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kas nesen izdarītas Vikipēdijā [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Pēdējās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Iet uz nejauši izvēlētu lapu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nejauša lapa</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Saturs" title="Vieta, kur uzzināt par Vikipēdiju vairāk"><span>Palīdzība</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Pazi%C5%86ojumi_par_k%C4%BC%C5%ABd%C4%81m"><span>Paziņot par kļūdu</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipēdija:Kontakti"><span>Kontakti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81kumlapa" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img 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cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" aria-label="Meklēt Vikipēdijā" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Meklēt Vikipēdijā [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Meklēt</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izskats" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cukurs" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cukurs" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dalībnieka rīki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Dalībnieka rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dalībnieka izvēlne" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv"><span>Ziedojumi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cukurs" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cukurs" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ieiet Vikipēdijā</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Lapas redaktoriem, kuri nav pieslēgušies <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Ievads" aria-label="Uzzini vairāk par rediģēšanu"><span>uzzināt vairāk</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Labojumi, kas veikti no šīs IP adreses [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Devums</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Diskusija par labojumiem, kas izdarīti no šīs IP adreses [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusijas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vēsture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Veidi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veidi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Veidi apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Veidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monosaharīdi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monosaharīdi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Monosaharīdi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monosaharīdi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disaharīdi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disaharīdi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Disaharīdi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disaharīdi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ražošana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ražošana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ražošana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ražošana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cukura_patēriņš" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cukura_patēriņš"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cukura patēriņš</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cukura_patēriņš-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ietekme_uz_veselību" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ietekme_uz_veselību"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ietekme uz veselību</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ietekme_uz_veselību-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skatīt_arī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skatīt_arī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Skatīt arī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skatīt_arī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cukurs</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 173 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-173" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">173 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suikers" title="Suikers – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suikers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucker" title="Zucker – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zucker" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%B3%E1%88%AD" title="ስኳር – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስኳር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucre" title="Zucre – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zucre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swe%C4%A1e" title="Sweġe – senangļu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sweġe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="senangļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1" title="سكر – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%9F%DC%AA" title="ܫܟܪ – aramiešu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܟܪ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1" title="سكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="চেনি – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেনি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azucre" title="Azucre – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Azucre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99k%C9%99r" title="Şəkər – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəkər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شکر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شکر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80" title="Шәкәр – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шәкәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – baliešu" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zugga" title="Zugga – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zugga" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokros" title="Sokros – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sokros" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цукар – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цукар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цукар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цукар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Захар – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Захар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चीनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चीनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="চিনি – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukr" title="Sukr – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sukr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87er" title="Šećer – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Šećer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sucre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2ng" title="Tòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шекар – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шекар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukal" title="Asukal – sebuāņu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Asukal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9%27keemahpe" title="Vé'keemahpe – šejenu" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vé'keemahpe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="šejenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شەکر – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەکر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukr" title="Cukr – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cukr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80" title="Сахăр – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сахăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwgr" title="Siwgr – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siwgr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sukker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucker" title="Zucker – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zucker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Ζάχαρη – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζάχαρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sugar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukero" title="Sukero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sukero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%BAcar" title="Azúcar – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azúcar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhkrud" title="Suhkrud – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suhkrud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azukre" title="Azukre – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azukre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7uca" title="Açuca – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Açuca" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شکر – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokerit" title="Sokerit – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sokerit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovu" title="Dovu – fidžiešu" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Dovu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukur" title="Sukur – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sukur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukl%C3%A8" title="Suklè – fonu" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Suklè" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sucre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBker" title="Sûker – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sûker" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BAcra" title="Siúcra – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siúcra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souk" title="Souk – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Souk" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B9car" title="Siùcar – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Siùcar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azucre" title="Azucre – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Azucre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirat%C3%A3" title="Eiratã – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Eiratã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suukala" title="Suukala – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Suukala" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukari" title="Sukari – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sukari" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B2ng" title="Thòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A8" title="סוכר – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוכר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="शर्करा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शर्करा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chini" title="Chini – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chini" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87eri" title="Šećeri – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šećeri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sik_(materyo)" title="Sik (materyo) – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sik (materyo)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukor" title="Cukor – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cukor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Շաքար – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շաքար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Շաքար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Շաքար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucro" title="Sucro – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sucro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83n%C3%BA_od%E1%BA%B9ne" title="Ńnú odẹne – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ńnú odẹne" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avu" title="Avu – inupiaku" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Avu" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шекар – ingušu" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Шекар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukro" title="Sukro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sukro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykur" title="Sykur – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sykur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B1%E1%91%B2%E1%92%83" title="ᓱᑲᒃ – inuītu" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓱᑲᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuītu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96" title="糖 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="糖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sakta" title="sakta – ložbans" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sakta" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložbans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შაქარი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შაქარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Қант – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қант" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಸಕ್ಕರೆ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಕ್ಕರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A4%ED%83%95" title="설탕 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="설탕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%88" title="کھنٛڈ – kašmiriešu" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کھنٛڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eekir" title="Şekir – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şekir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugra" title="Sugra – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sugra" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharum_(alimentum)" title="Saccharum (alimentum) – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saccharum (alimentum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucar" title="Zucar – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zucar" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3kker" title="Sókker – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sókker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuqer" title="Zuqer – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zuqer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suk%C3%A1li" title="Sukáli – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sukáli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukrus" title="Cukrus – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cukrus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चिनी – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चिनी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Захар – mokšu" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Захар" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siramamy" title="Siramamy – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Siramamy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo – minangkabavu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gulo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabavu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шеќер – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шеќер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0" title="പഞ്ചസാര – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പഞ്ചസാര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Чихэр – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чихэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0" title="साखर – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साखर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="သကြား – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သကြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Ламбо – erzju" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ламбо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxtillan_chiyancaca" title="Caxtillan chiyancaca – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Caxtillan chiyancaca" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucker" title="Zucker – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zucker" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चिनी – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चिनी – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelsuiker" title="Tafelsuiker – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tafelsuiker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sukker" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sukker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chucre" title="Chucre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chucre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sh%C4%AF%C4%AFh_%C5%82ikan" title="Áshįįh łikan – navahu" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Áshįįh łikan" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sucre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF" title="ଚିନି – oriju" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚିନି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Сæкæр – osetīnu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сæкæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1" title="ਖੰਡ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੰਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukier_spo%C5%BCywczy" title="Cukier spożywczy – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cukier spożywczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شکر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شکر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="بوره – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar" title="Açúcar – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Açúcar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zah%C4%83r" title="Zahăr – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zahăr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahari" title="Zahari – aromūnu" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Zahari" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromūnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сахар – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сахар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isukari" title="Isukari – kiņaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Isukari" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiņaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="शर्करा – sanskrits" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शर्करा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Саахар – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саахар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱤᱱᱤ – santalu" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱤᱱᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B9ccaru" title="Zùccaru – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zùccaru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succar" title="Succar – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Succar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%8A" title="کنڊ – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="کنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87er" title="Šećer – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šećer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92" title="සීනි – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සීනි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sugar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukor_(sladidlo)" title="Cukor (sladidlo) – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cukor (sladidlo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sladkor" title="Sladkor – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sladkor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuga" title="Shuga – šonu" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shuga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonkor" title="Sonkor – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sonkor" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheqeri" title="Sheqeri – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sheqeri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шећер – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шећер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socker" title="Socker – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Socker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukari" title="Sukari – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sukari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="சீனி – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0" title="పంచదార – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పంచదార" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Қанд – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қанд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="น้ำตาล – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำตาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukal" title="Asukal – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asukal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99nd" title="Qənd – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Qənd" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeker" title="Şeker – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şeker" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80" title="Шикәр – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шикәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%90%D9%83%DB%95%D8%B1" title="شېكەر – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شېكەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Цукор – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цукор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%91%D8%B1" title="شکّر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شکّر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qand" title="Qand – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qand" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B9caro" title="Sùcaro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sùcaro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahar_(produkt)" title="Sahar (produkt) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sahar (produkt)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_(th%E1%BB%B1c_ph%E1%BA%A9m)" title="Đường (thực phẩm) – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đường (thực phẩm)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyker" title="Suyker – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Suyker" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souke" title="Souke – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Souke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukar" title="Sukar – volofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sukar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%B3%96" title="食糖 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="食糖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჭაფურია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭაფურია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="צוקער – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צוקער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangz" title="Dangz – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dangz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96" title="糖 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="糖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thn%CC%82g" title="Thn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96" title="糖 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="糖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushukela" title="Ushukela – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ushukela" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11002#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Labot starpvalodu saites" class="wbc-editpage">Labot saites</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vārdtelpas"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cukurs" title="Apskatīt rakstu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Raksts</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusija:Cukurs&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusija par šī raksta lapu (vēl nav uzrakstīts) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit" title="Labot šo lapu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Labot šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit" title="Labot šīs lapas pirmkodu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Labot pirmkodu</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=history" title="Šīs lapas iepriekšējās versijas. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Rīki" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Rīki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Rīki</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Vairāk iespēju" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Darbības </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cukurs"><span>Skatīt</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit" title="Labot šo lapu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Labot šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit" title="Labot šīs lapas pirmkodu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Labot pirmkodu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=history"><span>Hronoloģija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vispārīgi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cukurs" title="Visas Vikipēdijas lapas, kurās ir saites uz šejieni [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Norādes uz šo rakstu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cukurs" rel="nofollow" title="Izmaiņas, kas nesen izdarītas lapās, kurās ir saites uz šo lapu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Saistītās izmaiņas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Visu īpašo lapu uzskaitījums [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Īpašās lapas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&oldid=4094490" title="Paliekoša saite uz šo lapas versiju"><span>Pastāvīgā saite</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=info" title="Vairāk informācijas par šo lapu"><span>Lapas informācija</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cukurs&id=4094490&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Kā pareizi atsaukties uz šo rakstu"><span>Atsauce uz šo lapu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCukurs"><span>Iegūt saīsinātu URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Flv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCukurs"><span>Lejupielādēt QR kodu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukāt/eksportēt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cukurs"><span>Izveidot grāmatu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cukurs&action=show-download-screen"><span>Lejupielādēt kā PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&printable=yes" title="Drukājama lapas versija [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukājama versija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citos projektos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sugar" hreflang="en"><span>Vikikrātuve</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11002" title="Saistītais Vikidatu ieraksts [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ieraksts Vikidatos</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lapas rīki"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izskats"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izskats</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span class="hatnote noexcerpt">Šis raksts ir par uzturā lietojamu ogļhidrātu. Par citām jēdziena <b>cukurs</b> nozīmēm skatīt <a href="/wiki/Cukurs_(noz%C4%ABmju_atdal%C4%AB%C5%A1ana)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cukurs (nozīmju atdalīšana)">nozīmju atdalīšanas lapu</a>.</span></dd></dl> <table class="infobox nowrap" style="width:22em"><caption style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;;font-weight:bold">Cukurs (saharoze), granulēts</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Sugar_2xmacro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Sugar_2xmacro.jpg/250px-Sugar_2xmacro.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Sugar_2xmacro.jpg/375px-Sugar_2xmacro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Sugar_2xmacro.jpg/500px-Sugar_2xmacro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><div>Cukura granulas</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Uzturvērtība uz 100 g</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzturv%C4%93rt%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzturvērtība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Uzturvērtība</a></th><td> 1,619 kJ (387 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Og%C4%BChidr%C4%81ti" title="Ogļhidrāti">Ogļhidrāti</a></b></div></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">99,98 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Cukuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Cukuri">Cukuri</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> 99,91 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%B7iedrvielas" title="Šķiedrvielas">Šķiedrvielas</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> 0 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tauki" title="Tauki">Tauki</a></b></div></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitam%C4%ABns" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamīns">Vitamīni</a></b></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <b>Daudzums</b> <div class="floatright" style="text-align:right;"><abbr title="Ieteicamā dienas deva"><b>%IDD</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Riboflav%C4%ABns" class="mw-redirect" title="Riboflavīns">Riboflavīns (B<span style="position:relative; top:0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.019 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Miner%C4%81lvielas" title="Minerālvielas">Minerālvielas</a></b></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <b>Daudzums</b> <div class="floatright" style="text-align:right;"><abbr title="Ieteicamā dienas deva"><b>%IDD</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kalcijs" title="Kalcijs">Kalcijs</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <div style="float: right;">0%</div> 1 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Dzelzs" title="Dzelzs">Dzelzs</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <div style="float: right;">0%</div> 0.01 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81lijs" title="Kālijs">Kālijs</a></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <div style="float: right;">0%</div> 2 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Citas sastāvdaļas</b></th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> <b>Apjoms</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;;text-align:left">Ūdens</th><td style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"> 0,03 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;">Baltā cukura uzturvērtība,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <div class="plainlist" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.15em;line-height:1.25em;"> <ul><li>Mērvienības</li> <li>μg = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrograms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrograms (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mikrograms</a> • mg = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miligrams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miligrams (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">miligrams</a></li> <li>IU = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starptautisk%C4%81s_vien%C4%ABbas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starptautiskās vienības (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Starptautiskās vienības</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="wrap" style="text-align:center;background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;"> <sup>†</sup>Ieteicamā dievas deva pieaugušajiem</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cukurs</b> ir <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81rtika" title="Pārtika">pārtikas</a> produkts, kas ir <a href="/wiki/Krist%C4%81ls" title="Kristāls">kristāliska</a>, salda, parasti balta (bezkrāsaina) <a href="/wiki/Viela" title="Viela">viela</a>, ko galvenokārt izmanto kā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saldviela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saldviela (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">saldvielu</a>. Ķīmiski cukurs ir gandrīz tīra <a href="/wiki/Saharoze" title="Saharoze">saharoze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ogleklis" title="Ogleklis">C</a><sub>12</sub><a href="/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis">H</a><sub>22</sub><a href="/wiki/Sk%C4%81beklis" title="Skābeklis">O</a><sub>11</sub>). Parastais cukurs ir <a href="/wiki/Og%C4%BChidr%C4%81ti" title="Ogļhidrāti">ogļhidrāts</a>, ko uzskata par vērtīgu uzturlīdzekli un nodrošina organismu ar nepieciešamo <a href="/wiki/Ener%C4%A3ija" title="Enerģija">enerģiju</a>. Par cukuriem mēdz dēvēt arī citus ogļhidrātus (parasti <a href="/wiki/Monosahar%C4%ABdi" title="Monosaharīdi">monosaharīdus</a> un <a href="/wiki/Disahar%C4%ABdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaharīdi">disaharīdus</a>), piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Laktoze" title="Laktoze">laktozi</a> sauc par piena cukuru. Pārtikā tiek lietots arī brūnais cukurs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vēsture"><span id="V.C4.93sture"></span>Vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Par cukura dzimteni uzskata <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiju</a>, kur to ieguva no <a href="/wiki/Cukurniedres" title="Cukurniedres">cukurniedrēm</a>. Sākotnēji cukurs nebija plaša patēriņa prece; visā pasaulē kā saldvielu lielākoties izmantoja <a href="/wiki/Medus" title="Medus">medu</a>. Eiropā šis produkts kļuva zināms no <a href="/wiki/Sen%C4%81_Roma" title="Senā Roma">romiešiem</a>, kas to ieveda no austrumiem. Tajā laikā no Indijas tika ievests <a href="/w/index.php?title=Br%C5%ABnais_cukurs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brūnais cukurs (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">brūnais cukurs</a>, kas tika gatavots no cukurniedru sulas. Ēģipte, kas tajā laikā bija Romas province, bija starpnieks starp austrumiem un Eiropu. <a href="/wiki/Sic%C4%ABlija" title="Sicīlija">Sicīlijā</a> un <a href="/wiki/Pireneju_pussala" title="Pireneju pussala">Pireneju pussalas</a> dienvidos cukurniedres sāka arī audzēt, bet pēc <a href="/wiki/Romas_imp%C4%93rija" title="Romas impērija">Romas impērijas</a> sabrukšanas šīs tradīcijas apsīka. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvijā</a> pirmo <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ves_cukurfabrika" title="Rāves cukurfabrika">Rāves cukurfabriku</a> 1784. gadā dibināja <a href="/wiki/Sarkandaugava" title="Sarkandaugava">Sarkandaugavā</a>. 1925. gadā uzsāka <a href="/wiki/Jelgavas_cukurfabrika" title="Jelgavas cukurfabrika">Jelgavas cukurfabrikas</a> celtniecību, gadu vēlāk šī fabrika sāka darboties. 1932. un 1935. gadā attiecīgi tika izveidotas cukurfabrikas <a href="/wiki/Krustpils" title="Krustpils">Krustpilī</a> un <a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepājā</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veidi">Veidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Veidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Veidi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monosaharīdi"><span id="Monosahar.C4.ABdi"></span>Monosaharīdi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Monosaharīdi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Monosaharīdi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Monosahar%C4%ABdi" title="Monosaharīdi">Monosaharīdi</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Fruktoze, galaktoze un glikoze ir vienkāršie cukuri (monosaharīdi) ar vispārējo formulu <a href="/wiki/Ogleklis" title="Ogleklis">C</a><sub>6</sub><a href="/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis">H</a><sub>12</sub><a href="/wiki/Sk%C4%81beklis" title="Skābeklis">O</a><sub>6</sub>. To molekulās ir piecas <a href="/wiki/Hidroksilgrupa" title="Hidroksilgrupa">hidroksilgrupas</a> (−OH) un <a href="/wiki/Karbonilgrupa" title="Karbonilgrupa">karbonilgrupa</a>; ūdens šķīdumā tās pārsvarā ir cikliskā formā. Katrai no tām ir vairāki optiskie izomēri ar <i>dekstro</i>- un <i>laevo</i>-rotācijas formām, kas griež gaismas lineārās polarizācijas plakni pa labi vai pa kreisi.<sup id="cite_ref-Manual_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fruktoze" title="Fruktoze">Fruktoze</a></b> jeb augļu cukurs ir dabiski sastopams augļos, dažos sakņu dārzeņos, niedru cukurā un <a href="/wiki/Medus" title="Medus">medū</a> un tas ir saldākais no cukuriem. Fruktoze ir viena no saharozes vai galda cukura sastāvdaļām. Daudz fruktozes satur kukurūzas sīrups, ko ražo no hidrolizētas kukurūzas cietes, kas ir speciāli pārstrādāta sīrupa iegūšanai, izmantojot <a href="/wiki/Enz%C4%ABmi" title="Enzīmi">fermentus</a>, kas daļu glikozes pārvērš fruktozē.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Galaktoze</b> reti atrodama brīvā veidā, bet tā ir disaharīda laktozes jeb piena cukura sastāvdaļa. Tā ir mazāk salda kā glikoze. Galaktoze ir antigēnu sastāvdaļa, kas atrodas uz sarkano asins šūnu — <a href="/wiki/Eritroc%C4%ABti" title="Eritrocīti">eritrocītu</a> virsmas, un nosaka <a href="/wiki/Asins_grupas" class="mw-redirect" title="Asins grupas">asins grupas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raven_and_Johnson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raven_and_Johnson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glikoze" title="Glikoze">Glikoze</a></b> dabiski sastopama augļos un augu sulās un ir galvenais <a href="/wiki/Fotosint%C4%93ze" title="Fotosintēze">fotosintēzes</a> produkts. Lielākā daļa uzņemto ogļhidrātu gremošanas laikā tiek pārveidota par glikozi, un tā ir cukura forma, kura tiek asinsritē transportēta dzīvnieku ķermeņos. Glikozes sīrups ir šķidra glikozes forma, ko plaši izmanto pārtikas produktu ražošanā. To var izgatavot no cietes, veicot fermentatīvo <a href="/wiki/Hidrol%C4%ABze" title="Hidrolīze">hidrolīzi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Dekstroze</b>, kuru dažreiz sauc par <a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABnogas" title="Vīnogas">vīnogu</a> cukuru, jo, žāvējot vīnogu sulu, rodas dekstrozes kristāli, kurus var atdalīt no pārējām sastāvdaļām,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ir dabiski sastopams glikozes <a href="/wiki/Izom%C4%93rija" title="Izomērija">izomērs</a> (forma). Kukurūzas cukurs, ko komerciāli ražo, sadalot kukurūzas cieti, ir viens no izplatītajiem attīrītās dekstrozes avotiem.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomēr dekstroze dabiski atrodas daudzos neapstrādātos pārtikas produktos, medū un augļos, piemēram, vīnogās.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disaharīdi"><span id="Disahar.C4.ABdi"></span>Disaharīdi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Disaharīdi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Disaharīdi"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laktoze, maltoze un saharoze ir saliktie cukuri — disaharīdi, ar vispārējo formulu <a href="/wiki/Ogleklis" title="Ogleklis">C</a><sub>12</sub><a href="/wiki/%C5%AAde%C5%86radis" title="Ūdeņradis">H</a><sub>22</sub><a href="/wiki/Sk%C4%81beklis" title="Skābeklis">O</a><sub>11</sub>. Tos veido divu monosaharīdu molekulu kombinācija, bez ūdens molekulas.<sup id="cite_ref-Manual_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Laktoze" title="Laktoze">Laktoze</a></b> ir dabiski sastopams cukurs, kas atrodams pienā. Laktozes molekula veidojas, kombinējot galaktozes molekulu ar glikozes molekulu. To sadala sastāvdaļās enzīms laktāze <a href="/wiki/Gremo%C5%A1ana" title="Gremošana">gremošanas</a> laikā. Bērniem vienmēr ir šis ferments, bet dažiem pieaugušajiem tas vairs neveidojas, un viņi <a href="/wiki/Laktozes_nepanes%C4%ABba" title="Laktozes nepanesība">nespēj sagremot laktozi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maltoze" title="Maltoze">Maltoze</a></b> veidojas dažu <a href="/wiki/Grauds" title="Grauds">graudu</a> dīgšanas laikā, vispazīstamākie ir <a href="/wiki/Mie%C5%BEi" title="Mieži">mieži</a>, kas pārvēršas par <a href="/wiki/Iesals" title="Iesals">iesalu</a>, kas ir arī cukura nosaukuma avots.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maltozes molekulu veido divu glikozes molekulu kombinācija. Maltoze ir mazāk salda kā glikoze, fruktoze vai saharoze.<sup id="cite_ref-Manual_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maltoze veidojas organismā <a href="/wiki/Ciete" title="Ciete">cietes</a> sagremošanas laikā ar <a href="/wiki/Amil%C4%81ze" title="Amilāze">amilāzes</a> fermenta palīdzību, bet pati maltoze sadalās ar cita enzīma — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malt%C4%81ze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maltāze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">maltāzes</a> — palīdzību.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Saharoze</b> ir atrodama <a href="/wiki/Cukurniedres" title="Cukurniedres">cukurniedru</a> kātos un <a href="/wiki/Cukurbietes" title="Cukurbietes">cukurbiešu</a> saknēs. Tā rodas dabiski līdzās fruktozei un glikozei arī citos augos, jo īpaši augļos un dažās <a href="/wiki/Saknenis" title="Saknenis">saknēs</a>, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/Burk%C4%81ns" title="Burkāns">burkānos</a>. Šajos pārtikas produktos atrodamo cukuru proporcijas nosaka salduma intensitāti, kas sajūtams, tos ēdot.<sup id="cite_ref-Manual_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manual-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saharozes molekulu veido glikozes molekulas un fruktozes molekulas kombinācija. Pēc apēšanas, saharoze šķelšanas laikā tiek sadalīta tās sastāvdaļās ar enzīma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invert%C4%81ze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Invertāze (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">invertāzes</a> palīdzību.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ražošana"><span id="Ra.C5.BEo.C5.A1ana"></span>Ražošana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Ražošana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ražošana"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cukurs galvenokārt tiek ražots no <a href="/wiki/Cukurniedres" title="Cukurniedres">cukurniedrēm</a> un <a href="/wiki/Cukurbietes" title="Cukurbietes">cukurbietēm</a>. Cukurniedres ir daudzgadīgi <a href="/wiki/Graudz%C4%81%C4%BCu_dzimta" title="Graudzāļu dzimta">graudzāļu dzimtas</a> augi, bet cukurbietes <a href="/wiki/Amarantu_dzimta" title="Amarantu dzimta">amarantu dzimtas</a> augi. Cukurniedres audzē <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indijā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo%C4%B7%C4%ABna" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoķīna">Indoķīnā</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna">Ķīnā</a>, kā arī <a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86amerika" title="Latīņamerika">Latīņamerikas</a> valstīs, īpaši <a href="/wiki/Kar%C4%ABbu_j%C5%ABra" title="Karību jūra">Karību jūras</a> reģionā un <a href="/wiki/Braz%C4%ABlija" title="Brazīlija">Brazīlijā</a>, bet cukurbietes lielākoties audzē <a href="/wiki/Eiropa" title="Eiropa">Eiropas</a> valstīs, <a href="/wiki/Amerikas_Savienot%C4%81s_Valstis" title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis">Amerikas Savienoto Valstu</a> austrumos un <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%ABle" title="Čīle">Čīlē</a>. </p><p>2011. gadā vadošās valstis pēc saražotā cukura daudzuma pasaulē ir <a href="/wiki/Braz%C4%ABlija" title="Brazīlija">Brazīlija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiropas_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Eiropas Savienība">Eiropas Savienības</a> valstis, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna">Ķīna</a> un <a href="/wiki/Taizeme" title="Taizeme">Taizeme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usda_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><span style="white-space: nowrap;">Saražotais cukura daudzums 2011./2012. gadā<sup id="cite_ref-usda_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Vieta</th> <th>Valstis</th> <th>Ražošana<br /><small>(1000 <a href="/wiki/Tonna" title="Tonna">tonnas</a>)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Brazīlija"><img alt="Karogs: Brazīlija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Braz%C4%ABlija" title="Brazīlija">Brazīlija</a></td> <td align="right">35 750 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Indija"><img alt="Karogs: Indija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indija</a></td> <td align="right">28 300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Eiropas Savienība"><img alt="Karogs: Eiropas Savienība" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eiropas_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Eiropas Savienība">Eiropas Savienības</a> valstis</td> <td align="right">16 740 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Ķīna"><img alt="Karogs: Ķīna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna">Ķīna</a></td> <td align="right">11 840 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Taizeme"><img alt="Karogs: Taizeme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taizeme" title="Taizeme">Taizeme</a></td> <td align="right">10 170 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Amerikas Savienotās Valstis"><img alt="Karogs: Amerikas Savienotās Valstis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Amerikas_Savienot%C4%81s_Valstis" title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis">ASV</a></td> <td align="right">7153 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Flag_of_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karogs: Meksika"><img alt="Karogs: Meksika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Meksika" title="Meksika">Meksika</a></td> <td align="right">5650 </td></tr> <tr> <td>kopā</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Pasaules_karte.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Valsts karogs: Pasaule"><img alt="Valsts karogs: Pasaule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/7/7f/Pasaules_karte.svg/22px-Pasaules_karte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/7/7f/Pasaules_karte.svg/33px-Pasaules_karte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/7/7f/Pasaules_karte.svg/44px-Pasaules_karte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></span> Pasaule</td> <td align="right">168 247 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cukura_patēriņš"><span id="Cukura_pat.C4.93ri.C5.86.C5.A1"></span>Cukura patēriņš</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Cukura patēriņš" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Cukura patēriņš"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ir aprēķināts, ka vidēji viens cilvēks pasaulē ik gadu patērē aptuveni 24 kg cukura. Industrializētajās valstīs šis rādītājs sasniedz pat 33 kg. Šāds patēriņš atbilst aptuveni 260 <a href="/wiki/Kalorija" title="Kalorija">kalorijām</a> vienā dienā. </p><p>Vadošās valstis pēc kopējā patērētā cukura daudzuma gadā ir <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indija</a> (26,5 miljoni <a href="/wiki/Tonna" title="Tonna">tonnu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Eiropas_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Eiropas Savienība">Eiropas Savienības</a> valstis (17,8 miljoni), <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Ķīna">Ķīna</a> (14,9 miljoni), <a href="/wiki/Braz%C4%ABlija" title="Brazīlija">Brazīlija</a> (11,7 miljoni) un <a href="/wiki/Amerikas_Savienot%C4%81s_Valstis" title="Amerikas Savienotās Valstis">Amerikas Savienotās Valstis</a> (10,4 miljoni). Visā pasaulē gada laikā kopā tiek patērēts 163,0 miljoni tonnnu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ietekme_uz_veselību"><span id="Ietekme_uz_vesel.C4.ABbu"></span>Ietekme uz veselību</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Ietekme uz veselību" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ietekme uz veselību"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ilgu laiku cukura lietošanu uzskatīja par efektīvu līdzekli pret <a href="/wiki/Sirds" title="Sirds">sirds</a> un asinsvadu, <a href="/wiki/Nervu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Nervu sistēma">nervu sistēmas</a> un gremošanas orgānu slimībām. Tomēr pēdējos gados pētnieki iesaka ierobežot šī produkta lietošanu. Novērots, ka vecumā pārāk bieža cukura lietošana pasliktina <a href="/wiki/Tauki" title="Tauki">tauku</a> apmaiņu, palielina cukura un <a href="/wiki/Holester%C4%ABns" title="Holesterīns">holesterīna</a> daudzumu <a href="/wiki/Asinis" title="Asinis">asinīs</a>, dezorganizē šūnu funkcijas. Dietologi uzstāj, lai vecu ļaužu ēdienkartē, it īpaši tiem cilvēkiem, kuriem ir tendence uz svara palielināšanos, lietotu tikai tik daudz cukura, lai tā daudzums nepārsniegtu 15% no visa ogļhidrātu daudzuma. Kardiologi uzskata, ka cilvēkiem, kuri lieto daudz cukura, bet maz kustas un strādā, cukura lietošana noved pie ķermeņa masas palielināšanās un <a href="/wiki/Ateroskleroze" title="Ateroskleroze">aterosklerozes</a> attīstības. Lai izvairītos no šīs problēmas un saldu produktu lietošana uzturā būtu iespējama, ieteikts izvēlēties ēdienus un dzērienus, kuru sastāvā cukurs ir aizvietots ar mazkaloriju <a href="/wiki/Saldin%C4%81t%C4%81ji" title="Saldinātāji">saldinātājiem</a>, jo tie neizraisa cukura līmeņa asinīs paaugstināšanos un ķermeņa svara izmaiņas,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kā arī tiem nav negatīvas ietekmes uz mutes dobuma veselību<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skatīt_arī"><span id="Skat.C4.ABt_ar.C4.AB"></span>Skatīt arī</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Skatīt arī" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Skatīt arī"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cukura_diab%C4%93ts" title="Cukura diabēts">Cukura diabēts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cukurs&action=edit&section=9" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami multivides faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sugars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sugars">cukuri</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brūnā cukura uzturvērtība atšķiras no baltā cukura uzturvērtības</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manual-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Manual_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Manual_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Manual_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Manual_2-3">2,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">David Buss, Robertson, Jean. <i>Manual of Nutrition; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food</i>. London : Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 5–9. lpp.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Norman Kretchmer, Claire B. Hollenbeck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vFUYelP6ht0C"><i>Sugars and Sweeteners</i></a>. CRC Press, Inc., 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-8835-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-8835-4">978-0-8493-8835-4</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raven_and_Johnson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Raven_and_Johnson_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Peter H. Raven, George B. Johnson. Carol J. Mills (redaktors) . <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingbio0000rave"><i>Understanding Biology</i></a> (3rd izd.). WM C. Brown, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingbio0000rave/page/n296">203</a>. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-697-22213-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-697-22213-8">978-0-697-22213-8</a>.</span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Ignorēts nezināms parametrs <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation encyclopaedia">Schenck, Fred W. «Glucose and Glucose-Containing Syrups». <i>Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3527306730" title="Special:BookSources/3527306730">3527306730</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a12_457.pub2">10.1002/14356007.a12_457.pub2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Teller, George L. (January 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Food_Journal/kynnAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1">"Sugars Other Than Cane or Beet"</a>. <i>The American Food Journal</i>: 23–24.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=184.1857">«Code of Federal Regulations Title 21»</a>. <i>AccessData, US Food and Drug Administration</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Robert Ireland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uK5Gkzs-DfQC&q=dextrose+naturally&pg=PT280"><i>A Dictionary of Dentistry</i></a> (angļu). OUP Oxford, 2010-03-25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-158502-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-158502-9">978-0-19-158502-9</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/327315/lactase">«Lactase»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/malt">«malt - Wiktionary»</a>. <i>en.wiktionary.org</i> (angļu)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2021-04-06</span></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360586/maltase">«Maltase»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/571354/sucrase">«Sucrase»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usda-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-usda_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-usda_13-1">13,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612120611/http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/sugar/2011/Nov2011sugar.pdf">«Sugar: World Markets and Trade»</a> (<a href="/wiki/.pdf" class="mw-redirect" title=".pdf">.pdf</a>) (angliski). United States Department of Agriculture. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/sugar/2011/Nov2011sugar.pdf">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2012-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2012-12-09</span></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogers, P. J., Hogenkamp, P. S., Graaf, C. D., Higgs, S., Lluch, A., Ness, A. R., Mela, D. J. (2016). Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies. (angliski) <i>International Journal of Obesity,40</i>(3), 381-394. doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.177. Skatīts: 2018. gads 20. martā.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fdiworlddental.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/Sugar-substitutes-and-their-role-in-caries-prevention-2008.pdf">«Sugar substitutes and their role in caries prevention»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615125408/http://www.fdiworlddental.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/Sugar-substitutes-and-their-role-in-caries-prevention-2008.pdf">Arhivēts</a> 2017. gada 15. jūnijā, <i><a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> vietnē. (angliski). FDI World Dental Federation. 2008. gada 26. septembris. 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