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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input 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id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Вариации" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вариации"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Вариации</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вариации-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Промени_във_времето" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Промени_във_времето"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Промени във времето</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Промени_във_времето-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бележки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бележки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Бележки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бележки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Етноним</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 42 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%86%D9%8A" title="اسم إثني – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اسم إثني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonim" title="Etnonim – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etnonim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Этнонім – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Этнонім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Этнонім – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Этнонім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etn%C3%B2nim" title="Etnònim – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Etnònim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonymum" title="Etnonymum – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Etnonymum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Этноним – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Этноним" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonym" title="Etnonym – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Etnonym" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Εθνωνύμιο – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνωνύμιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ethnonym" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonimo" title="Etnonimo – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etnonimo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etn%C3%B3nimo" title="Etnónimo – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etnónimo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnon%C3%BC%C3%BCm" title="Etnonüüm – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Etnonüüm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonimo" title="Etnonimo – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etnonimo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="قوم‌نام – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوم‌نام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonyymi" title="Etnonyymi – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etnonyymi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnonyme" title="Ethnonyme – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ethnonyme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etn%C3%B3nimo" title="Etnónimo – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Etnónimo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnik" title="Etnik – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Etnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonim" title="Etnonim – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Etnonim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonimo" title="Etnonimo – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etnonimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%90%8D" title="民族名 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民族名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Этноним – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Этноним" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Этноним – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Этноним" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonimas" title="Etnonimas – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Etnonimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnon%C4%ABms" title="Etnonīms – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Etnonīms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Этноним – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Этноним" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonim" title="Etnonim – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Etnonim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnoniem" title="Etnoniem – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Etnoniem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonym" title="Etnonym – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etnonym" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonim" title="Etnonim – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etnonim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonim" title="Etnonim – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Etnonim" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Этноним – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Этноним" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Омуктар ааттара – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Омуктар ааттара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Етноним – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етноним" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonym" title="Etnonym – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Etnonym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="இனப்பெயர் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இனப்பெயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonim" title="Etnonim – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etnonim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Етнонім – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етнонім" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnonim" title="Etnonim – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Etnonim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%99c_danh" title="Tộc danh – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tộc danh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%A7%B0%E5%91%BC" title="民族称呼 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="民族称呼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1137656#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" rel="discussion" title="Беседа за страницата [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC"><span>Създаване на книга</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=show-download-screen"><span>Изтегляне като PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons 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vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><p><b>Етноним</b> (от <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Гръцки език">гръцки</a>: ἔθνος, éthnos – <i>нация</i> и ὄνομα, ónoma – <i>име</i>) е названието<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> на нации, народи, народности, племена, племенни съюзи, родове и др., както и етнически групи. Произходът и функционирането на етнонимите се изучава от етнонимиката, раздел на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ономастика">ономастиката</a>. </p><p>Етнонимите могат да бъдат разделени на две категории: <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Екзоним">екзоними</a> (името, с което даден народ се назовава от друг народ или народи) и автоними или ендоними (самоназвание). Например, „<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" class="mw-redirect" title="Германец">немци</a>“ e славянският екзоним за <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Германци">германската народност</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австрия">Австрия</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Руски език">руски</a> <i>немцы</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сръбски език">сръбски</a> <i>Немци</i>, хърватски <i>Njemci</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Словенски език">словенски</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Словашки език">словашки</a> <i>nemci</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чешки език">чешки</a> němci, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Полски език">полски</a> <i>niemcy</i>. Самите немци използват автонима <i>Deutsche</i> (<i>до̀йче</i>). Германците са наричани с екзоними и в други европейски езици, като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език">латински</a> <i>Germani</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a> <i>Germans</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Италиански език">италиански</a> <i>tedeschi</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език">френски</a> <i>Allemands</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Испански език">испански</a> <i>alemanes</i>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Португалски език">португалски</a> <i>alemães</i> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Каталонски език">каталонски</a> <i>alemanys</i> ( < <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Къснолатински (страницата не съществува)">къснолатински</a> <i>allemanni</i> < <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Старовисоконемски (страницата не съществува)">старовисоконемски</a> <i>allaman</i> 'букв. всички хора'<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вариации"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.B8"></span>Вариации</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вариации" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Вариации"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Една етническа група може да има множество етноними, които да имат различна степен на официално признаване или приемане от самата общност, например <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Аборигени">аборигените</a> в Австралия, като коренно население, имат над 20 такива етнонима, като не всички от тях са официално признати и използвани. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Промени_във_времето"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D1.8A.D0.B2_.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BE"></span>Промени във времето</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Промени във времето" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Промени във времето"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>С времето някои етноними, които отначало се считат за приемливи, започват да се възприемат като обидни. Такова – според някои – е наванието „<a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Цигани">цигани</a>“ в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Български език">български</a>, което в днешно време често се замества с „<a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Цигани">роми"</a> в духа на прокарваната <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Политическа коректност">политическа коректност</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Новговор">новговора</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Друг пример са термините използвани за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Негри">чернокожото</a> население на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="САЩ">САЩ</a>. По-рано използвани термини като <i>colored</i> („цветнокожи", букв. „оцветени“) и <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Негър">negros</a></i> (<i>нѝгроус</i>, от испански <i>negro</i> – „черен“) се счита, че носят негативна <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конотация">конотация</a>, свързана с периода на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Робство">робството</a> и по-късно с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Расова сегрегация">расовата сегрегация</a> в САЩ, и затова сега се заменят с еквиваленти като <i>black</i> („черни“) и <i>African-Americans</i> („афроамериканци“). Старите термини обаче са останали в имената на някои организации, например <i>Националната асоциация за напредък на цветнокожите</i> (NAACP – организация за граждански права, основана през 1909 г.) и <i>Обединеният негърски университетски фонд</i> (United Negro College Fund – благотворителна организация, основана през 1944 г.). </p><p>Два етнонима, често използвани днес негативно, но само преносно, са <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Вандали">вандали</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хуни">хуни</a> от названията на отдавна изчезнали етнически групи или племенни съюзи. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Варвари">Варвари</a> (от старогръцкото събирателно пренебрежително название за всички, които не били гърци <i>βάρβαροι</i>) също носи отрицателни конотации, без някога да е обозначавало конкретна народност. Затова не е същински етноним. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Литература" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Литература"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Алексеев В. П. Становление человечества М, 1984</li> <li>Алексеев В. П. Этногенез М 1986</li> <li>Артемова О. Ю. Личность и социальные нормы в раннепервобытной общине М 1987</li> <li>Арутюнов С. А. Народы и культуры Развитие и взаимодействие М, 1989</li> <li>Барт Р. Избранные работы Семиотика. Поэтика. М, 1989</li> <li>В. Б. Кашкин, Этноним в наивной философии языка и картине мира</li> <li>Вебер М. Избранное. Образ общества. М 1994</li> <li>Владимир Хънтов (Велико-Тырново) Этнонимы, связанные с названиями квазигосударственных административно-территориальных единиц в современном русском и в современном болгарском языках</li> <li>Герд А. С. Введение в этнолингвистику СПб 1995</li> <li>Грацианская А. Н. Этнографические группы Моравии. К истории этнического развития. М. 1975</li> <li>Гршулевин Н. И. Этническая экология питания. Традиции пищи русских старожилов и народов Закавказья. М. 1996</li> <li>Древние системы письма. Этническая семиотика / Отв. ред. Ю. В. Кнорозов А, 1986</li> <li>Зеленин А. К. Восточнославянская этнография. М. 1991</li> <li>Иванов Вяч. Вс Проблемы этносемиотики // Этнографическое изучение знаковых средств культуры М., 1989</li> <li>Иванов Вяч. Вс. Очерки истории семиотики в СССР М., 1976</li> <li>Имя и этнос / Отв. ред. Р. Ш. Джарылгасинова, В Н Шинкарев М, 1996</li> <li>Этническая ономистика / Отв. ред. Р. Ш. Джарылгасинова, В. А. Никонов М. 1984</li> <li>Куббехь Л. Е. Этнические общности и потестарно-политические структуры доклассовых и раннеклассовых обществ // Этнос в доклассовом и раннеклассовом обществе М, 1982</li> <li>Культура жизнеобеспечения и этнос / Отв. ред. С. А. Арутюнов, Э. С. Маркарян. Ереван 1983</li> <li>Левин М. Г., Чебоксаров Н. Н. Хозяйственно-культурные типы и историко-этнографические области (К постановке проблемы) // Советская этнография, 1955 № 4</li> <li>Новик Е. С. Обряд и фольклор в сибирском шаманизме опыт сопоставления структур. М., 1984</li> <li>Першиц А. И. Этнос в раннеклассовых оседло-кочевнических общностях // Этнос в доклассовом и раннеклассовом обществе. М., 1982</li> <li>Пропп В. Я. Исторические корни волшебной сказки. Л., 1986</li> <li>Русские. Историко-этнографическии атлас. М. 1964</li> <li>Свод этнографических понятий и терминов: <ul><li>Социально-экономические понятия и соционормативная культура. М., 1986, Этнография и смежные дисциплины</li> <li>Этнографические субдисциплины. Школы и направления. Методы. М., 1988</li> <li>Народные знания. Фольклор. Народное искусство. М. 1991</li> <li>Религиозные верования. М. 1993</li> <li>Этнические и этно-социальные категории. М., 1995</li></ul></li> <li>Столяр А. Д. Происхождение искусства. Л, 1980</li> <li>Традиции в истории культуры. М., 1978</li> <li>Тэрнер В. Символ и ритуал. М., 1983</li> <li>Фрэзер Аж. Золотая ветвь исследования магии и религии М. 1980</li> <li>Фрэзер Аж. Фольклор в Ветхом Завете. М., 1985</li> <li>Фреиденберг О. М. Миф и литература древности. М. 1978</li> <li>Чеснов Я. В. Лекции по исторической этнологии: Учебное пособие</li> <li>Чистов К. В. Народные традиции и фольклор. Л., 1986.</li> <li>Шавхелишвили Бела (Тбилиси). Вайнахи и связанные с ними некоторые этнонимы</li> <li>Шилов Ю. Прародина ариев. М. 1995</li> <li>Шнирельман К. А. Проблема доклассового и раннеклассового этноса в зарубежной этнографии // Этнос в доклассовом и раннеклассовом обществе. М, 1982</li> <li>Этнография имен / Отв. ред. В А. Никонов, Г. Г. Стратанович. М. 1971</li> <li>Этнонимы / Отв ред В. А. Никонов. М., 1970</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Екзоним">Екзоним</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Демоним">Демоним</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бележки"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Бележки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Бележки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Бележки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ibl.bas.bg/rbe/lang/bg/етноним/">Етноним в РБЕ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allemand#Etymology">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allemand#Etymology</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF4_февруари_2011" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Труд. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=768288">Ромите пак ще са цигани в Румъния</a> //  Труд.  4 февруари 2011. Посетен на 19 юни 2011. <i>След 1989 г. в Източна Европа, включително и в България, бе наложено политическото мнение, че циганин звучи обидно, и постепенно бе наложен терминът „ром“.</i></cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <table cellspacing="2" style="clear:both; background:white; border:1px dotted rgb(153, 153, 153); padding:.3em; margin-top:.8em; margin-bottom:.5em; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="90px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/60px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/90px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CC_BY-SA_icon.svg/120px-CC_BY-SA_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="Лиценз за свободна документация на ГНУ"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td> <td style="font-style:italic">Тази страница частично или изцяло представлява превод на страницата <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PermaLink/430329722" class="extiw" title="en:Special:PermaLink/430329722">Ethnonym</a> и страницата <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PermaLink/35435056" class="extiw" title="ru:Special:PermaLink/35435056">„Этноним“</a> в Уикипедия на английски и руски език. Оригиналните текстове, както и този превод, са защитени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Криейтив Комънс">Лиценза „Криейтив Комънс – Признание – Споделяне на споделеното“</a>, а за творби, създадени преди юни 2009 година – от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%9D%D0%A3" title="Лиценз за свободна документация на ГНУ">Лиценза за свободна документация на ГНУ</a>. Прегледайте историята на редакциите на оригиналните страници <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PageHistory/Ethnonym" class="extiw" title="en:Special:PageHistory/Ethnonym">тук</a> и <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:PageHistory/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Special:PageHistory/Этноним">тук</a>, за да видите списъка на техните съавтори.  <p><b>ВАЖНО:</b> Този шаблон се отнася единствено до <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%90%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="У:АП">авторските права</a> върху съдържанието на статията. Добавянето му не отменя изискването да се посочват <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%A6%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="У:ЦИ">конкретни източници на твърденията</a>, които да бъдат <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3:%D0%91%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="У:БИ">благонадеждни</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Етноним&oldid=12150634">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Етноним&oldid=12150634</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Категория:Ономастика">Ономастика</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Категория:Етнология">Етнология</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Категория:Антропология">Антропология</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Категория:Социология">Социология</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрита категория: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Категория:Статии с неработещи външни препратки">Статии с неработещи външни препратки</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 28 февруари 2024 г. в 11:24 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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