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Western Greater Poland dialect - Wikipedia

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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dialect of Polish spoken in Poland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Western Greater Polish dialect</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native&#160;to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Western Greater Poland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages" title="Balto-Slavic languages">Balto-Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Lechitic_languages" title="Lechitic languages">Lechitic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_dialect_group" title="Greater Poland dialect group">Greater Polish</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Western Greater Polish dialect</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>Western Greater Polish dialect</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">gwary zachodniowielkopolskie</i>) belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_dialect_group" title="Greater Poland dialect group">Greater Poland dialect group</a> and is located in the part of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. It borders the <a href="/wiki/New_mixed_dialects" title="New mixed dialects">new mixed dialects</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Greater Polish dialect">Northern Greater Polish dialect</a> to the far northeast, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Greater Polish dialect">Central Greater Polish dialect</a> to the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Greater Polish dialect">Southern Greater Polish dialect</a> to the far southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typical of Greater Polish dialects, voicing of word-final consonants before vowels and liquids is present in all the region. Also typical of Greater Polish dialects, masuration is not present, except in <a href="/wiki/Wiele%C5%84" title="Wieleń">Wieleń</a>, where the so-called “Wieleń Masurs” are, who have masuration. In reality, they are not true Masurians, but are just called this due to their dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common here, as to many other dialects of Greater Polish, is diphthongization of monopthongs, e.g. /ɔ/ &gt; /wɛ/. There is a strong tendency here to add -j after final -y, as in much of Greater Poland. Often -ył, -ił shift to -uł. Final -ej frequently shift to i (after soft consonants)/y (after hard consonants): liepi (lepiej).<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slanted_vowels">Slanted vowels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Slanted vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slanted á raises to o, slanted ó raises to u (as in Standard Polish), and there are a few cases where standard o raises ó. Slanted é raises to y after hard consonants and to i after soft consonants.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nasal_vowels">Nasal vowels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Nasal vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medial ą and ę decompose except before sibilants (as in Standard Polish). ą decompses to óN ę decomposes to yN after hard consonants and iN after soft. Word final -ą decomposes to -om, -óm and word final -ę denasalizes to -e. Common here is the dyphthongization of nasal vowels, especially final -ą to -óᵐ, or the decomposition of nasal vowels, as in Standard Polish. Liquids, especially nasals, frequently cause raising, so oN to óN and eN to yN after hard consonants and to iN after soft.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prothesis">Prothesis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Prothesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Labizalization of o to ô both initially and sometimes medially can be found here.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often ł is intervocalically, or sometimes ło, resulting in forms such as bya (była), or kowrotek (kołowortek). Reduction of doubled consonants is present: leki (lekki). l is sometimes softer: liekarz (lekarz). The group -stn- reduces to -sn-. kt- shifts to cht-, and chrz shifts to krz-.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inflection">Inflection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Inflection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few changes to Standard Polish infection can be see.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nouns">Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gerunds formed with -enie take -u for the genitive instead of -a, z wejrzyniu (z wejrzenia).<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives,_adverbs,_pronouns,_and_numerals"><span id="Adjectives.2C_adverbs.2C_pronouns.2C_and_numerals"></span>Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The comparative of adverbs is often -y due to sound changes.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbs">Verbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Past tense forms can be -uł as a result of sound changes: bułoᵉ (było).<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the vocabulary is typical for a Greater Polish dialect. Some of the vocabulary has been influenced by the Sorbian languages, as this was an old point of contact between the two lects.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word-Formation">Word-Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Word-Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western Greater Polish shows features typical of other Greater Polish dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nouns_2">Nouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>-yszek is the common diminuative noun forming suffix. Nominalization of adjectives is common here, listowy (instead of listonosz, ‘mailman’) and listowo (wife of a mailman).<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adjectives,_adverbs,_pronouns,_and_numerals_2"><span id="Adjectives.2C_adverbs.2C_pronouns.2C_and_numerals_2"></span>Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common way to form diminuative adjectives is with -itki. -yty/-ity are often used where -ysty/-ity might occur in Standard Polish.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verbs_2">Verbs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Verbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verbs are sometimes prefixed with o- (ô-) where in Standard Polish is often wy-.<sup id="cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_the_Polish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of the Polish language">Dialects of the Polish language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Languages of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Greater_Poland_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaraś2010" class="citation web cs1">Karaś, Halina (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=opis-dialektow&amp;l2=dialekt-wielkopolski&amp;l3=wielkopolska-zachodnia">"Wielkopolska zachodnia"</a>. <i>dialektologia.uw.edu.pl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=dialektologia.uw.edu.pl&amp;rft.atitle=Wielkopolska+zachodnia&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.aulast=Kara%C5%9B&amp;rft.aufirst=Halina&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl%2Findex.php%3Fl1%3Dopis-dialektow%26l2%3Ddialekt-wielkopolski%26l3%3Dwielkopolska-zachodnia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Greater+Poland+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaraś2010" class="citation web cs1">Karaś, Halina (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=opis-dialektow&amp;l2=dialekt-wielkopolski&amp;l3=wielkopolska-zachodnia">"Wielkopolska zachodnia"</a>. <i>dialektologia.uw.edu.pl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=dialektologia.uw.edu.pl&amp;rft.atitle=Wielkopolska+zachodnia&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.aulast=Kara%C5%9B&amp;rft.aufirst=Halina&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl%2Findex.php%3Fl1%3Dopis-dialektow%26l2%3Ddialekt-wielkopolski%26l3%3Dwielkopolska-zachodnia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Greater+Poland+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dialektologiagwararegionu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dialektologiagwararegionu_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSierociuk2010" class="citation web cs1">Sierociuk, Jerzy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl/index.php?l1=opis-dialektow&amp;l2=dialekt-wielkopolski&amp;l3=wielkopolska-zachodnia&amp;l4=wielkopolska-zach-gwara-regionu-mwr">"Gwara regionu Wielkopolska zachodnia"</a>. <i>dialektologia.uw.edu.pl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=dialektologia.uw.edu.pl&amp;rft.atitle=Gwara+regionu+Wielkopolska+zachodnia&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.aulast=Sierociuk&amp;rft.aufirst=Jerzy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl%2Findex.php%3Fl1%3Dopis-dialektow%26l2%3Ddialekt-wielkopolski%26l3%3Dwielkopolska-zachodnia%26l4%3Dwielkopolska-zach-gwara-regionu-mwr&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Greater+Poland+dialect" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_alphabet" title="Polish alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Sign_Language" title="Polish Sign Language">Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">Spelling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Polish_orthography" title="History of Polish orthography">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_grammar" title="Polish grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_morphology" title="Polish morphology">Morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Polish" title="Dialects of Polish">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_mixed_dialects" title="New mixed dialects">New mixed dialects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_dialect_group" title="Greater Poland dialect group">Greater Poland dialect group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kociewie_dialect" title="Kociewie dialect">Kociewie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bory_Tucholskie_dialect" title="Bory Tucholskie dialect">Bory Tucholskie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bydgoszcz dialect (page does not exist)">Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krajna_dialect" title="Krajna dialect">Krajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno-Dobrzy%C5%84_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chełmno-Dobrzyń dialect">Chełmno-Dobrzyń</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pozna%C5%84_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poznań dialect (page does not exist)">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyavian_dialect" title="Kuyavian dialect">Kujawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Greater Polish dialect">Northern Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Greater Polish dialect">Western Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Greater Polish dialect">Central Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Greater Polish dialect">Eastern Greater Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Greater_Polish_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Greater Polish dialect">Southern Greater Polish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Masovian_dialect_group" title="Masovian dialect group">Masovian dialect group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubawa_dialect" title="Lubawa dialect">Lubawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3da_dialect" title="Ostróda dialect">Ostróda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmia_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Warmia dialect">Warmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masurian_dialects" title="Masurian dialects">Masurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_dialect" title="Suwałki dialect">Suwałki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81owicz_dialect" title="Łowicz dialect">Łowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Mazovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Mazovian dialect">Near Mazovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Mazovian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Mazovian dialect">Far Mazovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurpie_dialect" title="Kurpie dialect">Kurpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podlachia_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlachia dialect">Podlachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_dialect" title="Białystok dialect">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_dialect" title="Warsaw dialect">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_dialect_group" title="Lesser Poland dialect group">Lesser Poland dialect group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99czyca_dialect" title="Łęczyca dialect">Łęczyca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradz_dialect" title="Sieradz dialect">Sieradz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masovian_Borderland_dialect" title="Masovian Borderland dialect">Masovian Borderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielce_dialect" title="Kielce dialect">Kielce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Kraków dialect">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasovia_dialect" title="Lasovia dialect">Lasovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Krakow_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Krakow dialect">Eastern Krakow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podegrodzie_dialect" title="Podegrodzie dialect">Podegrodzie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limanowa_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limanowa dialect (page does not exist)">Limanowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Lublin_dialect" title="Western Lublin dialect">Western Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lublin_dialect" title="Eastern Lublin dialect">Eastern Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl_dialect" title="Przemyśl dialect">Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Lwów dialect">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biecz_dialect" title="Biecz dialect">Biecz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goral_ethnolect" title="Goral ethnolect">Goral ethnolect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBywiec_dialect" title="Żywiec dialect">Żywiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orawa_dialect" title="Orawa dialect">Orawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podhale_dialect" title="Podhale dialect">Podhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spisz_dialect" title="Spisz dialect">Spisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babia_G%C3%B3ra_dialect" title="Babia Góra dialect">Babia Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliszczak_dialect" title="Kliszczak dialect">Kliszczak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieniny_dialect" title="Pieniny dialect">Pieniny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%85cko_dialect" title="Łącko dialect">Łącko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piwniczna_dialect" title="Piwniczna dialect">Piwniczna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zag%C3%B3rze_dialect" title="Zagórze dialect">Zagórze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kysuce_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kysuce dialect (page does not exist)">Kysuce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ochotnica_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ochotnica dialect (page does not exist)">Ochotnica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liptov_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liptov dialect (page does not exist)">Liptov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Borderlands_dialect" title="Northern Borderlands dialect">Northern Borderlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Borderlands_dialect" title="Southern Borderlands dialect">Southern Borderlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Lwów dialect">Lwów</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bydgoszcz_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bydgoszcz dialect (page does not exist)">Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Kraków dialect">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_dialect" title="Lwów dialect">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pozna%C5%84_dialect&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Poznań dialect (page does not exist)">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_dialect" title="Warsaw dialect">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5c59558b9d‐4blms Cached time: 20241130092234 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.383 seconds Real time usage: 0.470 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 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