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id="toc-Afro-Cuban_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Spanish_tinge"—The_Cuban_influence_in_early_jazz_and_proto-Latin_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Spanish_tinge"—The_Cuban_influence_in_early_jazz_and_proto-Latin_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>"Spanish tinge"—The Cuban influence in early jazz and proto-Latin jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Spanish_tinge"—The_Cuban_influence_in_early_jazz_and_proto-Latin_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz_in-clave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz_in-clave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Jazz in-clave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz_in-clave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bossa_nova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bossa_nova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Bossa nova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bossa_nova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beyond_Latin_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beyond_Latin_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Beyond Latin jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beyond_Latin_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparing_Latin_jazz_with_straight-ahead_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparing_Latin_jazz_with_straight-ahead_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Comparing Latin jazz with straight-ahead jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparing_Latin_jazz_with_straight-ahead_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_Jazz_as_Global_Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_Jazz_as_Global_Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Latin Jazz as Global Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_Jazz_as_Global_Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="جاز لاتيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاز لاتيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_llat%C3%AD" title="Jazz llatí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jazz llatí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Jazz" title="Latin Jazz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Latin Jazz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_latino" title="Jazz latino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jazz latino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinida_%C4%B5azo" title="Latinida ĵazo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latinida ĵazo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinoamerikar_jazz" title="Latinoamerikar jazz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Latinoamerikar jazz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جاز لاتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جاز لاتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4_%EC%9E%AC%EC%A6%88" title="라틴 재즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라틴 재즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_latin" title="Jazz latin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jazz latin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%96_%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="ג'אז לטיני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'אז לטיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%BA" title="ラテンジャズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラテンジャズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Латин-джаз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латин-джаз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Latin jazz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q837389#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Latin jazz</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><b>Afro-Cuban jazz:</b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban music">Cuban music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></li></ul></div> <b>Afro-Brazilian jazz:</b> <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian music">Brazilian music</a></li><li>jazz</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, United States; and Brazil</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Cuba</li><li>United States</li><li>Brazil</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Latin jazz</b> is a genre of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> with <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> rhythms. The two main categories are <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a>, rhythmically based on Cuban popular dance music, with a rhythm section employing <a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">ostinato</a> patterns or a <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>, and Afro-Brazilian jazz, which includes <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afro-Cuban_jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Afro-Cuban jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Spanish_tinge"—The_Cuban_influence_in_early_jazz_and_proto-Latin_jazz"><span id=".22Spanish_tinge.22.E2.80.94The_Cuban_influence_in_early_jazz_and_proto-Latin_jazz"></span>"Spanish tinge"—The Cuban influence in early jazz and proto-Latin jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: "Spanish tinge"—The Cuban influence in early jazz and proto-Latin jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/African_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="African American music">African American music</a> began incorporating <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Cuban">Afro-Cuban</a> musical motifs in the 19th century, when the <a href="/wiki/Habanera_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habanera (music)">habanera</a> (Cuban <a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">contradanza</a>) gained international popularity. The habanera was the first written music to be rhythmically based on an African motif. The <i>habanera rhythm</i> (also known as <i>congo</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>tango-congo</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i><a href="/wiki/Tango_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (music)">tango</a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) can be thought of as a combination of <a href="/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)" title="Tresillo (rhythm)">tresillo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">backbeat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a> considers <a href="/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)" title="Tresillo (rhythm)">tresillo</a> to be the New Orleans "clave," although technically, the pattern is only half a <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tresillo_divisive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tresillo_divisive.png/220px-Tresillo_divisive.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tresillo_divisive.png/330px-Tresillo_divisive.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Tresillo_divisive.png 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="119" /></a><figcaption>Tresillo <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8c\/Tresillo_divisive.mid\/Tresillo_divisive.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tresillo divisive.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/Tresillo_divisive.mid/Tresillo_divisive.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tresillo_divisive.mid" title="File:Tresillo divisive.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basic_habanera_rhythm,_Orovio_1981_237.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Basic_habanera_rhythm%2C_Orovio_1981_237.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="46" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="46" /></a><figcaption>Habanera rhythm<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>"<a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Blues_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis Blues (song)">St. Louis Blues</a>" (1914) by <a href="/wiki/W._C._Handy" title="W. C. Handy">W. C. Handy</a> has a habanera-tresillo bass line. Handy noted a reaction to the habanera rhythm included in Will H. Tyler's "Maori": "I observed that there was a sudden, proud and graceful reaction to the rhythm...White dancers, as I had observed them, took the number in stride. I began to suspect that there was something Negroid in that beat." After noting a similar reaction to the same rhythm in "La Paloma", Handy included this rhythm in his "St. Louis Blues", the instrumental copy of "Memphis Blues", the chorus of "Beale Street Blues", and other compositions.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a> considered the tresillo-habanera (which he called the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_tinge" title="Spanish tinge">Spanish tinge</a>) to be an essential ingredient of jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The habanera rhythm can be heard in his left hand on songs like "The Crave" (1910, recorded 1938). </p> <blockquote><p>Now in one of my earliest tunes, "New Orleans Blues," you can notice the Spanish tinge. In fact, if you can't manage to put tinges of Spanish in your tunes, you will never be able to get the right seasoning, I call it, for jazz—Morton (1938: Library of Congress Recording).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MortonBricktopRowCropMortonFace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MortonBricktopRowCropMortonFace.jpg/170px-MortonBricktopRowCropMortonFace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/MortonBricktopRowCropMortonFace.jpg/255px-MortonBricktopRowCropMortonFace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/MortonBricktopRowCropMortonFace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Jelly Roll Morton</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the exact origins of jazz syncopation may never be known, there is evidence that the habanera-tresillo was there at its conception. <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Bolden" title="Buddy Bolden">Buddy Bolden</a>, the first <i>known</i> jazz musician, is credited with creating the <i>big four</i>, a habanera-based pattern. The big four (below) was the first syncopated bass drum pattern to deviate from the standard on-the-beat march.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the example below shows, the second half of the big four pattern is the habanera rhythm. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_four_Buddy_Bolden.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Big_four_Buddy_Bolden.png/300px-Big_four_Buddy_Bolden.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Big_four_Buddy_Bolden.png/450px-Big_four_Buddy_Bolden.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Big_four_Buddy_Bolden.png/600px-Big_four_Buddy_Bolden.png 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Buddy Bolden's "big four" pattern</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p>It is probably safe to say that by and large the simpler African rhythmic patterns survived in jazz ... because they could be adapted more readily to European rhythmic conceptions. Some survived, others were discarded as the Europeanization progressed. It may also account for the fact that patterns such as [tresillo have] . . . remained one of the most useful and common syncopated patterns in jazz—Schuller (1968).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Cuban influence is evident in many pre-1940s jazz tunes, but rhythmically, they are all based on single-celled motifs such as <a href="/wiki/Tresillo_(rhythm)" title="Tresillo (rhythm)">tresillo</a>, and not do not contain an overt two-celled, <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>-based structure. "<a href="/wiki/Caravan_(1937_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravan (1937 song)">Caravan</a>", written by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Tizol" title="Juan Tizol">Juan Tizol</a> and first performed in 1936, is an early proto-Latin jazz composition. It is not clave-based. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jazz_in-clave">Jazz in-clave</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jazz in-clave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machito_and_his_sister_Graciella_Grillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Machito_and_his_sister_Graciella_Grillo.jpg/170px-Machito_and_his_sister_Graciella_Grillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Machito_and_his_sister_Graciella_Grillo.jpg/255px-Machito_and_his_sister_Graciella_Grillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Machito_and_his_sister_Graciella_Grillo.jpg/340px-Machito_and_his_sister_Graciella_Grillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="919" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Machito" title="Machito">Machito</a> and his sister <a href="/wiki/Graciela" title="Graciela">Graciela</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> piece to be overtly based <i>in-clave</i>, and therefore, the first true Latin jazz piece, was "Tanga" (1943) composed by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Bauza" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Bauza">Mario Bauza</a> and recorded by <a href="/wiki/Machito" title="Machito">Machito</a> and his Afro-Cubans the same year, 1943. The tune was initially a descarga (Cuban jam) with jazz solos superimposed, spontaneously composed by Bauzá. </p><p>The right hand of the "Tanga" piano <a href="/wiki/Guajeo" title="Guajeo">guajeo</a> is in the style known as ponchando, a type of non-arpeggiated guajeo using block chords. The sequence of attack-points is emphasized, rather than a sequence of different pitches. As a form of accompaniment it can be played in a strictly repetitive fashion or as a varied motif akin to jazz comping.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following example is in the style of a 1949 recording by Machito. 2‐3 clave, piano by René Hernández.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanga_piano_guajeo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tanga_piano_guajeo.jpg/450px-Tanga_piano_guajeo.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tanga_piano_guajeo.jpg/675px-Tanga_piano_guajeo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Tanga_piano_guajeo.jpg/900px-Tanga_piano_guajeo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1892" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>"Tanga" in the style of Machito and His Afro‐Cubans (recorded 1949). 2‐3 clave, piano: René Hernández.</figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p>The first descarga that made the world take notice is traced to a <a href="/wiki/Machito" title="Machito">Machito</a> rehearsal on May 29, 1943, at the Park Palace Ballroom, at 110th Street and 5th Avenue. At this time, Machito was at Fort Dix (New Jersey) in his fourth week of basic training. The day before at <a href="/wiki/La_Conga_(nightclub)" title="La Conga (nightclub)">La Conga Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Bauza" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Bauza">Mario Bauza</a>, Machito's <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpeter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_director" title="Music director">music director</a>, heard pianist Luis Varona and bassist Julio Andino play El Botellero composition and arrangements of the Cuban-born Gilberto Valdez which would serve as a permanent sign off (end the dance) tune. </p><p>On this Monday evening, Dr. Bauza leaned over the piano and instructed Varona to play the same piano vamp he did the night before. Varona's left hand began the introduction of Gilberto Valdes' El Botellero. Bauza then instructed Julio Andino what to play; then the saxes; then the trumpets. The broken chord sounds soon began to take shape into an Afro-Cuban jazzed up melody. Gene Johnson's alto sax then emitted oriental-like jazz phrases. <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a> was invented when Bauza composed "Tanga" (African word for marijuana) that evening of 1943. </p><p>Thereafter, whenever "Tanga" was played, it sounded different, depending on a soloist's individuality. In August 1948, when trumpeter Howard McGhee soloed with Machito's orchestra at the Apollo Theatre, his ad-libs to "Tanga" resulted in "Cu-Bop City," a tune which was recorded by Roost Records months later. The jams which took place at the Royal Roots, <a href="/wiki/Bop_City" title="Bop City">Bop City</a> and Birdland between 1948 and 1949, when Howard McGhee, tenor saxophonist Brew Moore, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie sat in with the Machito orchestra, were unrehearsed, uninhibited, unheard-of-before jam sessions which at the time, master of ceremonies Symphony Sid called <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a>. </p><p> The Machito orchestra's ten- or fifteen-minute jams were the first in Latin music to break away from the traditional under-four-minute recordings. In February 1949, the Machito orchestra became the first to set a precedent in Latin music when it featured tenor saxophonist Flip Phillips in a five-minute recording of "Tanga." The twelve-inch 78 RPM, part of <i>The Jazz Scene</i> album, sold for $25—Salazar (1997).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Son_clave_cut-time_3-2_%26_2-3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Son_clave_cut-time_3-2_%26_2-3.png/300px-Son_clave_cut-time_3-2_%26_2-3.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Son_clave_cut-time_3-2_%26_2-3.png/450px-Son_clave_cut-time_3-2_%26_2-3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Son_clave_cut-time_3-2_%26_2-3.png/600px-Son_clave_cut-time_3-2_%26_2-3.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>3-2 clave (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/07\/Son_Clave_Pattern_duple.mid\/Son_Clave_Pattern_duple.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Son Clave Pattern duple.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Son_Clave_Pattern_duple.mid/Son_Clave_Pattern_duple.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Son_Clave_Pattern_duple.mid" title="File:Son Clave Pattern duple.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) and 2-3 clave (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d2\/2-3_Son_Clave.MID\/2-3_Son_Clave.MID.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"2-3 Son Clave.MID"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/2-3_Son_Clave.MID/2-3_Son_Clave.MID.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:2-3_Son_Clave.MID" title="File:2-3 Son Clave.MID">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) written in cut-time</figcaption></figure> <p>Mario Bauzá developed the 3-2 / 2-3 <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a> concept and terminology. A chord progression can begin on either side of clave. When the progression begins on the three-side, the song or song section is said to be in 3–2 clave. When the chord progression begins on the two-side, it is in 2–3 clave. In North America, salsa and Latin jazz charts commonly represent clave in two measures of <a href="/wiki/Alla_breve" title="Alla breve">cut-time</a> (2/2); this is most likely the influence of jazz conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When clave is written in two measures (above) changing from one clave sequence to the other is a matter of reversing the order of the measures. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sanabria" title="Bobby Sanabria">Bobby Sanabria</a>, who was Bauzá's drummer, cites several important innovations of Machito's band: </p> <ul><li>The first band to explore jazz arranging techniques with authentic Afro-Cuban rhythms on a consistent basis giving it a unique identifiable sound that no other band in the genre of Afro-Cuban based dance music had at the time. Cuban big band arranger Chico O'Farill stated: "This was a new concept in interpreting Cuban music with as much (harmonic) richness as possible. You have to understand how important this was. It made every other band that came after, followers."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The first band to explore modal harmony (a concept explored much later by Miles Davis and Gil Evans) from a jazz arranging perspective through their recording of "Tanga." Of note is the sheet of sound effect in the arrangement through the use of multiple layering.</li> <li>The first big band to explore, from an Afro-Cuban rhythmic perspective, large-scale extended compositional works. e.g. "The Afro-Cuban Jazz Suite" by Chico O'Farill.</li> <li>The first band to successfully wed jazz big band arranging techniques within an original composition with jazz oriented soloists utilizing an authentic Afro-Cuban based rhythm section in a successful manner. e.g. Gene Johnson - alto, Brew Moore - tenor, composition - "Tanga" (1943).</li> <li>The first Afro-Cuban based dance band to <i>overtly</i> explore the concept of clave counterpoint from an arranging standpoint. The ability to weave seamlessly from one side of the clave to the other without breaking its rhythmic integrity within the structure of a musical arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dizzy_Gillespie_playing_horn_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Dizzy_Gillespie_playing_horn_1955.jpg/170px-Dizzy_Gillespie_playing_horn_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Dizzy_Gillespie_playing_horn_1955.jpg/255px-Dizzy_Gillespie_playing_horn_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Dizzy_Gillespie_playing_horn_1955.jpg/340px-Dizzy_Gillespie_playing_horn_1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption>Dizzy Gillespie, 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>Bauzá introduced <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a> innovator <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> to the Cuban conga drummer <a href="/wiki/Chano_Pozo" title="Chano Pozo">Chano Pozo</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Manteca_(song)" title="Manteca (song)">Manteca</a>" is the first <a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">jazz standard</a> to be rhythmically based on <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>. "Manteca" was co-written by <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chano_Pozo" title="Chano Pozo">Chano Pozo</a> in 1947. According to Gillespie, Pozo created the layered, <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">contrapuntal</a> <a href="/wiki/Guajeo" title="Guajeo">guajeos</a> (Afro-Cuban <a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">ostinatos</a>) of the A section and the introduction, and Gillespie wrote the bridge. The rhythm of the <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> of the A section is identical to a common <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">mambo</a> <a href="/wiki/Bell_pattern" title="Bell pattern">bell pattern</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manteca_%3D_bell_pattern.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Manteca_%3D_bell_pattern.tif/lossy-page1-390px-Manteca_%3D_bell_pattern.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="390" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Manteca_%3D_bell_pattern.tif/lossy-page1-585px-Manteca_%3D_bell_pattern.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Manteca_%3D_bell_pattern.tif/lossy-page1-780px-Manteca_%3D_bell_pattern.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1979" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Top: opening measures of "<a href="/wiki/Manteca_(song)" title="Manteca (song)">Manteca</a>" melody. Bottom: common <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">mambo</a> <a href="/wiki/Bell_pattern" title="Bell pattern">bell pattern</a> (2-3 <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>On March 31, 1946, Stan Kenton recorded "Machito," written by his collaborator / arranger <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rugolo" title="Pete Rugolo">Pete Rugolo</a>, which is considered by some to be the first Latin jazz recording by American jazz musicians. The Kenton band was augmented by Ivan Lopez on bongos and Eugenio Reyes on maracas. Later, on December 6 the same year, Stan Kenton recorded an arrangement of the Afro-Cuban tune "<a href="/wiki/The_Peanut_Vendor" title="The Peanut Vendor">The Peanut Vendor</a>" with members of Machito's rhythm section. <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Dorham" title="Kenny Dorham">Kenny Dorham</a> "Minor's Holiday", "Basheer's Dream",<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hank Mobley "Recado Bossa Nova" and Sabu Martinez jazz tune developed Afro-Cuban jazz from 50s to 60s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongo_Santamaria_1969.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mongo_Santamaria_1969.JPG/170px-Mongo_Santamaria_1969.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mongo_Santamaria_1969.JPG/255px-Mongo_Santamaria_1969.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mongo_Santamaria_1969.JPG/340px-Mongo_Santamaria_1969.JPG 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Mongo Santamaria, 1969</figcaption></figure> <p>Cuban percussionist <a href="/wiki/Mongo_Santamaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongo Santamaria">Mongo Santamaria</a> first recorded his composition "Afro Blue" in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Afro Blue" was the first jazz standard built upon a typical African three-against-two (3:2) <a href="/wiki/Cross-rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-rhythm">cross-rhythm</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hemiola" title="Hemiola">hemiola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song begins with the bass repeatedly playing 6 cross-beats per each measure of 12/8, or 6 cross-beats per 4 main beats—6:4 (two cells of 3:2). The following example shows the original <a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">ostinato</a> "Afro Blue" bass line. The slashed noteheads indicate the main <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beats</a> (not bass notes), where you would normally tap your foot to "keep time." </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afro_blue_bass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Afro_blue_bass.jpg/380px-Afro_blue_bass.jpg" decoding="async" width="380" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Afro_blue_bass.jpg/570px-Afro_blue_bass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Afro_blue_bass.jpg/760px-Afro_blue_bass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6884" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>"Afro Blue" bass line, with main beats indicated by slashed noteheads</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bossa_nova">Bossa nova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bossa nova"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">Bossa nova</a> is a hybrid form based on the samba rhythm, but influenced by European and American music from Debussy to US jazz. Bossa nova originated in the 1950s, largely from the efforts of Brazilians <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Carlos_Jobim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Carlos Jobim">Antonio Carlos Jobim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a>. Its most famous song is arguably "<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Ipanema" title="The Girl from Ipanema">The Girl from Ipanema</a>" sung by Gilberto and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto" title="Astrud Gilberto">Astrud Gilberto</a>. While the musical style evolved from <a href="/wiki/Samba_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba (music)">samba</a>, it is more complex harmonically and less percussive. Bossa nova emerged primarily from the upscale beachside neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro as opposed to samba's origins in the <a href="/wiki/Favelas" class="mw-redirect" title="Favelas">favelas</a> of Rio. Certain similar elements were already evident, even influencing Western classical music like Gershwin's <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Overture" title="Cuban Overture">Cuban Overture</a> which has the characteristic 'Latin' <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a> rhythm. The influence on bossa nova of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> styles such as <a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a> is often debated by historians and fans, but a similar "cool sensibility" is apparent. </p><p>Bossa nova was developed in Brazil in the mid-1950s, with its creation being credited to artists including <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Alf" title="Johnny Alf">Johnny Alf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Carlos_Jobim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Carlos Jobim">Antonio Carlos Jobim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a>. One of the first songs was "<a href="/wiki/Bim-Bom" title="Bim-Bom">Bim-Bom</a>"(Gilberto). Bossa nova was made popular by <a href="/wiki/Dorival_Caymmi" title="Dorival Caymmi">Dorival Caymmi</a>'s "Saudade da Bahia" and <a href="/wiki/Elizete_Cardoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizete Cardoso">Elizete Cardoso</a>'s recording of "<a href="/wiki/Chega_de_Saudade" title="Chega de Saudade">Chega de Saudade</a>" on the <i><a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Amor_Demais" title="Canção do Amor Demais">Canção do Amor Demais</a></i> <a href="/wiki/LP_album" class="mw-redirect" title="LP album">LP</a>, composed by <a href="/wiki/Vin%C3%ADcius_de_Moraes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinícius de Moraes">Vinícius de Moraes</a> (lyrics) and Antonio Carlos Jobim (music). The song was soon after released by Gilberto. </p><p>The initial releases by Gilberto and the internationally popular 1959 film <i><a href="/wiki/Orfeu_Negro" class="mw-redirect" title="Orfeu Negro">Orfeu Negro</a></i> ("Black Orpheus", with score by <a href="/wiki/Luiz_Bonf%C3%A1" title="Luiz Bonfá">Luiz Bonfá</a>) brought significant popularity of this musical style in Brazil and elsewhere in Latin America, which spread to North America via visiting American jazz musicians. The resulting recordings by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Byrd" title="Charlie Byrd">Charlie Byrd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> cemented its popularity and led to a worldwide boom with 1964's <i><a href="/wiki/Getz/Gilberto" title="Getz/Gilberto">Getz/Gilberto</a></i>, numerous recordings by famous jazz performers such as <a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Abra%C3%A7a_Jobim" title="Ella Abraça Jobim">Ella Abraça Jobim</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Francis_Albert_Sinatra_%26_Antonio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim">Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></i>). Since that time, the bossa nova style maintains a lasting influence in world music for several decades and even up to the present. </p><p>The first bossa nova single to achieve international popularity was perhaps the most successful of all time, the 1964 Getz/Gilberto recording "<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_From_Ipanema" class="mw-redirect" title="The Girl From Ipanema">The Girl From Ipanema</a>", edited to include only the singing of <a href="/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto" title="Astrud Gilberto">Astrud Gilberto</a>, Gilberto's then wife. The genre would withstand substantial "watering down" by popular artists throughout the next four decades. </p><p>An early influence on bossa nova was the song "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dans_mon_%C3%AEle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dans mon île (page does not exist)">Dans mon île</a>" by French singer <a href="/wiki/Henri_Salvador" title="Henri Salvador">Henri Salvador</a>, featured in the 1957 Italian movie <i><a href="/wiki/Italian_films_of_1959" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian films of 1959">Europa di notte</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a>; the song was distributed in Brazil and covered later by Brazilian artists <a href="/wiki/Eumir_Deodato" title="Eumir Deodato">Eumir Deodato</a> (<i>Los Danseros en Bolero</i> – 1964) and <a href="/wiki/Caetano_Veloso" title="Caetano Veloso">Caetano Veloso</a> (<i>Outras Palavras</i> – 1981). In 2005, Henri Salvador was awarded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_Order_of_Cultural_Merit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brazilian Order of Cultural Merit (page does not exist)">Brazilian Order of Cultural Merit</a>, which he received from singer and Minister of Culture, <a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Gil" title="Gilberto Gil">Gilberto Gil</a>, in the presence of President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a> for his influence on Brazilian culture. </p><p>The so-called "bossa nova clave" (or "Brazilian clave") is played on the snare rim of the <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a> in bossa nova. The pattern has a similar rhythm to that of the son <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>, but the second note on the two-side is delayed by one pulse (subdivision). The pattern is shown below in 2/4, as it is written in Brazil. In North American charts it is more likely to be written in cut-time. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bossa_nova_pattern.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bossa_nova_pattern.png/300px-Bossa_nova_pattern.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bossa_nova_pattern.png/450px-Bossa_nova_pattern.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bossa_nova_pattern.png/600px-Bossa_nova_pattern.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="96" /></a><figcaption>Bossa nova snare rim pattern (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5f\/Bossa_nova_pattern.mid\/Bossa_nova_pattern.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Bossa nova pattern.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/Bossa_nova_pattern.mid/Bossa_nova_pattern.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Bossa_nova_pattern.mid" title="File:Bossa nova pattern.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to drummer <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sanabria" title="Bobby Sanabria">Bobby Sanabria</a> the Brazilian composer <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Carlos_Jobim" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Carlos Jobim">Antonio Carlos Jobim</a>, who developed the pattern, considers it to be merely a rhythmic motif and not a <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bell_pattern" title="Bell pattern">guide pattern</a>). Jobim later regretted that Latino musicians misunderstood the role of this bossa nova pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beyond_Latin_jazz">Beyond Latin jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Beyond Latin jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airto_Moreira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Airto_Moreira.jpg/220px-Airto_Moreira.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Airto_Moreira.jpg/330px-Airto_Moreira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Airto_Moreira.jpg/440px-Airto_Moreira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Brazilian percussionist Airto Moreira</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos.jpg/170px-Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos.jpg/255px-Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos.jpg/340px-Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Naná Vasconcelos playing the Afro-Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Berimbau" title="Berimbau">Berimbau</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Brazilian percussionist <a href="/wiki/Airto_Moreira" title="Airto Moreira">Airto Moreira</a> became a professional musician at age 13. He won acclaim as a member of the samba jazz pioneers <a href="/wiki/Sambalan%C3%A7o_Trio" title="Sambalanço Trio">Sambalanço Trio</a> and for his landmark recording <i>Quarteto Novo</i> with <a href="/wiki/Hermeto_Pascoal" title="Hermeto Pascoal">Hermeto Pascoal</a> in 1967. Shortly after, he followed his wife <a href="/wiki/Flora_Purim" title="Flora Purim">Flora Purim</a> to the United States. Once in the U.S., Airto introduced Afro-Brazilian folkloric instruments into a wide variety of jazz styles, in ways that had not been done before. In <a href="/wiki/Chick_Corea" title="Chick Corea">Chick Corea</a>'s original <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Forever" title="Return to Forever">Return to Forever</a> band, Airto was able to showcase his samba prowess on several <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion instruments">percussion instruments</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a>. However, the terms <i>jazz samba</i> or <i>Latin jazz</i> are too limiting a label for the types of music Airto participated in the U.S. during the 1970s. Airto played in the two most important <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> electric jazz bands of the day—<a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weather_Report" title="Weather Report">Weather Report</a>. He also performed on more mainstream albums, such as those of <a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI Records</a>. Besides energetic rhythmic textures, Airto added percussion color, using bells, shakers, and whistles to create evocative textures of timbre. Airto paved the way for other <a href="/wiki/Avant_garde" class="mw-redirect" title="Avant garde">avant garde</a> Brazilian musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Hermeto_Pascoal" title="Hermeto Pascoal">Hermeto Pascoal</a>, to enter the North American jazz scene. </p><p>Another innovative Brazilian percussionist is <a href="/wiki/Nan%C3%A1_Vasconcelos" title="Naná Vasconcelos">Naná Vasconcelos</a>. Vasconcelos contributed to four <a href="/wiki/Jon_Hassell" title="Jon Hassell">Jon Hassell</a> albums from 1976 to 1980 (including <a href="/wiki/Fourth_World,_Vol._1:_Possible_Musics" title="Fourth World, Vol. 1: Possible Musics">Possible Musics</a> by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> and Hassell), and later to several <a href="/wiki/Pat_Metheny_Group" title="Pat Metheny Group">Pat Metheny Group</a> works and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Garbarek" title="Jan Garbarek">Jan Garbarek</a> concerts from early 1980s to early 1990s. In 1976 joined <a href="/wiki/Egberto_Gismonti" title="Egberto Gismonti">Egberto Gismonti</a> to record <i><a href="/wiki/Dan%C3%A7a_das_cabe%C3%A7as" title="Dança das cabeças">Dança das cabeças</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a> label. In 1984 he appeared on the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Favre_(musician)" title="Pierre Favre (musician)">Pierre Favre</a> album <i>Singing Drums</i> along with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Motian" title="Paul Motian">Paul Motian</a>. He also appears on <a href="/wiki/Arild_Andersen" title="Arild Andersen">Arild Andersen</a>'s album "If You Look Far Enough" with <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Towner" title="Ralph Towner">Ralph Towner</a>. Vasconcelos formed a group named <a href="/wiki/Codona" title="Codona">Codona</a> with <a href="/wiki/Don_Cherry_(jazz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Cherry (jazz)">Don Cherry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collin_Walcott" title="Collin Walcott">Collin Walcott</a>, which released three albums in 1978, 1980 and 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Vasconcelos uses Afro-Brazilian rhythms and instruments, he like Airto, transcend the categories of Brazilian jazz and Latin jazz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparing_Latin_jazz_with_straight-ahead_jazz">Comparing Latin jazz with straight-ahead jazz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Comparing Latin jazz with straight-ahead jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In comparison with straight-ahead jazz, Latin jazz employs <a href="/wiki/Straight_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight rhythm">straight rhythm</a> (or "even-eighths"), rather than <a href="/wiki/Swung_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Swung rhythm">swung rhythm</a>. Early Latin jazz rarely employed a <a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)" title="Beat (music)">backbeat</a>, but contemporary forms fuse the backbeat with the <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Conga" title="Conga">conga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbales" title="Timbales">timbale</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCiro" title="Güiro">güiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bongos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bongos">bongos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Claves" title="Claves">claves</a> are <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion instruments</a> often used in addition to, or in place of the <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formats">Formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin jazz music, like most types of jazz music, can be played in small or large groups. Small groups, or combos, often use the <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a> format made popular in the 1950s in America, where the musicians play a standard melody, many of the musicians play an improvised solo, and then everyone plays the melody again. Prominent Latin jazz big bands include <a href="/wiki/Arturo_O%27Farrill" title="Arturo O'Farrill">Arturo O'Farrill</a>'s Afro-Latin Jazz Orchestra, Bobby Sanabria's Multiverse Big Band, Raices Jazz Orchestra, Mambo Legends Orchestra, Pacific Mambo Orchestra, as well as others. In Latin jazz bands, percussion is often featured in solos. Contemporary Latin jazz pieces by musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Hermeto_Pascoal" title="Hermeto Pascoal">Hermeto Pascoal</a> are mostly composed for these small groups, with percussion solos as well as many wind-instrumentals.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin_Jazz_as_Global_Music">Latin Jazz as Global Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Latin Jazz as Global Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most jazz histories emphasize the narrative that jazz is exclusively an American music—a style created by African Americans in the early 20th century, fusing elements of African rhythm and improvisations with European instrumentation, harmonies, and formal structures. The influences of musics from the Caribbean and Latin America—save <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton:_The_Complete_Library_of_Congress_Recordings" title="Jelly Roll Morton: The Complete Library of Congress Recordings">Jelly Roll Morton's</a> often quoted comments on the "Spanish tinge" rhythms of early New Orleans jazz, and trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>'s famous Post-War collaborations with Afro-Cuban drummer <a href="/wiki/Chano_Pozo" title="Chano Pozo">Chano Pozo</a>—have received little or no mention in standard jazz textbooks used in most American universities.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the influential 1973 compilation of recordings, the <i>Smithsonian Collection of Classic Jazz,</i> and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns%27_Jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ken Burns' Jazz">Ken Burns'</a> popular documentary film <i>Jazz,</i> make little mention of Latin jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent scholarship has challenged this paradigm, arguing that music from the Caribbean and Latin American were essential to the emergence of early <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans jazz</a>, to the music's Post-War development in New York City, and to the continued evolution of jazz in twenty-first century urban centers. Proponents of this view advocate for the inclusion of influential Caribbean band leaders including Frank <a href="/wiki/Machito" title="Machito">Machito</a> Grillo, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Bauz%C3%A1" title="Mario Bauzá">Mario Bauzá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chico_O%27Farrill" title="Chico O'Farrill">Chico O'Farrill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Barretto" title="Ray Barretto">Ray Barretto</a>, and Jerry and Andy Gonzalez in the broader jazz cannon.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this perspective, all jazz, including Latin Jazz, is not viewed as a uniquely American expression, but rather as "a global music" that is "transcultural in its stylistic scope."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/27px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/40px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/53px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/22px-Conga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/32px-Conga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/43px-Conga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="990" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_music" title="Portal:Latin music">Latin music portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calle_54" title="Calle 54">Calle 54</a></i> - a film about Latin jazz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Latin_Jazz_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz Album">Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz Album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Award_for_Best_Latin_Jazz/Jazz_Album" title="Latin Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz/Jazz Album">Latin Grammy Award for Best Latin Jazz/Jazz Album</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manuel, Peter (2009: 69). <i>Creolizing Contradance in the Caribbean</i>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acosta, Leonardo (2003: 5). <i>Cubano Be Cubano Bop; One Hundred Years of Jazz in Cuba</i>. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mauleón (1999: 4) <i>Salsa Guidebook for Piano and Ensemble</i>. Petaluma, California: Sher Music. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9614701-9-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9614701-9-4">0-9614701-9-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Wynton Marsalis part 2." <i>60 Minutes</i>. CBS News (26 June 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orovio, Helio. 1981. <i>Diccionario de la Música Cubana</i>, p. 237. La Habana, Editorial Letras Cubanas. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/959-10-0048-0" title="Special:BookSources/959-10-0048-0">959-10-0048-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Father of the Blues: An Autobiography</i>. by W.C. Handy, edited by <a href="/wiki/Arna_Bontemps" title="Arna Bontemps">Arna Bontemps</a>: foreword by Abbe Niles. Macmillan Company, New York; (1941) pages 99, 100. no ISBN in this first printing</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, John Storm 1979. <i>The Latin tinge: the impact of Latin American music on the United States</i>. Oxford.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morton, "Jelly Roll" (1938: Library of Congress Recording) <i>The Complete Recordings By Alan Lomax</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marsalis, Wynton (2000: DVD n.1). <i>Jazz</i>. PBS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schuller, Gunther (1968: 19) <i>Early Jazz; Its Roots and Musical Development</i>. New York: Oxford Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peñalosa, David 2010. <i>The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins</i> p. 256. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3">1-886502-80-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, Kevin (2009). <i>Beyond Salsa Piano; The Cuban Timba Piano Revolution v.2 Early Cuban Piano Tumbao</i> (1940–1959) p. 17. Santa Cruz, CA: Moore Music/Timba.com. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/144998018X" title="Special:BookSources/144998018X">144998018X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salazar, Max (1997). "The Beginning and Its Best" <i>Latin Beat Magazine</i> v.7 n. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mauleón, Rebeca (1993: 52) <i>Salsa Guidebook for Piano and Ensemble</i>. Petaluma, California: Sher Music. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9614701-9-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9614701-9-4">0-9614701-9-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Notes from The Mambo Inn -The Story of Mario Bauza</i>. PBS documentary (1998).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710070411/http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/latinjazz/">Bobby Sanabria, posting to the <i>Latinjazz discussion list</i> (2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/afro-cuban-mw0000187932">"Afro-Cuban - Kenny Dorham | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Afro-Cuban+-+Kenny+Dorham+%26%23124%3B+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%26%23124%3B+AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fafro-cuban-mw0000187932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzlists.com/SJ_Hank_Mobley.htm">"Hank Mobley discography"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hank+Mobley+discography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jazzlists.com%2FSJ_Hank_Mobley.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Afro Blue," <i>Afro Roots</i> (Mongo Santamaria) Prestige CD 24018-2 (1959).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peñalosa, David (2010). <i>The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins</i> p. 26. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3">1-886502-80-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bobby Sanabria cited by Peñalosa (2009: 243). <i>The Clave Matrix.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALLMUSIC-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p6300/biography">Allmusic Biography</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1982" class="citation web cs1">Palmer, Robert (1982-06-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E6DF123BF93BA15755C0A964948260">"Jazz Festival - A Study Of Folk-Jazz Fusion - Nytimes.Com"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jazz+Festival+-+A+Study+Of+Folk-Jazz+Fusion+-+Nytimes.Com&rft.date=1982-06-28&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9F01E6DF123BF93BA15755C0A964948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Palmer1987" class="citation web cs1">Robert Palmer (1987-09-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE7D71538F930A3575AC0A961948260">"Jazz: Don Cherry"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jazz%3A+Don+Cherry&rft.date=1987-09-03&rft.au=Robert+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B0DE7D71538F930A3575AC0A961948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeto2000" class="citation journal cs1">Neto, Luiz Costa Lima (2000). "The experimental music of Hermeto Paschoal e Grupo (1981-93): a musical system in the making". <i>British Journal of Ethnomusicology</i>. <b>9</b>: 119–142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09681220008567294">10.1080/09681220008567294</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:217508944">217508944</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Ethnomusicology&rft.atitle=The+experimental+music+of+Hermeto+Paschoal+e+Grupo+%281981-93%29%3A+a+musical+system+in+the+making&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=119-142&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09681220008567294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A217508944%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Neto&rft.aufirst=Luiz+Costa+Lima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGridley1978" class="citation book cs1">Gridley, Mark (1978). <i>Jazz Styles, History and Analysis</i>. Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0135098851" title="Special:BookSources/978-0135098851"><bdi>978-0135098851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz+Styles%2C+History+and+Analysis&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0135098851&rft.aulast=Gridley&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1993" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Lewis (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26850817"><i>Jazz : from its origins to the present</i></a>. Michael Ullman, Ed Hazell. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-092776-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-092776-7"><bdi>0-13-092776-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26850817">26850817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz+%3A+from+its+origins+to+the+present&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26850817&rft.isbn=0-13-092776-7&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F26850817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelley" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kelley, Robin. "Into the Mist: Thoughts on Ken Burns's Jazz". <i>ISAM Newsletter</i>. 30, no.2 (Spring 2001): 8–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ISAM+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Into+the+Mist%3A+Thoughts+on+Ken+Burns%27s+Jazz&rft.volume=30%2C+no.2&rft.issue=Spring+2001&rft.pages=8-15&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1999" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, John Storm (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40256200"><i>Latin jazz : the first of the fusions, 1880s to today</i></a>. New York: Schirmer Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-864681-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-864681-9"><bdi>0-02-864681-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40256200">40256200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+jazz+%3A+the+first+of+the+fusions%2C+1880s+to+today&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Schirmer+Books&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40256200&rft.isbn=0-02-864681-9&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=John+Storm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F40256200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashburne2020" class="citation book cs1">Washburne, Christopher (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1125295202"><i>Latin jazz : the other jazz</i></a>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-751085-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-751085-8"><bdi>978-0-19-751085-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1125295202">1125295202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+jazz+%3A+the+other+jazz&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1125295202&rft.isbn=978-0-19-751085-8&rft.aulast=Washburne&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1125295202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashburne2020" class="citation book cs1">Washburne (2020). <i>Latin Jazz</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-751085-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-751085-8"><bdi>978-0-19-751085-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1125295202">1125295202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+Jazz&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1125295202&rft.isbn=978-0-19-751085-8&rft.au=Washburne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Acosta, Leonardo (2003) <i>One Hundred Years of Jazz in Cuba</i>. Washington DC: Smithsonian Books.</li> <li>Campos Fonseca, Susan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaspmjournal.net/index.php/IASPM_Journal/article/view/368">"¿Una habitación propia en el "Jazz Latino"?"</a>. En: <i>IASPM@Journal</i>, Vol. 1, Nº2 (2010).</li> <li>Delannoy, Luc (2001) <i>Caliente, una historia del Jazz Latino.</i> Mexico: FCE.</li> <li>Delannoy, Luc (2005) <i>Carambola, vidas en el Jazz Latino.</i> Mexico: FCE.</li> <li>Delannoy, Luc (2012) <i>Convergencias </i> Mexico: FCE.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (1979). "Latin Jazz, the Best of Both Worlds". <i>Jazz Spotlite News</i>. New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Latin+Jazz%2C+the+Best+of+Both+Worlds&rft.btitle=Jazz+Spotlite+News&rft.place=New+York&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (1985). "Salsa and Latin jazz". In Quill (ed.). <i>Hot Sauces: Latin and Caribbean Pop</i>. New York. pp. 94–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-688-02193-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-688-02193-X"><bdi>0-688-02193-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salsa+and+Latin+jazz&rft.btitle=Hot+Sauces%3A+Latin+and+Caribbean+Pop&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=94-115&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-688-02193-X&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (1993). <i>La Salsa et le Latin jazz</i>. Paris: PUF. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2130453171" title="Special:BookSources/2130453171"><bdi>2130453171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Salsa+et+le+Latin+jazz&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=PUF&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=2130453171&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (1995). <i>Du tango au reggae: Musiques noires d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes</i>. Paris: Flammarion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2082108139" title="Special:BookSources/2082108139"><bdi>2082108139</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Du+tango+au+reggae%3A+Musiques+noires+d%27Am%C3%A9rique+latine+et+des+Cara%C3%AFbes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=2082108139&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (1997). "Du boogaloo à la salsa". In Gallimard (ed.). <i>La musique sud-américaine: rythmes et danses d'un continent</i>. Paris. pp. 82–85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-07-053391-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-07-053391-3"><bdi>2-07-053391-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Du+boogaloo+%C3%A0+la+salsa&rft.btitle=La+musique+sud-am%C3%A9ricaine%3A+rythmes+et+danses+d%27un+continent&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=82-85&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=2-07-053391-3&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (1998). "La salsa". In <a href="/wiki/Ediciones_Akal" title="Ediciones Akal">Ediciones Akal</a> (ed.). <i>Músicas del Caribe</i>. Madrid. pp. 107–108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-460-0894-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-460-0894-7"><bdi>84-460-0894-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+salsa&rft.btitle=M%C3%BAsicas+del+Caribe&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=107-108&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=84-460-0894-7&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (1998). "Du tango à la salsa: le bal sous influence latino-américaine". In Cité de la Musique (ed.). <i>Histoires de bal</i>. Paris. pp. 115–122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-906460-69-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-906460-69-9"><bdi>2-906460-69-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Du+tango+%C3%A0+la+salsa%3A+le+bal+sous+influence+latino-am%C3%A9ricaine&rft.btitle=Histoires+de+bal&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=115-122&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=2-906460-69-9&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (2000). "La salsa". In Editions Autrement (ed.). <i>Danses Latines</i>. Paris. pp. 113–123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7467-0118-9" title="Special:BookSources/2-7467-0118-9"><bdi>2-7467-0118-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+salsa&rft.btitle=Danses+Latines&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=113-123&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=2-7467-0118-9&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeymarie2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Leymarie" title="Isabelle Leymarie">Leymarie, Isabelle</a> (2002). <i>Cuban Fire: The Story of salsa and Latin jazz</i>. New York: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826455867" title="Special:BookSources/0826455867"><bdi>0826455867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuban+Fire%3A+The+Story+of+salsa+and+Latin+jazz&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0826455867&rft.aulast=Leymarie&rft.aufirst=Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatin+jazz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mauleón, Rebeca (1993). <i>Salsa Guidebook for Piano and Ensemble</i>. Petaluma, California: Sher Music. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9614701-9-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9614701-9-4">0-9614701-9-4</a>.</li> <li>Peñalosa, David (2009). <i>The Clave Matrix; Afro-Cuban Rhythm: Its Principles and African Origins</i>. Redway, CA: Bembe Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-886502-80-3">1-886502-80-3</a>.</li> <li>Roberts, John Storm (1999) <i>Latin Jazz.</i> New York: Schirmer Books.</li> <li>Wasaburne, Christopher.(2020) <i>Latin Jazz: The Other Jazz</i>, Oxford University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_jazz&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jazz" title="Template:Jazz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jazz" title="Template talk:Jazz"><abbr title="Discuss this 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<li><a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">Jam session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (jazz performance style)">Swing performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_bass" title="Jazz bass">Jazz bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">Jazz drumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_guitar" title="Jazz guitar">Jazz guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_horn_in_jazz" title="French horn in jazz">French horn in jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">Jazz piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_trombone" title="Jazz trombone">Jazz trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_violin" title="Jazz violin">Jazz violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_jazz" title="Vocal jazz">Vocal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_jazz" title="Women in jazz">Women in jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_genres" title="List of jazz genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Avant-garde jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-bop" title="Neo-bop">Neo-bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">Post-bop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_jazz" title="Chamber jazz">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">Cool jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_jazz" title="Gypsy jazz">Gypsy jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Base" title="M-Base">M-Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">Mainstream jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_jazz" title="Modal jazz">Modal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_jazz" title="Orchestral jazz">Orchestral jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_trio" title="Organ trio">Organ trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_jazz" title="Ska jazz">Ska jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_jazz" title="Soul jazz">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_jazz" title="Spiritual jazz">Spiritual jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_jazz" title="Sacred jazz">Sacred jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stride_(music)" title="Stride (music)">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">Swing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trad_jazz" title="Trad jazz">Trad jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians" title="List of jazz musicians">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_bassists" title="List of jazz bassists">Bassists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians#Clarinet" title="List of jazz musicians">Clarinetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_drummers" title="List of jazz drummers">Drummers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_guitarists" title="List of jazz guitarists">Guitarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_organists" title="List of jazz organists">Organists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_percussionists" title="List of jazz percussionists">Percussionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_pianists" title="List of jazz pianists">Pianists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_saxophonists" title="List of jazz saxophonists">Saxophonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vibraphonists" title="List of vibraphonists">Vibraphonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_violinists" title="List of jazz violinists">Violinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_vocalists" title="List of jazz vocalists">Vocalists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Musicians by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bebop_musicians" title="List of bebop musicians">Bebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chamber_jazz_musicians" title="List of chamber jazz musicians">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cool_jazz_and_West_Coast_jazz_musicians" title="List of cool jazz and West Coast jazz musicians">Cool jazz and West Coast jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hard_bop_musicians" title="List of hard bop musicians">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_fusion_musicians" title="List of jazz fusion musicians">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scat_singers" title="List of scat singers">Scat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smooth_jazz_musicians" title="List of smooth jazz musicians">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soul_jazz_musicians" title="List of soul jazz musicians">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swing_musicians" title="List of swing musicians">Swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">Standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1920s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1920s jazz standards">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1930s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1930s jazz standards">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1940s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1940s jazz standards">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-1950_jazz_standards" title="List of post-1950 jazz standards">post-1950</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Discographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Records" title="Bethlehem Records">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records_discography" title="Blue Note Records discography">Blue Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYG_Records" title="BYG Records">BYG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone_Records" title="Cobblestone Records">Cobblestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Records" title="Contemporary Records">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP-Disk" title="ESP-Disk">ESP-Disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman_Records" title="Flying Dutchman Records">Flying Dutchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Records" title="Freedom Records">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Merchant" title="Groove Merchant">Groove Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records_discography" title="Impulse! Records discography">Impulse!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Navigation" title="India Navigation">India Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMT_Records" title="JMT Records">JMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_Records" title="Landmark Records">Landmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Records" title="Mainstream Records">Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestone_Records_discography" title="Milestone Records discography">Milestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records_discography" title="MPS Records discography">MPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muse_Records" title="Muse Records">Muse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records_discography" title="Prestige Records discography">Prestige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records_discography" title="Riverside Records discography">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strata-East_Records" title="Strata-East Records">Strata-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Records_discography" title="Verve Records discography">Verve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_%26_Winter_Records" title="Winter & Winter Records">Winter & Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_festivals" title="List of jazz festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Beaches International Jazz Festival">Beaches (Toronto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Cape Town International Jazz Festival">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Jazz_Festival" title="Chicago Jazz Festival">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_International_Java_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lucia Jazz Festival">Saint Lucia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_contrafacts" title="List of jazz contrafacts">Contrafacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_institutions_and_organizations" title="List of jazz institutions and organizations">Institutions and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">Jazz funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_poetry" title="Jazz poetry">Jazz poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_royalty" title="Jazz royalty">Jazz royalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_harmony" title="Jazz harmony">Jazz theory</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Jazz_theory" title="Template:Jazz theory">See Template: Jazz theory</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_line_(parades)" title="Second line (parades)">Second line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_venues" title="List of jazz venues">Venues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethio-jazz" title="Ethio-jazz">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi#Malawian_jazz" title="Music of Malawi">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_jazz" title="South African jazz">South African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_jazz" title="Armenian jazz">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_jazz" title="Azerbaijani jazz">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_mugham" title="Jazz mugham">Jazz mugham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_India" title="Jazz in India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo_jazz" title="Indo jazz">Indo jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitar_in_jazz" title="Sitar in jazz">Sitar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_jazz" title="Balkan jazz">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_jazz" title="Bulgarian jazz">Bulgarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_jazz" title="Belgian jazz">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_jazz" title="British jazz">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Jazz in Czechoslovakia">Czech and Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_jazz" title="Danish jazz">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_jazz" title="Dutch jazz">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_free_jazz" title="European free jazz">European free jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_jazz" title="French jazz">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_jazz" title="German jazz">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_jazz" title="Italian jazz">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_jazz" title="Polish jazz">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_jazz" title="Swedish jazz">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">North American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_jazz" title="Canadian jazz">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-jazz" title="Mini-jazz">Haitian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Cuban</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="American" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Baltimore#Jazz" title="Music of Baltimore">Baltimore jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chicago#Jazz" title="Music of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_jazz" title="Kansas City jazz">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Orleans#Jazz" title="Music of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Blues_and_jazz" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington,_D.C.#Jazz" title="Music of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_jazz" title="West Coast jazz">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Oceanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_jazz" title="Australian jazz">Australian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">South American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jazz" title="Brazilian jazz">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latin American</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethno_jazz" title="Ethno jazz">Ethno jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_jazz" title="Bibliography of jazz">Bibliography of jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-ahead_jazz" title="Straight-ahead jazz">Straight-ahead jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s_in_jazz" title="1920s in jazz">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s_in_jazz" title="1930s in jazz">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s_in_jazz" title="1940s in jazz">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_jazz" title="1950s in jazz">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_jazz" title="1960s in jazz">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_jazz" title="1970s in jazz">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_jazz" title="1980s in jazz">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_jazz" title="1990s in jazz">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_jazz" title="2000s in jazz">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_jazz" title="2010s in jazz">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_jazz" title="2020 in jazz">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_jazz" title="2021 in jazz">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_jazz" title="2022 in jazz">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotica" title="Exotica">Exotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">Novelty ragtime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West African music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_covers_of_Blue_Note_Records" title="Album covers of Blue Note Records">Album covers of Blue Note Records</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bird_(1988_film)" title="Bird (1988 film)">Bird</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(miniseries)" title="Jazz (miniseries)"><i>Jazz</i> (miniseries)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Round_Midnight_(film)" title="Round Midnight (film)">Round Midnight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk:_Straight,_No_Chaser" title="Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser">Straight, No Chaser</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/15px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/23px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/30px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_in_Spanish" title="Template talk:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_in_Spanish" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music in Spanish"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_genres_in_the_Hispanosphere" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music genres in the <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanosphere</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnavalito" title="Carnavalito">Carnavalito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablada" title="Diablada">Diablada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenada" title="Morenada">Morenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saya_(art_form)" title="Saya (art form)">Saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Latin_music_(United_States)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amerisalsa" title="Template:Amerisalsa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amerisalsa" title="Template talk:Amerisalsa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amerisalsa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amerisalsa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_Latin_music_(United_States)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States" title="Latin American music in the United States">Latin music (United States)</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By decade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s-</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-eyed_soul" title="Brown-eyed soul">Brown-eyed soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo" title="Boogaloo">Boogaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuyorican_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuyorican rap">Nuyorican rap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano (Tex-Mex)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States" title="Latin American music in the United States">Article</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hispanic_American_music" title="Category:Hispanic American music">Category</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Latin_music" title="Women in Latin music">Women in Latin music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_soul" title="Latin soul">Soul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_punk" title="Latino punk">Punk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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