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<span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&action=edit&oldid=905497803" title="Needle valve">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2019-07-09T14:12:30Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Peter_Horn" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Peter Horn" data-mw-revid="905497803"><bdi>Peter Horn</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Peter_Horn" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Peter Horn">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Peter_Horn" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Peter Horn">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autopatrolled" title="Wikipedia:Autopatrolled">Autopatrolled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemptions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reviewing_pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Reviewing pending changes">Pending changes reviewers</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>104,632</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#See_also">→<bdi dir="ltr">See also</bdi></a>: </span> + {{div col|colwidth=23em}}</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&diff=prev&oldid=905497803" title="Needle valve" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&oldid=938991062" title="Needle valve">Revision as of 17:27, 3 February 2020</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&action=edit&oldid=938991062" title="Needle valve">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2020-02-03T17:27:51Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&action=edit&undoafter=905497803&undo=938991062" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/216.136.102.98" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/216.136.102.98" data-mw-revid="938991062"><bdi>216.136.102.98</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:216.136.102.98" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:216.136.102.98">talk</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">No edit summary</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&diff=next&oldid=938991062" title="Needle valve" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>An instrument needle valve uses a tapered pin to gradually open a space for fine control of flow. The flow can be controlled and regulated with the use of a spindle. A needle valve has a relatively small orifice with a long, tapered seat, and a needle-shaped plunger on the end of a screw, which exactly fits the seat.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>An instrument needle valve uses a tapered pin to gradually open a space for fine control of flow. The flow can be controlled and regulated with the use of a spindle. A needle valve has a relatively small orifice with a long, tapered seat, and a needle-shaped plunger on the end of a screw, which exactly fits the seat.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>As the screw is turned and the plunger retracted, flow between the seat and the plunger is possible; however, until the plunger is completely retracted, the fluid flow is significantly impeded. Since it takes many turns of the fine-threaded screw to retract the plunger, precise regulation of the flow rate is easily possible.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>As the screw is turned and the plunger retracted, flow between the seat and the plunger is possible; however, until the plunger is completely retracted, the fluid flow is significantly impeded. Since it takes many turns of the fine-threaded screw to retract the plunger, precise regulation of the flow rate is easily possible<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, especially for low flow applications</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>{{cite web |title=Needle Valves |url=https://www.hylokusa.com/needle-valves/ |website=Hy-Lok USA |accessdate=3 February 2020}}</ref></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The virtue of the '''needle valve''' is from the [[vernier scale|vernier]] effect of the ratio between the needle's length and its diameter, or the difference in diameter between needle and seat. A long travel axially (the control input) makes for a very small and precise change radially (affecting the resultant flow).</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The virtue of the '''needle valve''' is from the [[vernier scale|vernier]] effect of the ratio between the needle's length and its diameter, or the difference in diameter between needle and seat. A long travel axially (the control input) makes for a very small and precise change radially (affecting the resultant flow).</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 17:27, 3 February 2020</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Needle_valve" title="Special:EditPage/Needle valve">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Needle+valve%22">"Needle valve"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Needle+valve%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Needle+valve%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Needle+valve%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Needle+valve%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Needle+valve%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Injector_Giffard-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Injector_Giffard-02.jpg/220px-Injector_Giffard-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Injector_Giffard-02.jpg/330px-Injector_Giffard-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Injector_Giffard-02.jpg/440px-Injector_Giffard-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Giffard steam water injector (B-needle valve).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Needle_valve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Needle_valve.jpg/220px-Needle_valve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Needle_valve.jpg/330px-Needle_valve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Needle_valve.jpg/440px-Needle_valve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A needle valve.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>needle valve</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">valve</a> with a small port and a <a href="/wiki/Screw_thread" title="Screw thread">threaded</a>, needle-shaped plunger. It allows <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/precision" class="extiw" title="wikt:precision">precise</a> regulation of <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">flow</a>, although it is generally only capable of relatively low flow rates. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_and_operation">Construction and operation</h2></div> <p>An instrument needle valve uses a tapered pin to gradually open a space for fine control of flow. The flow can be controlled and regulated with the use of a spindle. A needle valve has a relatively small orifice with a long, tapered seat, and a needle-shaped plunger on the end of a screw, which exactly fits the seat. </p><p>As the screw is turned and the plunger retracted, flow between the seat and the plunger is possible; however, until the plunger is completely retracted, the fluid flow is significantly impeded. Since it takes many turns of the fine-threaded screw to retract the plunger, precise regulation of the flow rate is easily possible, especially for low flow applications.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The virtue of the <b>needle valve</b> is from the <a href="/wiki/Vernier_scale" title="Vernier scale">vernier</a> effect of the ratio between the needle's length and its diameter, or the difference in diameter between needle and seat. A long travel axially (the control input) makes for a very small and precise change radially (affecting the resultant flow). </p><p>Needle valves may also be used in <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacuum system">vacuum systems</a>, when a precise control of gas flow is required, at low pressure,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as when filling <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube#Special-purpose_tubes" title="Vacuum tube">gas-filled vacuum tubes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gas_laser" title="Gas laser">gas lasers</a> and similar devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Automated_needle_valve_with_electric_actuator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Automated_needle_valve_with_electric_actuator.jpg/220px-Automated_needle_valve_with_electric_actuator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Automated_needle_valve_with_electric_actuator.jpg/330px-Automated_needle_valve_with_electric_actuator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Automated_needle_valve_with_electric_actuator.jpg/440px-Automated_needle_valve_with_electric_actuator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Electrically automated needle valve fluid on a fluid processing system.</figcaption></figure> <p>Needle valves are usually used in flow-metering applications, especially when a constant, calibrated, low flow rate must be maintained for some time, such as the idle fuel flow in a <a href="/wiki/Carburettor" class="mw-redirect" title="Carburettor">carburettor</a>. </p> <dl><dd>Note that the <a href="/wiki/Float_chamber" title="Float chamber">float valve</a> of a carburettor (controlling the fuel level within the carburettor) is <i>not</i> a needle valve, although it is commonly described as one. It uses a bluntly conical needle, but it seats against a square-edged seat rather than a matching cone. The intention here is to obtain a well-defined seat between two narrow mating surfaces, giving firm shutoff of the flow from only a light float pressure.</dd></dl> <p>Needle valves are also commonly used to provide shut off for the pressure gauge or on applicators to shut off the supply of NH3 to the knives in Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3) applications.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since flow rates are low and many turns of the valve stem are required to completely open or close, needle valves are not used for simple shutoff applications. </p><p>Since the orifice is small and the force advantage of the fine-threaded stem is high, needle valves are usually easy to shut off completely, with merely "finger-tight" pressure. The spindle and/or seat of a needle valve, especially one made from <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a>, are easily damaged by excessive turning force when shutting off the flow. </p><p>Small, simple needle valves are often used as <a href="/wiki/Bleed_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleed valve">bleed valves</a> in water-heating applications. </p><p>Unlike a <a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">ball valve</a> or valves with a rising stem, it is not easy to tell from examining the handle position whether the valve is open or closed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_valve" title="Butterfly valve">Butterfly valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_valve" title="Diaphragm valve">Diaphragm valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_limiter" title="Flow limiter">Flow limiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_valve" title="Gate valve">Gate valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_valve" title="Globe valve">Globe valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_flow_controller" title="Mass flow controller">Mass flow controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pressure_pipe_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pressure pipe systems">Plastic pressure pipe systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_valve" title="Plug valve">Plug valve</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hylokusa.com/needle-valves/">"Needle Valves"</a>. <i>Hy-Lok USA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hy-Lok+USA&rft.atitle=Needle+Valves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hylokusa.com%2Fneedle-valves%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeedle+valve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWardBunn1967" class="citation book cs1">Ward, L.; Bunn, J.P. (1967). <i>Introduction to the Theory and Practice of High Vacuum Technology</i>. Butterworths. pp. 125–126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Theory+and+Practice+of+High+Vacuum+Technology&rft.pages=125-126&rft.pub=Butterworths&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Bunn%2C+J.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeedle+valve" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.continentalnh3.com/needle-valves.html">"NH3 (Anhydrous Ammonia) Needle Valves"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NH3+%28Anhydrous+Ammonia%29+Needle+Valves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.continentalnh3.com%2Fneedle-valves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeedle+valve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&oldid=938991062">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Needle_valve&oldid=938991062</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valves" title="Category:Valves">Valves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plumbing_valves" title="Category:Plumbing valves">Plumbing valves</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_invalid_parameter_value" title="Category:CS1 errors: invalid parameter value">CS1 errors: invalid parameter value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2007" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2007">Articles needing additional references from December 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 February 2020, at 17:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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