist)">Rouvray-St-Denis</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.paris.fr-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www.paris.fr_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www.paris.fr_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307112214/http://www.paris.fr/loisirs/paris-au-vert/bois-de-boulogne/un-peu-d-histoire/rub_6567_stand_16149_port_14916">"Un peu d'histoire..."</a> <i>www.paris.fr</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris.fr/loisirs/paris-au-vert/bois-de-boulogne/un-peu-d-histoire/rub_6567_stand_16149_port_14916">the original</a> on 7 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.paris.fr&rft.atitle=Un+peu+d%27histoire...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris.fr%2Floisirs%2Fparis-au-vert%2Fbois-de-boulogne%2Fun-peu-d-histoire%2Frub_6567_stand_16149_port_14916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The current Church of Notre Dame des Menus in <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a> is built on the foundation of Philip's chapel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serge Sauneron, ed. Belon, <i>Le Voyage en Égypte de Pierre Belon du Mans 1547</i>, (Cairo 1970) Introduction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapage.noos.fr/hubert.demory/madrid.htm">"Le château de Madrid"</a>. <i>mapage.noos.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mapage.noos.fr&rft.atitle=Le+ch%C3%A2teau+de+Madrid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmapage.noos.fr%2Fhubert.demory%2Fmadrid.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602012700/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/Early_Balloon_Flight_in_Europe/LTA1.htm">"U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission: Early Balloon Flight in Europe"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Lighter_than_air/Early_Balloon_Flight_in_Europe/LTA1.htm">the original</a> on 2 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Centennial+of+Flight+Commission%3A+Early+Balloon+Flight+in+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centennialofflight.gov%2Fessay%2FLighter_than_air%2FEarly_Balloon_Flight_in_Europe%2FLTA1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice de Moncan, <i>Les jardins du Baron Haussmann</i>, pp. 57-58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice de Moncan, <i>Les Jardins du Baron Haussmann,</i> p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. M. Chapman and Brian Chapman, <i>The Life and Times of Baron Haussmann: Paris in the Second Empire</i> (<a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>) 1957:89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Merruau, <i>Souvenirs de l'Hôtel de Ville de Paris, 1848-1852</i> (Paris 1875:37), quoted in David H. Pinkiney, "Napoleon III's Transformation of Paris: The Origins and Development of the Idea" <i>The Journal of Modern History</i> <b>27</b>.2 (June 1955:125-134), p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George-Eugène Haussmann, <i>Les Mémoires</i>, Paris (1891), cited in Patrice de Moncan, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jarrassé, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice de Moncan, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice de Moncan, pp. 29-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jarrassé, p. 107 and Patrice de Moncan, pp. 64-65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice de Moncan, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baedeker-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baedeker_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/22685197.5413.emory.edu/page/n131/mode/1up"><i>Paris and northern France : handbook for travellers</i></a>. Coblenz: K. Baedeker. 1867. p. 89<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+and+northern+France+%3A+handbook+for+travellers&rft.place=Coblenz&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=K.+Baedeker&rft.date=1867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F22685197.5413.emory.edu%2Fpage%2Fn131%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice de Moncan, pp. 65–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jarrassé, pp. 100–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/104447.html">"Woman and a girl driving"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Museum of Art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Woman+and+a+girl+driving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philamuseum.org%2Fcollections%2Fpermanent%2F104447.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jarrassé, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418132609/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1900/CRO/mixed-singles-one-ball.html">Sports-reference.com Summer Olympics Paris 28 June 1900 croquet mixed singles one-ball results.</a> Accessed 14 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418130730/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1900/TOW/mens-tug-of-war.html">Sports-reference.com Summer Olympic Paris 16 July 1900 tug-of-war men's results.</a> Accessed 14 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWytheHanson1919" class="citation web cs1">Wythe, George; Hanson, Joseph Mills (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924014114353/cu31924014114353_djvu.txt">"The inter-allied games, Paris, 22nd June to 6th July, 1919;"</a>. Paris: Printed by Société anonyme de publications périodiques<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Camping+de+Paris&rft.atitle=Camp+in+the+heart+of+Paris+-+Paris+campsite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcampingparis.fr%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.camping-indigo.com/en/paris-indigo-campsite/accommodation">"Our wooden accommodation to discover: trailer, cottage, tent - Paris campsite"</a>. <i>camping-indigo.com</i>.</cite><span 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href="http://www.oecd.org/document/63/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1956607_1_1_1_1,00.html">Michael Oborne, "History of the Château de la Muette"</a> in the Bois de Boulogne, <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Bois de Boulogne"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Bois_de_Boulogne">"Bois de Boulogne" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bois+de+Boulogne&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABois+de+Boulogne" 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="Template:16th arrondissement of Paris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="Template talk:16th arrondissement of Paris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:16th arrondissement of Paris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement of Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auteuil,_Paris" title="Auteuil, Paris">Auteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaillot" title="Chaillot">Chaillot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passy" title="Passy">Passy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocad%C3%A9ro,_Paris" title="Trocadéro, Paris">Trocadéro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary and<br />secondary schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Claude-Bernard" title="Lycée Claude-Bernard">Lycée Claude-Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Janson-de-Sailly" title="Lycée Janson-de-Sailly">Lycée Janson-de-Sailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Jean-Baptiste-Say" title="Lycée Jean-Baptiste-Say">Lycée Jean-Baptiste-Say</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Moli%C3%A8re_(Paris)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Molière (Paris) (page does not exist)">Lycée Molière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_La_Fontaine_(Paris)" title="Lycée La Fontaine (Paris)">Lycée La Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Octave-Feuillet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Octave-Feuillet (page does not exist)">Lycée Octave-Feuillet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_Pascal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École Pascal (page does not exist)">École Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Ren%C3%A9-Cassin_(Paris)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée René-Cassin (Paris) (page does not exist)">Lycée René-Cassin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_normale_isra%C3%A9lite_orientale_(Paris)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École normale israélite orientale (Paris) (page does not exist)">École normale israélite orientale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_de_l%27Assomption&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut de l'Assomption (page does not exist)">Institut de l'Assomption</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cours_priv%C3%A9_Beaus%C3%A9jour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cours privé Beauséjour (page does not exist)">Cours privé Beauséjour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89cole_d%27esth%C3%A9tique_Yves_Rocher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="École d'esthétique Yves Rocher (page does not exist)">École d'esthétique Yves Rocher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_de_La_Tour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut de La Tour (page does not exist)">Institut de La Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Paris" title="International School of Paris">International School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Embassy_School_in_Paris" title="Russian Embassy School in Paris">Russian Embassy School in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tablissement_Gerson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Établissement Gerson (page does not exist)">Établissement Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ip%C3%A9com_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipécom Paris (page does not exist)">Ipécom Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Moria-Diane_Benvenuti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Moria-Diane Benvenuti (page does not exist)">Lycée Moria-Diane Benvenuti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Notre-Dame_des_Oiseaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Notre-Dame des Oiseaux (page does not exist)">Lycée Notre-Dame des Oiseaux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Passy-Saint-Honor%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Passy-Saint-Honoré (page does not exist)">Lycée Passy-Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean_de_Passy" title="Saint-Jean de Passy">Saint-Jean de Passy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague" title="Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague">Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Sainte-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Sainte-Thérèse (page does not exist)">Lycée Sainte-Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsworth_International_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsworth International School">Kingsworth International School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Dauphine_University" title="Paris Dauphine University">Paris Dauphine University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a> (partial)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimet_Museum" title="Guimet Museum">Guimet Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_Foundation" title="Louis Vuitton Foundation">Louis Vuitton Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Bismarck_American_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Mona Bismarck American Center">Mona Bismarck American Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Balzac" title="Maison de Balzac">Maison de Balzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondation_Le_Corbusier" title="Fondation Le Corbusier">Maison la Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Arm%C3%A9nien_de_France" title="Musée Arménien de France">Musée Arménien de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Dentaire_Pierre_Fauchard" title="Musée d'Art Dentaire Pierre Fauchard">Musée d'Art Dentaire Pierre Fauchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Baccarat,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Baccarat, Paris">Musée Baccarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Clemenceau" title="Musée Clemenceau">Musée Clemenceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Contrefa%C3%A7on" title="Musée de la Contrefaçon">Musée de la Contrefaçon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Tokyo" title="Palais de Tokyo">Palais de Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Princes" title="Parc des Princes">Parc des Princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavillon_de_l%27eau" title="Pavillon de l'eau">Pavillon de l'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passy_Cemetery" title="Passy Cemetery">Passy Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscine_Molitor" title="Piscine Molitor">Piscine Molitor</a> (swimming pool)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Place Charles de Gaulle">Place Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Diana" title="Place Diana">Place Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Embassy_in_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Embassy in Paris (page does not exist)">Russian Embassy in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Jean-Bouin_(Paris)" title="Stade Jean-Bouin (Paris)">Stade Jean-Bouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Roland_Garros" title="Stade Roland Garros">Stade Roland Garros</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenniseum" title="Tenniseum">Tenniseum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paris Métro stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine (Paris Métro)">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boissi%C3%A8re_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boissière (Paris Métro)">Boissière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardon_Lagache_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chardon Lagache (Paris Métro)">Chardon Lagache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_%E2%80%93_%C3%89toile" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Gaulle – Étoile">Charles de Gaulle – Étoile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_d%27Auteuil_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Église d'Auteuil (Paris Métro)">Église d'Auteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exelmans_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exelmans (Paris Métro)">Exelmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%A9na_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iéna (Paris Métro)">Iéna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmin_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasmin (Paris Métro)">Jasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A9ber_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kléber (Paris Métro)">Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Muette_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Muette (Paris Métro)">La Muette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel-Ange_%E2%80%93_Auteuil_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel-Ange – Auteuil (Paris Métro)">Michel-Ange – Auteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel-Ange_%E2%80%93_Molitor_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel-Ange – Molitor (Paris Métro)">Michel-Ange – Molitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabeau_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirabeau (Paris Métro)">Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passy_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passy (Paris Métro)">Passy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_d%27Auteuil_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte d'Auteuil (Paris Métro)">Porte d'Auteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Dauphine_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte Dauphine (Paris Métro)">Porte Dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_de_Saint-Cloud_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte de Saint-Cloud (Paris Métro)">Porte de Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Maillot_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte Maillot (Paris Métro)">Porte Maillot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Molitor_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte Molitor (Paris Métro)">Porte Molitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranelagh_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranelagh (Paris Métro)">Ranelagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Pompe_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rue de la Pompe (Paris Métro)">Rue de la Pompe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocad%C3%A9ro_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trocadéro (Paris Métro)">Trocadéro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Hugo (Paris Métro)">Victor Hugo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paris RER stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle%E2%80%93%C3%89toile_station" title="Charles de Gaulle–Étoile station">Charles de Gaulle–Étoile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The <a href="/wiki/Institut_Culturel_Franco-Japonais_%E2%80%93_%C3%89cole_Japonaise_de_Paris" title="Institut Culturel Franco-Japonais – École Japonaise de Paris">École Japonaise de Paris</a> (Japanese School of Paris) was in Trocadéro until 1990</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1900_Summer_Olympics_(Paris)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1900_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1900 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Venues of the 1900 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="7th arrondissement of Paris">7th arrondissement of Paris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Levallois_92" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing Levallois 92">Croix-Catelan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan-en-Yvelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puteaux" title="Puteaux">Puteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satory" title="Satory">Satory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_discontinued_events" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_discontinued_events" title="Template:Olympic venues discontinued events"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_discontinued_events" title="Template talk:Olympic venues discontinued events"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_discontinued_events" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues discontinued events"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_discontinued_events" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_discontinued_events" title="List of Olympic venues in discontinued events">Olympic venues in discontinued events</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baseball</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a> (demonstration): <a href="/wiki/Dodger_Stadium" title="Dodger Stadium">Dodger Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a> (demonstration): <a href="/wiki/Jamsil_Baseball_Stadium" title="Jamsil Baseball Stadium">Jamsil Baseball Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/CB_Viladecans" title="CB Viladecans">Camp Municipal de Beisbol de Viladecans</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27Hospitalet_de_Llobregat_Baseball_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Baseball Stadium">L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Baseball Stadium</a> (final)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Atlanta%E2%80%93Fulton_County_Stadium" title="Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium">Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Blacktown_International_Sportspark" title="Blacktown International Sportspark">Blacktown Olympic Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Showground_Stadium" title="Sydney Showground Stadium">Sydney Baseball Stadium</a> (final)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Stadium" title="Hellinikon Stadium">Hellinikon Olympic Baseball Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadillac Arena">Wukesong Baseball Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Stadium" title="Yokohama Stadium">Yokohama Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Azuma_Baseball_Stadium" title="Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium">Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium</a> (opening match)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basque pelota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_pelota_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Basque pelota at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_pelota_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Basque pelota at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a> (demonstration): <a href="/wiki/Pavell%C3%B3_de_la_Vall_d%27Hebron" title="Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron">Pavelló de la Vall d'Hebron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cricket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croquet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croquet_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Croquet at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bois de Boulogne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jeu de paume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Jeu de paume at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Club" title="Queen's Club">Queen's Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lacrosse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Lacrosse at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Lacrosse at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hurlingham_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurlingham Club">Hurlingham Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bagatelle" title="Château de Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Cloud_Racecourse" title="Saint-Cloud Racecourse">Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Polo at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Berlin)" title="Olympiastadion (Berlin)">Mayfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rackets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rackets_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Rackets at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club" title="All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club">All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roque</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roque_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Roque at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Softball</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Golden_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Park">Golden Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Blacktown_Olympic_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacktown Olympic Park">Blacktown Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Softball_Stadium" title="Hellinikon Olympic Softball Stadium">Hellinikon Olympic Softball Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fengtai_Softball_Field" title="Fengtai Softball Field">Fengtai Softball Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Stadium" title="Yokohama Stadium">Yokohama Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Azuma_Baseball_Stadium" title="Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium">Fukushima Azuma Baseball Stadium</a> (opening match)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tug of war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Stockholm Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Tug of war at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympisch_Stadion_(Antwerp)" title="Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)">Olympisch Stadion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water motorsports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_motorsports_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Water motorsports at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Water" title="Southampton Water">Southampton Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tourism_in_Paris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Visitor_attractions_in_Paris" title="Template:Visitor attractions in Paris"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Visitor_attractions_in_Paris" title="Template talk:Visitor attractions in Paris"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Visitor_attractions_in_Paris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Visitor attractions in Paris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tourism_in_Paris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Paris" title="Tourism in Paris">Tourism in Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmarks_in_Paris" title="Landmarks in Paris">Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe_du_Carrousel" title="Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel">Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A8nes_de_Lut%C3%A8ce" title="Arènes de Lutèce">Arènes de Lutèce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Brongniart" title="Palais Brongniart">Bourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Paris" title="Catacombs of Paris">Catacombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Austerlitz" title="Gare d'Austerlitz">Gare d'Austerlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_l%27Est" title="Gare de l'Est">Gare de l'Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon" title="Gare de Lyon">Gare de Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Nord" title="Gare du Nord">Gare du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_Montparnasse" title="Gare Montparnasse">Gare Montparnasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_Saint-Lazare" title="Gare Saint-Lazare">Gare Saint-Lazare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_France" title="Institut de France">Institut de France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Arc_(Fr%C3%A9miet)" title="Jeanne d'Arc (Frémiet)">Jeanne d'Arc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Pyramid" title="Louvre Pyramid">Louvre Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor_Obelisks" title="Luxor Obelisks">Luxor Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od%C3%A9on-Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_de_l%27Europe" title="Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe">Odéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_Bastille" title="Opéra Bastille">Opéra Bastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Opéra Garnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonie_de_Paris" title="Philharmonie de Paris">Philharmonie de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Diana" title="Place Diana">Place Diana</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flame_of_Liberty" title="Flame of Liberty">Flame of Liberty</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Saint-Denis" title="Porte Saint-Denis">Porte Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_Saint-Martin" title="Porte Saint-Martin">Porte Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_(building)" title="Sorbonne (building)">Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Montparnasse" title="Tour Montparnasse">Tour Montparnasse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Museums_in_Paris" title="Museums in Paris">Museums</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Paris" title="List of museums in Paris">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Museum_(Paris)" title="Army Museum (Paris)">Army Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet" title="Musée Carnavalet">Carnavalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Pompidou" title="Centre Pompidou">Centre Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_des_Sciences_et_de_l%27Industrie" title="Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie">Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_nationale_du_Jeu_de_Paume" class="mw-redirect" title="Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume">Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton_Foundation" title="Louis Vuitton Foundation">Louis Vuitton Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_d%C3%A9coratifs,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris">Musée des Arts décoratifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Arts_et_M%C3%A9tiers" title="Musée des Arts et Métiers">Musée des Arts et Métiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_et_d%27Histoire_du_Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme">Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_Paris" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Balzac" title="Maison de Balzac">Maison de Balzac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Bourdelle" title="Musée Bourdelle">Musée Bourdelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que" title="Musée de la Cinémathèque">Musée de la Cinémathèque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Cognacq-Jay" title="Musée Cognacq-Jay">Musée Cognacq-Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Gr%C3%A9vin" title="Musée Grévin">Musée Grévin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guimet_Museum" title="Guimet Museum">Musée Guimet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Victor_Hugo" title="Maison de Victor Hugo">Maison de Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Jacquemart-Andr%C3%A9" title="Musée Jacquemart-André">Musée Jacquemart-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Marmottan_Monet" title="Musée Marmottan Monet">Musée Marmottan Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Montmartre" title="Musée de Montmartre">Musée de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_National_d%27Art_Moderne" title="Musée National d'Art Moderne">Musée National d'Art Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Musée national Eugène Delacroix">Musée national Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_Gustave_Moreau" title="Musée national Gustave Moreau">Musée national Gustave Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_des_Monuments_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Musée national des Monuments Français">Musée national des Monuments Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History,_France" title="National Museum of Natural History, France">Muséum national d'histoire naturelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny – Musée national du Moyen Âge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Orangerie" title="Musée de l'Orangerie">Musée de l'Orangerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Pasteur" title="Musée Pasteur">Musée Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso" title="Musée Picasso">Musée Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Quai_Branly_%E2%80%93_Jacques_Chirac" title="Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac">Musée du Quai Branly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Rodin" title="Musée Rodin">Musée Rodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27Honneur" title="Palais de la Légion d'Honneur">Palais de la Légion d'Honneur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" title="Musée de la Légion d'honneur">Musée de la Légion d'honneur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Vie_romantique" title="Musée de la Vie romantique">Musée de la Vie romantique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_buildings_in_Paris" title="List of religious buildings in Paris">Religious buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Paris" title="Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Paris">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cathedral_in_Paris" title="American Cathedral in Paris">American Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Church_in_Paris" title="American Church in Paris">American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cathedral_of_St._John_the_Baptist" title="Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist">Armenian Cathedral of St. John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapelle_expiatoire" title="Chapelle expiatoire">Chapelle expiatoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Paris" title="Grand Mosque of Paris">Grand Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Synagogue_of_Paris" title="Grand Synagogue of Paris">Grand Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue_de_Nazareth" title="Synagogue de Nazareth">Synagogue de Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine,_Paris" title="La Madeleine, Paris">La Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris" title="Notre-Dame de Paris">Notre-Dame de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle" title="Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle">Notre-Dame-de-Bonne-Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Lorette,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Paris">Notre-Dame-de-Lorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Victoires,_Paris" title="Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Paris">Notre-Dame-des-Victoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacr%C3%A9-C%C5%93ur,_Paris" title="Sacré-Cœur, Paris">Sacré-Cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ambroise,_Paris" title="Saint-Ambroise, Paris">Saint Ambroise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin,_Paris" title="Saint-Augustin, Paris">Saint-Augustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-du-Mont" title="Saint-Étienne-du-Mont">Saint-Étienne-du-Mont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Paris" title="Saint-Eustache, Paris">Saint-Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier,_Paris" title="Saint-François-Xavier, Paris">Saint-François-Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s_(abbey)" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés (abbey)">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain_l%27Auxerrois" title="Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois">Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais" title="Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais">Saint-Gervais-Saint-Protais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_Saint-Jacques" title="Tour Saint-Jacques">Tour Saint-Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean_de_Montmartre" title="Saint-Jean de Montmartre">Saint-Jean de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis" title="Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis">Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre_de_Montmartre" title="Saint-Pierre de Montmartre">Saint-Pierre de Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Paris" title="Saint-Roch, Paris">Saint-Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice,_Paris" title="Saint-Sulpice, Paris">Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vincent-de-Paul,_Paris" title="Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris">Saint-Vincent-de-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Chapelle" title="Sainte-Chapelle">Sainte-Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Clotilde,_Paris" title="Sainte-Clotilde, Paris">Sainte-Clotilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9,_Paris" title="Sainte-Trinité, Paris">Sainte-Trinité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_du_Marais" title="Temple du Marais">Temple du Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Gr%C3%A2ce_(church)" title="Val-de-Grâce (church)">Val-de-Grâce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hôtels particuliers<br />and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Beauvais" title="Hôtel de Beauvais">Hôtel de Beauvais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Charost" title="Hôtel de Charost">Hôtel de Charost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Crillon" title="Hôtel de Crillon">Hôtel de Crillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_d%27Estr%C3%A9es" title="Hôtel d'Estrées">Hôtel d'Estrées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_la_Pa%C3%AFva" title="Hôtel de la Païva">Hôtel de la Païva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Pontalba" title="Hôtel de Pontalba">Hôtel de Pontalba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Sens" title="Hôtel de Sens">Hôtel de Sens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Soubise" title="Hôtel de Soubise">Hôtel de Soubise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Sully" title="Hôtel de Sully">Hôtel de Sully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Lambert" title="Hôtel Lambert">Hôtel Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Matignon" title="Hôtel Matignon">Hôtel Matignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Luxembourg" title="Petit Luxembourg">Petit Luxembourg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Bourbon" title="Palais Bourbon">Palais Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Justice,_Paris" title="Palais de Justice, Paris">Palais de Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_Cit%C3%A9" title="Palais de la Cité">Palais de la Cité</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges, streets,<br />areas, squares<br />and waterways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_de_l%27Op%C3%A9ra" title="Avenue de l'Opéra">Avenue de l'Opéra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Foch" title="Avenue Foch">Avenue Foch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_George_V" title="Avenue George V">Avenue George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_de_la_Madeleine" title="Boulevard de la Madeleine">Boulevard de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulevard_de_S%C3%A9bastopol" title="Boulevard de Sébastopol">Boulevard de Sébastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_de_l%27Ourcq" title="Canal de l'Ourcq">Canal de l'Ourcq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Saint-Martin" title="Canal Saint-Martin">Canal Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars" title="Champ de Mars">Champ de Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covered_passages_of_Paris" title="Covered passages of Paris">Covered passages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_V%C3%A9ro-Dodat" title="Galerie Véro-Dodat">Galerie Véro-Dodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Choiseul" title="Passage Choiseul">Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_des_Panoramas" title="Passage des Panoramas">Panoramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_Vivienne" title="Galerie Vivienne">Galerie Vivienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_du_Havre" title="Passage du Havre">Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Jouffroy" title="Passage Jouffroy">Jouffroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Brady" title="Passage Brady">Brady</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter,_Paris" title="Latin Quarter, Paris">Latin Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Marais" title="The Marais">Le Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montparnasse" title="Montparnasse">Montparnasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Diana" title="Place Diana">Place Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Dauphine" title="Place Dauphine">Place Dauphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bastille" title="Place de la Bastille">Place de la Bastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Nation" title="Place de la Nation">Place de la Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique" title="Place de la République">Place de la République</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_%C3%89meutes-de-Stonewall" title="Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall">Place des Émeutes-de-Stonewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Place des États-Unis">Place des États-Unis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Pyramides" title="Place des Pyramides">Place des Pyramides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Victoires" title="Place des Victoires">Place des Victoires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_des_Vosges" title="Place des Vosges">Place des Vosges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Place du Châtelet">Place du Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_du_Tertre" title="Place du Tertre">Place du Tertre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Saint-Michel" title="Place Saint-Michel">Place Saint-Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Place Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Alexandre_III" title="Pont Alexandre III">Pont Alexandre III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_d%27I%C3%A9na" title="Pont d'Iéna">Pont d'Iéna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Bir-Hakeim" title="Pont de Bir-Hakeim">Pont de Bir-Hakeim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_des_Arts" title="Pont des Arts">Pont des Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf" title="Pont Neuf">Pont Neuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_du_Louvre" title="Port du Louvre">Port du Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rive_Gauche" title="Rive Gauche">Rive Gauche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Basse" title="Rue Basse">Rue Basse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Bonaparte" title="Rue Bonaparte">Rue Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Charlemagne" title="Rue Charlemagne">Rue Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_d%27Argenteuil" title="Rue d'Argenteuil">Rue d'Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Ferronnerie" title="Rue de la Ferronnerie">Rue de la Ferronnerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Paix,_Paris" title="Rue de la Paix, Paris">Rue de la Paix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Sourdi%C3%A8re" title="Rue de la Sourdière">Rue de la Sourdière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Montmorency" title="Rue de Montmorency">Rue de Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Richelieu" title="Rue de Richelieu">Rue de Richelieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Rivoli" title="Rue de Rivoli">Rue de Rivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Vaugirard" title="Rue de Vaugirard">Rue de Vaugirard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Francs-Bourgeois" title="Rue des Francs-Bourgeois">Rue des Francs-Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Lombards" title="Rue des Lombards">Rue des Lombards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Faubourg_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré">Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Elz%C3%A9vir" title="Rue Elzévir">Rue Elzévir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Foyatier" title="Rue Foyatier">Rue Foyatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Moli%C3%A8re" title="Rue Molière">Rue Molière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Montorgueil" title="Rue Montorgueil">Rue Montorgueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Radziwill" title="Rue Radziwill">Rue Radziwill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Rambuteau" title="Rue Rambuteau">Rue Rambuteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Mond%C3%A9tour" title="Rue Mondétour">Rue Mondétour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Pastourelle" title="Rue Pastourelle">Rue Pastourelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_des_Rosiers" title="Rue des Rosiers">Rue des Rosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">Rue Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Denis_(Paris)" title="Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)">Rue Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Sainte-Anne" title="Rue Sainte-Anne">Rue Sainte-Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés">Saint-Germain-des-Prés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocad%C3%A9ro,_Paris" title="Trocadéro, Paris">Trocadéro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaduc_d%27Austerlitz" title="Viaduc d'Austerlitz">Viaduc d'Austerlitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_parks_and_gardens_of_Paris" title="History of parks and gardens of Paris">Parks and gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bois de Boulogne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_d%27Acclimatation" title="Jardin d'Acclimatation">Jardin d'Acclimatation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parc_floral_de_Paris" title="Parc floral de Paris">Parc floral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jardin_du_Luxembourg" title="Jardin du Luxembourg">Jardin du Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Andr%C3%A9-Citro%C3%ABn" title="Parc André-Citroën">Parc André-Citroën</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Clichy-Batignolles_%E2%80%93_Martin_Luther_King" title="Parc Clichy-Batignolles – Martin Luther King">Parc Clichy-Batignolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Belleville" title="Parc de Belleville">Parc de Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Bercy" title="Parc de Bercy">Parc de Bercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_la_Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge" title="Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge">Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Buttes_Chaumont" title="Parc des Buttes Chaumont">Parc des Buttes Chaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Georges-Brassens" title="Parc Georges-Brassens">Parc Georges-Brassens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Monceau" title="Parc Monceau">Parc Monceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Montsouris" title="Parc Montsouris">Parc Montsouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coul%C3%A9e_verte_Ren%C3%A9-Dumont" title="Coulée verte René-Dumont">Coulée verte René-Dumont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accor_Arena" title="Accor Arena">Accor Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteuil_Hippodrome" title="Auteuil Hippodrome">Auteuil Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Georges_Carpentier" title="Halle Georges Carpentier">Halle Georges Carpentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longchamp_Racecourse" title="Longchamp Racecourse">Longchamp Hippodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_des_Princes" title="Parc des Princes">Parc des Princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscine_Molitor" title="Piscine Molitor">Piscine Molitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_de_La_Chapelle_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte de La Chapelle Arena">Porte de La Chapelle Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Jean-Bouin_(Paris)" title="Stade Jean-Bouin (Paris)">Stade Jean Bouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Pershing" title="Stade Pershing">Stade Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Pierre_de_Coubertin_(Paris)" title="Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris)">Stade Pierre de Coubertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Roland_Garros" title="Stade Roland Garros">Stade Roland Garros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_S%C3%A9bastien_Charl%C3%A9ty" title="Stade Sébastien Charléty">Stade Sébastien Charléty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Hippodrome de Vincennes">Vincennes Hippodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_Cemetery" title="Montmartre Cemetery">Montmartre Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montparnasse_Cemetery" title="Montparnasse Cemetery">Montparnasse Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passy_Cemetery" title="Passy Cemetery">Passy Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père Lachaise Cemetery</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde%27s_tomb" title="Oscar Wilde's tomb">Oscar Wilde's tomb</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picpus_Cemetery" title="Picpus Cemetery">Picpus Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Région parisienne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Basilica of Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27%C3%89couen" title="Château d'Écouen">Château d'Écouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chantilly" title="Château de Chantilly">Château de Chantilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Château de Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Malmaison" title="Château de Malmaison">Château de Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Rambouillet" title="Château de Rambouillet">Château de Rambouillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Sceaux" title="Château de Sceaux">Château de Sceaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Château</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Versailles" title="Gardens of Versailles">Gardens of Versailles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Trianon" title="Grand Trianon">Grand Trianon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Fresh_pavilion" title="Fresh pavilion">Fresh pavilion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes" title="Château de Vincennes">Château de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Arche" title="Grande Arche">Grande Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_La_D%C3%A9fense_Arena" title="Paris La Défense Arena">Paris La Défense Arena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Paris" title="Disneyland Paris">Disneyland Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Park_(Paris)" title="Disneyland Park (Paris)">Disneyland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Park" title="Walt Disney Studios Park">Walt Disney Studios Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorad%C3%B4me" title="Exploradôme">Exploradôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mont-Val%C3%A9rien" title="Fort Mont-Valérien">Fort Mont-Valérien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_la_France_combattante" title="Mémorial de la France combattante">Mémorial de la France combattante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresnes_American_Cemetery_and_Memorial" title="Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial">Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Miniature" title="France Miniature">France Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27air_et_de_l%27espace" title="Musée de l'air et de l'espace">Musée de l'air et de l'espace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard_d%27Alfort" title="Musée Fragonard d'Alfort">Musée Fragonard d'Alfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_Ast%C3%A9rix" title="Parc Astérix">Parc Astérix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Parc de Saint-Cloud">Parc de Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Guyon" title="La Roche-Guyon">La Roche-Guyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_%E2%80%93_Cit%C3%A9_de_la_c%C3%A9ramique" title="Sèvres – Cité de la céramique">Sèvres – Cité de la céramique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-le-Vicomte" title="Vaux-le-Vicomte">Vaux-le-Vicomte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Paris" title="Culture of Paris">Culture and events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day_military_parade" title="Bastille Day military parade">Bastille Day military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AEner_en_Blanc" title="Dîner en Blanc">Dîner en Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_Musique" title="Fête de la Musique">Fête de la Musique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuit_Blanche" title="Nuit Blanche">Nuit Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Fashion_Week" title="Paris Fashion Week">Paris Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-Plages" title="Paris-Plages">Paris-Plages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Guard_(France)" title="Republican Guard (France)">Republican Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidays" title="Solidays">Solidays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axe_historique" title="Axe historique">Axe historique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateau-Lavoir" title="Bateau-Lavoir">Bateau-Lavoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateaux_Mouches" title="Bateaux Mouches">Bateaux Mouches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_des_2_Moulins" title="Café des 2 Moulins">Café des 2 Moulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Procope" title="Café Procope">Café Procope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folies_Berg%C3%A8re" title="Folies Bergère">Folies Bergère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_in_Paris" title="Fountains in Paris">Fountains in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ruche_(residence)" title="La Ruche (residence)">La Ruche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Magots" title="Les Deux Magots">Les Deux Magots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim%27s" title="Maxim's">Maxim's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_de_la_Galette" title="Moulin de la Galette">Moulin de la Galette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro" title="Paris Métro">Paris Métro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro_entrances_by_Hector_Guimard" title="Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard">entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmartre_Funicular" title="Montmartre Funicular">Montmartre Funicular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Mus%C3%A9es" title="Paris Musées">Paris Musées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_syndrome" title="Paris syndrome">Paris syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Zoological_Park" title="Paris Zoological Park">Paris Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvre_Inverted_Pyramid" title="Louvre Inverted Pyramid">Pyramide inversée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Centre">World Heritage Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Paris" title="List of tourist attractions in Paris">List of tourist attractions in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Paris" title="Art in Paris">Art in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_syndrome" title="Paris syndrome">Paris syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prostitution_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prostitution_in_France" title="Template:Prostitution in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prostitution_in_France" title="Template talk:Prostitution in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prostitution_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prostitution in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prostitution_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_France" title="Prostitution in France">Prostitution in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_France" title="Prostitution in France">Prostitution in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Paris" title="Prostitution in Paris">Prostitution in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_prostitution_in_Paris" title="Chinese prostitution in Paris">Chinese prostitution in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Overseas_France" title="Prostitution in Overseas France">Prostitution in Overseas France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prostitution_in_France" title="History of prostitution in France">History of prostitution in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brothels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brothels_in_Paris" title="Brothels in Paris">Brothels in Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aux_Belles_Poules" title="Aux Belles Poules">Aux Belles Poules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chabanais" title="Le Chabanais">Le Chabanais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fleur_blanche" title="La Fleur blanche">La Fleur blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89toile_de_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="L'Étoile de Kléber">L'Étoile de Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanterne_Verte" title="Lanterne Verte">Lanterne Verte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fourcy" title="Le Fourcy">Le Fourcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maison_Souquet" title="Maison Souquet">Maison Souquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-Two-Two" title="One-Two-Two">One-Two-Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palais_Oriental_(Reims)" title="Palais Oriental (Reims)">Palais Oriental (Reims)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Sphinx" title="Le Sphinx">Le Sphinx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loi_Marthe_Richard" title="Loi Marthe Richard">Loi Marthe Richard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgane_Merteuil" title="Morgane Merteuil">Morgane Merteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Schaffauser" title="Thierry Schaffauser">Thierry Schaffauser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Brothel owners & madams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Claude" title="Madame Claude">Madame Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Gourdan" title="Marguerite Gourdan">Marguerite Gourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Paris" title="Justine Paris">Justine Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Courtesans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milienne_d%27Alen%C3%A7on" title="Émilienne d'Alençon">Émilienne d'Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Alibert" title="Marguerite Alibert">Marguerite Alibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_d%27Antigny" title="Blanche d'Antigny">Blanche d'Antigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Bellanger" title="Marguerite Bellanger">Marguerite Bellanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Br%C3%A9court" title="Jeanne Brécourt">Jeanne Brécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthe_de_Courri%C3%A8re" title="Berthe de Courrière">Berthe de Courrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Delorme" title="Marion Delorme">Marion Delorme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Victoire_Dervieux" title="Anne Victoire Dervieux">Anne Victoire Dervieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Anne_Detourbay" title="Marie-Anne Detourbay">Marie-Anne Detourbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Duplessis" title="Marie Duplessis">Marie Duplessis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalie_Duth%C3%A9" title="Rosalie Duthé">Rosalie Duthé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthe_de_Florian" title="Marthe de Florian">Marthe de Florian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_Foug%C3%A8re_(demimondaine)" title="Eugénie Fougère (demimondaine)">Eugénie Fougère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Gourdan" title="Marguerite Gourdan">Marguerite Gourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Grand" title="Catherine Grand">Catherine Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Madeleine_Guimard" title="Marie-Madeleine Guimard">Marie-Madeleine Guimard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtesse_de_La_Bigne" title="Valtesse de La Bigne">Valtesse de La Bigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Fran%C3%A7oise_Elisabeth_Lange" title="Anne Françoise Elisabeth Lange">Anne Françoise Elisabeth Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Lantelme" title="Geneviève Lantelme">Geneviève Lantelme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ry_Laurent" title="Méry Laurent">Méry Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninon_de_l%27Enclos" title="Ninon de l'Enclos">Ninon de l'Enclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onie_L%C3%A9on" title="Léonie Léon">Léonie Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_O%27Murphy" title="Marie-Louise O'Murphy">Marie-Louise O'Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Pa%C3%AFva" title="La Païva">La Païva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Paris" title="Justine Paris">Justine Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_P%C3%A9lissier" title="Olympe Pélissier">Olympe Pélissier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liane_de_Pougy" title="Liane de Pougy">Liane de Pougy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonie_Sabatier" title="Apollonie Sabatier">Apollonie Sabatier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Steinheil" title="Marguerite Steinheil">Marguerite Steinheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9sa_Tallien" title="Thérésa Tallien">Thérésa Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theroigne_de_Mericourt" title="Theroigne de Mericourt">Theroigne de Mericourt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pimps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carbone" title="Paul Carbone">Paul Carbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamida_Djandoubi" title="Hamida Djandoubi">Hamida Djandoubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Spirito" title="François Spirito">François Spirito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9taux_de_Villette" title="Rétaux de Villette">Rétaux de Villette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Prostitutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernande_Barrey" title="Fernande Barrey">Fernande Barrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahia_Dehar" title="Zahia Dehar">Zahia Dehar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Genet" title="Jean Genet">Jean Genet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtesse_de_La_Bigne" title="Valtesse de La Bigne">Valtesse de La Bigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lacroix" title="Caroline Lacroix">Caroline Lacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamila_M%27Barek" title="Jamila M'Barek">Jamila M'Barek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgane_Merteuil" title="Morgane Merteuil">Morgane Merteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Muzard" title="Suzanne Muzard">Suzanne Muzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthe_Richard" title="Marthe Richard">Marthe Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9taux_de_Villette" title="Rétaux de Villette">Rétaux de Villette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_amis_du_bus_des_femmes" title="Les amis du bus des femmes">Les amis du bus des femmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicat_du_travail_sexuel" title="Syndicat du travail sexuel">Syndicat du travail sexuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Red-light districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigalle,_Paris" title="Pigalle, Paris">Quartier Pigalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Denis_(Paris)" title="Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)">Rue Saint-Denis (Paris)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bordel_militaire_de_campagne" title="Bordel militaire de campagne">Bordel militaire de campagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade_de_r%C3%A9pression_du_prox%C3%A9n%C3%A9tisme" title="Brigade de répression du proxénétisme">Brigade de répression du proxénétisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_French_Woman" title="The French Woman">The French Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madelonnettes_Convent" title="Madelonnettes Convent">Madelonnettes Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Saint-Nizier_church_by_Lyon_prostitutes" title="Occupation of Saint-Nizier church by Lyon prostitutes">Occupation of Saint-Nizier church by Lyon prostitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parisian_Women_in_Algerian_Costume_(The_Harem)" title="Parisian Women in Algerian Costume (The Harem)">Parisian Women in Algerian Costume (The Harem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Impressionist_painting" title="Prostitution in Impressionist painting">Prostitution in Impressionist painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piti%C3%A9-Salp%C3%AAtri%C3%A8re_Hospital" title="Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital">Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209626#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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