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} }) </script> </div> </form> </fieldset> <article class="entryArticle content STeditorial"> <header class="entryHeader icon-author"> <h1 class="entryTitle">Clement, Hal </h1> </header><p class='tagLine'>Entry updated 18 November 2024. Tagged: Author.</p><div class="browsingBtns"> <span> <input class="button PNI previous" type="button" onclick="window.location.href='/next.php?id=p&entry=clement_hal'" value="Prev" /> </span> <span> <input class="button PNI next" type="button" onclick="window.location.href='/next.php?&entry=clement_hal'" value="Next" /> </span> <span> <input class="button PNI incoming" type="button" onclick="window.location.href='/incoming.php?entry=clement_hal'" value="About This Entry" title="What links to the entry; contributor initials explained; how to cite; other information" /> </span> <span><input class="button PNI" type="button" value="Checklist" onclick="window.location.hash='chklst'" ></span> <span><input class="button PNI" type="button" value="Alpha" onclick="window.location.href='/chron.php?id=clement_hal&abc'" ></span> <span><input class="button PNI" type="button" value="Chron" onclick="window.location.href='/chron.php?id=clement_hal'" ></span> <span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="window.open('/gallery.php?link=clement_hal');"> <img alt="Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com" style="margin: 0; position: relative; top:-2px;" src="/images/icon-gal.gif"></img></span> </div><p style='float:right; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:10px; position: relative; top: 3px;'> <a href='/gallery.php?id=Clement-Gravity.jpg' target='_blank'> <img src='https://x.sf-encyclopedia.com/gal/thumbs/Clement-Gravity.jpg' alt='pic'></a></p> <p>Working name used for his sf by US author Harry Clement Stubbs (1922-2003); he used his full name for science articles, and painted as George Richard. He held degrees in astronomy, chemistry and education, and was long employed as a high-school science teacher. His first books were very well received; he fell out of favour in his middle years, but his last decades saw him enjoy an Indian summer. He was inducted into the <a href="/entry/sf_hall_of_fame">Science Fiction Hall of Fame</a> in 1998, and was given the <a href="/entry/sfwa_grand_master_award">SFWA Grand Master Award</a> in 2000.</p> <p>From the beginning of his career Clement was associated with <a href="/entry/asf">Astounding</a>, where his first story, "Proof", appeared in June 1942, at the peak of the <a href="/entry/golden_age_of_sf">Golden Age of SF</a>. His work was from the first characterized by the complexity and compelling interest of the scientific (or at any rate scientifically literate) ideas which dominate each story. He was not noted as a stylist, nor was his interest in character depiction very strong. Many of his books – especially the highly abstract later ones – can for pages read like a dramatized exposition of ideas, absorbing though at times disconcerting for the novel reader. This is intermittently the case even with his first novel, <i>Needle</i> (May-June 1949 <a href="/entry/asf">Astounding</a>; exp <b>1950</b>; vt <i>From Outer Space</i> <b>1957</b>), a rather ponderous <a href="/entry/aliens">Alien</a>-<a href="/entry/invasion">Invasion</a> story with detection elements and a juvenile protagonist in a tale with a carefully delineated <a href="/entry/islands">Island</a> setting where the invader is both a symbiote requiring a human or animal host (see <a href="/entry/parasitism_and_symbiosis">Parasitism and Symbiosis</a>) and a policeman who is chasing and must deduce the location of another, malign member of his species concealed somewhere amid the human population. The boy becomes a first unwitting and then co-operative host to the good alien; it eventually emerges from logical deduction that the bad alien is inhabiting the boy's own father, and the son comes up with a ploy to drive the invader from his Dad. This internal symbiosis is a highly loaded theme, but <i>Needle</i> was published as <a href="/entry/childrens_sf">Children's SF</a> in the <b>Doubleday Young Moderns</b> sequence, and is told without any of the necessary queasy resonance; nor does its sequel, <i>Through the Eye of a Needle</i> (<b>1978</b>), written for the evolving <a href="/entry/young_adult">Young Adult</a> market, manage to cope any better with the human implications of its material.</p> <p>Clement's most famous – and far better – work is contained in his main series, the loose <b>Mesklin</b> sequence consisting of <i>Mission of Gravity</i> (April-July 1953 <a href="/entry/asf">Astounding</a>; cut <b>1954</b>; text restored with additions and one added story, as coll <b>1978</b>), <i>Close to Critical</i> (May-July 1958 <a href="/entry/asf">Astounding</a>; <b>1964</b>) and <i>Star Light</i> (June-September 1970 <a href="/entry/analog">Analog</a>; <b>1971</b>); all of this material is contained, with additional matter, in two volumes in the <b>Essential Hal Clement</b> series: <i>The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 1: Trio for Slide Rule and Typewriter</i> (omni <b>1999</b>) contains <i>Close to Critical</i> plus other, unconnected stories; <i>The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 3 Variations on a Theme by Sir Isaac Newton</i> (omni <b>2000</b>; vt <i>Heavy Planet: The Essential Mesklin Stories</i> <b>2002</b>) contains everything else. <i>Star Light</i> is a direct sequel to the first, while some of the characters in the second appear in the third as well, Elise ("Easy") Rich in <i>Close to Critical</i> being the "Easy" Hoffman of <i>Star Light</i>, 25 years older. <i>Mission of Gravity</i>, one of the best-loved novels in sf, is set on the intriguingly plausible high-gravity planet of Mesklin (see <a href="/entry/sense_of_wonder">Sense of Wonder</a>), inhabited by Clement's most interesting <a href="/entry/aliens">Aliens</a>. The plot concerns the efforts of the Mesklinite Captain Barlennan and his crew to assist a human team in extracting a vital component from a crashed space probe; the humans cannot perform the feat, because Mesklin's <a href="/entry/gravity">Gravity</a> varies from 3g at the equator to 700g at the poles. Barlennan's arduous trek is inherently fascinating, but perhaps even more engaging is Clement's presentation of the captain as a kind of Competent Man <i>in extremis</i>, a born engineer, a lover of knowledge. Though less vividly than in the depiction of Barlennan, these characteristics permeate the texts of everything that Clement wrote, even those stories whose protagonists are no more than pretexts for the unfolding of the genuine text – which is the physical Universe itself.</p> <p>Clement's most successful novels apply the basic <a href="/entry/thought_experiment">Thought Experiment</a> structure of <i>Mission of Gravity</i> to fundamentally similar basic storylines – a character, usually human though often alien, must cope with an alien environment, with or without the help of natives, as in <i>Iceworld</i> (October-December 1951 <a href="/entry/asf">Astounding</a>; <b>1953</b>) whose titular world is Earth as seen by a high-temperature being to whom it is initially unimaginable that substantial quantities of water can exist in liquid or solid form; <i>Cycle of Fire</i> (<b>1957</b>), an early <a href="/entry/hard_sf">Hard SF</a> example of a world whose <a href="/entry/great_year">Great Year</a> comprises hot and cold seasons each forty years long; and the stories variously assembled in <i>Natives of Space</i> (coll <b>1965</b>) and elsewhere, and fully represented in <i>The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 2: Music of Many Spheres</i> (coll <b>1999</b>). Clement's only collaboration, <i>Planet for Plunder</i> (February 1957 <a href="/entry/satellite_science_fiction">Satellite</a>; <b>2011</b>) with Sam <a href="/entry/merwin_sam_jr">Merwin</a> Jr, demonstrates his fascination with alien environments and viewpoints, as he initially wrote the story entirely from a nonhuman standpoint; Merwin, acting for <a href="/entry/satellite_science_fiction">Satellite</a>, where it appeared, wrote an additional 10,000 words from a human point of view.</p> <p>In Clement's later novels, particularly <i>Half Life</i> (fixup <b>1999</b>), this intense focus on the solving of problems within a strict sf universe becomes even more extreme; <i>Half Life</i>, set on another puzzle planet, in this case Titan, confronts various protagonists – none of whom actually meet one another, as they are in quarantine due to the opportunistic plagues which are destroying <i>Homo sapiens</i> on Earth – with challenges of a dauntingly impersonal nature; though the creation of disease-resistant strains of life may be the saving outcome. For half a century, Clement almost unfalteringly sought to maintain the relevance and seriousness of <a href="/entry/hard_sf">Hard-SF</a> sf focused rigorously on the physical sciences; and his vividness of imagination – his sense that the Universe is wonderful – generally overcame the awkwardness of his narrative technique. He is a figure of importance to genre not only for the ingenuity of his applications of science to the universe, but also for the vividness of his imagination, which in his best work overcame any awkwardnesses of narrative technique. What Clement best conveys from the <a href="/entry/golden_age_of_sf">Golden Age of SF</a> is something of continuing relevance: a sense that the Universe is wonderful. [JC/DRL]</p> <p><b>see also:</b> <a href="/entry/conceptual_breakthrough">Conceptual Breakthrough</a>; <a href="/entry/crime_and_punishment">Crime and Punishment</a>; <a href="/entry/ecology">Ecology</a>; <a href="/entry/fantastic_voyages">Fantastic Voyages</a>; <a href="/entry/robert_hale_limited">Robert Hale Limited</a>; <a href="/entry/scientific_errors">Scientific Errors</a>; <a href="/entry/skylark_award">Skylark Award</a>; <a href="/entry/stars">Stars</a>; <a href="/entry/sun">Sun</a>; <a href="/entry/under_the_sea">Under the Sea</a>; <a href="/entry/worldcon">Worldcon</a>.</p> <h3 id="chklst">Harry Clement Stubbs</h3> <p><b>born</b> Somerville, Massachusetts: 30 May 1922</p> <p><b>died</b> Boston, Massachusetts: 29 October 2003</p> <p><b>works</b></p> <p><input type="button" value="Alphabetical" class="button PNI" onclick="window.location.href='/chron.php?id=clement_hal&abc'"> <input type="button" value="Chronological" class="button PNI" onclick="window.location.href='/chron.php?id=clement_hal'"></p> <p><b>series</b></p> <p><b>Needle</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Needle&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Needle</a></em> (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, <b>1950</b>) [in the publisher's <b>Doubleday Young Moderns</b> series: <b>Needle</b>: hb/Galbone] <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=From+Outer+Space&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">From Outer Space</a></em> (New York: Avon Publications, <b>1957</b>) [vt of the above: <b>Needle</b>: pb/Richard <a href="/entry/powers_richard_m">Powers</a>]</li> </ul></li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Through+the+Eye+of+a+Needle&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Through the Eye of a Needle</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books, <b>1978</b>) [<b>Needle</b>: pb/H R <a href="/entry/van_dongen">van Dongen</a>]</li> </ul> <p><b>Mesklin</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Mission+of+Gravity&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Mission of Gravity</a></em> (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, <b>1954</b>) [<b>Mesklin</b>: hb/Joe <a href="/entry/mugnaini_joe">Mugnaini</a>] <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Mission+of+Gravity&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Mission of Gravity</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books, <b>1978</b>) [coll: text of the above restored with additions and one added story: <b>Mesklin</b>: pb/H R <a href="/entry/van_dongen">van Dongen</a>]</li> </ul></li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Close+to+Critical&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Close to Critical</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books, <b>1964</b>) [<b>Mesklin</b>: pb/Paul <a href="/entry/lehr_paul">Lehr</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Star+Light&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Star Light</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books, <b>1971</b>) [<b>Mesklin</b>: hb/Dean <a href="/entry/ellis_dean">Ellis</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Essential+Hal+Clement+Volume+3+Variations&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 3: Variations on a Theme by Sir Isaac Newton</a></em> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: NESFA Press, <b>2000</b>) [omni containing the above plus <em>Mission of Gravity</em> plus two stories and an essay: <b>Essential Hal Clement</b>: <b>Mesklin</b>: hb/Richard McKenna] <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Heavy+Planet+The+Essential+Mesklin+Stories&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Heavy Planet: The Essential Mesklin Stories</a></em> (New York: Tor, <b>2002</b>) [omni: vt of the above: <b>Mesklin</b>: pb/Richard McKenna]</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><b>Essential Hal Clement</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Essential+Hal+Clement+Volume+1+Trio+for&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 1: Trio for Slide Rule and Typewriter</a></em> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: NESFA Press, <b>1999</b>) [omni containing <em>Needle</em>, <em>Iceworld</em> and <em>Close to Critical</em>: <b>Essential Hal Clement</b>: hb/George Richard]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Essential+Hal+Clement+Volume+2+Music+of&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 2: Music of Many Spheres</a></em> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: NESFA Press, <b>1999</b>) [coll: <b>Essential Hal Clement</b>: hb/George Richard]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Essential+Hal+Clement+Volume+3+Variations&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Essential Hal Clement, Volume 3: Variations on a Theme by Sir Isaac Newton</a></em> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: NESFA Press, <b>2000</b>) [omni also listed with <b>Mesklin</b> titles above: <b>Essential Hal Clement</b>: <b>Mesklin</b>: hb/Richard McKenna]</li> </ul> <p><b>individual titles</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Iceworld&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Iceworld</a></em> (New York: Gnome Press, <b>1953</b>) [hb/Ric <a href="/entry/binkley_ric">Binkley</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Ranger+Boys+in+Space&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Ranger Boys in Space</a></em> (Boston, Massachusetts: L C Page and Company, <b>1956</b>) [hb/]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Cycle+of+Fire&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Cycle of Fire</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books, <b>1957</b>) [hb/Richard <a href="/entry/powers_richard_m">Powers</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Ocean+on+Top&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Ocean on Top</a></em> (New York: DAW Books, <b>1973</b>) [first appeared October-December 1967 in <a href="/entry/galaxy">Galaxy</a>: pb/Jack <a href="/entry/gaughan_jack">Gaughan</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Left+of+Africa&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Left of Africa</a></em> (New Orleans, Louisiana: The Aurian Society Press, <b>1976</b>) [hb/Dany Frolich]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Nitrogen+Fix&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Nitrogen Fix</a></em> (New York: Ace Books, <b>1980</b>) [pb/David <a href="/entry/mattingly_david_b">Mattingly</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Still+River&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Still River</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books/Del Rey, <b>1987</b>) [pb/Don <a href="/entry/dixon_don">Dixon</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Fossil+Isaac+Universe&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Fossil: Isaac's Universe</a></em> (New York: DAW Books, <b>1993</b>) [tie: <b>Isaac's Universe</b>: pb/Romas <a href="/entry/kukalis_romas_b">Kukalis</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Half+Life&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Half Life</a></em> (New York: Tor, <b>1999</b>) [fixup: stories first published in <a href="/entry/absolute_magnitude">Absolute Magnitude</a>: hb/The Chopping Block]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Noise&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Noise</a></em> (New York: Tor, <b>2003</b>) [hb/John <a href="/entry/harris_john">Harris</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Planet+for+Plunder&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Planet for Plunder</a></em> (Medford, Oregon: Armchair Fiction, <b>2011</b>) with Sam <a href="/entry/merwin_sam_jr">Merwin</a>, Jr [dos: first appeared February 1957 <a href="/entry/satellite_science_fiction">Satellite</a>: pb/]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Green+World&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Green World</a></em> (Medford, Oregon: Armchair Fiction, <b>2012</b>) [dos: first appeared May 1963 <a href="/entry/if">If</a>: pb/from John Pederson Jr]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Lunar+Lichen&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Lunar Lichen</a></em> (Medford, Oregon: Armchair Fiction, <b>2013</b>) [dos: first appeared February 1960 <a href="/entry/future_science_fiction">Future Science Fiction</a>: pb/]</li> </ul> <p><b>collections and stories</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Natives+of+Space&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Natives of Space</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books, <b>1965</b>) [coll: pb/Richard <a href="/entry/powers_richard_m">Powers</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Small+Changes&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Small Changes</a></em> (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, <b>1969</b>) [coll: hb/Richard Kapolka] <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Space+Lash&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Space Lash</a></em> (New York: Dell Books, <b>1969</b>) [coll: vt of the above: pb/Jerome <a href="/entry/podwil_jerome">Podwil</a>]</li> </ul></li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=The+Best+of+Hal+Clement&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">The Best of Hal Clement</a></em> (New York: Ballantine Books, <b>1979</b>) [coll: edited by Lester <a href="/entry/del_rey_lester">del Rey</a>: pb/H R <a href="/entry/van_dongen">van Dongen</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Intuit&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Intuit</a></em> (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The NESFA Press, <b>1987</b>) [coll: <b>Laird Cunningham</b>: illus/hb/Bob <a href="/entry/eggleton_bob">Eggleton</a>]</li> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Attitude&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Attitude</a></em> (no place given: Project Gutenberg, <b>2020</b>) [story: ebook: first appeared September 1943 <a href="/entry/asf">Astounding</a>: na/]</li> </ul> <p><b>nonfiction</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Some+Notes+on+XI+Bootis&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Some Notes on XI Boötis</a></em> (Chicago, Illinois: Advent: Publishers, <b>1960</b>) [chap: lecture: pb/Jon Stopa]</li> </ul> <p><b>works as editor</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=First+Flights+to+the+Moon&field-author=Clement+Hal" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">First Flights to the Moon</a></em> (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, <b>1970</b>) [anth: <a href="/entry/moon">Moon</a>: hb/Roger Zimmerman]</li> </ul> <p><b>about the author</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li>Donald M <a href="/entry/hassler_donald_m">Hassler</a>. <em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Hal+Clement&field-author=Hassler+Donald+M" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Hal Clement</a></em> (Mercer Island, Washington: Starmont House, <b>1982</b>) [nonfiction: <b>Starmont Readers Guide</b> 11: pb/Stephen E <a href="/entry/fabian_stephen_e">Fabian</a>]</li> <li>Gordon <a href="/entry/benson_gordon_jr">Benson</a> Jr. <em><a href="/sfeshop.php?field-keywords=Hal+Clement+Scientist+with+a+Mission+A+Working&field-author=Benson+Gordon+Jr" class="link-amazon" target="_blank">Hal Clement, Scientist with a Mission: A Working Bibliography</a></em> (Leeds, West Yorkshire: Galactic Central Publications, <b>1989</b>) [bibliography: chap: fifth edition: in the publisher's <b>Bibliographies for the Avid Reader</b> series: pb/nonpictorial]</li> </ul> <p><b>links</b></p> <ul class="x"> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?233">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/46167">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/gallery.php?link=clement_hal">Picture Gallery</a></li> </ul> <p><b>previous versions of this entry</b></p> <ul><li><a href='https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/clement_hal' target='_blank'>Internet Archive</a></li></ul><br /><br /></article></div> <div class="sideBarsWrapper"> <div class="sideBarsColsWrapper clearfix"> <div class="column sideBar12 clearfix"> <div class="columnForm"><aside id="blogFeed" class="widget"> <div class="content STeditorial clearfix"> 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