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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 1870. ἐπαισχύνομαι (epaischunomai) -- To be ashamed, to feel shame</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/1870.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/revelation/15-6.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/1870.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 1870</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/1869.htm" title="1869">◄</a> 1870. epaischunomai <a href="../greek/1871.htm" title="1871">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">epaischunomai: To be ashamed, to feel shame</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">ἐπαισχύνομαι</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Verb<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>epaischunomai<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>ep-ahee-skhoo'-nom-ahee<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(ep-ahee-skhoo'-nom-ahee)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>To be ashamed, to feel shame<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>I am ashamed, am ashamed of.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>From the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning "upon" or "on") and the verb αἰσχύνω (aischynō, meaning "to be ashamed").<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span>While there is no direct Hebrew equivalent, the concept of shame is often expressed in the Old Testament with words like בּוֹשׁ (bosh, Strong's H954), which also means to be ashamed or confounded.<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>The verb ἐπαισχύνομαι conveys the sense of feeling shame or embarrassment, often in a public or communal context. It implies a sense of dishonor or disgrace that one might feel in relation to others or before God. In the New Testament, it is often used in the context of not being ashamed of the Gospel or one's faith in Christ.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In the Greco-Roman world, honor and shame were significant social values. Honor was associated with social status, reputation, and public recognition, while shame was linked to disgrace and loss of face. The early Christians, often marginalized and persecuted, were encouraged to stand firm in their faith despite societal pressures to conform or feel ashamed of their beliefs.<div class="vheading2">HELPS Word-studies</div><p class="discovery"><b>1870</b> <i>epais<smallcaps>x</smallcaps>ýnomai</i> (from <i>epi</i>, "<i>on</i>, fitting" intensifying 153<i>/ais<smallcaps>x</smallcaps>ynō</i>, "disgrace") – properly, <i>disgraced</i>, like someone "singled out" because they <i>mis</i>placed their confidence or support ("believed the big lie"); to be ashamed (<i>personally</i> humiliated).</p><p class="discovery">In sum, 1870<i>/epais<smallcaps>x</smallcaps>ynomai</i> ("dishonor") refers to being<i> disgraced</i>, bringing on "fitting" shame that matches the error of <i>wrongly identifying</i> (aligning) with something. </p><p class="discovery">[The prefix (<i>epi</i>) underlines <i>specific</i> (<i>personal</i>) nature of the disgrace.]</p><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/discovery.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>from <a href="/greek/1909.htm">epi</a> and <a href="/greek/153.htm">aischunó</a><br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>to be ashamed (of)<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>am...ashamed (2), ashamed (9).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 1870: ἐπαισχύνομαι</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">ἐπαισχύνομαι</span></span>; future <span class="greek2">ἐπαισχυνθήσομαι</span>; 1 aorist <span class="greek2">ἐπησχυνθην</span>, and with neglect of augment <span class="greek2">ἐπαισχυνθην</span> (<a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1-16.htm">2 Timothy 1:16</a> <span class="manuref">L</span> <span class="manuref">T</span> <span class="manuref">Tr</span> <span class="manuref">WH</span>; cf. (<span class="manuref">WH</span>s Appendix, p. 161); <span class="abbreviation">Buttmann</span>, 34 (30); (<span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>s Grammar, § 12 at the end)); from <span class="abbreviation">Aeschylus</span> down; <span class="accented">to be ashamed</span> (<span class="greek2">ἐπί</span> on account of (cf. <a href="/interlinear/isaiah/1-29.htm">Isaiah 1:29</a> <span class="manuref">Alex.</span>; Ellicott on <a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1-8.htm">2 Timothy 1:8</a>); see <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">αἰσχύνω</span></span>): absolutely, <a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1-12.htm">2 Timothy 1:12</a>; <span class="greek2">τινα</span> (on the accusative, cf. <span class="abbreviation">Winer</span>'s Grammar, § 32, 1 b. <span class="greek2">α</span>.; <span class="abbreviation">Buttmann</span>, 192 (166)), of a person, <a href="/interlinear/mark/8-38.htm">Mark 8:38</a>; <a href="/interlinear/luke/9-26.htm">Luke 9:26</a>; <span class="greek2">τί</span>, of a thing, <a href="/interlinear/romans/1-16.htm">Romans 1:16</a>; <a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1-8.htm">2 Timothy 1:8, 16</a>; <span class="greek2">ἐπί</span> <span class="greek2">τίνι</span>, the dative of a thing, <a href="/interlinear/romans/6-21.htm">Romans 6:21</a>; followed by the infinitive <a href="/interlinear/hebrews/2-11.htm">Hebrews 2:11</a>; with the accusative of a person and the infinitive of a thing, <a href="/interlinear/hebrews/11-16.htm">Hebrews 11:16</a>. (Twice in the <span class="manuref">Sept.</span>: <a href="/interlinear/isaiah/1-29.htm">Isaiah 1:29</a> (<span class="manuref">Alex.</span>); <a href="/interlinear/job/34-19.htm">Job 34:19</a>.)<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>be ashamed. <p>From <a href="/greek/1909.htm">epi</a> and <a href="/greek/153.htm">aischunomai</a>; to feel shame for something -- be ashamed. <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/1909.htm">epi</a> <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/153.htm">aischunomai</a> <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>επαισχυνεσθε επαισχύνεσθε ἐπαισχύνεσθε επαισχυνεται επαισχύνεται ἐπαισχύνεται επαισχυνθη επαισχυνθή επαισχύνθη ἐπαισχυνθῇ ἐπαισχύνθη επαισχυνθης επαισχυνθής ἐπαισχυνθῇς επαισχυνθησεται επαισχυνθήσεται ἐπαισχυνθήσεται επαισχυνομαι επαισχύνομαι ἐπαισχύνομαι επησχύνθησαν epaischunesthe epaischunetai epaischunomai epaischunthe epaischunthē epaischunthes epaischunthēs epaischunthesetai epaischunthēsetai epaischynesthe epaischýnesthe epaischynetai epaischýnetai epaischynomai epaischýnomai epaischynthe epaischynthē epaischýnthe epaischýnthē epaischynthêi epaischynthē̂i epaischynthêis epaischynthē̂is epaischynthes epaischynthēs epaischynthesetai epaischynthēsetai epaischynthḗsetai<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/mark/8-38.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 8:38</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-ASP-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/8.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">γὰρ ἐὰν <b>ἐπαισχυνθῇ</b> με καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/8.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> For whoever <span class="itali">is ashamed</span> of Me and My words<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/8.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> therefore <span class="itali">shall be ashamed</span> of me<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/8-38.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> indeed if <span class="itali">might have been ashamed of</span> me and<p><b><a href="/text/mark/8-38.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Mark 8:38</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-FIP-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/mark/8.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τοῦ ἀνθρώπου <b>ἐπαισχυνθήσεται</b> αὐτὸν ὅταν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/mark/8.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> will also <span class="itali">be ashamed</span> of him when<br><a href="/kjvs/mark/8.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> of man <span class="itali">be ashamed,</span> when<br><a href="/interlinear/mark/8-38.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> of man <span class="itali">will be ashamed of</span> him when<p><b><a href="/text/luke/9-26.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Luke 9:26</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-ASP-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/luke/9.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">γὰρ ἂν <b>ἐπαισχυνθῇ</b> με καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/luke/9.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> For whoever <span class="itali">is ashamed</span> of Me and My words,<br><a href="/kjvs/luke/9.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> whosoever <span class="itali">shall be ashamed</span> of me<br><a href="/interlinear/luke/9-26.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> indeed anyhow <span class="itali">might have been ashamed of</span> me and<p><b><a href="/text/luke/9-26.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Luke 9:26</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Future Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-FIP-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/luke/9.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">τοῦ ἀνθρώπου <b>ἐπαισχυνθήσεται</b> ὅταν ἔλθῃ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/luke/9.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> of Man <span class="itali">will be ashamed</span> of him when<br><a href="/kjvs/luke/9.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> of man <span class="itali">be ashamed,</span> when<br><a href="/interlinear/luke/9-26.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> of man <span class="itali">will be ashamed of</span> when he shall come<p><b><a href="/text/romans/1-16.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Romans 1:16</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person Singular">V-PIM/P-1S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/romans/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">οὐ γὰρ <b>ἐπαισχύνομαι</b> τὸ εὐαγγέλιον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/romans/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> <span class="itali">For I am not ashamed</span> of the gospel,<br><a href="/kjvs/romans/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> not <span class="itali">ashamed</span> of the gospel<br><a href="/interlinear/romans/1-16.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> not indeed <span class="itali">I am ashamed of</span> the gospel<p><b><a href="/text/romans/6-21.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Romans 6:21</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 2nd Person Plural">V-PIM/P-2P</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/romans/6.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">οἷς νῦν <b>ἐπαισχύνεσθε</b> τὸ γὰρ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/romans/6.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> you are now <span class="itali">ashamed?</span> For the outcome<br><a href="/kjvs/romans/6.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> ye are now <span class="itali">ashamed?</span> for the end<br><a href="/interlinear/romans/6-21.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> of which now <span class="itali">you are ashamed</span> the indeed<p><b><a href="/text/2_timothy/1-8.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">2 Timothy 1:8</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Subjunctive Passive - 2nd Person Singular">V-ASP-2S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">μὴ οὖν <b>ἐπαισχυνθῇς</b> τὸ μαρτύριον</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/2_timothy/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> Therefore <span class="itali">do not be ashamed</span> of the testimony<br><a href="/kjvs/2_timothy/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> therefore <span class="itali">ashamed</span> of the testimony<br><a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1-8.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> Not therefore <span class="itali">you should be ashamed of</span> the testimony<p><b><a href="/text/2_timothy/1-12.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">2 Timothy 1:12</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 1st Person Singular">V-PIM/P-1S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἀλλ' οὐκ <b>ἐπαισχύνομαι</b> οἶδα γὰρ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/2_timothy/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> these things, <span class="itali">but I am not ashamed;</span> for I know<br><a href="/kjvs/2_timothy/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> I am not <span class="itali">ashamed:</span> for I know<br><a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1-12.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> but not <span class="itali">I am ashamed</span> I know indeed<p><b><a href="/text/2_timothy/1-16.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">2 Timothy 1:16</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-AIP-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">μου οὐκ <b>ἐπαισχύνθη</b> </span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/2_timothy/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> refreshed <span class="itali">me and was not ashamed</span> of my chains;<br><a href="/kjvs/2_timothy/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> was not <span class="itali">ashamed</span> of my chain:<br><a href="/interlinear/2_timothy/1-16.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> of me not <span class="itali">was ashamed of</span><p><b><a href="/text/hebrews/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Hebrews 2:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIM/P-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">αἰτίαν οὐκ <b>ἐπαισχύνεται</b> ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοὺς</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/hebrews/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> reason <span class="itali">He is not ashamed</span> to call<br><a href="/kjvs/hebrews/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> he is not <span class="itali">ashamed</span> to call them<br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> cause not <span class="itali">he is ashamed</span> brothers them<p><b><a href="/text/hebrews/11-16.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Hebrews 11:16</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular">V-PIM/P-3S</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/11.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">διὸ οὐκ <b>ἐπαισχύνεται</b> αὐτοὺς ὁ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/hebrews/11.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> God <span class="itali">is not ashamed</span> to be called<br><a href="/kjvs/hebrews/11.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> is not <span class="itali">ashamed</span> to be called their<br><a href="/interlinear/hebrews/11-16.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> therefore not <span class="itali">is ashamed of</span> them<p><b><a href="/greek/1870.htm">Strong's Greek 1870</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_1870.htm">11 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/epaischunesthe_1870.htm">ἐπαισχύνεσθε — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/epaischunetai_1870.htm">ἐπαισχύνεται — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/epaischunomai_1870.htm">ἐπαισχύνομαι — 2 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/epaischunthe__1870.htm">ἐπαισχυνθῇ — 3 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/epaischunthe_s_1870.htm">ἐπαισχυνθῇς — 1 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/epaischunthe_setai_1870.htm">ἐπαισχυνθήσεται — 2 Occ.</a><br><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/1869.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="1869"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="1869" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/1871.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="1871"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="1871" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>