CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Het - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"43a59745-0e6d-477d-9e68-4a19da1d6d04","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Het","wgTitle":"Het","wgCurRevisionId":6332626,"wgRevisionId":6332626,"wgArticleId":213933,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Halaman menggunakan kotak info negara atau kotak info bekas negara dengan parameter symbol caption atau type","Semua rencana dengan kenyataan tidak bersumber","Pautan wayback templat webarchive","Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib ISBN","Hittite","Orang kuno","Sejarah Syria","Sejarah Turki","Orang Indo-Eropah","Mediterranean","Sejarah Mediterranean"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Het","wgRelevantArticleId":213933,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5406","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.MenuKedaiKopi","ext.gadget.mySandbox","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hittite_Kingdom.png/1200px-Hittite_Kingdom.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="797"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hittite_Kingdom.png/960px-Hittite_Kingdom.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="531"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="425"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Het - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Het"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Het"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Het rootpage-Het skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menu utama" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Laman-Utama" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti" title="Tentang projek, perkara yang anda dapat lakukan, tempat untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Het" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Het" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Sumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Het" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Het" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penemuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penemuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penemuan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Penemuan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Penemuan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Penemuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latar_belakang_Alkitab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latar_belakang_Alkitab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Latar belakang Alkitab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latar_belakang_Alkitab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penemuan_awal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penemuan_awal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Penemuan awal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penemuan_awal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tulisan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tulisan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tulisan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tulisan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muzium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muzium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Muzium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muzium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asal-usul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asal-usul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Asal-usul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asal-usul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Het</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 90 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetiete" title="Hetiete – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hetiete" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hethiter" title="Hethiter – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hethiter" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="حيثيون – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيثيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitites" title="Hitites – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hitites" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetl%C9%99r" title="Hetlər – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hetlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1" title="هیتیتلر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیتیتلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Het" title="Orang Het – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Het" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="হিট্টীয় জাতি – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিট্টীয় জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хеттар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хеттар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Хеты – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хеты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetiti" title="Hetiti – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hetiti" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitited" title="Hitited – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hitited" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хети – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хети" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitites" title="Hitites – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hitites" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itita" title="Itita – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Itita" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetit%C3%A9" title="Chetité – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chetité" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hethiaid" title="Hethiaid – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hethiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittitter" title="Hittitter – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hittitter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hethiter" title="Hethiter – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hethiter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetid" title="Hetid – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hetid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Χετταίοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χετταίοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hittites" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hititas" title="Hititas – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hititas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hititoj" title="Hititoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hititoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitita" title="Hitita – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hitita" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="هیتی‌ها – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیتی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittittar" title="Hittittar – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hittittar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hittites" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hettiten" title="Hettiten – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hettiten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitigh" title="Hitigh – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hitigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hititas" title="Hititas – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hititas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="히타이트 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히타이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խեթեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խեթեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="हत्ती लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हत्ती लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetiti" title="Hetiti – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hetiti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitt%C3%ADtar" title="Hittítar – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hittítar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittiti" title="Ittiti – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ittiti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חתים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חתים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Hittit" title="Bangsa Hittit – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bangsa Hittit" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ხეთები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხეთები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahiti" title="Wahiti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wahiti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AEt%C3%AEt" title="Hîtît – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hîtît" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetthaei" title="Hetthaei – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hetthaei" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heti" title="Heti – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Heti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetitai" title="Hetitai – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hetitai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hititas" title="Hititas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Hititas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hettit%C3%A1k" title="Hettiták – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hettiták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хетити – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хетити" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitita_(vahoaka)" title="Hitita (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hitita (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="ഹിത്യർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിത്യർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ხეთეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხეთეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="حيثيين – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حيثيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ik_(g%C5%AB_gu%C3%B3k)" title="Háik (gū guók) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háik (gū guók)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hettieten" title="Hettieten – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hettieten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="हिट्टेली साम्राज्य – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिट्टेली साम्राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="ヒッタイト – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒッタイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hettittene" title="Hettittene – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hettittene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hettittane" title="Hettittane – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hettittane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Hittites" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ititas" title="Ititas – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ititas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xettlar" title="Xettlar – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xettlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%87%DB%90%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A" title="د هېتیانو واکمني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د هېتیانو واکمني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetyci" title="Hetyci – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hetyci" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hititas" title="Hititas – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hititas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiti%C8%9Bi" title="Hitiți – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hitiți" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Хетты – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хетты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitit%C3%ABt" title="Hititët – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hititët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hittites" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetiti" title="Chetiti – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chetiti" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetiti" title="Hetiti – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hetiti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaytiyiin" title="Xaytiyiin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xaytiyiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھیتییەکان – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیتییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хетити – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хетити" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetiti" title="Hetiti – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hetiti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heettil%C3%A4iset" title="Heettiläiset – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heettiläiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hettiter" title="Hettiter – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hettiter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteo" title="Heteo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heteo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இட்டைட்டு பேரரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இட்டைட்டு பேரரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮิตไทต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิตไทต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hitti" title="Người Hitti – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hitti" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hititler" title="Hititler – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hititler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хети – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хети" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA" title="حتی سلطنت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حتی سلطنت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%AA_%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ختتىت ئىمپېرىيەسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ختتىت ئىمپېرىيەسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitita" title="Hitita – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hitita" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%A2%AF" title="赫梯 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赫梯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%A2%AF" title="赫梯 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="赫梯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hititan" title="Hititan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hititan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetit%C4%81" title="Hetitā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Hetitā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E6%A2%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="赫梯帝國 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫梯帝國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5406#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Het" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Het" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Het"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Het"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Het" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Het" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&oldid=6332626" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Het&id=6332626&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHet"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHet"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Het"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Het&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hittites" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5406" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6373584">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Empayar Het</div><div class="ib-country-names"><small>Name:</small><br /><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">URUHa-at-ti</span><br /><small>("Tanah Hatti")</small><br /></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">s. 1600 SM–s. 1180 SM</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hittite_sun_disk.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cakera matahari Het, simbol kerabat diraja. Het"><img alt="Cakera matahari Het, simbol kerabat diraja. Het" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hittite_sun_disk.jpeg/85px-Hittite_sun_disk.jpeg" decoding="async" width="85" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hittite_sun_disk.jpeg/128px-Hittite_sun_disk.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Hittite_sun_disk.jpeg/170px-Hittite_sun_disk.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="268" /></a></span><div style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;">Cakera matahari Het, simbol kerabat diraja.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hittite_Kingdom.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Empayar Het pada zaman kemuncaknya di bawah Mursili II (sekitar 1321 – 1295 SM)."><img alt="Empayar Het pada zaman kemuncaknya di bawah Mursili II (sekitar 1321 – 1295 SM)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hittite_Kingdom.png/250px-Hittite_Kingdom.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hittite_Kingdom.png/500px-Hittite_Kingdom.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="996" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Empayar Het pada zaman kemuncaknya di bawah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mursili_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mursili II (laman tidak wujud)">Mursili II</a> (sekitar 1321 – 1295 SM).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_negara" title="Ibu negara">Ibu negara</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><small> <a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Hattusa</a> dan bagi satu tempoh singkat, <a href="/wiki/Tarhuntasya" title="Tarhuntasya">Tarhuntasya</a> <br /></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bahasa yang umum digunakan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hittite" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Hittite">Het</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luwia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luwia (laman tidak wujud)">Luwia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palai" title="Palai">Palai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hurria (laman tidak wujud)">Hurria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asyur" class="mw-redirect" title="Asyur">Asyur</a> dan bahasa-bahasa Anatolia lain.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama</a> <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Politeisme, dewa-dewa Anatolia.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Het&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Het (laman tidak wujud)">Orang Het</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kerajaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Autokrasi" title="Autokrasi">Autokrasi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugal (laman tidak wujud)">Lugal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• s. 1586–1556 SM </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattusili_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hattusili I (laman tidak wujud)">Hattusili I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1556–1526 SM </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mursili_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mursili I (laman tidak wujud)">Mursili I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• awal kurun ke-14 SM </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudhaliya_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tudhaliya I (laman tidak wujud)">Tudhaliya I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• sekitar 1350–1322 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suppiluliuma_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suppiluliuma I (laman tidak wujud)">Suppiluliuma I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• sekitar 1321–1295 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mursili_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mursili II (laman tidak wujud)">Mursili II</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• sekitar 1295–1272 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muwattalli_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muwattalli II (laman tidak wujud)">Muwattalli II</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era Sejarah</th><td class="infobox-data">Zaman Gangsa Akhir</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labarna_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labarna I (laman tidak wujud)">Labarna I</a> menakluk Hatti </div></th><td class="infobox-data">s. 1600 SM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Serangan oleh bangsa laut dan kerajaan sekitar membawa penamat kepada Hatti </div></th><td class="infobox-data">s. 1180 SM</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Empayar Het</b> atau <b>empayar Nesya</b> ialah orang <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> purba yang pernah mengasaskan sebuah kerajaan yang berpusat di <a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Hattusa</a> (bahasa Het: <sup>URU</sup><i><span class="Unicode">Ḫattuša</span></i>, "Hattusa") di tengah utara Anatolia sekitar 1600 SM. Empayar Het pada zaman kemuncaknya pada kurun ke-14 SM di bawah naungan Suppiluliuma I, merangkumi sebahagian besar <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, barat laut <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, sejauh muara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Litani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Litani (laman tidak wujud)">Sungai Litani</a> (sebuah wilayah dikenali sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amqu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amqu (laman tidak wujud)">Amqu</a>), dan ke arah timur sehingga ke hulu <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. </p><p>Antara abad ke-15 dan ke-13 SM, empayar negeri Hattusa, juga dipanggil Kerajaan Het, berkonflik dengan <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Baru_Mesir" title="Kerajaan Baru Mesir">Kerajaan Baru Mesir</a>, Asyur Pertengahan dan empayar Mitanni kerana mahu mengawal <a href="/wiki/Timur_Dekat_Kuno" title="Timur Dekat Kuno">Asia Barat Jauh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asyur" class="mw-redirect" title="Asyur">Kerajaan Asyur</a> akhirnya menjadi lebih kuat dan mengilhak banyak tanah Empayar Het, manakala yang selebihnya dijarah oleh pendatang dari <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Frigia</a>. Selepas sekitar tahun 1180 SM, semasa kejatuhan Zaman Gangsa, kerajaan Het berpecah kepada beberapa negeri kota "Het Baharu" yang berdaulat. Beberapa antaranya wujud sehingga lewat abad ke-8 SM sebelum jatuh ke tangan Kerajaan Asyur Baharu. </p><p>Bahasa Het berasal daripada cabang bahasa Anatolia dalam rumpun <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Indo-Eropah" title="Bahasa-bahasa Indo-Eropah">bahasa Indo-Eropah</a>, bersama-sama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Luwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Luwi (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Luwi</a>, dan merupakan bahasa Indo-Eropah tertua yang diketahui setakat kini.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia digelar oleh bangsa Het sendiri sebagai '<b>nešili</b>' "perihal [berbahasa] Nesya (kini dipanggil Kültepe)". Bangsa Het memanggil nama negeri mereka sebagai <i>Kerajaan Hattusa</i> (Hatti dalam bahasa <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Akkadia" title="Bahasa Akkadia">Akkadia</a>), daripada orang Hatti, sebuah bangsa yang pernah duduk di rantau mereka sehinggalah awal alaf ke-2 dan bercakap bahasa lain bernama bahasa Hatti.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nama "<i>Hittite</i>" datang daripada ahli arkeologi abad ke-19 yang mengaitkan bangsa yang ditemui mereka dengan yang disebut dalam Alkitab. </p><p>Kebanyakan sejarah ketamadunan Het yang diketahui datang daripada teks-teks <a href="/wiki/Tulisan_pepaku" title="Tulisan pepaku">tulisan pepaku</a> yang ditemui di kawasan kerajaan mereka, juga daripada surat-surat diplomatik dan komersial dalam arkib-arkib kerajaan <a href="/wiki/Asyur" class="mw-redirect" title="Asyur">Asyur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babilonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir_Purba" title="Mesir Purba">Mesir</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat">Asia Barat</a>. Teks-teks tersebut juga penting dalam bidang sejarah linguistik Indo-Eropah. Angkatan tentera Het juga ada menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Rata" title="Rata">rata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perkembangan dalam bidang peleburan besi dikatakan datang daripada kerajaan Het di Anatolia sewaktu Zaman Gangsa Akhir, disebabkan mereka memang mahir dan telah memonopoli pertukangan besi. Namun pandangan "Het memonopoli" disangsikan dan tidak lagi diterima dalam kalangan pakar.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berkaitan Zaman Gangsa Akhir/Zaman Besi Awal, kejatuhan Zaman Gangsa menyaksikan penggunaan besi secara meleluasa di rantau mereka. Barangan besi memang ada di Anatolia sewaktu Zaman Gangsa, tetapi jumlahnya di semua tempat adalah sama dan tidak banyak; besi tidak lazim digunakan sebagai senjata.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bangsa Het tidak menggunakan proses peleburan besi, sebaliknya mereka menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Meteorit" title="Meteorit">meteorit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada zaman klasik, dinasti etnik Het terdapat di kerajaan-kerajaan kecil dan tersebar di tanah <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Setelah hubungan berkurangan dengan kerajaan Het, keturunan mereka terselerak dan akhirnya bergabung dengan penduduk-penduduk <a href="/wiki/Syam" title="Syam">Syam</a>, Turki, dan <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1923, minat terhadap Het berkembang dengan pengasasan <a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Turki">Republik Turki</a> dan menarik perhatian ahli arkeologi seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Halet_%C3%87ambel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halet Çambel (laman tidak wujud)">Halet Çambel</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahsin_%C3%96zg%C3%BC%C3%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahsin Özgüç (laman tidak wujud)">Tahsin Özgüç</a>. Pada zaman ini, bidang kajian baharu iaitu Hititologi (kaji bangsa Het, Hetologi) juga mempengaruh penamaan institusi-institusi Turki, seperti bank milik kerajaan <i>Etibank</i> ("bank Het"),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan yayasan Muzium Ketamadunan Anatolia (<i>Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi</i>) di <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, 200 kilometer barat dari ibu negeri Het yang menempatkan pameran artifak dan citra Het yang terbesar di dunia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ada yang memanggil kerajaan, bangsa, atau bahasa Het sebagai "Hittite". <i>Hittite</i> datang daripada <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>, yang diambil daripada <a href="/wiki/Ibrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrani">Ibrani</a> חִתִּי‎ (ḫītī), daripada Het: 𒄩𒋾 (ḫati);<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<i>Hiti</i>" dari Ibrani ditambahkan imbuhan akhiran "<i>-ite</i>" untuk menunjukkan perkaitan. Kekeliruan tertimbul apabila nama Hatti dan Hitti mula digunakan dengan berbeza. Bangsa Hatti bagi bangsa yang berada di tengah Anatolia, manakala kerajaan Het datang daripada Alkitab dan ia diberi pula kepada kerajaan yang menggantikan kerajaan Hatti. </p><p>Bangsa Het sendiri memanggil diri mereka bangsa Nesya (𒉈𒅆𒇷 "nešili", perihal (orang) Nesya) merujuk kepada penempatan mereka. Kerajaan asing seperti Mesir memanggil mereka <i>khita</i> atau <i>kheta</i>, kemudian dalam bahasa Latin Lewat <i>Hethaeus</i>. Dengan itu, menamakan bangsa berkenaan sebagai bangsa Het atau Nesya lebih sesuai, supaya dapat dibezakan dengan bangsa Hati/Hatti/Hat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penemuan">Penemuan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Penemuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penemuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fail:Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg/220px-Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg/330px-Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg/440px-Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations025_kopie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption>Salah satu daripada pelbagai lambang panji gangsa Alaca Höyük dari sebuah makam pra-Het ditarikh berasal dari alaf ke-3 SM, kini di Muzium Ketamadunan Anatolia, <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latar_belakang_Alkitab">Latar belakang Alkitab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Latar belakang Alkitab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Latar belakang Alkitab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebelum penemuan peradaban Het dalam bidang arkeologi, satu-satunya sumber maklumat tentang kaum Het datang daripada <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Lama" title="Perjanjian Lama"><i>Perjanjian Lama</i></a>. Francis William Newman memberi pandangan kritisnya, bahawa, "tiada satu pun raja Het dapat menandingi kuasa Raja Yudah...".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apabila kajian lanjut dilakukan pada separuh akhir abad ke-19, kerajaan Het ternyata adalah lebih besar. Archibald Sayce menyatakan bahawa, daripada dibandingkan dengan Yudah, Negeri Besi itu "layak dibandingkan dengan Kerajaan Mesir yang berbahagi", dan "tidak terpermanai berkuasanya berbanding Yudah."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sayce dan cendekiawan-cendekiawan lain juga menyatakan bahawa kerajaan Yudah dan Het bukan seteru kepada satu sama lain dalam nas-nas agama <a href="/wiki/Agama_Yahudi" title="Agama Yahudi">Yahudi</a>; dalam <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Raja-raja" title="Kitab Raja-raja">Kitab Raja-raja</a>, kerajaan Het membekalkan Bani Israel dengan kayu pokok araz, rata, dan kuda, manakala dalam <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Kejadian" title="Kitab Kejadian">Kitab Kejadian</a> mereka ialah rakan dan sekutu kepada Abraham. Uria si Het ialah seorang hulubalang dalam tentera Raja Daud dan dipanggil salah seorang daripada askar-askar terkemukanya dalam 1 Tawarikh 11.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penemuan_awal">Penemuan awal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Penemuan awal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penemuan awal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlacaStandarte_Hirsch&Stiere.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fail:AlacaStandarte_Hirsch%26Stiere.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/AlacaStandarte_Hirsch%26Stiere.jpg/220px-AlacaStandarte_Hirsch%26Stiere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/AlacaStandarte_Hirsch%26Stiere.jpg/330px-AlacaStandarte_Hirsch%26Stiere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/AlacaStandarte_Hirsch%26Stiere.jpg/440px-AlacaStandarte_Hirsch%26Stiere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4715" data-file-height="3223" /></a><figcaption>Seni patung haiwan gangsa di Muzium Ketamadunan Anatolia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Charles Texier, seorang cendekiawan Perancis, menemui puing-puing Het pada tahun 1834 tetapi tidak mengenal pastinya sebagai Het pada waktu itu.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bukti arkeologi pertama kewujudan kerajaan Het datang daripada batu bersurat yang ditemui di karum (stesen perdagangan negeri Asyur) kota Kanesy (kini dinamai <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BCltepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kültepe (laman tidak wujud)">Kültepe</a>), yang mengandungi rekod perdagangan antara para saudagar Asyur dan sebuah "negeri <i>Hatti</i>". Beberapa nama dalam batu bersurat bukan dalam bahasa Hat ataupun Asyur, tetapi jelas sekali ada kaitan dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indo-Eropah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Indo-Eropah">bahasa Indo-Eropah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aksara pada sebuah tugu di <a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazkale" title="Boğazkale">Boğazkale</a> oleh satu "Orang Hattusa" ditemui oleh William Wright pada tahun 1884 dan mirip sejenis aksara hieroglif dari <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hama,_Syria" title="Hama, Syria">Hama</a> di Utara <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Pada tahun 1887, ekskavasi di Amarna, Mesir terjumpa utusan diplomatik dari Firaun <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a> dan putera baginda, <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>. Dua daripada surat-suratnya datang dari "kerajaan Kheta" - yang terletak di kawasan sama yang negeri Mesopotamia panggil "negeri Hatti" - yang ditulis dalam tulisan pepaku Akkadia baku, namun dalam bahasa yang tidak diketahui; walaupun para ilmuan dapat tafsirkan bagaimana bunyi surat itu, tiada siapa dapat faham maknanya. Tidak berapa lama kemudian, Sayce mengusulkan bahawa <i>Hatti</i> atau <i>Khatti</i> di Anatolia serupa dengan "kerajaan Kheta" yang disebut dalam teks-teks Mesir, serta bani Het dalam Alkitab. Ada pula yang, contohnya Max Müller, setuju <i>Khatti</i> mungkin sama dengan <i>Kheta</i>, tetapi sebaliknya mengusulkan hubungannya dengan kerajaan Kitim daripada Alkitab (Daniel 11:30) dan bukan kerajaan Het. Pengecaman Sayce diterima secara meluas menjelang awal abad ke-20, dan nama "Hit" telah dihubungkaitkan dengan tamadun yang ditemui di Boğazköy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_petikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Sumber petikan"><span title="Dakwaan ini memerlukan rujukan kepada sumber sahih.">perlu rujukan</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sphinx_Gate,_Hattusa_01.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fail:Sphinx_Gate,_Hattusa_01.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sphinx_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg/220px-Sphinx_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sphinx_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg/330px-Sphinx_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sphinx_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg/440px-Sphinx_Gate%2C_Hattusa_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Gerbang Sfinks di Hattusa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sekali-sekala ekskavasi diadakan di Boğazköy (Hattusa), bermula pada tahun 1906. Ahli arkeologi Hugo Winckler terjumpa sebuah arkib diraja dengan 10 000 batu bersurat, ditulis dalam tulisan pepaku Akkadia dan juga bahasa yang tidak diketahui dalam surat-surat Mesir dari Kheta - maka identiti kedua-dua nama Kheta dan Het akhirnya disahkan. Beliau juga membuktikan bahawa puing-puing di Boğazköy merupakan peninggalan ibu negeri kerajaan yang pernah pada suatu masa mengawal utara Syria. </p><p>Di bawah kelolaan Institut Arkeologi Jerman, ekskavasi di Hattusa berlangsung sejak 1907, dan hanya tergendala semasa perang-perang dunia. Kültepe berjaya digali oleh Profesor Tahsin Özgüç dari 1948 hingga beliau meninggal pada 2005. Ekskavasi skala kecil juga dilaksanakan di sekeliling Hattusa, termasuklah tempat suci Yazılıkaya, yang penuh dengan ukiran batu timbul menggambarkan pemerintah-pemerintah Het dan dewata sembahan bangsa mereka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tulisan">Tulisan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Tulisan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tulisan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orang Het menggunakan satu aneka tulisan pepaku yang dipanggil tulisan pepaku Het. Kembara arkeologi ke Hattusa telah menemui berbagai set penuh arkib diraja dengan tulisan bersurat, yang ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Akkadia" title="Bahasa Akkadia">bahasa Akkadia</a>, bahasa pengantara dan diplomatik ketika itu, ataupun dalam pelbagai loghat lain dalam kerajaan gabungan Het.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muzium">Muzium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Muzium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Muzium"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fail:20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg/220px-20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg/330px-20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg/440px-20141231_155331Ancient_Jewelry-Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Barang kemas dari Muzium Ketamadunan Anatolia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Muzium Ketamadunan Anatolia di <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> kaya dengan koleksi artifak bangsa Het dan Anatolia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/Fail:Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg/220px-Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg/330px-Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg/440px-Museum_of_Anatolian_Civilizations052_kopie1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption>Bejana upacara berbentuk kerbau suci, dinamai <i>Hurri</i> (Siang) dan <i>Seri</i> (Malam) ditemui di Hattusa, Kerajaan Lama Het (abad ke-16 SM) Muzium Ketamadunan Anatolia, <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kerajaan Het berpusat di tanah sekeliling Hattusa dan Nesya (Kültepe), dipanggil "tanah Hatti (<sup>URU</sup><i><span class="Unicode">Ha-at-ti</span></i>). Selepas Hattusa dijadikan ibu negeri, kawasan di lingkungan liku Sungai Kızılırmak (bahasa Het: Marasyantia) dianggap sebagai pusat negeri, dan beberapa undang-undang Het membuat batasan antara "belah sungai yang ini" dan "belah sungai yang itu". Contohnya, ganjaran penangkapan seorang hamba abdi yang lari melepasi sungai itu lebih tinggi daripada jika dia ditangkap sebelum itu. </p><p>Di barat dan selatan dari pusat wilayah ialah sebuah kawasan yang dikenali sebagai Luwia dalam teks-teks Het awal. Panggilan ini digantikan dengan nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arzawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arzawa (laman tidak wujud)">Arzawa</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kizzuwatna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kizzuwatna (laman tidak wujud)">Kizzuwatna</a> apabila kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut muncul.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apapun, orang Het tetap menggelar bahasa yang datang dari kawasan mereka sebagai bahasa Luwia. Sebelum kebangkitan Kizzuwatna, jantung wilayah tersebut di Kilikia dipanggil oleh orang Het sebagai <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apabila ia memberontak dari kerajaan Het semasa zaman pemerintahan Ammuna,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nama Kizzuwatna ditadbirkan dan berkembang ke utara, merangkum Pergunungan Anti-Taurus bawah juga. Di utara tinggalnya orang pergunungan dipanggil orang Kaska. Di tenggara kerajaan Het ialah Empayar Mitanni milik bangsa Hurri. Pada zaman kemuncak, semasa Mursyili II memerintah, empayar Het berkembang dan mengilhak Arzawa di barat, Mitanni di timur, banyak wilayah Kaska di utara serta Hayasya-Azzi di timur laut jauh, dan selatan <a href="/wiki/Kanaan" title="Kanaan">Kanaan</a> sehingga sejauh sempadan selatan <a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asal-usul">Asal-usul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Asal-usul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Asal-usul"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IE_expansion.png"><img resource="/wiki/Fail:IE_expansion.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/IE_expansion.png/300px-IE_expansion.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/IE_expansion.png 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>Peta penghijrahan orang Indo-Eropah dari <abbr title="Sekitar">s.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 4000</span> ke 1000 SM menurut model Kurgan. Penghijrahan Anatolia mungkin berlaku merentas Balkans. Kawasan merah dadu ialah tanah asal dugaan (<i>Urheimat,</i> budaya Samara, budaya Sredny Stog). Merah merona ialah kawasan yang diduga telah didiami oleh orang Indo-Eropah menjelang <abbr title="Sekitar">s.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500 SM</span>, dan jingga kesumba menjelang 1000 SM.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kaum Het dijangkan datang ke Anatolia setidaknya sebelum 2000 SM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leidenuniv.nl/en/researcharchive/index.php3-c=178.htm">"2006-05-02 Hittite"</a>. 7 Julai 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203061604/http://www.leidenuniv.nl/en/researcharchive/index.php3-c=178.htm">Diarkib</a> dari asal pada 3 Februari 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ardzinba, Vladislav. (1974): Some Notes on the Typological Affinity Between Hattian and Northwest Caucasian (Abkhazo-Adygian) Languages. Dalam: "Internationale Tagung der Keilschriftforscher der sozialistischen Länder", Budapest, 23.-25. April 1974. Zusammenfassung der Vorträge (Assyriologica 1), m/s 10-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/cultures/middle_east/hittites.aspx">Hittites</a>". <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" class="extiw" title="en:British Museum">British Museum</a></i>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" class="extiw" title="en:London">London</a>: Pemegang amanah Muzium British. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141107205200/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/cultures/middle_east/hittites.aspx">Diarkib</a> daripada yang asal pada 7 November 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muhly, James D. 'Metalworking/Mining in the Levant' in Near Eastern Archaeology ed. Suzanne Richard (2003), m/s 174–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waldbaum, Jane C. <i>From Bronze to Iron</i>. Göteburg: Paul Astöms Förlag (1978): 56–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Irons of the Bronze Age'(2017), Albert Jambon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ancient History Encyclopedia</i>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancient.eu/Sea_Peoples/">Sea Peoples</a>." September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618203237/https://www.ancient.eu/Sea_Peoples/">Diarkib</a> dari asal pada 18 Jun 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Erimtan, Can. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20455417">Hittites, Ottomans and Turks: Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey and the Kemalist Construction of Turkish Nationhood in Anatolia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180922104515/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20455417">Diarkib</a> pada 22 September 2018, Anatolian Studies, 58, 141–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hittite. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/hittite">Etymonline.com</a></i>. Dicapai 2 April 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hittite. (2020, Mac 18). <i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Hittite&oldid=58922047">Wiktionary, The Free Dictionary</a></i>. Dicapai 22:14, April 2, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newman, F. W. (1853) <i>A history of the Hebrew monarchy: from the administration of Samuel to the Babylonish Captivity</i>. Edisi ke-2. John Chapman, London P 179 nota 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sayce, A. H. (1888) "Introduction", <i>The Hittites: The Story of a Forgotten Empire.</i> Oxford: Queen's College.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Taw. 11:10–47 [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bible.com/ms/bible/402/1CH.11.BM">Alkitab Berita Baik</a>]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Texier, Charles (1835). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036636960;view=1up;seq=372">"Rapport lu, le 15 mai 1835, à l'Académie royale des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres de l'Institut, sur un envoi fait par M. Texier, et contenant les dessins de bas-reliefs découverts par lui près du village de Bogaz-Keui, dans l'Asie mineure"</a> [Laporan 15 Mei 1835 kepada Akademi Inskripsi dan Susastera Diraja di Institut, berkenaan laporan En. Texier dan mengandungi lakaran ukiran-ukiran timbul yang ditemui oleh beliau berdekatan kampung Bogaz-Keui [kini: Boğazkale] di Asia Kecil]. <i>Journal des Savants</i> (dalam bahasa Perancis): 368–376. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428022424/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015036636960;view=1up;seq=372">Diarkib</a> dari asal pada 28 April 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kloekhorst, Alwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9794131">"Personal names from Kaniš: the oldest Indo-European linguistic material"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Hittite Empire</i>. Bab V. Vahan Kurkjian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Short Grammar of Hieroglyphic Luwian</i>, John Marangozis (2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beal, Richard H, "The History of Kizzuwatna and the Date of the Šunaššura Treaty", <i>Orientalia</i> 55 (1986) pp. 424ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beal (1986) m/s 426.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5773711">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekrem_Akurgal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekrem Akurgal (laman tidak wujud)">Akurgal, Ekrem</a> - The Hattian and Hittite Civilizations; Publications of the Republic of Turkey; Ministry of Culture; 2001; 300 pages; <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9751727561" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 975-17-2756-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trevor_R._Bryce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trevor R. Bryce (laman tidak wujud)">Trevor R. Bryce</a>, "Life and Society in the Hittite World," Oxford (2002).</li> <li>Trevor R. Bryce, <i>The Kingdom of the Hittites,</i> Oxford (1999).</li> <li>C. W. Ceram, <i>The Secret of the Hittites: The Discovery of an Ancient Empire</i>. Phoenix Press (2001), <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/1842122959" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84212-295-9</a>.</li> <li>Hans Gustav Güterbock, <i>Hittite Historiography: A Survey,</i> in H. Tadmor and M. Weinfeld eds. <i>History, Historiography and Interpretation: Studies in Biblical and Cuneiform Literatures</i>, Magnes Press, Hebrew University (1983) pp. 21–35.</li> <li>J. G. Macqueen, <i>The Hittites, and Their Contemporaries in Asia Minor</i>, revised and enlarged, Ancient Peoples and Places series (ed. G. Daniel), Thames and Hudson (1986), <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0500021082" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-500-02108-2</a>.</li> <li>George E. Mendenhall, <i>The Tenth Generation: The Origins of the Biblical Tradition</i>, The Johns Hopkins University Press (1973), <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0801816548" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8018-1654-8</a>.</li> <li>Erich Neu, <i>Der Anitta Text</i>, <i>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=StBoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="StBoT (laman tidak wujud)">StBoT</a> 18)</i>, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden (1974).</li> <li>Louis L. Orlin, <i>Assyrian Colonies in Cappadocia</i>, Mouton, The Hague (1970).</li> <li><i>The Hittites and Hurrians</i> in D. J. Wiseman <i>Peoples of the Old Testament Times</i>, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1973).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Gurney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oliver Gurney (laman tidak wujud)">O.R. Gurney</a>, <i>The Hittites,</i> Penguin (1952), <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0140202595" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-14-020259-5</a></li> <li>Kloekhorst, Alwin (2007), <i>Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon,</i> ISBN 90-04-16092-2O</li> <li>Patri, Sylvain (2007), <i>L'alignement syntaxique dans les langues indo-européennes d'Anatolie</i>, <i>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=StBoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="StBoT (laman tidak wujud)">StBoT</a> 49)</i>, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/9783447056120" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-447-05612-0</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>J. Freu et M. Mazoyer,</li></ul> <p>Des origines à la fin de l'ancien royaume hittite, Les Hittites et leur histoire 1, Paris, 2007 ; Les débuts du nouvel empire hittite, Les Hittites et leur histoire 2, Paris, 2007 ; L'apogée du nouvel empire hittite, Les Hittites et leur histoire 3, Paris, 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Het&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hittite_Empire?uselang=ms">Het</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oi.uchicago.edu/getinvolved/member/events/20100407_hittitefrontiers.html">Video lecture at Oriental Institute - Tracking the Frontiers of the Hittite Empire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitturkeynow.com/cities/c_hattusas.htm">Hattusas/Bogazköy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mesas.emory.edu/hittitehome/">The Hittite Home Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091115061021/http://www.mesas.emory.edu/hittitehome/">Diarkibkan</a> 2009-11-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.sbcglobal.net/zimriel/amc/arzawa.html">Arzawa, to the west, throws light on Hittites</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/bogazkale">Pictures of Boğazköy, one of a group of important sites</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/yazilikaya">Pictures of Yazılıkaya, one of a group of important sites</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/idg/anat/hethbs.htm">Der Anitta Text (at TITUS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article330433.ece">Tahsin Ozguc</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301053227/http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/article330433.ece">Diarkibkan</a> 2007-03-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hittites.info">Hittites.info</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientanatolia.com/historical/hittite_period.html">Hittite Period in Anatolia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hethiter.net/">Hethitologieportal Mainz, by the Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mainz, corpus of texts and extensive bibliographies on all things Hittite</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kerajaan-kerajaan_purba_di_Anatolia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6453376">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ancient_kingdoms_in_Anatolia" title="Templat:Ancient kingdoms in Anatolia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Ancient_kingdoms_in_Anatolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Ancient kingdoms in Anatolia (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ancient_kingdoms_in_Anatolia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kerajaan-kerajaan_purba_di_Anatolia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan-kerajaan_purba_di_Anatolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan-kerajaan purba di Anatolia (laman tidak wujud)">Kerajaan-kerajaan purba di Anatolia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sebelum penaklukan <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Hakhamaniyah" title="Empayar Hakhamaniyah">kerajaan Hakhamaniyah</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=546_SM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="546 SM (laman tidak wujud)">546 SM</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hattians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hattians (laman tidak wujud)">Hatti</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Hittite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittite">Hittite</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaskians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaskians (laman tidak wujud)">Gasgas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Hayasa-Azzi" title="Hayasa-Azzi">Hayasa-Azzi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arzawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arzawa (laman tidak wujud)">Arzawa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kizzuwatna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kizzuwatna (laman tidak wujud)">Kizzuwatna</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miletus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miletus (laman tidak wujud)">Miletus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah_Lukka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanah Lukka (laman tidak wujud)">Lukka</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assuwa_league&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assuwa league (laman tidak wujud)">Assuwa league</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negeri-negeri_Syro-Hittite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negeri-negeri Syro-Hittite (laman tidak wujud)">Neo-Hittites</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urartu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urartu (laman tidak wujud)">Urartu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selepas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembahagian_Babylon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembahagian Babylon (laman tidak wujud)">Pembahagian Babylon</a> (<a href="/wiki/323_SM" title="323 SM">323 SM</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Antigonid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Antigonid (laman tidak wujud)">Antigonids</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galatia (laman tidak wujud)">Galatia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerjaan_Pontus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerjaan Pontus (laman tidak wujud)">Pontus</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commagene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commagene (laman tidak wujud)">Commagene</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Het&oldid=6332626">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Het&oldid=6332626</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Hittite" title="Kategori:Hittite">Hittite</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Orang_kuno" title="Kategori:Orang kuno">Orang kuno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_Syria" title="Kategori:Sejarah Syria">Sejarah Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_Turki" title="Kategori:Sejarah Turki">Sejarah Turki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Orang_Indo-Eropah" title="Kategori:Orang Indo-Eropah">Orang Indo-Eropah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mediterranean" title="Kategori:Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_Mediterranean" title="Kategori:Sejarah Mediterranean">Sejarah Mediterranean</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_menggunakan_kotak_info_negara_atau_kotak_info_bekas_negara_dengan_parameter_symbol_caption_atau_type" title="Kategori:Halaman menggunakan kotak info negara atau kotak info bekas negara dengan parameter symbol caption atau type">Halaman menggunakan kotak info negara atau kotak info bekas negara dengan parameter symbol caption atau type</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_dengan_kenyataan_tidak_bersumber" title="Kategori:Semua rencana dengan kenyataan tidak bersumber">Semua rencana dengan kenyataan tidak bersumber</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pautan_wayback_templat_webarchive" title="Kategori:Pautan wayback templat webarchive">Pautan wayback templat webarchive</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Laman_menggunakan_pautan_ajaib_ISBN" title="Kategori:Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib ISBN">Laman menggunakan pautan ajaib ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 01:03, 5 Oktober 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Dasar privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Perihal Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Het&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Het</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>90 bahasa</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Tambah topik</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-77d76c48d9-7m7jj","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.382","walltime":"0.505","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3320,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":40596,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3802,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":17327,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 417.471 1 -total"," 58.42% 243.884 3 Templat:Infobox"," 56.71% 236.759 1 Templat:Infobox_Former_Country"," 14.38% 60.033 1 Templat:ISO_3166_code"," 12.76% 53.260 1 Templat:Citation_needed"," 11.56% 48.265 1 Templat:Ancient_kingdoms_in_Anatolia"," 10.86% 45.349 1 Templat:Fix"," 9.15% 38.192 2 Templat:Infobox_country/multirow"," 8.25% 34.437 2 Templat:Category_handler"," 6.70% 27.951 1 Templat:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.169","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2829945,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7dcdc76d8-99b46","timestamp":"20250315185717","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Het","url":"https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Het","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5406","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5406","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Yayasan Wikimedia Bhd.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-09-18T08:12:29Z","dateModified":"2024-10-05T01:03:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2f\/Hittite_Kingdom.png"}</script> </body> </html>