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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hamilton_Harbour&params=43.2900_N_79.8350_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°17′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°50′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.2900°N 79.8350°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.2900; -79.8350</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bay in western Lake Ontario, Ontario, Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the harbour in Bermuda, see <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Harbour,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda">Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda</a>.</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hamilton_Harbour&params=43.2900_N_79.8350_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°17′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">79°50′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.2900°N 79.8350°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.2900; -79.8350</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hamilton_Harbour_to_Burlington_Skyway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hamilton_Harbour_to_Burlington_Skyway.jpg/250px-Hamilton_Harbour_to_Burlington_Skyway.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hamilton_Harbour_to_Burlington_Skyway.jpg/375px-Hamilton_Harbour_to_Burlington_Skyway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Hamilton_Harbour_to_Burlington_Skyway.jpg/500px-Hamilton_Harbour_to_Burlington_Skyway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Bay_James_N._Allan_Skyway" title="Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway">Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway</a> bridges the waters of Hamilton Harbour.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hamilton Harbour</b> (formerly known as <b>Burlington Bay</b>) lies on the western tip of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a>, bounded on the northwest by the City of <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">Burlington</a>, on the south by the City of <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>, and on the east by Hamilton Beach (south of the <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Bay_James_N._Allan_Skyway" title="Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway">Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway</a>) and Burlington Beach (north of the channel). It is joined to <a href="/wiki/Cootes_Paradise" title="Cootes Paradise">Cootes Paradise</a> by a narrow channel formerly excavated for the <a href="/wiki/Desjardins_Canal" title="Desjardins Canal">Desjardins Canal</a>. Within Hamilton itself, it is referred to as "Hamilton Harbour", "The Harbour" and "The Bay". The bay is naturally separated from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Sand_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bar">sand bar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HAMNAMES_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAMNAMES-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening in the north end was filled in and channel cut in the middle for ships to pass. The <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Port_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Port Authority">Port of Hamilton</a> is on the Hamilton side of the harbour. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Harbour&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hamilton Harbour was known among the <a href="/wiki/Mississaugas" title="Mississaugas">Mississauga Anishinaabek</a> as <i>Wiikwedong</i> simply meaning "at the Bay". </p><p>Early Settlers to the area called the bay Lake Geneva.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bay was formally renamed Burlington Bay in 1792 by <a href="/wiki/John_Graves_Simcoe" title="John Graves Simcoe">John Graves Simcoe</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_of_Upper_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor of Upper Canada">lieutenant governor of Upper Canada</a>, for the former name of the town of <a href="/wiki/Bridlington" title="Bridlington">Bridlington</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, the bay was also known as <i>Washquarter</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notably as a landmark to delineate the extent of the Between the Lakes Treaty No. 3<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> negotiated between Simcoe and the <a href="/wiki/Mississaugas_of_the_Credit_First_Nation" title="Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation">Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation</a> in 1792.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Access to the bay was important for the early water transportation and industrial development of the area, including <a href="/wiki/Dundas,_Ontario" title="Dundas, Ontario">Dundas, Ontario</a>, which had an early but ultimately unrealized lead over both Burlington (Brant's Block) and Hamilton. Over the years, the bay was roughly treated by its <a href="/wiki/Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral">littoral</a> residents. Constant infilling, particularly in the North End of Hamilton, damaged fresh water streams and the wildlife they supported. Channel dredging tended to stir up natural and unnatural sediments, further disrupting the ecological land balance in the area. Chemical, industrial and thermal <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>, especially as a byproduct of the burgeoning steel industry after the 1890s, continued to degrade the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-weinberg_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weinberg-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The waterways in Hamilton have not always been polluted. The north-end of the Harbour used to be a regular swimming spot for working-class families.<sup id="cite_ref-MacDowell,_Laurel_Sefton_2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDowell,_Laurel_Sefton_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pollution of Hamilton Harbour waterways is caused by industrialization and, by proxy, urbanization, which came to be a major problem by 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-MacDowell,_Laurel_Sefton_2012_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDowell,_Laurel_Sefton_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many working-class families were overcome by health hazards when dumping sewage into the inlets and the bay itself became a regular occurrence.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laurel Sefton MacDowell writes in her book <i>An Environmental History of Canada</i> that, "As early as the 1860s, a fishery inspector at Hamilton Harbour discovered that fish found along the shore tasted of coal oil and that dead ducks and muskrats were coated with oil from two refineries.<sup id="cite_ref-MacDowell,_Laurel_Sefton_2012_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDowell,_Laurel_Sefton_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" By the 1950s, city officials had deemed Hamilton Harbour unfit for any recreation use and shut down all beaches. </p><p>In 1919, a Federal Order-In-Council changed the name of <i>Burlington Bay</i> to <i>Hamilton Harbour</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-HAMNAMES_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAMNAMES-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/International_Joint_Commission" title="International Joint Commission">International Joint Commission</a>, which governs water usage in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin" title="Great Lakes Basin">Great Lakes Basin</a>, and other agencies began to recognize the need for action. Greater water quality awareness, improved pollution controls, and an economic downturn all served to improve conditions in the 1980s. In the 1990s, beautification and ecological control were well underway. These measures included sealing the Lax Lands, contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants, under a cap of clay; landscaping <a href="/wiki/Bayfront_Park_(Hamilton,_Ontario)" title="Bayfront Park (Hamilton, Ontario)">Bayfront Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pier_4_Park_(Hamilton,_Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pier 4 Park (Hamilton, Ontario)">Pier 4 Park</a>; and keeping <a href="/wiki/Common_carp#In_North_America" title="Common carp">common carp</a> from entering Cootes Paradise. The visible and measurable improvement in water quality in Burlington Bay was showcased in 1994 by the very public swim of <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Copps" title="Sheila Copps">Sheila Copps</a>, a local <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament#Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> and federal <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet minister">cabinet minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Access and recreational use of the bayfront has improved, and swimming is now allowed at two beaches in the harbour: Bayfront and Pier 4.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hamilton Harbour is listed as a <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Areas_of_Concern" title="Great Lakes Areas of Concern">Great Lakes Areas of Concern</a> in The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the remediation plan is to reclaim the harbour's wetlands.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While most of the carp in the harbour had been eradicated by early 2021, <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a> reported that numerous goldfish had been found, presumed to have come from the dumping of pet fish by the public. One expert stated that the goldfish "is the ultimate survivor of difficult conditions ... it can feed on blue-green algae blooms that native species cannot—blooms that appear with increasing frequency in Hamilton Harbour".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Randle_Reef">Randle Reef</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Harbour&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Randle Reef"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Randle Reef, a site in the southeast corner of the harbour, is considered the most dire of identified water pollution issues awaiting remediation in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The environmental containment facility, about 7.5 hectares in size, covers in-situ about 130,000 m<sup>3</sup> of sediments contaminated with <a href="/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon" title="Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</a>, and contain about 500,000 m<sup>3</sup> of <a href="/wiki/Dredged" class="mw-redirect" title="Dredged">dredged</a> PAH contaminated sediments. The containment facility was constructed in 2018 using two walls of steel <a href="/wiki/Sheet_piling" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheet piling">sheet piling</a>. Later in 2018, contaminated sediment surrounding the containment facility was dredged and placed inside the facility. The wastewater will be treated by an on-site water treatment system using sand filtration and <a href="/wiki/Activated_carbon#Granular_activated_carbon" title="Activated carbon">granular activated adsorption</a> and discharged back into the harbour. Last, an <a href="/wiki/In_situ_capping_of_subaqueous_waste" title="In situ capping of subaqueous waste">environmental cap</a> will be built of layers of several materials including <a href="/wiki/Construction_aggregate" title="Construction aggregate">aggregates</a> of various sizes, <a href="/wiki/Geotextile" title="Geotextile">geotextile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geogrid" title="Geogrid">geogrid</a>, wickdrains, and surface materials (asphalt and/or concrete), placed sequentially from bottom to top in order to contain toxic sediment in the facility.<sup id="cite_ref-report_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clean-up project had an estimated cost of $138.9 million, with the containment expected to have a 200-year lifespan.<sup id="cite_ref-report_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment and Climate Change Canada</a>, and the Ontario <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Environment_and_Climate_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change">Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change</a>, each committed $46.3 million, with the final third of funding coming from the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">City of Hamilton</a> ($14 million), the <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Ontario" title="Burlington, Ontario">City of Burlington</a> ($2.3 million), <a href="/wiki/Halton_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Halton Region">Halton Region</a> ($2 million), the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Port_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Port Authority">Hamilton Port Authority</a> ($14 million), and <a href="/wiki/Stelco" title="Stelco">Stelco</a> ($14 million).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 9, 2022, Environment and Climate Change Canada announced the completion of the clean-up project where over 615,000 m<sup>3</sup> of contaminated sediment was managed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final stage of the project, the installation of the environmental cap, will be completed by 2025, which will provide new port land that will be managed by the Hamilton–Oshawa Port Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burlington_Shipping_Canal">Burlington Shipping Canal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Harbour&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Burlington Shipping Canal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The opening from Hamilton Harbour to Lake Ontario is referred to as the Burlington Shipping Canal. It was proposed in 1824<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opened in 1826.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Canal_Lift_Bridge" title="Burlington Canal Lift Bridge">Burlington Canal Lift Bridge</a> is a lift bridge the spans over the canal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Harbour&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bay today is crossed by two highways: <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_403" title="Ontario Highway 403">403</a> & <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Way" title="Queen Elizabeth Way">Queen Elizabeth Way</a> (QEW). The <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Bay_James_N._Allan_Skyway" title="Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway">Burlington Bay James N. Allan Skyway</a> (nicknamed "The Skyway") bridge, part of the QEW, crosses the border between Hamilton Harbour and Lake Ontario. The 403, York Street and a number of railways cross Hamilton Harbour on a glacial sandbar (similar in formation to the present day beach strip to the east) and separates Cootes Paradise from Hamilton Harbour. The harbour also houses the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton-Oshawa_Port_Authority" title="Hamilton-Oshawa Port Authority">Port of Hamilton</a> which is the busiest Canadian Great Lakes port and handles in excess of 10 million tonnes of cargo per year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legend">Legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Harbour&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bay is thought by some to host a North American <a href="/wiki/Cryptid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptid">cryptid</a>, described by witnesses as a large snake-like creature.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A diver drowned in the bay during the filming of a low-budget horror film titled <i>Marina Monster</i> on August 21, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Harbour&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HAMNAMES-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HAMNAMES_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HAMNAMES_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoughton2002" class="citation book cs1">Houghton, Margaret (2002). <i>Hamilton Street Names: An Illustrated Guide</i>. James Lorimer & Co. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55028-773-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55028-773-7"><bdi>1-55028-773-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamilton+Street+Names%3A+An+Illustrated+Guide&rft.pub=James+Lorimer+%26+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-55028-773-7&rft.aulast=Houghton&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guelphmercury.com/community-story/7389145--lake-geneva-is-what-early-visitors-called-hamilton-harbour/">"Lake Geneva is what early visitors called Hamilton Harbour"</a>. <i>Hamilton Spectator</i>. 23 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814052726/https://www.guelphmercury.com/community-story/7389145--lake-geneva-is-what-early-visitors-called-hamilton-harbour/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hamilton+Spectator&rft.atitle=Lake+Geneva+is+what+early+visitors+called+Hamilton+Harbour&rft.date=2017-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guelphmercury.com%2Fcommunity-story%2F7389145--lake-geneva-is-what-early-visitors-called-hamilton-harbour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayburn, Alan <i>Place Names of Ontario</i> (University of Toronto Press), Toronto-Buffalo-London,1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-7207-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-7207-0">0-8020-7207-0</a>), pg.48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden,_Mary_Rose1898" class="citation web cs1">Holden, Mary Rose (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/handle/1974/9326/burlingtonbaybea00hold.pdf?sequence=1">"Burlington Bay, Beach and Heights, in History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Queens University Library</i>. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031215/https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/handle/1974/9326/burlingtonbaybea00hold.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queens+University+Library&rft.atitle=Burlington+Bay%2C+Beach+and+Heights%2C+in+History&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1898&rft.au=Holden%2C+Mary+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqspace.library.queensu.ca%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1974%2F9326%2Fburlingtonbaybea00hold.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mncfn.ca/treaty3/">"Between the Lakes Treaty No. 3 (1792)"</a>. 28 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210043018/http://mncfn.ca/treaty3/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Between+the+Lakes+Treaty+No.+3+%281792%29&rft.date=2017-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmncfn.ca%2Ftreaty3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1370372222012#ucls5">"Text of the Between the Lakes purchase"</a>. <i>Treaty Texts - Upper Canada Land Surrenders</i>. 1792. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921211820/https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1370372152585/1370372222012">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treaty+Texts+-+Upper+Canada+Land+Surrenders&rft.atitle=Text+of+the+Between+the+Lakes+purchase.&rft.date=1792&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca%2Feng%2F1370372152585%2F1370372222012%23ucls5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weinberg-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weinberg_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinberg2017" class="citation journal cs1">Weinberg, Paul (Dec 2017). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>. <q>Fish that were dispersed over all of Cootes Paradise were suddenly in this tight ball, the kind of thing you'd imagine in the ocean.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=The+goldfish+invasion+of+Hamilton+Harbour&rft.date=2021-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fsociety%2Fenvironment%2Fthe-goldfish-invasion-in-hamilton-harbour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=fc8ad403-2a7b-443f-a4b7-8c8e22006bda">"At Last, Clean Water, National Post, November 13, 2007"</a>. <i>nationalpost.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Burlington+Canal+Lift+Bridge+-+Ontario+Region+-+PSPC&rft.aulast=Communications&rft.aufirst=Government+of+Canada%2C+Public+Services+and+Procurement+Canada%2C+Ontario+Region%2C+Corporate+Services%2C+Strategic+Management+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca%2Fontario%2Fburlington-eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/21252/data">"Daily News (Kingston, ON), Aug. 17, 1877"</a>. <i>images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032045/http://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/21252/data">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca&rft.atitle=Daily+News+%28Kingston%2C+ON%29%2C+Aug.+17%2C+1877&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca%2F21252%2Fdata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/diver-drowns-on-low-budget-film-shoot-in-hamilton-harbour-1.540960">"Diver Drowns on Low-Budget Film Shoot in Hamilton Harbour, CBC News, August 22, 2005"</a>. <i>cbc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080107192307/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/08/22/Hamilton_diver_drowns20050822.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbc.ca&rft.atitle=Diver+Drowns+on+Low-Budget+Film+Shoot+in+Hamilton+Harbour%2C+CBC+News%2C+August+22%2C+2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fdiver-drowns-on-low-budget-film-shoot-in-hamilton-harbour-1.540960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamilton+Harbour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Harbour&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/documents/Brookes/">Hamilton Harbour (1826-1901), by Ivan S. Brookes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ontario/burlington-eng.html">Burlington Canal Lift Bridge</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100703110118/http://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ontario/burlington-eng.html">Archived</a> 2010-07-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randlereef.ca/">Randle Reef</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Hamilton,_Ontario" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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Ontario"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hamilton, Ontario"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Hamilton,_Ontario" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hamilton.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Hamilton.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hamilton.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Hamilton.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hamilton.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Hamilton.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hamilton.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Flag of Hamilton, Ontario">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of people from Hamilton, Ontario">Notable Hamiltonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="History of Hamilton, Ontario">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_British_Empire_Games" title="1930 British Empire Games">1930 British Empire Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auchmar_(Hamilton,_Ontario)" title="Auchmar (Hamilton, Ontario)">Auchmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Hamilton" title="Bank of Hamilton">Bank of Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_House_(Stoney_Creek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battlefield House (Stoney Creek)">Battlefield House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoney_Creek" title="Battle of Stoney Creek">Battle of Stoney Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundurn_Castle" title="Dundurn Castle">Dundurn Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamilton_(city_founder)" title="George Hamilton (city founder)">George Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Canada_in_the_Province_of_Ontario" title="Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario">Grand Lodge of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tigers" title="Hamilton Tigers">Hamilton Tigers</a> (NHL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Haida" title="HMCS Haida">HMCS <i>Haida</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Hamilton, Ontario">List of National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_visits_to_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of royal visits to Hamilton, Ontario">List of royal visits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker_Canada" title="Studebaker Canada">Studebaker Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons" title="Tim Hortons">Tim Hortons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McQuesten" title="Thomas McQuesten">Thomas McQuesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Timeline of events in Hamilton, Ontario">Timeline of events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto,_Hamilton_and_Buffalo_Railway" title="Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway">Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Hamilton_(1809)" title="USS Hamilton (1809)">USS <i>Hamilton</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Scourge_(1812)" title="USS Scourge (1812)">USS <i>Scourge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehern" title="Whitehern">Whitehern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Geography of Hamilton, Ontario">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of waterfalls in Hamilton, Ontario">List of waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Trail" title="Bruce Trail">Bruce Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cootes_Paradise" title="Cootes Paradise">Cootes Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desjardins_Canal" title="Desjardins Canal">Desjardins Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area" title="Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area">Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamilton Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Escarpment" title="Niagara Escarpment">Niagara Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanical_Gardens_(Ontario)" title="Royal Botanical Gardens (Ontario)">Royal Botanical Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gorge/Webster%27s_Falls_Conservation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Spencer Gorge/Webster's Falls Conservation Area">Spencer Gorge/Webster's Falls Conservation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Mile_Creek_(Ontario)" title="Twenty Mile Creek (Ontario)">Twenty Mile Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainslie_Wood,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ainslie Wood, Ontario">Ainslie Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancaster,_Ontario" title="Ancaster, Ontario">Ancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beasley,_Hamilton" title="Beasley, Hamilton">Beasley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binbrook,_Ontario" title="Binbrook, Ontario">Binbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundas,_Ontario" title="Dundas, Ontario">Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamborough,_Ontario" title="Flamborough, Ontario">Flamborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanbrook,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Glanbrook, Ontario">Glanbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynden,_Ontario" title="Lynden, Ontario">Lynden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_End,_Hamilton" title="North End, Hamilton">North End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_Creek,_Ontario" title="Stoney Creek, Ontario">Stoney Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdale,_Hamilton" title="Westdale, Hamilton">Westdale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Economy of Hamilton, Ontario">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal" title="ArcelorMittal">Arcelor Mittal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dofasco" title="Dofasco">Dofasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Economic history of Hamilton, Ontario">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Film industry in Hamilton, Ontario">Film industry in Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Health_Sciences" title="Hamilton Health Sciences">Hamilton Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_head_offices_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of head offices in Hamilton, Ontario">Head offices in Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of tallest buildings in Hamilton, Ontario">List of tallest buildings in Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Steel" title="U.S. Steel">U.S. Steel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stelco" title="Stelco">Stelco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Politics of Hamilton, Ontario">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_City_Hall" title="Hamilton City Hall">Hamilton City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario_City_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton, Ontario City Council">Hamilton, Ontario City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of mayors of Hamilton, Ontario">List of Hamilton Mayors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Hamilton_EMS" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Hamilton EMS">City of Hamilton EMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Police_Service" title="Hamilton Police Service">Hamilton Police Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Health_Sciences" title="Hamilton Health Sciences">Hamilton Health Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chedoke_Hospital" title="Chedoke Hospital">Chedoke Hospital</a> (closed 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_General_Hospital" title="Hamilton General Hospital">Hamilton General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juravinski_Cancer_Centre" title="Juravinski Cancer Centre">Juravinski Cancer Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juravinski_Hospital" title="Juravinski Hospital">Juravinski Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMaster_Children%27s_Hospital" title="McMaster Children's Hospital">McMaster Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMaster_University_Medical_Centre" title="McMaster University Medical Centre">McMaster University Medical Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Hospital_(Hamilton)" title="St. Peter's Hospital (Hamilton)">St. Peter's Hospital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Health_System" title="St. Joseph's Health System">St. Joseph's Health System</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Healthcare_Hamilton" title="St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton">St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Public_Library_(Ontario)" title="Hamilton Public Library (Ontario)">Hamilton Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton-Wentworth_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board">Hamilton-Wentworth Catholic District School Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton-Wentworth_District_School_Board" title="Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board">Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillfield_Strathallan_College" title="Hillfield Strathallan College">Hillfield Strathallan College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_International_College" title="Columbia International College">Columbia International College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMaster_Divinity_College" title="McMaster Divinity College">McMaster Divinity College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMaster_University" title="McMaster University">McMaster University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_College" title="Mohawk College">Mohawk College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemer_University_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Redeemer University College">Redeemer University College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Culture of Hamilton, Ontario">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Lion_Safari" title="African Lion Safari">African Lion Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_Bay_Road_Race" title="Around the Bay Road Race">Around the Bay Road Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Hamilton" title="Art Gallery of Hamilton">Art Gallery of Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Football Hall of Fame">Canadian Football Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Warplane_Heritage_Museum" title="Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum">Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundas_Cactus_Festival" title="Dundas Cactus Festival">Dundas Cactus Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Bulldogs_(OHL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Bulldogs (OHL)">Hamilton Bulldogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Tiger-Cats" title="Hamilton Tiger-Cats">Hamilton Tiger-Cats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Day_Classic" title="Labour Day Classic">Labour Day Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attractions_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="List of attractions in Hamilton, Ontario">List of Attractions in Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Media in Hamilton, Ontario">Media in Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_Hamilton" title="Pride Hamilton">Pride Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Play_(1998_TV_series)" title="Power Play (1998 TV series)">Power Play (TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Sports in Hamilton, Ontario">Sports in Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercrawl" title="Supercrawl">Supercrawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of sports venues in Hamilton, Ontario">Sports venues in Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Heritage_Village" title="Westfield Heritage Village">Westfield Heritage Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Transportation in Hamilton, Ontario">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GO_Transit" title="GO Transit">GO Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_GO_Centre" title="Hamilton GO Centre">Hamilton GO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Harbour_GO_Station" title="West Harbour GO Station">West Harbour GO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_GO_Station" title="Confederation GO Station">Confederation GO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Street_Railway" title="Hamilton Street Railway">Hamilton Street Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLAST_network" title="BLAST network">BLAST network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_LRT" title="Hamilton LRT">Hamilton LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-Line_(Hamilton)" title="A-Line (Hamilton)">A-Line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Bike_Share" title="Hamilton Bike Share">Hamilton Bike Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Munro_Hamilton_International_Airport" title="John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport">John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Hamilton,_Ontario" title="List of roads in Hamilton, Ontario">List of streets in Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayfront_Park_(Hamilton,_Ontario)" title="Bayfront Park (Hamilton, Ontario)">Bayfront Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beasley_Park" title="Beasley Park">Beasley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_Beach_Park" title="Confederation Beach Park">Confederation Beach Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Park_(Hamilton,_Ontario)" title="Gore Park (Hamilton, Ontario)">Gore Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton%E2%80%93Brantford%E2%80%93Cambridge_Trails" title="Hamilton–Brantford–Cambridge Trails">Hamilton–Brantford–Cambridge Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Sports_Park" title="Mohawk Sports Park">Mohawk Sports Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_4_Park" title="Pier 4 Park">Pier 4 Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greatlakes" title="Template:Greatlakes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greatlakes" title="Template talk:Greatlakes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greatlakes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greatlakes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> of North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Superior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nipigon" title="Lake Nipigon">Nipigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nipissing" title="Lake Nipissing">Nipissing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Simcoe" title="Lake Simcoe">Simcoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnebago" title="Lake Winnebago">Winnebago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Couchiching" title="Lake Couchiching">Couchiching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bays and<br />channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Erie</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maumee_Bay" title="Maumee Bay">Maumee Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_Bay" title="Presque Isle Bay">Presque Isle Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky_Bay" title="Sandusky Bay">Sandusky Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Huron</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Bay" title="Georgian Bay">Georgian Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nottawasaga_Bay" title="Nottawasaga Bay">Nottawasaga Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_George_(Michigan%E2%80%93Ontario)" title="Lake George (Michigan–Ontario)">Lake George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munuscong_Lake" title="Munuscong Lake">Munuscong Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Ontario)" title="North Channel (Ontario)">North Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potagannissing_Bay" title="Potagannissing Bay">Potagannissing Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Bay" title="Saginaw Bay">Saginaw Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Channel" title="St. Joseph Channel">St. Joseph Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_(Michigan)" title="Thunder Bay (Michigan)">Thunder Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Michigan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Traverse_Bay" title="Grand Traverse Bay">Grand Traverse Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Green Bay (Lake Michigan)">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bay_de_Noc" title="Big Bay de Noc">Big Bay de Noc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Bay_de_Noc" title="Little Bay de Noc">Little Bay de Noc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porte_des_Morts" title="Porte des Morts">Porte des Morts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_Bay" title="Sturgeon Bay">Sturgeon Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitou_Passage" title="Manitou Passage">Manitou Passage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ontario</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamilton Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Bay" title="Humber Bay">Humber Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodus_Bay" title="Sodus Bay">Sodus Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Harbour" title="Toronto Harbour">Toronto Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellers_Bay" title="Wellers Bay">Wellers Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Au_Train_Bay" title="Au Train Bay">Au Train Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chequamegon_Bay" title="Chequamegon Bay">Chequamegon Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_Bay" title="Huron Bay">Huron Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Bay" title="Keweenaw Bay">Keweenaw Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokegama_Bay" title="Pokegama Bay">Pokegama Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Bay" title="Superior Bay">Superior Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_(Ontario)" title="Thunder Bay (Ontario)">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_Bay" title="Whitefish Bay">Whitefish Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batchawana_Bay" title="Batchawana Bay">Batchawana Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulais_Bay" title="Goulais Bay">Goulais Bay</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">St. Clair</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Bay_(Michigan)" title="Anchor Bay (Michigan)">Anchor Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Waterways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_River_(Ontario)" title="French River (Ontario)">French River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Waterway" title="Great Lakes Waterway">Great Lakes Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_River" title="Niagara River">Niagara River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipigon_River" title="Nipigon River">Nipigon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_River" title="St. Clair River">St. Clair River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Marys_River_(Michigan%E2%80%93Ontario)" title="St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)">St. Marys River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie_Canal" title="Sault Ste. Marie Canal">Sault Ste. Marie Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soo_Locks" title="Soo Locks">Soo Locks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_Bay_Ship_Canal" title="Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal">Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent%E2%80%93Severn_Waterway" title="Trent–Severn Waterway">Trent–Severn Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland_Canal" title="Welland Canal">Welland Canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Welland_Canal" title="First Welland Canal">First canal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of islands of the Great Lakes">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostle_Islands" title="Apostle Islands">Apostle Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Detroit_River" title="List of islands in the Detroit River">Detroit River Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="List of islands in Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale National Park Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lake_Erie_Islands" title="List of Lake Erie Islands">Lake Erie Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_Island" title="Manitoulin Island">Manitoulin Island</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kagawong" title="Lake Kagawong">Lake Kagawong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manitou" title="Lake Manitou">Lake Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mindemoya" title="Lake Mindemoya">Lake Mindemoya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island_(Ontario)" title="Treasure Island (Ontario)">Treasure Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ontario" title="List of islands of Ontario">Province of Ontario Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Michigan" title="List of islands of Michigan">State of Michigan Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_islands_in_Lake_Huron" title="List of Michigan islands in Lake Huron">Lake Huron Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_islands_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of populated islands of the Great Lakes">Populated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi_Islands" title="Potawatomi Islands">Potawatomi Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic geology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Admiralty" title="Lake Admiralty">Lake Admiralty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Agassiz" title="Lake Agassiz">Lake Agassiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Algonquin" title="Lake Algonquin">Lake Algonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Arkona" title="Lake Arkona">Lake Arkona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Sea" title="Champlain Sea">Champlain Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Chicago" title="Lake Chicago">Lake Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Chippewa" title="Lake Chippewa">Lake Chippewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Coleman" title="Lake Coleman">Lake Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Duluth" title="Lake Duluth">Lake Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Lake_Erie" title="Early Lake Erie">Early Lake Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Frontenac" title="Lake Frontenac">Lake Frontenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Lake_Iroquois" title="Glacial Lake Iroquois">Glacial Lake Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Maumee" title="Lake Maumee">Lake Maumee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipissing_Great_Lakes" title="Nipissing Great Lakes">Nipissing Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Saginaw" title="Lake Saginaw">Lake Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Stanley" title="Lake Stanley">Lake Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tonawanda" title="Lake Tonawanda">Lake Tonawanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Warren" title="Lake Warren">Lake Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wayne" title="Lake Wayne">Lake Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Whittlesey" title="Lake Whittlesey">Lake Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midcontinent_Rift_System" title="Midcontinent Rift System">Midcontinent Rift System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Escarpment" title="Niagara Escarpment">Niagara Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Bonnet_Ridge" title="Scotch Bonnet Ridge">Scotch Bonnet Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation" title="Wisconsin glaciation">Wisconsin glaciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Great_Lakes" title="Alliance for the Great Lakes">Alliance for the Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_and_St._Lawrence_Governors_and_Premiers" title="Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers">Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Areas_of_Concern" title="Great Lakes Areas of Concern">Great Lakes Areas of Concern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin_Soil_Erosion_and_Sediment_Control_Program" title="Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program">Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Charter" title="Great Lakes Charter">Great Lakes Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Commission" title="Great Lakes Commission">Great Lakes Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Compact" title="Great Lakes Compact">Great Lakes Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Environmental_Research_Laboratory" title="Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory">Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Fishery_Commission" title="Great Lakes Fishery Commission">Great Lakes Fishery Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes%E2%80%93Saint_Lawrence_River_Basin_Sustainable_Water_Resources_Agreement" title="Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement">Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Joint_Commission" title="International Joint Commission">International Joint Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_on_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of municipalities on the Great Lakes">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_on_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of cities on the Great Lakes">Cities</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin" title="Great Lakes Basin">Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Yacht_Club_Race_to_Mackinac" title="Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac">Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Circle_Tour" title="Great Lakes Circle Tour">Circle Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_St._Lawrence_River_and_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of crossings of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes">Crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Loop" title="Great Loop">Great Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Door_County,_Wisconsin#Lake_breeze" title="Climate of Door County, Wisconsin">Lake breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake-effect_snow" title="Lake-effect snow">Lake-effect snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan%E2%80%93Huron" title="Lake Michigan–Huron">Lake Michigan–Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan_Triangle" title="Lake Michigan Triangle">Lake Michigan Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_surfing" title="Lake surfing">Lake surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marine_protected_areas_of_the_Great_Lakes" title="List of marine protected areas of the Great Lakes">Marine protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marysburgh_vortex" title="Marysburgh vortex">Marysburgh vortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Great_Lakes_museum_and_historic_ships" title="List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships">Museum and historic ships</a></li> <li><a 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