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<span>Terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiragana_and_katakana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiragana_and_katakana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hiragana and katakana</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hiragana_and_katakana-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hiragana and katakana subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hiragana_and_katakana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Diacritics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digraphs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digraphs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Digraphs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digraphs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Kana</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="كانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF)" title="কানা (জাপানি লিপি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কানা (জাপানি লিপি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кана – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(p%C3%ADsmo)" title="Kana (písmo) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kana (písmo)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(skriftsystem)" title="Kana (skriftsystem) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kana (skriftsystem)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanische_Schrift#Kana" title="Japanische Schrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japanische Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(kiri)" title="Kana (kiri) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kana (kiri)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(japoniera)" title="Kana (japoniera) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kana (japoniera)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کانا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%82%98_(%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90)" title="가나 (문자) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가나 (문자)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF)" title="काना (लिपि) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काना (लिपि)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(pismo)" title="Kana (pismo) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kana (pismo)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_kana" title="Aksara kana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara kana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ponslakyle%27u" title="ponslakyle'u – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ponslakyle'u" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(soratra)" title="Kana (soratra) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kana (soratra)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Kana" title="Tulisan Kana – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Kana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81-mi%C3%A0ng" title="Gā-miàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gā-miàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%94" title="ခန – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခန" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(Japans)" title="Kana (Japans) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kana (Japans)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="仮名 (文字) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仮名 (文字)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(yapon_alifbosi)" title="Kana (yapon alifbosi) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kana (yapon alifbosi)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(pismo)" title="Kana (pismo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kana (pismo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(p%C3%ADsma)" title="Kana (písma) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kana (písma)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کانا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(pismo)" title="Kana (pismo) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kana (pismo)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(kirjoitusj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4)" title="Kana (kirjoitusjärjestelmä) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kana (kirjoitusjärjestelmä)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana_(skriftsystem)" title="Kana (skriftsystem) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kana (skriftsystem)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B0" title="คานะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คานะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D2%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3)" title="Кана (ҷопонӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кана (ҷопонӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana" title="Kana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="假名 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="假名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="假名 (文字)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huruf_Kana" title="Huruf Kana – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Huruf Kana" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" 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width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese syllabic writing systems</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kana_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kana (disambiguation)">Kana (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:pink;">Kana<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabary</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800 CE</span> to the present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Vertical right-to-left, left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187659?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_language" title="Hachijō language">Hachijō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_script" title="Clerical script">Clerical script</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_script" title="Regular script">Regular script</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>)<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Kana</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Hrkt</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">(412)</span>, Japanese syllabaries (alias for Hiragana + Katakana)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Katakana or Hiragana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3040.pdf">U+3040 – U+309F</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Hiragana</span></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U30A0.pdf">U+30A0 – U+30FF</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">Katakana</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245169151">.mw-parser-output .jawriting-sidebar{width:20em}.mw-parser-output .jawriting-header{border-top:1px solid #aaa}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks jawriting-sidebar hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9B%B8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese writing"><img alt="Japanese writing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/75px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/113px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/150px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_order" title="Stroke order">Stroke order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_Japanese_kanji_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of Japanese kanji radicals">Radicals</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">Jōyō kanji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="List of jōyō kanji">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji" title="Kyōiku kanji">Kyōiku kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">Tōyō kanji</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji">Jinmeiyō kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgai_kanji" title="Hyōgai kanji">Hyōgai kanji</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kana</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">Gojūon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_typographic_symbols" title="List of Japanese typographic symbols">Typographic symbols</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark#Japanese" title="Iteration mark">Iteration mark</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Uses</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Syllabograms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Braille</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Transliteration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Rōmaji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">Kunrei-shiki</a> / ISO 3602 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki_romanization" title="Nihon-shiki romanization">Nihon-shiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSL_romanization" title="JSL romanization">JSL</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">Wāpuro</a> (keyboard input)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Cyrillization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polivanov_system" title="Polivanov system">Polivanov system</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_writing" title="Template:Japanese writing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_writing" title="Template talk:Japanese writing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_writing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese writing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Kana</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:仮名">仮名</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Japanese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[kana]</a></span>)</span> are <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabaries</a> used to write <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonological</a> units, <a href="/wiki/Mora_(linguistics)" title="Mora (linguistics)">morae</a>. In current usage, <i>kana</i> most commonly refers to <i><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a></i>. It can also refer to their ancestor <i><b>magana</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">真仮名</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'true kana')</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-daijirin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daijirin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Chinese characters</a> used phonetically to transcribe <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">man'yōgana</a></i>); and <i><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">hentaigana</a></i>, which are historical variants of the now-standard hiragana. </p><p>Katakana, with a few additions, are also used to write <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_scripts" title="Okinawan scripts">number of systems</a> exist to write the <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%ABan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryūkyūan languages">Ryūkyūan languages</a>, in particular <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a>, in hiragana. <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_kana" title="Taiwanese kana">Taiwanese kana</a> were used in <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ruby_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby text">ruby text</a> for Chinese characters in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> when it was <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">under Japanese rule</a>. </p><p>Each <a href="/wiki/Syllabogram" title="Syllabogram">kana character</a> corresponds to one phoneme or syllable, unlike <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>, which generally each <a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">corresponds to a morpheme</a>. Apart from the five vowels, it is always CV (consonant <a href="/wiki/Syllable_onset" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable onset">onset</a> with vowel <a href="/wiki/Syllable_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable nucleus">nucleus</a>), such as <i>ka</i>, <i>ki</i>, <i>sa</i>, <i>shi</i>, etc., with the sole exception of the C grapheme for <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal</a> <a href="/wiki/Syllable_coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllable coda">codas</a> usually romanised as <i>n</i>. The structure has led some scholars to label the system <i><a href="/wiki/Mora_(linguistics)" title="Mora (linguistics)">moraic</a></i>, instead of <i>syllabic</i>, because it requires the combination of two syllabograms to represent a CVC syllable with coda (e.g. CV<i>n</i>, CV<i>m</i>, CV<i>ng</i>), a CVV syllable with complex nucleus (i.e. multiple or expressively long vowels), or a CCV syllable with complex onset (i.e. including a <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">glide</a>, C<i>y</i>V, C<i>w</i>V). </p><p>The limited number of <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a> in Japanese, as well as the relatively rigid syllable structure, makes the kana system a very accurate representation of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">spoken Japanese</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>'Kana' is a compound of <i>kari</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仮</span></span>, 'borrowed; assumed; false')</span> and <i>na</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">名</span></span>, 'name')</span>, which eventually collapsed into <i>kanna</i> and ultimately 'kana'.<sup id="cite_ref-daijirin_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daijirin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today it is generally assumed that 'kana' were considered "false" kanji due to their purely phonetic nature, as opposed to <i>mana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:真名">真名</a></span></span>)</span> which were "true" kanji used for their meanings. Yet originally, <i>mana</i> and <i>kana</i> were purely calligraphic terms with <i>mana</i> referring to Chinese characters written in the <a href="/wiki/Regular_script" title="Regular script">regular script</a> (<i>kaisho</i>) and <i>kana</i> referring to those written in the <a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">cursive</a> (<i>sōsho</i>) style (see <i><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a></i>). It was not until the 18th century that the early-nationalist <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">kokugaku</a></i></span> movement which wanted to move away from <a href="/wiki/Sinocentrism" title="Sinocentrism">Sinocentric</a> academia began to reanalyze the script from a phonological point of view.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following centuries, contrary to the traditional Sinocentric view, <i>kana</i> began to be considered a national Japanese writing system that was distinct from Chinese characters, which is the dominant view today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms">Terms</h2></div> <p>Although the term 'kana' is now commonly understood as hiragana and katakana, it actually has broader application as listed below:<sup id="cite_ref-daijirin_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daijirin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Kana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仮名</span></span>, false name)</span> or <i>kana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仮字</span></span>, false character)</span>: a <a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">syllabary</a>. <ul><li><i>Magana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">真仮名</span></span>, true kana)</span> or <i>otokogana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">男仮名</span></span>, men's kana)</span>: phonetic <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> used as syllabary characters, historically used by men (who were more educated). <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">万葉仮名</span></span>, kana used in the <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Man'yōshū">Man'yōshū</a></i></span>)</span>: the most prominent system of magana. <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">草仮名</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">sloppy</a> kana)</span>: cursive man'yōgana. <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">平仮名</span></span>, flat kana)</span>, <i>onnagana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">女仮名</span></span>, women's kana)</span>, <i>onnamoji</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">女文字</span></span>, women's script)</span>, <i>onnade</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">女手</span></span>, women's hands)</span> or <i>irohagana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">伊呂波仮名</span></span>)</span>: a syllabary derived from simplified sōgana, historically used by women (who were less educated), historically sorted in <i><a href="/wiki/Iroha" title="Iroha">Iroha</a></i> order. <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">変体仮名</span></span>, variant kana)</span> or <i>itaigana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">異体仮名</span></span>)</span>: obsolete variants of hiragana.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">片仮名</span></span>, fragmented kana)</span> or <i>gojūongana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">五十音仮名</span></span>, fifty-sound kana)</span>: a syllabary derived by using bits of characters in man'yōgana, historically sorted in <i><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a></i> order.</li> <li><i>Yamatogana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大和仮名</span></span>, Yamato's kana)</span>: hiragana and katakana, as opposed to kanji.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ongana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">音仮名</span></span>, sound kana)</span>: magana for transcribing Japanese words, using, strict or loose, Chinese-derived readings (<i><a href="/wiki/On%27yomi" title="On'yomi">on'yomi</a></i>). For example, <i>yama</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">山</span></span>, mountain)</span> would be spelt as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">也末</span></span>, with two magana with on'yomi for <i>ya</i> and <i>ma</i>; likewise, <i>hito</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">人</span></span>, human)</span> spelt as 比登 for <i>hi</i> and <i>to</i>.</li> <li><i>Kungana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">訓仮名</span></span>, learned kana)</span>: magana for transcribing Japanese words, using <a href="/wiki/Wago" title="Wago">native words</a> ascribed to kanji (native "readings" or <i><a href="/wiki/Kun%27yomi" title="Kun'yomi">kun'yomi</a></i>). For example, <i>Yamato</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大和</span></span>)</span> would be spelt as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">八間跡</span></span>, with three magana with kun'yomi for <i>ya</i>, <i>ma</i> and <i>to</i>; likewise, <i>natsukashi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">懐かし</span></span>, evoking nostalgia)</span> spelt as 夏樫 for <i>natsu</i> and <i>kashi</i>.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Mana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">真名</span></span>, true name)</span>, <i>mana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">真字</span></span>, true character)</span>, <i>otokomoji</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">男文字</span></span>, men's script)</span> or <i>otokode</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">男手</span></span>, men's hands)</span>: kanji used for meanings, historically used by men (who were more educated).</li> <li><i>Shinkatakana</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">真片仮名</span></span>, mana and katakana)</span>: mixed script including only kanji and katakana.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hiragana_and_katakana">Hiragana and katakana</h2></div> <p>The following table reads, in <a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a> order, as <i>a</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>u</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>o</i> (down first column), then <i>ka</i>, <i>ki</i>, <i>ku</i>, <i>ke</i>, <i>ko</i> (down second column), and so on. <i>n</i> appears on its own at the end. Asterisks mark unused combinations. </p> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Japanese kana: <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> (right)<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/File:Kana_chart_1.png" title="File:Kana chart 1.png">Image of this table</a>)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th title="single vowels">– </th> <th><i>k</i> </th> <th><i>s</i> </th> <th><i>t</i> </th> <th><i>n</i> </th> <th><i>h</i> </th> <th><i>m</i> </th> <th><i>y</i> </th> <th><i>r</i> </th> <th><i>w</i> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>a</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/A_(kana)" title="A (kana)"><span class="nowrap">あア</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(kana)" title="Ka (kana)"><span class="nowrap">かカ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sa_(kana)" title="Sa (kana)"><span class="nowrap">さサ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta_(kana)" title="Ta (kana)"><span class="nowrap">たタ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Na_(kana)" title="Na (kana)"><span class="nowrap">なナ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ha_(kana)" title="Ha (kana)"><span class="nowrap">はハ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ma_(kana)" title="Ma (kana)"><span class="nowrap">まマ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(kana)" title="Ya (kana)"><span class="nowrap">やヤ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ra_(kana)" title="Ra (kana)"><span class="nowrap">らラ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wa_(kana)" title="Wa (kana)"><span class="nowrap">わワ</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>i</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/I_(kana)" title="I (kana)"><span class="nowrap">いイ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ki_(kana)" title="Ki (kana)"><span class="nowrap">きキ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shi_(kana)" title="Shi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">しシ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chi_(kana)" title="Chi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ちチ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ni_(kana)" title="Ni (kana)"><span class="nowrap">にニ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hi_(kana)" title="Hi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ひヒ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mi_(kana)" title="Mi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">みミ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yi_(kana)" title="Yi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">𛀆𛄠</span></a>* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ri_(kana)" title="Ri (kana)"><span class="nowrap">りリ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wi_(kana)" title="Wi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ゐヰ</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>u</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/U_(kana)" title="U (kana)"><span class="nowrap">うウ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ku_(kana)" title="Ku (kana)"><span class="nowrap">くク</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Su_(kana)" title="Su (kana)"><span class="nowrap">すス</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsu_(kana)" title="Tsu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">つツ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nu_(kana)" title="Nu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぬヌ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fu_(kana)" title="Fu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ふフ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mu_(kana)" title="Mu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">むム</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(kana)" title="Yu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ゆユ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ru_(kana)" title="Ru (kana)"><span class="nowrap">るル</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wu_(kana)" title="Wu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">𛄟𛄢</span></a>* </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>e</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/E_(kana)" title="E (kana)"><span class="nowrap">えエ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ke_(kana)" title="Ke (kana)"><span class="nowrap">けケ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se_(kana)" title="Se (kana)"><span class="nowrap">せセ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(kana)" title="Te (kana)"><span class="nowrap">てテ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ne_(kana)" title="Ne (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ねネ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/He_(kana)" title="He (kana)"><span class="nowrap">へヘ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Me_(kana)" title="Me (kana)"><span class="nowrap">めメ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ye_(kana)" title="Ye (kana)"><span class="nowrap">𛀁𛄡</span></a>* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Re_(kana)" title="Re (kana)"><span class="nowrap">れレ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/We_(kana)" title="We (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ゑヱ</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>o</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/O_(kana)" title="O (kana)"><span class="nowrap">おオ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ko_(kana)" title="Ko (kana)"><span class="nowrap">こコ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/So_(kana)" title="So (kana)"><span class="nowrap">そソ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/To_(kana)" title="To (kana)"><span class="nowrap">とト</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/No_(kana)" title="No (kana)"><span class="nowrap">のノ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho_(kana)" title="Ho (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ほホ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mo_(kana)" title="Mo (kana)"><span class="nowrap">もモ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yo_(kana)" title="Yo (kana)"><span class="nowrap">よヨ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ro_(kana)" title="Ro (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ろロ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wo_(kana)" title="Wo (kana)"><span class="nowrap">をヲ</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> <br /><small> </small> </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; font-size:2em"> <td><a href="/wiki/N_(kana)" title="N (kana)"><span class="nowrap">んン</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>(<i>n</i>)</b> </th></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>There are presently no kana for <i>ye</i>, <i>yi</i> or <i>wu</i>, as corresponding syllables do not occur natively in modern Japanese. <ul><li>The <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɛ]</span> (<i>ye</i>) sound is believed to have existed in pre-Classical Japanese, mostly before the advent of kana, and can be represented by the <a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">man'yōgana</a> kanji 江.<sup id="cite_ref-yeseely_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeseely-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yeslj_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeslj-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was an archaic Hiragana (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𛀁"><img alt="𛀁" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg/14px-Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg/21px-Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg/28px-Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="463" /></a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-katou_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katou-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> derived from the <a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">man'yōgana</a> <i>ye</i> kanji 江,<sup id="cite_ref-yeseely_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeseely-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is encoded into Unicode at code point U+1B001 (𛀁),<sup id="cite_ref-yeunicode_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeunicode-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is not widely supported. It is believed that <i>e</i> and <i>ye</i> first merged to <i>ye</i> before shifting back to <i>e</i> during the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yeslj_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeslj-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As demonstrated by 17th century-era European sources, the syllable <i>we</i> (ゑ・ヱ ) also came to be pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɛ]</span> (<i>ye</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If necessary, the modern orthography allows [je] (<i>ye</i>) to be written as いぇ (イェ),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this usage is limited and nonstandard.</li> <li>The modern Katakana <i>e</i>, エ, derives from the man'yōgana 江, originally pronounced <i>ye</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-katou_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katou-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a "Katakana letter Archaic E" (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_Japanese_Katakana_Old_E.png" class="mw-file-description" title="𛀀"><img alt="𛀀" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Unicode_Japanese_Katakana_Old_E.png/14px-Unicode_Japanese_Katakana_Old_E.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Unicode_Japanese_Katakana_Old_E.png/21px-Unicode_Japanese_Katakana_Old_E.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Unicode_Japanese_Katakana_Old_E.png/28px-Unicode_Japanese_Katakana_Old_E.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450" /></a></span>) derived from the man'yōgana 衣 (<i>e</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-katou_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katou-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is encoded into Unicode at code point U+1B000 (𛀀),<sup id="cite_ref-yeunicode_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeunicode-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to being used for that purpose in scholarly works on classical Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-katou2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-katou2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some <a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a> tables published during the 19th century list additional Katakana in the <i>ye</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katakana_obsolete_ye.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𛄡"><img alt="𛄡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Katakana_obsolete_ye.svg/20px-Katakana_obsolete_ye.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Katakana_obsolete_ye.svg/40px-Katakana_obsolete_ye.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>), <i>wu</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katakana_obsolete_wu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𛄢"><img alt="𛄢" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Katakana_obsolete_wu.svg/14px-Katakana_obsolete_wu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Katakana_obsolete_wu.svg/21px-Katakana_obsolete_wu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Katakana_obsolete_wu.svg/28px-Katakana_obsolete_wu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>) and <i>yi</i> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katakana_obsolete_yi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𛄠"><img alt="𛄠" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Katakana_obsolete_yi.svg/14px-Katakana_obsolete_yi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Katakana_obsolete_yi.svg/21px-Katakana_obsolete_yi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Katakana_obsolete_yi.svg/28px-Katakana_obsolete_yi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>) positions.<sup id="cite_ref-itikun_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itikun-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are not presently used, and the latter two sounds never existed in Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-yeslj_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yeslj-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were added to Unicode in version 14.0 in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sources also list <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiragana_I_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𛀆"><img alt="𛀆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hiragana_I_01.svg/14px-Hiragana_I_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hiragana_I_01.svg/21px-Hiragana_I_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hiragana_I_01.svg/28px-Hiragana_I_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> (Unicode U+1B006, 𛀆) in the Hiragana <i>yi</i> position, and <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𛀁"><img alt="𛀁" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg/14px-Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg/21px-Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg/28px-Unicode_Japanese_Hiragana_Ye.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="463" /></a></span> in the <i>ye</i> position.<sup id="cite_ref-itikun_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itikun-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Although removed from the standard orthography with the <i>gendai kanazukai</i> reforms, <i>wi</i> and <i>we</i> still see stylistic use, as in ウヰスキー for <i>whisky</i> and ヱビス or ゑびす for Japanese kami <a href="/wiki/Ebisu_(mythology)" title="Ebisu (mythology)">Ebisu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yebisu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yebisu">Yebisu</a>, a brand of beer named after Ebisu. Hiragana <i>wi</i> and <i>we</i> are preserved in certain <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_scripts" title="Okinawan scripts">Okinawan scripts</a>, while katakana <i>wi</i> and <i>we</i> are preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu language</a>.</li> <li><i>wo</i> is preserved only as the <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">particle</a>, normally occurring only in hiragana.</li> <li><i>si</i>, <i>ti</i>, <i>tu</i>, <i>hu</i>, <i>wi</i>, <i>we</i> and <i>wo</i> are usually romanized respectively as <i>shi</i>, <i>chi</i>, <i>tsu</i>, <i>fu</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>e</i> and <i>o</i> instead, according to contemporary pronunciation.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon">sokuon</a> or small <i>tsu</i> (っ/ッ) indicates <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">gemination</a> and is romanized by repeating the following consonant. For example, って is romanized <i>tte</i> (exception: っち becomes <i>tchi</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diacritics">Diacritics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten" title="Dakuten and handakuten">Dakuten and handakuten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Don" title="Yōon">Yōon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography" title="Historical kana orthography">Historical kana orthography</a></div> <p>Syllables beginning with the voiced consonants [g], [z], [d] and [b] are spelled with kana from the corresponding unvoiced columns (<i>k</i>, <i>s</i>, <i>t</i> and <i>h</i>) and the voicing mark, <i><a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten" title="Dakuten and handakuten">dakuten</a></i>. Syllables beginning with [p] are spelled with kana from the <i>h</i> column and the half-voicing mark, <i><a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten" title="Dakuten and handakuten">handakuten</a></i>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Dakuten diacritic marks, <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> (right) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><i>g</i> </th> <th><i>z</i> </th> <th><i>d</i> </th> <th><i>b</i> </th> <th><i>p</i> </th> <th><i>ng</i> </th> <th><i>nz</i> </th> <th><i>nd</i> </th> <th><i>l</i> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>a</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(kana)" title="Ka (kana)"><span class="nowrap">がガ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sa_(kana)" title="Sa (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ざザ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta_(kana)" title="Ta (kana)"><span class="nowrap">だダ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ha_(kana)" title="Ha (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ばバ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ha_(kana)" title="Ha (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぱパ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(kana)" title="Ka (kana)"><span class="nowrap">か゚カ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sa_(kana)" title="Sa (kana)"><span class="nowrap">さ゚サ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ta_(kana)" title="Ta (kana)"><span class="nowrap">た゚タ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ra_(kana)" title="Ra (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ら゚ラ゚</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>i</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ki_(kana)" title="Ki (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぎギ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shi_(kana)" title="Shi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">じジ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chi_(kana)" title="Chi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぢヂ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hi_(kana)" title="Hi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">びビ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hi_(kana)" title="Hi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぴピ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ki_(kana)" title="Ki (kana)"><span class="nowrap">き゚キ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shi_(kana)" title="Shi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">し゚シ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chi_(kana)" title="Chi (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ち゚チ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ri_(kana)" title="Ri (kana)"><span class="nowrap">り゚リ゚</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>u</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ku_(kana)" title="Ku (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぐグ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Su_(kana)" title="Su (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ずズ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsu_(kana)" title="Tsu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">づヅ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fu_(kana)" title="Fu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぶブ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fu_(kana)" title="Fu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぷプ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ku_(kana)" title="Ku (kana)"><span class="nowrap">く゚ク゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Su_(kana)" title="Su (kana)"><span class="nowrap">す゚ス゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tsu_(kana)" title="Tsu (kana)"><span class="nowrap">つ゚ツ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ru_(kana)" title="Ru (kana)"><span class="nowrap">る゚ル゚</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>e</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ke_(kana)" title="Ke (kana)"><span class="nowrap">げゲ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se_(kana)" title="Se (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぜゼ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(kana)" title="Te (kana)"><span class="nowrap">でデ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/He_(kana)" title="He (kana)"><span class="nowrap">べベ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/He_(kana)" title="He (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぺペ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ke_(kana)" title="Ke (kana)"><span class="nowrap">け゚ケ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Se_(kana)" title="Se (kana)"><span class="nowrap">せ゚セ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_(kana)" title="Te (kana)"><span class="nowrap">て゚テ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Re_(kana)" title="Re (kana)"><span class="nowrap">れ゚レ゚</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>o</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ko_(kana)" title="Ko (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ごゴ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/So_(kana)" title="So (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぞゾ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/To_(kana)" title="To (kana)"><span class="nowrap">どド</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho_(kana)" title="Ho (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぼボ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho_(kana)" title="Ho (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ぽポ</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ko_(kana)" title="Ko (kana)"><span class="nowrap">こ゚コ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/So_(kana)" title="So (kana)"><span class="nowrap">そ゚ソ゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/To_(kana)" title="To (kana)"><span class="nowrap">と゚ト゚</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ro_(kana)" title="Ro (kana)"><span class="nowrap">ろ゚ロ゚</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Note that the か゚, ら゚ and the remaining entries in the two rightmost columns, though they exist, <a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten#Phonetic_shifts" title="Dakuten and handakuten">are not used in standard Japanese orthography</a>.</li> <li><i>zi</i>, <i>di</i>, and <i>du</i> are often transcribed into English as <i>ji</i>, <i>ji</i>, and <i>zu</i> instead, respectively, according to contemporary pronunciation.</li> <li>Usually, [va], [vi], [vu], [ve], [vo] are represented respectively by バ[ba], ビ[bi], ブ[bu], ベ[be], and ボ[bo], for example, in loanwords such as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:バイオリン">バイオリン</a> (<i>baiorin</i> "violin"), but (less usually) the distinction can be preserved by using [w-] with voicing marks or by using [wu] and a vowel kana, as in ヴァ(ヷ), ヴィ(ヸ), ヴ, ヴェ(ヹ), and ヴォ(ヺ). Note that ヴ did not have a JIS-encoded Hiragana form (ゔ) until <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a>, meaning that many <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> flavours (including <a href="/wiki/Windows-31J" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows-31J">the Windows and HTML5 version</a>) can only represent it as a katakana, although <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> supports both.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digraphs">Digraphs</h3></div> <p>Syllables beginning with <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> consonants are spelled with one of the seven <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> kana from the <i>i</i> row followed by small <i>ya</i>, <i>yu</i> or <i>yo</i>. These <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a> are called <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Don" title="Yōon">yōon</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Yōon digraphs, <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><i>k</i> </th> <th><i>s</i> </th> <th><i>t</i> </th> <th><i>n</i> </th> <th><i>h</i> </th> <th><i>m</i> </th> <th><i>r</i> </th> <th><i>w</i> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>ya</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="きゃ">きゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="しゃ">しゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ちゃ">ちゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="にゃ">にゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ひゃ">ひゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="みゃ">みゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="りゃ">りゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐゃ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>yu</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="きゅ">きゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="しゅ">しゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ちゅ">ちゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="にゅ">にゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ひゅ">ひゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="みゅ">みゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="りゅ">りゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐゅ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>yo</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="きょ">きょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="しょ">しょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ちょ">ちょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="にょ">にょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B2%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ひょ">ひょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="みょ">みょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="りょ">りょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ゐ">ゐょ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>There are no digraphs for the <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">semivowel</a> <i>y</i> and <i>w</i> columns.</li> <li>The digraphs are usually transcribed with three letters, leaving out the <i>i</i>: C<i>y</i>V. For example, きゃ is transcribed as <i>kya</i> to distinguish it from the two-kana きや, <i>kiya</i>.</li> <li><i>si</i>+<i>y</i>* and <i>ti</i>+<i>y</i>* are often transcribed <i>sh*</i> and <i>ch*</i> instead of <i>sy*</i> and <i>ty*</i>. For example, しゃ is transcribed as <i>sha</i>, and ちゅ is transcribed as <i>chu</i>.</li> <li>In earlier Japanese, digraphs could also be formed with <i>w</i>-kana. Although obsolete in modern Japanese, the digraphs くゎ (/kʷa/) and くゐ/くうぃ(/kʷi/), are preserved in certain Okinawan orthographies. In addition, the kana え can be used in Okinawan to form the digraph くぇ, which represents the /kʷe/ sound.</li> <li>In loanwords, digraphs with a small <i>e</i>-kana <a href="/wiki/Katakana#Extended_katakana" title="Katakana">can be formed</a>. For example, キェ (or きぇ in hiragana), which is transcribed as <i>kye</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Yōon digraphs, hiragana </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><i>g</i> </th> <th><i>z</i> </th> <th><i>d</i> </th> <th><i>b</i> </th> <th><i>p</i> </th> <th><i>ng</i> </th> <th><i>nz</i> </th> <th><i>nd</i> </th> <th><i>l</i> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>ya</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ぎゃ">ぎゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="じゃ">じゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A2%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ぢゃ">ぢゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B3%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="びゃ">びゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ぴゃ">ぴゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%9A%E3%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="き゚ゃ">き゚ゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97" class="mw-redirect" title="し">し゚ゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ち">ち゚ゃ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="り">り゚ゃ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>yu</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ぎゅ">ぎゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="じゅ">じゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A2%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ぢゅ">ぢゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B3%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="びゅ">びゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="ぴゅ">ぴゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%9A%E3%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="き゚ゅ">き゚ゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97" class="mw-redirect" title="し">し゚ゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ち">ち゚ゅ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="り">り゚ゅ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:2em"> <th style="font-size:0.5em"><i>yo</i> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8E%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ぎょ">ぎょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="じょ">じょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A2%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ぢょ">ぢょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B3%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="びょ">びょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ぴょ">ぴょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%8D%E3%82%9A%E3%82%87" class="mw-redirect" title="き゚ょ">き゚ょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%97" class="mw-redirect" title="し">し゚ょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%81%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ち">ち゚ょ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="り">り゚ょ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Note that the き゚ゃ, き゚ゅ and remaining entries in the rightmost column, though they exist, <a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten#Phonetic_shifts" title="Dakuten and handakuten">are not used in standard Japanese orthography</a>.</li> <li><i>zi</i>+<i>y</i>* and <i>di</i>+<i>y</i>* are often transcribed <i>j*</i> instead of <i>zy*</i> and <i>dy*</i>, according to contemporary pronunciation. The form <a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji#Spelling_conventions" title="Wāpuro rōmaji"><i>jy*</i></a> is also used in some cases.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></div> <p>The difference in usage between hiragana and katakana is stylistic. Usually, hiragana is the default syllabary, and katakana is used in certain special cases. Hiragana is used to write native Japanese words with no <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a> representation (or whose kanji is thought obscure or difficult), as well as grammatical elements such as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">particles</a> and inflections (<a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">okurigana</a>). Today katakana is most commonly used to write words of foreign origin that do not have kanji representations, as well as foreign personal and place names. Katakana is also used to represent <a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">onomatopoeia</a> and interjections, emphasis, technical and scientific terms, transcriptions of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Japanese vocabulary">Sino-Japanese</a> readings of kanji, and some corporate branding. </p><p>Kana can be written in small form above or next to lesser-known kanji in order to show pronunciation; this is called <a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">furigana</a>. Furigana is used most widely in children's or learners' books. Literature for young children who do not yet know kanji may dispense with it altogether and instead use hiragana combined with spaces. </p><p>Systems supporting only a limited set of characters, such as <a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun code</a> for <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> telegrams and <a href="/wiki/SBCS" title="SBCS">single-byte</a> digital <a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encodings</a> such as <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a> or <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC#Single-byte_codes" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">EBCDIK</a>, likewise dispense with kanji, instead using only katakana. This is not necessary in systems supporting <a href="/wiki/Double-byte_character_set" title="Double-byte character set">double-byte</a> or <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-width</a> encodings such as <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a>, <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> or <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FlowRoot3824.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/FlowRoot3824.svg/300px-FlowRoot3824.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/FlowRoot3824.svg/450px-FlowRoot3824.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/FlowRoot3824.svg/600px-FlowRoot3824.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1743" /></a><figcaption>Development of hiragana and katakana</figcaption></figure> <p>Old Japanese was written entirely in kanji, and a set of kanji called <i><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">man'yōgana</a></i> were first used to represent the phonetic values of grammatical particles and morphemes. As there was no consistent method of sound representation, a phoneme could be represented by multiple kanji, and even those kana's pronunciations differed in whether they were to be read as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kun%27yomi" title="Kun'yomi">kungana</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">訓仮名</span></span>, "meaning kana")</span> or <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/On%27yomi" title="On'yomi">ongana</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">音仮名</span></span>, "sound kana")</span>, making decipherment problematic. The <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Man'yōshū">man'yōshū</a></i></span>, a poetry anthology assembled sometime after 759 and the eponym of <i>man'yōgana</i>, exemplifies this phenomenon, where as many as almost twenty kanji were used for the mora <i>ka</i>. The consistency of the kana used was thus dependent on the style of the writer. <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> developed as a distinct script from <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">cursive <i>man'yōgana</i></a>, whereas <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> developed from abbreviated parts of <a href="/wiki/Regular_script" title="Regular script">regular script</a> <i>man'yōgana</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Gloss_(annotation)" title="Gloss (annotation)">glossing</a> system to add readings or explanations to Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>. Both of these systems were simplified to make writing easier. The shapes of many hiragana resembled the <a href="/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)" title="Cursive script (East Asia)">Chinese cursive script</a>, as did those of many katakana the Korean <i><a href="/wiki/Gugyeol" title="Gugyeol">gugyeol</a></i>, suggesting that the Japanese followed the continental pattern of their neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-Frellesvig_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frellesvig-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kana is traditionally said to have been invented by the <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Buddhist priest</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABkai" title="Kūkai">Kūkai</a> in the ninth century. Kūkai certainly brought the <a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ script</a> of India home on his return from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in 806;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> his interest in the sacred aspects of <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a> led him to the conclusion that Japanese would be better represented by a phonetic alphabet than by the kanji which had been used up to that point. The modern arrangement of kana reflects that of Siddhaṃ, but the traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Iroha" title="Iroha">iroha</a></i> arrangement follows a poem which uses each kana once. </p><p>However, hiragana and katakana did not quickly supplant <i>man'yōgana</i>. It was only in 1900 that the present set of kana was codified. All the other forms of hiragana and katakana developed before the 1900 codification are known as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">hentaigana</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">変体仮名</span></span>, "variant kana")</span>. Rules for their usage as per the spelling reforms of 1946, the <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Modern_kana_usage" title="Modern kana usage">gendai kana-zukai</a></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">現代仮名遣い</span></span>, "present-day kana usage")</span>, which abolished the kana for <i>wi</i> (ゐ・ヰ), <i>we</i> (ゑ・ヱ), and <i>wo</i> (を・ヲ) (except that the last was reserved as the accusative particle).<sup id="cite_ref-Frellesvig_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frellesvig-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Identical man’yōgana roots of katakana and hiragana glyphs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>a</th> <th>i</th> <th>u</th> <th>e</th> <th>o</th> <th>=:≠ </th></tr> <tr> <th>– </th> <td>≠</td> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>2:3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>k </th> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>4:1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>s </th> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>3:2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>t </th> <td>≠</td> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>3:2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>n </th> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>5:0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>h </th> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>4:1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>m </th> <td>=</td> <td>≠</td> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>3:2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>y </th> <td>=</td> <td></td> <td>=</td> <td></td> <td>=</td> <td>3:0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>r </th> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>≠</td> <td>=</td> <td>=</td> <td>4:1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>w </th> <td>=</td> <td>≠</td> <td></td> <td>=</td> <td>≠</td> <td>2:2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>n </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>≠</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0:1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>=:≠ </td> <td>6:4</td> <td>5:4</td> <td>6:4</td> <td>7:2</td> <td>9:1</td> <td>33:15 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collation">Collation</h2></div> <p>Kana are the basis for <a href="/wiki/Collation" title="Collation">collation</a> in Japanese. They are taken in the order given by the <i><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a></i> (あいうえお ... わをん), though <a href="/wiki/Iroha" title="Iroha">iroha</a> (いろはにほへと ... せす (ん)) ordering is used for enumeration in some circumstances. Dictionaries differ in the sequence order for long/short vowel distinction, small <i>tsu</i> and diacritics. As Japanese does not use word spaces (except as a tool for children), there can be no word-by-word collation; all collation is kana-by-kana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Unicode">In Unicode</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hiragana_(Unicode_block)" title="Hiragana (Unicode block)">Hiragana (Unicode block)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katakana_(Unicode_block)" title="Katakana (Unicode block)">Katakana (Unicode block)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions" title="Katakana Phonetic Extensions">Katakana Phonetic Extensions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms_(Unicode_block)" title="Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Unicode block)">Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Unicode block)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kana_Supplement_(Unicode_block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kana Supplement (Unicode block)">Kana Supplement (Unicode block)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hiragana#Unicode" title="Hiragana">Hiragana § Unicode</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Katakana#Unicode" title="Katakana">Katakana § Unicode</a></div> <p>The hiragana range in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> is U+3040 ... U+309F, and the katakana range is U+30A0 ... U+30FF. The obsolete and rare characters (<i>wi</i> and <i>we</i>) also have their proper code points. </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Hiragana_(Unicode_block)" title="Hiragana (Unicode block)">Hiragana</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U3040_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U3040_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U3040_grey"><a href="#endnote_U3040_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3040.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+304x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+3041: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL A">ぁ </td> <td title="U+3042: HIRAGANA LETTER A">あ </td> <td title="U+3043: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL I">ぃ </td> <td title="U+3044: HIRAGANA LETTER I">い </td> <td title="U+3045: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL U">ぅ </td> <td title="U+3046: HIRAGANA LETTER U">う </td> <td title="U+3047: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL E">ぇ </td> <td title="U+3048: HIRAGANA LETTER E">え </td> <td title="U+3049: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL O">ぉ </td> <td title="U+304A: HIRAGANA LETTER O">お </td> <td title="U+304B: HIRAGANA LETTER KA">か </td> <td title="U+304C: HIRAGANA LETTER GA">が </td> <td title="U+304D: HIRAGANA LETTER KI">き </td> <td title="U+304E: HIRAGANA LETTER GI">ぎ </td> <td title="U+304F: HIRAGANA LETTER KU">く </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+305x </td> <td title="U+3050: HIRAGANA LETTER GU">ぐ </td> <td title="U+3051: HIRAGANA LETTER KE">け </td> <td title="U+3052: HIRAGANA LETTER GE">げ </td> <td title="U+3053: HIRAGANA LETTER KO">こ </td> <td title="U+3054: HIRAGANA LETTER GO">ご </td> <td title="U+3055: HIRAGANA LETTER SA">さ </td> <td title="U+3056: HIRAGANA LETTER ZA">ざ </td> <td title="U+3057: HIRAGANA LETTER SI">し </td> <td title="U+3058: HIRAGANA LETTER ZI">じ </td> <td title="U+3059: HIRAGANA LETTER SU">す </td> <td title="U+305A: HIRAGANA LETTER ZU">ず </td> <td title="U+305B: HIRAGANA LETTER SE">せ </td> <td title="U+305C: HIRAGANA LETTER ZE">ぜ </td> <td title="U+305D: HIRAGANA LETTER SO">そ </td> <td title="U+305E: HIRAGANA LETTER ZO">ぞ </td> <td title="U+305F: HIRAGANA LETTER TA">た </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+306x </td> <td title="U+3060: HIRAGANA LETTER DA">だ </td> <td title="U+3061: HIRAGANA LETTER TI">ち </td> <td title="U+3062: HIRAGANA LETTER DI">ぢ </td> <td title="U+3063: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL TU">っ </td> <td title="U+3064: HIRAGANA LETTER TU">つ </td> <td title="U+3065: HIRAGANA LETTER DU">づ </td> <td title="U+3066: HIRAGANA LETTER TE">て </td> <td title="U+3067: HIRAGANA LETTER DE">で </td> <td title="U+3068: HIRAGANA LETTER TO">と </td> <td title="U+3069: HIRAGANA LETTER DO">ど </td> <td title="U+306A: HIRAGANA LETTER NA">な </td> <td title="U+306B: HIRAGANA LETTER NI">に </td> <td title="U+306C: HIRAGANA LETTER NU">ぬ </td> <td title="U+306D: HIRAGANA LETTER NE">ね </td> <td title="U+306E: HIRAGANA LETTER NO">の </td> <td title="U+306F: HIRAGANA LETTER HA">は </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+307x </td> <td title="U+3070: HIRAGANA LETTER BA">ば </td> <td title="U+3071: HIRAGANA LETTER PA">ぱ </td> <td title="U+3072: HIRAGANA LETTER HI">ひ </td> <td title="U+3073: HIRAGANA LETTER BI">び </td> <td title="U+3074: HIRAGANA LETTER PI">ぴ </td> <td title="U+3075: HIRAGANA LETTER HU">ふ </td> <td title="U+3076: HIRAGANA LETTER BU">ぶ </td> <td title="U+3077: HIRAGANA LETTER PU">ぷ </td> <td title="U+3078: HIRAGANA LETTER HE">へ </td> <td title="U+3079: HIRAGANA LETTER BE">べ </td> <td title="U+307A: HIRAGANA LETTER PE">ぺ </td> <td title="U+307B: HIRAGANA LETTER HO">ほ </td> <td title="U+307C: HIRAGANA LETTER BO">ぼ </td> <td title="U+307D: HIRAGANA LETTER PO">ぽ </td> <td title="U+307E: HIRAGANA LETTER MA">ま </td> <td title="U+307F: HIRAGANA LETTER MI">み </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+308x </td> <td title="U+3080: HIRAGANA LETTER MU">む </td> <td title="U+3081: HIRAGANA LETTER ME">め </td> <td title="U+3082: HIRAGANA LETTER MO">も </td> <td title="U+3083: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YA">ゃ </td> <td title="U+3084: HIRAGANA LETTER YA">や </td> <td title="U+3085: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YU">ゅ </td> <td title="U+3086: HIRAGANA LETTER YU">ゆ </td> <td title="U+3087: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YO">ょ </td> <td title="U+3088: HIRAGANA LETTER YO">よ </td> <td title="U+3089: HIRAGANA LETTER RA">ら </td> <td title="U+308A: HIRAGANA LETTER RI">り </td> <td title="U+308B: HIRAGANA LETTER RU">る </td> <td title="U+308C: HIRAGANA LETTER RE">れ </td> <td title="U+308D: HIRAGANA LETTER RO">ろ </td> <td title="U+308E: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WA">ゎ </td> <td title="U+308F: HIRAGANA LETTER WA">わ </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+309x </td> <td title="U+3090: HIRAGANA LETTER WI">ゐ </td> <td title="U+3091: HIRAGANA LETTER WE">ゑ </td> <td title="U+3092: HIRAGANA LETTER WO">を </td> <td title="U+3093: HIRAGANA LETTER N">ん </td> <td title="U+3094: HIRAGANA LETTER VU">ゔ </td> <td title="U+3095: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KA">ゕ </td> <td title="U+3096: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KE">ゖ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+3099: COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK">゙ </td> <td title="U+309A: COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK">゚ </td> <td title="U+309B: KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK">゛ </td> <td title="U+309C: KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK">゜ </td> <td title="U+309D: HIRAGANA ITERATION MARK">ゝ </td> <td title="U+309E: HIRAGANA VOICED ITERATION MARK">ゞ </td> <td title="U+309F: HIRAGANA DIGRAPH YORI">ゟ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U3040_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U3040_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U3040_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U3040_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Katakana_(Unicode_block)" title="Katakana (Unicode block)">Katakana</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U30A0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U30A0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U30A0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+30Ax </td> <td title="U+30A0: KATAKANA-HIRAGANA DOUBLE HYPHEN">゠ </td> <td title="U+30A1: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL A">ァ </td> <td title="U+30A2: KATAKANA LETTER A">ア </td> <td title="U+30A3: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL I">ィ </td> <td title="U+30A4: KATAKANA LETTER I">イ </td> <td title="U+30A5: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL U">ゥ </td> <td title="U+30A6: KATAKANA LETTER U">ウ </td> <td title="U+30A7: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E">ェ </td> <td title="U+30A8: KATAKANA LETTER E">エ </td> <td title="U+30A9: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL O">ォ </td> <td title="U+30AA: KATAKANA LETTER O">オ </td> <td title="U+30AB: KATAKANA LETTER KA">カ </td> <td title="U+30AC: KATAKANA LETTER GA">ガ </td> <td title="U+30AD: KATAKANA LETTER KI">キ </td> <td title="U+30AE: KATAKANA LETTER GI">ギ </td> <td title="U+30AF: KATAKANA LETTER KU">ク </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+30Bx </td> <td title="U+30B0: KATAKANA LETTER GU">グ </td> <td title="U+30B1: KATAKANA LETTER KE">ケ </td> <td title="U+30B2: KATAKANA LETTER GE">ゲ </td> <td title="U+30B3: KATAKANA LETTER KO">コ </td> <td title="U+30B4: KATAKANA LETTER GO">ゴ </td> <td title="U+30B5: KATAKANA LETTER SA">サ </td> <td title="U+30B6: KATAKANA LETTER ZA">ザ </td> <td title="U+30B7: KATAKANA LETTER SI">シ </td> <td title="U+30B8: KATAKANA LETTER ZI">ジ </td> <td title="U+30B9: KATAKANA LETTER SU">ス </td> <td title="U+30BA: KATAKANA LETTER ZU">ズ </td> <td title="U+30BB: KATAKANA LETTER SE">セ </td> <td title="U+30BC: KATAKANA LETTER ZE">ゼ </td> <td title="U+30BD: KATAKANA LETTER SO">ソ </td> <td title="U+30BE: KATAKANA LETTER ZO">ゾ </td> <td title="U+30BF: KATAKANA LETTER TA">タ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+30Cx </td> <td title="U+30C0: KATAKANA LETTER DA">ダ </td> <td title="U+30C1: KATAKANA LETTER TI">チ </td> <td title="U+30C2: KATAKANA LETTER DI">ヂ </td> <td title="U+30C3: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TU">ッ </td> <td title="U+30C4: KATAKANA LETTER TU">ツ </td> <td title="U+30C5: KATAKANA LETTER DU">ヅ </td> <td title="U+30C6: KATAKANA LETTER TE">テ </td> <td title="U+30C7: KATAKANA LETTER DE">デ </td> <td title="U+30C8: KATAKANA LETTER TO">ト </td> <td title="U+30C9: KATAKANA LETTER DO">ド </td> <td title="U+30CA: KATAKANA LETTER NA">ナ </td> <td title="U+30CB: KATAKANA LETTER NI">ニ </td> <td title="U+30CC: KATAKANA LETTER NU">ヌ </td> <td title="U+30CD: KATAKANA LETTER NE">ネ </td> <td title="U+30CE: KATAKANA LETTER NO">ノ </td> <td title="U+30CF: KATAKANA LETTER HA">ハ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+30Dx </td> <td title="U+30D0: KATAKANA LETTER BA">バ </td> <td title="U+30D1: KATAKANA LETTER PA">パ </td> <td title="U+30D2: KATAKANA LETTER HI">ヒ </td> <td title="U+30D3: KATAKANA LETTER BI">ビ </td> <td title="U+30D4: KATAKANA LETTER PI">ピ </td> <td title="U+30D5: KATAKANA LETTER HU">フ </td> <td title="U+30D6: KATAKANA LETTER BU">ブ </td> <td title="U+30D7: KATAKANA LETTER PU">プ </td> <td title="U+30D8: KATAKANA LETTER HE">ヘ </td> <td title="U+30D9: KATAKANA LETTER BE">ベ </td> <td title="U+30DA: KATAKANA LETTER PE">ペ </td> <td title="U+30DB: KATAKANA LETTER HO">ホ </td> <td title="U+30DC: KATAKANA LETTER BO">ボ </td> <td title="U+30DD: KATAKANA LETTER PO">ポ </td> <td title="U+30DE: KATAKANA LETTER MA">マ </td> <td title="U+30DF: KATAKANA LETTER MI">ミ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+30Ex </td> <td title="U+30E0: KATAKANA LETTER MU">ム </td> <td title="U+30E1: KATAKANA LETTER ME">メ </td> <td title="U+30E2: KATAKANA LETTER MO">モ </td> <td title="U+30E3: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YA">ャ </td> <td title="U+30E4: KATAKANA LETTER YA">ヤ </td> <td title="U+30E5: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YU">ュ </td> <td title="U+30E6: KATAKANA LETTER YU">ユ </td> <td title="U+30E7: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YO">ョ </td> <td title="U+30E8: KATAKANA LETTER YO">ヨ </td> <td title="U+30E9: KATAKANA LETTER RA">ラ </td> <td title="U+30EA: KATAKANA LETTER RI">リ </td> <td title="U+30EB: KATAKANA LETTER RU">ル </td> <td title="U+30EC: KATAKANA LETTER RE">レ </td> <td title="U+30ED: KATAKANA LETTER RO">ロ </td> <td title="U+30EE: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WA">ヮ </td> <td title="U+30EF: KATAKANA LETTER WA">ワ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+30Fx </td> <td title="U+30F0: KATAKANA LETTER WI">ヰ </td> <td title="U+30F1: KATAKANA LETTER WE">ヱ </td> <td title="U+30F2: KATAKANA LETTER WO">ヲ </td> <td title="U+30F3: KATAKANA LETTER N">ン </td> <td title="U+30F4: KATAKANA LETTER VU">ヴ </td> <td title="U+30F5: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KA">ヵ </td> <td title="U+30F6: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KE">ヶ </td> <td title="U+30F7: KATAKANA LETTER VA">ヷ </td> <td title="U+30F8: KATAKANA LETTER VI">ヸ </td> <td title="U+30F9: KATAKANA LETTER VE">ヹ </td> <td title="U+30FA: KATAKANA LETTER VO">ヺ </td> <td title="U+30FB: KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT">・ </td> <td title="U+30FC: KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK">ー </td> <td title="U+30FD: KATAKANA ITERATION MARK">ヽ </td> <td title="U+30FE: KATAKANA VOICED ITERATION MARK">ヾ </td> <td title="U+30FF: KATAKANA DIGRAPH KOTO">ヿ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U30A0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U30A0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Characters U+3095 and U+3096 are hiragana <a href="/wiki/Small_ke" title="Small ke">small <i>ka</i> and small <i>ke</i></a>, respectively. U+30F5 and U+30F6 are their katakana equivalents. Characters U+3099 and U+309A are combining <a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">dakuten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Handakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Handakuten">handakuten</a>, which correspond to the spacing characters U+309B and U+309C. U+309D is the hiragana <a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark" title="Iteration mark">iteration mark</a>, used to repeat a previous hiragana. U+309E is the voiced hiragana iteration mark, which stands in for the previous hiragana but with the consonant voiced (<i>k</i> becomes <i>g</i>, <i>h</i> becomes <i>b</i>, etc.). U+30FD and U+30FE are the katakana iteration marks. U+309F is a ligature of <i>yori</i> (<a href="/wiki/Yori_(kana)" title="Yori (kana)">より</a>) sometimes used in vertical writing. U+30FF is a ligature of <i>koto</i> (<a href="/wiki/Koto_(kana)" title="Koto (kana)">コト</a>), also found in vertical writing. </p><p>Additionally, there are halfwidth equivalents to the standard fullwidth katakana. These are encoded within the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block (U+FF00–U+FFEF), starting at U+FF65 and ending at U+FF9F (characters U+FF61–U+FF64 are halfwidth punctuation marks): </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">Katakana subset of <b><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms_(Unicode_block)" title="Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Unicode block)">Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_UFF00_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_UFF00_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFF00.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:small">(U+FF00–U+FF64 omitted) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+FF6x </td> <td colspan="5" style="border-top: hidden"> </td> <td title="U+FF65: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT">･ </td> <td title="U+FF66: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER WO">ｦ </td> <td title="U+FF67: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL A">ｧ </td> <td title="U+FF68: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL I">ｨ </td> <td title="U+FF69: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL U">ｩ </td> <td title="U+FF6A: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E">ｪ </td> <td title="U+FF6B: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL O">ｫ </td> <td title="U+FF6C: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YA">ｬ </td> <td title="U+FF6D: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YU">ｭ </td> <td title="U+FF6E: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YO">ｮ </td> <td title="U+FF6F: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TU">ｯ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+FF7x </td> <td title="U+FF70: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK">ｰ </td> <td title="U+FF71: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER A">ｱ </td> <td title="U+FF72: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER I">ｲ </td> <td title="U+FF73: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER U">ｳ </td> <td title="U+FF74: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER E">ｴ </td> <td title="U+FF75: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER O">ｵ </td> <td title="U+FF76: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KA">ｶ </td> <td title="U+FF77: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KI">ｷ </td> <td title="U+FF78: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KU">ｸ </td> <td title="U+FF79: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KE">ｹ </td> <td title="U+FF7A: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KO">ｺ </td> <td title="U+FF7B: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SA">ｻ </td> <td title="U+FF7C: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SI">ｼ </td> <td title="U+FF7D: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SU">ｽ </td> <td title="U+FF7E: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SE">ｾ </td> <td title="U+FF7F: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SO">ｿ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+FF8x </td> <td title="U+FF80: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TA">ﾀ </td> <td title="U+FF81: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TI">ﾁ </td> <td title="U+FF82: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TU">ﾂ </td> <td title="U+FF83: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TE">ﾃ </td> <td title="U+FF84: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TO">ﾄ </td> <td title="U+FF85: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NA">ﾅ </td> <td title="U+FF86: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NI">ﾆ </td> <td title="U+FF87: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NU">ﾇ </td> <td title="U+FF88: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NE">ﾈ </td> <td title="U+FF89: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NO">ﾉ </td> <td title="U+FF8A: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HA">ﾊ </td> <td title="U+FF8B: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HI">ﾋ </td> <td title="U+FF8C: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HU">ﾌ </td> <td title="U+FF8D: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HE">ﾍ </td> <td title="U+FF8E: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HO">ﾎ </td> <td title="U+FF8F: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MA">ﾏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+FF9x </td> <td title="U+FF90: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MI">ﾐ </td> <td title="U+FF91: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MU">ﾑ </td> <td title="U+FF92: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER ME">ﾒ </td> <td title="U+FF93: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MO">ﾓ </td> <td title="U+FF94: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER YA">ﾔ </td> <td title="U+FF95: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER YU">ﾕ </td> <td title="U+FF96: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER YO">ﾖ </td> <td title="U+FF97: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RA">ﾗ </td> <td title="U+FF98: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RI">ﾘ </td> <td title="U+FF99: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RU">ﾙ </td> <td title="U+FF9A: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RE">ﾚ </td> <td title="U+FF9B: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RO">ﾛ </td> <td title="U+FF9C: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER WA">ﾜ </td> <td title="U+FF9D: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER N">ﾝ </td> <td title="U+FF9E: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA VOICED SOUND MARK">ﾞ </td> <td title="U+FF9F: HALFWIDTH KATAKANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK">ﾟ </td></tr> <tr> <td>...</td> <td colspan="16" style="font-size:small">(U+FFA0–U+FFEF omitted) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_UFF00_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_UFF00_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There is also a small "Katakana Phonetic Extensions" range (U+31F0 ... U+31FF), which includes some additional small kana characters for writing the <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language" title="Ainu language">Ainu language</a>. Further small kana characters are present in the "Small Kana Extension" block. </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions" title="Katakana Phonetic Extensions">Katakana Phonetic Extensions</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U31F0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U31F0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U31F0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+31Fx </td> <td title="U+31F0: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KU">ㇰ </td> <td title="U+31F1: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL SI">ㇱ </td> <td title="U+31F2: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL SU">ㇲ </td> <td title="U+31F3: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TO">ㇳ </td> <td title="U+31F4: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL NU">ㇴ </td> <td title="U+31F5: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HA">ㇵ </td> <td title="U+31F6: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HI">ㇶ </td> <td title="U+31F7: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HU">ㇷ </td> <td title="U+31F8: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HE">ㇸ </td> <td title="U+31F9: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HO">ㇹ </td> <td title="U+31FA: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL MU">ㇺ </td> <td title="U+31FB: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RA">ㇻ </td> <td title="U+31FC: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RI">ㇼ </td> <td title="U+31FD: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RU">ㇽ </td> <td title="U+31FE: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RE">ㇾ </td> <td title="U+31FF: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RO">ㇿ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U31F0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U31F0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;font-family:sans-serif,'BabelStone Han','Nishiki-teki','FRBTaiwaneseKana';text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Small_Kana_Extension" title="Small Kana Extension">Small Kana Extension</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1B130_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U1B130_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1B130_grey"><a href="#endnote_U1B130_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B130.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B13x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1B132: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KO">𛄲 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B14x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B15x </td> <td title="U+1B150: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WI">𛅐 </td> <td title="U+1B151: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WE">𛅑 </td> <td title="U+1B152: HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WO">𛅒 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1B155: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KO">𛅕 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small" lang="mul">U+1B16x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1B164: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WI">𛅤 </td> <td title="U+1B165: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WE">𛅥 </td> <td title="U+1B166: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WO">𛅦 </td> <td title="U+1B167: KATAKANA LETTER SMALL N">𛅧 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1B130_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U1B130_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1B130_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U1B130_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Unicode also includes "Katakana letter archaic E" (U+1B000), as well as 255 <a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">archaic Hiragana</a>, in the Kana Supplement block.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also includes a further 31 archaic Hiragana in the Kana Extended-A block.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266220334">.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart tr:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]) td:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]){font-family:"Yu Gothic UI","Yu Gothic","IPAmjMincho","BabelStone Han","Hanazono Mincho A","HanaMinA","Noto Serif Hentaigana","Sukima Gothic","Nishiki-teki",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart{border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#fff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);font-size:large;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart th{background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart tr:nth-child(2) th{width:20pt}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart tr:last-child th{text-align:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaSupplementChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines UnicodeKanaSupplementChart"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="17" lang="en"><b><a href="/wiki/Kana_Supplement" title="Kana Supplement">Kana Supplement</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1B000_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U1B000_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B000.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </th></tr> <tr lang="mul"> <th style="width:45pt"> </th> <th>0</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>A</th> <th>B</th> <th>C</th> <th>D</th> <th>E</th> <th>F </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B00x </th> <td title="U+1B000: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC E">𛀀 </td> <td title="U+1B001: HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE (alias HENTAIGANA LETTER E-1)">𛀁 </td> <td title="U+1B002: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-1">𛀂 </td> <td title="U+1B003: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-2">𛀃 </td> <td title="U+1B004: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-3">𛀄 </td> <td title="U+1B005: HENTAIGANA LETTER A-WO">𛀅 </td> <td title="U+1B006: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-1">𛀆 </td> <td title="U+1B007: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-2">𛀇 </td> <td title="U+1B008: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-3">𛀈 </td> <td title="U+1B009: HENTAIGANA LETTER I-4">𛀉 </td> <td title="U+1B00A: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-1">𛀊 </td> <td title="U+1B00B: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-2">𛀋 </td> <td title="U+1B00C: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-3">𛀌 </td> <td title="U+1B00D: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-4">𛀍 </td> <td title="U+1B00E: HENTAIGANA LETTER U-5">𛀎 </td> <td title="U+1B00F: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-2">𛀏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B01x </th> <td title="U+1B010: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-3">𛀐 </td> <td title="U+1B011: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-4">𛀑 </td> <td title="U+1B012: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-5">𛀒 </td> <td title="U+1B013: HENTAIGANA LETTER E-6">𛀓 </td> <td title="U+1B014: HENTAIGANA LETTER O-1">𛀔 </td> <td title="U+1B015: HENTAIGANA LETTER O-2">𛀕 </td> <td title="U+1B016: HENTAIGANA LETTER O-3">𛀖 </td> <td title="U+1B017: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-1">𛀗 </td> <td title="U+1B018: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-2">𛀘 </td> <td title="U+1B019: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-3">𛀙 </td> <td title="U+1B01A: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-4">𛀚 </td> <td title="U+1B01B: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-5">𛀛 </td> <td title="U+1B01C: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-6">𛀜 </td> <td title="U+1B01D: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-7">𛀝 </td> <td title="U+1B01E: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-8">𛀞 </td> <td title="U+1B01F: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-9">𛀟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B02x </th> <td title="U+1B020: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-10">𛀠 </td> <td title="U+1B021: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-11">𛀡 </td> <td title="U+1B022: HENTAIGANA LETTER KA-KE">𛀢 </td> <td title="U+1B023: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-1">𛀣 </td> <td title="U+1B024: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-2">𛀤 </td> <td title="U+1B025: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-3">𛀥 </td> <td title="U+1B026: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-4">𛀦 </td> <td title="U+1B027: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-5">𛀧 </td> <td title="U+1B028: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-6">𛀨 </td> <td title="U+1B029: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-7">𛀩 </td> <td title="U+1B02A: HENTAIGANA LETTER KI-8">𛀪 </td> <td title="U+1B02B: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-1">𛀫 </td> <td title="U+1B02C: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-2">𛀬 </td> <td title="U+1B02D: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-3">𛀭 </td> <td title="U+1B02E: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-4">𛀮 </td> <td title="U+1B02F: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-5">𛀯 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B03x </th> <td title="U+1B030: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-6">𛀰 </td> <td title="U+1B031: HENTAIGANA LETTER KU-7">𛀱 </td> <td title="U+1B032: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-1">𛀲 </td> <td title="U+1B033: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-2">𛀳 </td> <td title="U+1B034: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-3">𛀴 </td> <td title="U+1B035: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-4">𛀵 </td> <td title="U+1B036: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-5">𛀶 </td> <td title="U+1B037: HENTAIGANA LETTER KE-6">𛀷 </td> <td title="U+1B038: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-1">𛀸 </td> <td title="U+1B039: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-2">𛀹 </td> <td title="U+1B03A: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-3">𛀺 </td> <td title="U+1B03B: HENTAIGANA LETTER KO-KI">𛀻 </td> <td title="U+1B03C: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-1">𛀼 </td> <td title="U+1B03D: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-2">𛀽 </td> <td title="U+1B03E: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-3">𛀾 </td> <td title="U+1B03F: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-4">𛀿 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B04x </th> <td title="U+1B040: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-5">𛁀 </td> <td title="U+1B041: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-6">𛁁 </td> <td title="U+1B042: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-7">𛁂 </td> <td title="U+1B043: HENTAIGANA LETTER SA-8">𛁃 </td> <td title="U+1B044: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-1">𛁄 </td> <td title="U+1B045: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-2">𛁅 </td> <td title="U+1B046: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-3">𛁆 </td> <td title="U+1B047: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-4">𛁇 </td> <td title="U+1B048: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-5">𛁈 </td> <td title="U+1B049: HENTAIGANA LETTER SI-6">𛁉 </td> <td title="U+1B04A: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-1">𛁊 </td> <td title="U+1B04B: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-2">𛁋 </td> <td title="U+1B04C: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-3">𛁌 </td> <td title="U+1B04D: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-4">𛁍 </td> <td title="U+1B04E: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-5">𛁎 </td> <td title="U+1B04F: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-6">𛁏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B05x </th> <td title="U+1B050: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-7">𛁐 </td> <td title="U+1B051: HENTAIGANA LETTER SU-8">𛁑 </td> <td title="U+1B052: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-1">𛁒 </td> <td title="U+1B053: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-2">𛁓 </td> <td title="U+1B054: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-3">𛁔 </td> <td title="U+1B055: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-4">𛁕 </td> <td title="U+1B056: HENTAIGANA LETTER SE-5">𛁖 </td> <td title="U+1B057: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-1">𛁗 </td> <td title="U+1B058: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-2">𛁘 </td> <td title="U+1B059: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-3">𛁙 </td> <td title="U+1B05A: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-4">𛁚 </td> <td title="U+1B05B: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-5">𛁛 </td> <td title="U+1B05C: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-6">𛁜 </td> <td title="U+1B05D: HENTAIGANA LETTER SO-7">𛁝 </td> <td title="U+1B05E: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-1">𛁞 </td> <td title="U+1B05F: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-2">𛁟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B06x </th> <td title="U+1B060: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-3">𛁠 </td> <td title="U+1B061: HENTAIGANA LETTER TA-4">𛁡 </td> <td title="U+1B062: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-1">𛁢 </td> <td title="U+1B063: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-2">𛁣 </td> <td title="U+1B064: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-3">𛁤 </td> <td title="U+1B065: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-4">𛁥 </td> <td title="U+1B066: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-5">𛁦 </td> <td title="U+1B067: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-6">𛁧 </td> <td title="U+1B068: HENTAIGANA LETTER TI-7">𛁨 </td> <td title="U+1B069: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-1">𛁩 </td> <td title="U+1B06A: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-2">𛁪 </td> <td title="U+1B06B: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-3">𛁫 </td> <td title="U+1B06C: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-4">𛁬 </td> <td title="U+1B06D: HENTAIGANA LETTER TU-TO">𛁭 </td> <td title="U+1B06E: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-1">𛁮 </td> <td title="U+1B06F: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-2">𛁯 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B07x </th> <td title="U+1B070: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-3">𛁰 </td> <td title="U+1B071: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-4">𛁱 </td> <td title="U+1B072: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-5">𛁲 </td> <td title="U+1B073: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-6">𛁳 </td> <td title="U+1B074: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-7">𛁴 </td> <td title="U+1B075: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-8">𛁵 </td> <td title="U+1B076: HENTAIGANA LETTER TE-9">𛁶 </td> <td title="U+1B077: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-1">𛁷 </td> <td title="U+1B078: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-2">𛁸 </td> <td title="U+1B079: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-3">𛁹 </td> <td title="U+1B07A: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-4">𛁺 </td> <td title="U+1B07B: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-5">𛁻 </td> <td title="U+1B07C: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-6">𛁼 </td> <td title="U+1B07D: HENTAIGANA LETTER TO-RA">𛁽 </td> <td title="U+1B07E: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-1">𛁾 </td> <td title="U+1B07F: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-2">𛁿 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B08x </th> <td title="U+1B080: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-3">𛂀 </td> <td title="U+1B081: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-4">𛂁 </td> <td title="U+1B082: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-5">𛂂 </td> <td title="U+1B083: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-6">𛂃 </td> <td title="U+1B084: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-7">𛂄 </td> <td title="U+1B085: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-8">𛂅 </td> <td title="U+1B086: HENTAIGANA LETTER NA-9">𛂆 </td> <td title="U+1B087: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-1">𛂇 </td> <td title="U+1B088: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-2">𛂈 </td> <td title="U+1B089: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-3">𛂉 </td> <td title="U+1B08A: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-4">𛂊 </td> <td title="U+1B08B: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-5">𛂋 </td> <td title="U+1B08C: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-6">𛂌 </td> <td title="U+1B08D: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-7">𛂍 </td> <td title="U+1B08E: HENTAIGANA LETTER NI-TE">𛂎 </td> <td title="U+1B08F: HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-1">𛂏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B09x </th> <td title="U+1B090: HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-2">𛂐 </td> <td title="U+1B091: HENTAIGANA LETTER NU-3">𛂑 </td> <td title="U+1B092: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-1">𛂒 </td> <td title="U+1B093: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-2">𛂓 </td> <td title="U+1B094: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-3">𛂔 </td> <td title="U+1B095: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-4">𛂕 </td> <td title="U+1B096: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-5">𛂖 </td> <td title="U+1B097: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-6">𛂗 </td> <td title="U+1B098: HENTAIGANA LETTER NE-KO">𛂘 </td> <td title="U+1B099: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-1">𛂙 </td> <td title="U+1B09A: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-2">𛂚 </td> <td title="U+1B09B: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-3">𛂛 </td> <td title="U+1B09C: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-4">𛂜 </td> <td title="U+1B09D: HENTAIGANA LETTER NO-5">𛂝 </td> <td title="U+1B09E: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-1">𛂞 </td> <td title="U+1B09F: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-2">𛂟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Ax </th> <td title="U+1B0A0: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-3">𛂠 </td> <td title="U+1B0A1: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-4">𛂡 </td> <td title="U+1B0A2: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-5">𛂢 </td> <td title="U+1B0A3: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-6">𛂣 </td> <td title="U+1B0A4: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-7">𛂤 </td> <td title="U+1B0A5: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-8">𛂥 </td> <td title="U+1B0A6: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-9">𛂦 </td> <td title="U+1B0A7: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-10">𛂧 </td> <td title="U+1B0A8: HENTAIGANA LETTER HA-11">𛂨 </td> <td title="U+1B0A9: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-1">𛂩 </td> <td title="U+1B0AA: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-2">𛂪 </td> <td title="U+1B0AB: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-3">𛂫 </td> <td title="U+1B0AC: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-4">𛂬 </td> <td title="U+1B0AD: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-5">𛂭 </td> <td title="U+1B0AE: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-6">𛂮 </td> <td title="U+1B0AF: HENTAIGANA LETTER HI-7">𛂯 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Bx </th> <td title="U+1B0B0: HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-1">𛂰 </td> <td title="U+1B0B1: HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-2">𛂱 </td> <td title="U+1B0B2: HENTAIGANA LETTER HU-3">𛂲 </td> <td title="U+1B0B3: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-1">𛂳 </td> <td title="U+1B0B4: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-2">𛂴 </td> <td title="U+1B0B5: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-3">𛂵 </td> <td title="U+1B0B6: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-4">𛂶 </td> <td title="U+1B0B7: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-5">𛂷 </td> <td title="U+1B0B8: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-6">𛂸 </td> <td title="U+1B0B9: HENTAIGANA LETTER HE-7">𛂹 </td> <td title="U+1B0BA: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-1">𛂺 </td> <td title="U+1B0BB: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-2">𛂻 </td> <td title="U+1B0BC: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-3">𛂼 </td> <td title="U+1B0BD: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-4">𛂽 </td> <td title="U+1B0BE: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-5">𛂾 </td> <td title="U+1B0BF: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-6">𛂿 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Cx </th> <td title="U+1B0C0: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-7">𛃀 </td> <td title="U+1B0C1: HENTAIGANA LETTER HO-8">𛃁 </td> <td title="U+1B0C2: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-1">𛃂 </td> <td title="U+1B0C3: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-2">𛃃 </td> <td title="U+1B0C4: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-3">𛃄 </td> <td title="U+1B0C5: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-4">𛃅 </td> <td title="U+1B0C6: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-5">𛃆 </td> <td title="U+1B0C7: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-6">𛃇 </td> <td title="U+1B0C8: HENTAIGANA LETTER MA-7">𛃈 </td> <td title="U+1B0C9: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-1">𛃉 </td> <td title="U+1B0CA: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-2">𛃊 </td> <td title="U+1B0CB: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-3">𛃋 </td> <td title="U+1B0CC: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-4">𛃌 </td> <td title="U+1B0CD: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-5">𛃍 </td> <td title="U+1B0CE: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-6">𛃎 </td> <td title="U+1B0CF: HENTAIGANA LETTER MI-7">𛃏 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Dx </th> <td title="U+1B0D0: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-1">𛃐 </td> <td title="U+1B0D1: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-2">𛃑 </td> <td title="U+1B0D2: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-3">𛃒 </td> <td title="U+1B0D3: HENTAIGANA LETTER MU-4">𛃓 </td> <td title="U+1B0D4: HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-1">𛃔 </td> <td title="U+1B0D5: HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-2">𛃕 </td> <td title="U+1B0D6: HENTAIGANA LETTER ME-MA">𛃖 </td> <td title="U+1B0D7: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-1">𛃗 </td> <td title="U+1B0D8: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-2">𛃘 </td> <td title="U+1B0D9: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-3">𛃙 </td> <td title="U+1B0DA: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-4">𛃚 </td> <td title="U+1B0DB: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-5">𛃛 </td> <td title="U+1B0DC: HENTAIGANA LETTER MO-6">𛃜 </td> <td title="U+1B0DD: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-1">𛃝 </td> <td title="U+1B0DE: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-2">𛃞 </td> <td title="U+1B0DF: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-3">𛃟 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" lang="mul">U+1B0Ex </th> <td title="U+1B0E0: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-4">𛃠 </td> <td title="U+1B0E1: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-5">𛃡 </td> <td title="U+1B0E2: HENTAIGANA LETTER YA-YO">𛃢 </td> <td title="U+1B0E3: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-1">𛃣 </td> <td title="U+1B0E4: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-2">𛃤 </td> <td title="U+1B0E5: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-3">𛃥 </td> <td title="U+1B0E6: HENTAIGANA LETTER YU-4">𛃦 </td> <td title="U+1B0E7: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-1">𛃧 </td> <td title="U+1B0E8: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-2">𛃨 </td> <td title="U+1B0E9: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-3">𛃩 </td> <td title="U+1B0EA: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-4">𛃪 </td> <td title="U+1B0EB: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-5">𛃫 </td> <td title="U+1B0EC: HENTAIGANA LETTER YO-6">𛃬 </td> <td title="U+1B0ED: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-1">𛃭 </td> <td title="U+1B0EE: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-2">𛃮 </td> <td title="U+1B0EF: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-3">𛃯 </td></tr> <tr> <th lang="mul">U+1B0Fx </th> <td title="U+1B0F0: HENTAIGANA LETTER RA-4">𛃰 </td> <td title="U+1B0F1: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-1">𛃱 </td> <td title="U+1B0F2: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-2">𛃲 </td> <td title="U+1B0F3: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-3">𛃳 </td> <td title="U+1B0F4: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-4">𛃴 </td> <td title="U+1B0F5: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-5">𛃵 </td> <td title="U+1B0F6: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-6">𛃶 </td> <td title="U+1B0F7: HENTAIGANA LETTER RI-7">𛃷 </td> <td title="U+1B0F8: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-1">𛃸 </td> <td title="U+1B0F9: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-2">𛃹 </td> <td title="U+1B0FA: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-3">𛃺 </td> <td title="U+1B0FB: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-4">𛃻 </td> <td title="U+1B0FC: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-5">𛃼 </td> <td title="U+1B0FD: HENTAIGANA LETTER RU-6">𛃽 </td> <td title="U+1B0FE: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-1">𛃾 </td> <td title="U+1B0FF: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-2">𛃿 </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <th colspan="17"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1B000_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U1B000_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd></dl> </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266223109">.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart tr:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]) td:not([lang|=en]):not([lang|=mul]){font-family:"IPAmjMincho","BabelStone Han","Hanazono Mincho A","HanaMinA","Noto Serif Hentaigana","Sukima Gothic","Nishiki-teki","Faulmann Font",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart{border-collapse:collapse;background-color:#fff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);font-size:large;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart th{background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart tr:nth-child(2) th{width:20pt}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart tr:last-child th{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart .reserved{background-color:#CCCCCC}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#000)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart th{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}}</style> <table class="wikitable nounderlines UnicodeKanaExtendedAChart"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="17" lang="en"><b><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-A" title="Kana Extended-A">Kana Extended-A</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1B100_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U1B100_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1B100_grey"><a href="#endnote_U1B100_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B100.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </th></tr> <tr lang="mul"> <th style="width:45pt"> </th> <th>0</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>A</th> <th>B</th> <th>C</th> <th>D</th> <th>E</th> <th>F </th></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <th lang="mul">U+1B10x </th> <td title="U+1B100: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-3">𛄀 </td> <td title="U+1B101: HENTAIGANA LETTER RE-4">𛄁 </td> <td title="U+1B102: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-1">𛄂 </td> <td title="U+1B103: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-2">𛄃 </td> <td title="U+1B104: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-3">𛄄 </td> <td title="U+1B105: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-4">𛄅 </td> <td title="U+1B106: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-5">𛄆 </td> <td title="U+1B107: HENTAIGANA LETTER RO-6">𛄇 </td> <td title="U+1B108: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-1">𛄈 </td> <td title="U+1B109: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-2">𛄉 </td> <td title="U+1B10A: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-3">𛄊 </td> <td title="U+1B10B: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-4">𛄋 </td> <td title="U+1B10C: HENTAIGANA LETTER WA-5">𛄌 </td> <td title="U+1B10D: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-1">𛄍 </td> <td title="U+1B10E: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-2">𛄎 </td> <td title="U+1B10F: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-3">𛄏 </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <th lang="mul">U+1B11x </th> <td title="U+1B110: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-4">𛄐 </td> <td title="U+1B111: HENTAIGANA LETTER WI-5">𛄑 </td> <td title="U+1B112: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-1">𛄒 </td> <td title="U+1B113: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-2">𛄓 </td> <td title="U+1B114: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-3">𛄔 </td> <td title="U+1B115: HENTAIGANA LETTER WE-4">𛄕 </td> <td title="U+1B116: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-1">𛄖 </td> <td title="U+1B117: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-2">𛄗 </td> <td title="U+1B118: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-3">𛄘 </td> <td title="U+1B119: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-4">𛄙 </td> <td title="U+1B11A: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-5">𛄚 </td> <td title="U+1B11B: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-6">𛄛 </td> <td title="U+1B11C: HENTAIGANA LETTER WO-7">𛄜 </td> <td title="U+1B11D: HENTAIGANA LETTER N-MU-MO-1">𛄝 </td> <td title="U+1B11E: HENTAIGANA LETTER N-MU-MO-2">𛄞 </td> <td title="U+1B11F: HIRAGANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU">𛄟 </td></tr> <tr lang="ja"> <th lang="mul">U+1B12x </th> <td title="U+1B120: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC YI">𛄠 </td> <td title="U+1B121: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC YE">𛄡 </td> <td title="U+1B122: KATAKANA LETTER ARCHAIC WU">𛄢 </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td> <td title="Reserved" class="reserved"> </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <th colspan="17"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1B100_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U1B100_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1B100_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U1B100_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Kana Extended-B block was added in September, 2021 with the release of version 14.0: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;font-family:sans-serif,'FRBTaiwaneseKana','Nishiki-teki';text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-B" title="Kana Extended-B">Kana Extended-B</a></b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1AFF0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U1AFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1AFF0_grey"><a href="#endnote_U1AFF0_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1AFF0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1AFFx </td> <td title="U+1AFF0: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-2">𚿰 </td> <td title="U+1AFF1: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-3">𚿱 </td> <td title="U+1AFF2: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-4">𚿲 </td> <td title="U+1AFF3: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-5">𚿳 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1AFF5: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-7">𚿵 </td> <td title="U+1AFF6: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN TONE-8">𚿶 </td> <td title="U+1AFF7: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-1">𚿷 </td> <td title="U+1AFF8: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-2">𚿸 </td> <td title="U+1AFF9: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-3">𚿹 </td> <td title="U+1AFFA: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-4">𚿺 </td> <td title="U+1AFFB: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-5">𚿻 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+1AFFD: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-7">𚿽 </td> <td title="U+1AFFE: KATAKANA LETTER MINNAN NASALIZED TONE-8">𚿾 </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1AFF0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U1AFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1AFF0_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U1AFF0_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotsugana" title="Yotsugana">Yotsugana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">Gojūon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography" title="Historical kana orthography">Historical kana orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Romanization of Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Transliteration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">Transcription (linguistics)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas E. McAuley, <i>Language change in East Asia,</i> 2001:90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHatasaKazumi_HatasaSeiichi_Makino2010" class="citation book cs1">Hatasa, Yukiko Abe; Kazumi Hatasa; Seiichi Makino (2010). <i>Nakama 1: Introductory Japanese: Communication, Culture, Context 2nd ed</i>. Heinle. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0495798187" title="Special:BookSources/978-0495798187"><bdi>978-0495798187</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nakama+1%3A+Introductory+Japanese%3A+Communication%2C+Culture%2C+Context+2nd+ed.&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Heinle&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0495798187&rft.aulast=Hatasa&rft.aufirst=Yukiko+Abe&rft.au=Kazumi+Hatasa&rft.au=Seiichi+Makino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daijirin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-daijirin_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-daijirin_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-daijirin_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>スーパー大辞林</i> [<i>Super <a href="/wiki/Daijirin" title="Daijirin">Daijirin</a></i>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%9E%97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTawada2020" class="citation book cs1">Tawada, Yoko (2020). <i>On Writing and Rewriting</i>. London: Lexington Books. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-9004-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-9004-4"><bdi>978-1-4985-9004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Writing+and+Rewriting&rft.place=London&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4985-9004-4&rft.aulast=Tawada&rft.aufirst=Yoko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeseely-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yeseely_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeseely_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeeley,_Christopher1991" class="citation book cs1">Seeley, Christopher (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KCZ2ya6cg88C&q=syllable+ye&pg=PA109"><i>A History of Writing in Japan</i></a>. BRILL. pp. 109 (footnote 18). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09081-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09081-9"><bdi>90-04-09081-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Writing+in+Japan&rft.pages=109+%28footnote+18%29&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=90-04-09081-9&rft.au=Seeley%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKCZ2ya6cg88C%26q%3Dsyllable%2Bye%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeslj-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yeslj_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeslj_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeslj_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/yeyi.html">"Is there a kana symbol for ye or yi?"</a>. <i>SLJ FAQ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SLJ+FAQ&rft.atitle=Is+there+a+kana+symbol+for+ye+or+yi%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sljfaq.org%2Fafaq%2Fyeyi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-katou-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-katou_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-katou_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-katou_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKatō,_Nozomu2008" class="citation web cs1">Katō, Nozomu (14 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3388.pdf">"JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3388: Proposal to encode two Kana characters concerning YE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JTC1%2FSC2%2FWG2+N3388%3A+Proposal+to+encode+two+Kana+characters+concerning+YE.&rft.date=2008-01-14&rft.au=Kat%C5%8D%2C+Nozomu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn3388.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yeunicode-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yeunicode_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yeunicode_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-6.0/U60-1B000.pdf">"Kana Supplement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode 6.0</i>. Unicode. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+6.0&rft.atitle=Kana+Supplement&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FUnicode-6.0%2FU60-1B000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">More information is available at <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E8%A1%8C%E3%82%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:ヤ行エ">ja:ヤ行エ</a> on the Japanese Wikipedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raccoonbend.com/languages/canna.html">"Japanese Kana Chart from the Netherlands"</a>. <i>www.raccoonbend.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.raccoonbend.com&rft.atitle=Japanese+Kana+Chart+from+the+Netherlands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raccoonbend.com%2Flanguages%2Fcanna.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCabinet_of_Japan" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Japan" title="Cabinet of Japan">Cabinet of Japan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106125953/http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19910628002/k19910628002.html">"平成3年6月28日内閣告示第2号:外来語の表記"</a> [Japanese cabinet order No.2 (28 June 1991):The notation of loanword]. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19910628002/k19910628002.html">the original</a> on 6 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%903%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%8828%E6%97%A5%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3%E5%91%8A%E7%A4%BA%E7%AC%AC2%E5%8F%B7%3A%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Education%2C+Culture%2C+Sports%2C+Science+and+Technology&rft.au=Cabinet+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mext.go.jp%2Fb_menu%2Fhakusho%2Fnc%2Fk19910628002%2Fk19910628002.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-katou2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-katou2_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKatō,_Nozomu" class="citation web cs1">Katō, Nozomu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08359-about-n3528.pdf">"L2/08-359: About WG2 N3528"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L2%2F08-359%3A+About+WG2+N3528&rft.au=Kat%C5%8D%2C+Nozomu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2008%2F08359-about-n3528.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-itikun-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-itikun_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-itikun_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303234206/http://www.geocities.jp/itikun01/hibi/zat2.html">"伊豆での収穫"</a> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.jp/itikun01/hibi/zat2.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BC%8A%E8%B1%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%8E%E7%A9%AB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.jp%2Fitikun01%2Fhibi%2Fzat2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">More information is available at <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%8F%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%86" class="extiw" title="ja:わ行う">ja:わ行う</a>, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E8%A1%8C%E3%82%A4" class="extiw" title="ja:ヤ行イ">ja:ヤ行イ</a> and <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E9%9F%B3#51全てが異なる字・音:_江戸後期から明治" class="extiw" title="ja:五十音">ja:五十音#51全てが異なる字・音: 江戸後期から明治</a> on the Japanese Wikipedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-14.0/U140-1B100.pdf">"Kana Extended-A"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode 14.0 Delta Code Charts</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+14.0+Delta+Code+Charts&rft.atitle=Kana+Extended-A&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FUnicode-14.0%2FU140-1B100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaruo)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haruo), 海津知緒(KAIZU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ab.cyberhome.ne.jp/~kaizu/roomazi/doc/ansiz3911.html">"■米国規格(ANSI Z39.11-1972)—要約"</a>. <i>ローマ字相談室</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%AD%97%E7%9B%B8%E8%AB%87%E5%AE%A4&rft.atitle=%E2%96%A0%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E8%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC%28ANSI+Z39.11-1972%29%E2%80%94%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84&rft.aulast=Haruo%29&rft.aufirst=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%A5%E7%9F%A5%E7%B7%92%28KAIZU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ab.cyberhome.ne.jp%2F~kaizu%2Froomazi%2Fdoc%2Fansiz3911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaruo)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haruo), 海津知緒(KAIZU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ab.cyberhome.ne.jp/~kaizu/roomazi/doc/bs4812.html">"■英国規格(BS 4812 : 1972)—要約"</a>. <i>ローマ字相談室</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E5%AD%97%E7%9B%B8%E8%AB%87%E5%AE%A4&rft.atitle=%E2%96%A0%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC%28BS+4812+%3A+1972%29%E2%80%94%E8%A6%81%E7%B4%84&rft.aulast=Haruo%29&rft.aufirst=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%A5%E7%9F%A5%E7%B7%92%28KAIZU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ab.cyberhome.ne.jp%2F~kaizu%2Froomazi%2Fdoc%2Fbs4812.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frellesvig-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frellesvig_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frellesvig_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrellesvig2010" class="citation book cs1">Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v1FcAgiAC9IC"><i>A History of the Japanese Language</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 12, 17, <span class="nowrap">23–</span>24, <span class="nowrap">158–</span>160, 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65320-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65320-6"><bdi>978-0-521-65320-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Japanese+Language&rft.pages=12%2C+17%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E24%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E158-%3C%2Fspan%3E160%2C+173&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65320-6&rft.aulast=Frellesvig&rft.aufirst=Bjarke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv1FcAgiAC9IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B000.pdf">"Kana Supplement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode 15.1</i>. Unicode<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+15.1&rft.atitle=Kana+Supplement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU1B000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B100.pdf">"Kana Extended-A"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode 15.1</i>. Unicode<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+15.1&rft.atitle=Kana+Extended-A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU1B100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF關根江山1897" class="citation book cs1">關根江山 (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/jsc/1.0423014?v=oc&q="><i>假字類纂</i></a>. [東京] 神田區: 早矢仕民治.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%81%87%E5%AD%97%E9%A1%9E%E7%BA%82&rft.place=%5B%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%5D+%E7%A5%9E%E7%94%B0%E5%8D%80&rft.pub=%E6%97%A9%E7%9F%A2%E4%BB%95%E6%B0%91%E6%B2%BB&rft.date=1897&rft.au=%E9%97%9C%E6%A0%B9%E6%B1%9F%E5%B1%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.library.ubc.ca%2Fviewer%2Fjsc%2F1.0423014%3Fv%3Doc%26q%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKana" class="Z3988"></span> — An illustrated book on the development of magana into kana</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lingualift.com/blog/hiragana-chart-katakana-sheet/">Hiragana & katakana chart and writing practice sheet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_hiragana.htm">Origin of Hiragana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/japanese_katakana.htm">Origin of Katakana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qbit.it/lab/kana/">Kana web translator</a> – Transliterate Kana to Rōmaji</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brng.jp/50renshuu-s.pdf">Kana Copybook (PDF)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://type-kana.furudean.com/setup">Katakana and Hiragana study tool</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_language369" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_language" title="Template:Japanese language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_language" title="Template talk:Japanese language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_language369" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earlier forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese" title="Old Japanese">Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Japanese" title="Early Middle Japanese">Early Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Japanese" title="Late Middle Japanese">Late Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Japanese" title="Early Modern Japanese">Early Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects"><b>Eastern</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_dialects" title="Hokkaido dialects">Hokkaidō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_dialect" title="Tōhoku dialect"><b>Tōhoku</b></a> <ul><li>Northern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanbu_dialect" title="Nanbu dialect">Nanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsugaru_dialect" title="Tsugaru dialect">Tsugaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akita_dialect" title="Akita dialect">Akita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matagi_dialect" title="Matagi dialect">Matagi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Southern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kesen_dialect" title="Kesen dialect">Kesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairiku_dialect" title="Nairiku dialect">Nairiku</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō dialect"><b>Kantō</b></a> <ul><li>Western <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunma_dialect" title="Gunma dialect">Gunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_dialect" title="Kanagawa dialect">Kanagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_dialect" title="Tokyo dialect">Tokyo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibaraki_dialect" title="Ibaraki dialect">Ibaraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochigi_dialect" title="Tochigi dialect">Tochigi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Izu_Archipelago_dialects" title="Northern Izu Archipelago dialects">Northern Izu Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dkai%E2%80%93T%C5%8Dsan_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōkai–Tōsan dialect"><b>Tōkai–Tōsan</b></a> <ul><li>Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_dialect" title="Shizuoka dialect">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada_dialect" title="Narada dialect">Narada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Echigo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagaoka_dialect" title="Nagaoka dialect">Nagaoka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gifu-Aichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_dialect" title="Nagoya dialect">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikawa_dialect" title="Mikawa dialect">Mikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mino_dialect" title="Mino dialect">Mino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hida_dialect" title="Hida dialect">Hida</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects"><b>Western</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokuriku_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokuriku dialect"><b>Hokuriku</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaga_dialect" title="Kaga dialect">Kaga</a> <ul><li>Kanazawa</li> <li>Shiramine</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansai_dialect" title="Kansai dialect"><b>Kansai</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaji_dialect" title="Awaji dialect">Awaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansh%C5%AB_dialect" title="Banshū dialect">Banshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish%C5%AB_dialect" title="Kishū dialect">Kishū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okuyoshino_dialect" title="Okuyoshino dialect">Okuyoshino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_dialect" title="Shikoku dialect"><b>Shikoku</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyo_dialect" title="Iyo dialect">Iyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosa_dialect" title="Tosa dialect">Tosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanuki_dialect" title="Sanuki dialect">Sanuki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chūgoku dialect"><b>Chūgoku</b></a> <ul><li>San'yō <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bingo_dialect" title="Bingo dialect">Bingo</a></li></ul></li> <li>East San'in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insh%C5%AB_dialect" title="Inshū dialect">Inshū</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpaku_dialect" title="Umpaku dialect"><b>Umpaku</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects"><b>Kyūshū</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnichi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hōnichi dialect"><b>Hōnichi</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_dialect" title="Ōita dialect">Ōita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hichiku_dialect" title="Hichiku dialect"><b>Hichiku</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chikuzen_dialect" title="Chikuzen dialect">Chikuzen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakata_dialect" title="Hakata dialect">Hakata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_dialect" title="Kumamoto dialect">Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_dialect" title="Nagasaki dialect">Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_dialect" title="Saga dialect">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsushima_dialect" title="Tsushima dialect">Tsushima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_dialect" title="Kagoshima dialect"><b>Satsugū</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><b>Other</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_Japanese" title="Amami Japanese">Amami Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_Japanese" title="Okinawan Japanese">Okinawan Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese-based_creole_languages" title="Japanese-based creole languages">Pidgins and creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_English" title="Bamboo English">Bamboo English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonin_English" title="Bonin English">Bonin English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_loanwords_in_Hawaii" title="Japanese loanwords in Hawaii">Hawaiian Creole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyowa-go" title="Kyowa-go">Kyowa-go</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Chinese" title="Pseudo-Chinese">Pseudo-Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yilan_Creole_Japanese" title="Yilan Creole Japanese">Yilan Creole Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Pidgin_Japanese" title="Yokohama Pidgin Japanese">Yokohama Pidgin Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Old_Japanese" title="Eastern Old Japanese">Eastern Old Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_language" title="Hachijō language">Hachijō</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_grammar" title="Hachijō grammar">grammar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ryukyuan_languages" title="Northern Ryukyuan languages">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima_language" title="Amami Ōshima language">Amami Ōshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Amami_%C5%8Cshima_language" title="Southern Amami Ōshima language">Southern Amami Ōshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikai_language" title="Kikai language">Kikai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunigami_language" title="Kunigami language">Kunigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinoerabu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinoerabu language">Okinoerabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokunoshima_language" title="Tokunoshima language">Tokunoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoron_language" title="Yoron language">Yoron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ryukyuan_languages" title="Southern Ryukyuan languages">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miyakoan_language" title="Miyakoan language">Miyako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarama_language" title="Tarama language">Tarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaeyama_language" title="Yaeyama language">Yaeyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonaguni_language" title="Yonaguni language">Yonaguni</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Writing system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_script_reform" title="Japanese script reform">Script reform</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanbun" title="Kanbun">Kanbun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kanji_by_stroke_count" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kanji by stroke count">by stroke count</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Kanji</i> radicals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kanji_radicals_by_frequency" title="List of kanji radicals by frequency">by frequency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kanji_radicals_by_stroke_count" title="List of kanji radicals by stroke count">by stroke count</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokuji" title="Kokuji">Kokuji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ryakuji" title="Ryakuji">Ryakuji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ateji" title="Ateji">Ateji</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kana</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">Gojūon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_ligature" title="Kana ligature">Kana ligature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Orthography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Braille</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Punctuation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanazukai" title="Kanazukai">Kanazukai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography" title="Historical kana orthography">Historical <i>kana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_kana_usage" title="Modern kana usage">Modern kana</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddai_Tokushu_Kanazukai" title="Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai">Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yotsugana" title="Yotsugana">Yotsugana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_into_Japanese" title="Transcription into Japanese">Transcription into Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Encoding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-JP" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC-JP</a></li></ul></li> <li>ISO/IEC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li>JIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">0211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Unicode <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana_(Unicode_block)" title="Hiragana (Unicode block)">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-A" title="Kana Extended-A">Kana Extended-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-B" title="Kana Extended-B">Kana Extended-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_Supplement" title="Kana Supplement">Kana Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Kana_Extension" title="Small Kana Extension">Small Kana Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana_(Unicode_block)" title="Katakana (Unicode block)">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions" title="Katakana Phonetic Extensions">Katakana Phonetic Extensions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months" title="Enclosed CJK Letters and Months">Enclosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement" title="Enclosed Ideographic Supplement">EIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_shinjitai" title="Extended shinjitai">Extended <i>shinjitai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">Half/full</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Grammar and<br />vocabulary</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_grammar" title="Japanese grammar">Japanese grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese verb conjugation">Verb conjugations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_godan_and_ichidan_verbs" title="Japanese godan and ichidan verbs"><i>Godan</i> and <i>ichidan</i> verbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_irregular_verbs" title="Japanese irregular verbs">Irregular verbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pronouns" title="Japanese pronouns">Pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_adjectives" title="Japanese adjectives">Adjectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_possessives" title="Japanese possessives">Possessives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_marker" title="Topic marker">Topic marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_counter_word" title="Japanese counter word">Counter words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_numerals" title="Japanese numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_kotoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamato kotoba">Native words (<i>yamato kotoba</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Japanese vocabulary">Sino-Japanese vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairaigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gairaigo">Loan words (<i>gairaigo</i>)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_words_of_Dutch_origin" title="Glossary of Japanese words of Dutch origin">from Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_words_of_Portuguese_origin" title="Glossary of Japanese words of Portuguese origin">from Portuguese</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Wasei-eigo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wasei-kango" title="Wasei-kango">Wasei-kango</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese" title="Honorific speech in Japanese">Honorific speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_honorifics" title="Japanese honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C5%8Db%C5%8D_kotoba" title="Nyōbō kotoba">Court lady language (<i>nyōbō kotoba</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuwarigo" title="Yakuwarigo">Role language (<i>yakuwarigo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_Japanese" title="Gender differences in Japanese">Gender differences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dictionary" title="Japanese dictionary">Dictionaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Phonology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pitch_accent" title="Japanese pitch accent">Pitch accent</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rendaku" title="Rendaku">Rendaku</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sound_symbolism" title="Japanese sound symbolism">Sound symbolism</a></li> <li><i>Kanji</i> pronunciation sources <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On%27yomi" title="On'yomi">on'yomi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go-on" title="Go-on">go-on</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kan-on" title="Kan-on">kan-on</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8D-on" title="Tō-on">tō-on</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kun%27yomi" title="Kun'yomi">kun'yomi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transliteration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Romanization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki_romanization" title="Nihon-shiki romanization">Nihon-shiki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">Kunrei-shiki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSL_romanization" title="JSL romanization">JSL</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">Wāpuro rōmaji</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_of_the_Japanese_language_in_Esperanto" title="Transcription of the Japanese language in Esperanto">In Esperanto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Cyrillization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polivanov_system" title="Polivanov system">Polivanov system</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_writers" title="List of Japanese writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_speculative_fiction_writers" title="List of Japanese speculative fiction writers">Speculative fiction writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Japanese" title="Classical Japanese">Classical Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_Japanese_texts" title="List of classical Japanese texts">texts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newari_scripts" title="Newari scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incung_script" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogan_script" title="Ogan script">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_I_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox I script">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rma_script" title="Rma script">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Anishinaabewibii'iganan" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Anishinaabewibii'iganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_scripts" title="Iberian scripts">Iberian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> 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