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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nexus_externi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nexus externi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nexus_externi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Rapa</i> (holus)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raap" title="Raap – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Raap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA" title="لفت – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لفت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_rapa_subsp._rapa" title="Brassica rapa subsp. rapa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brassica rapa subsp. rapa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eal%C4%9Fam" title="Şalğam – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şalğam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85" title="شلغم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شلغم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruop%C4%97" title="Ruopė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ruopė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Турнэпс – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турнэпс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE" title="शलजम – Bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शलजम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE" title="শালগম – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শালগম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉུང་མ། – Tibetana" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉུང་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvin" title="Irvin – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Irvin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap" title="Nap – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nap" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C3%A2i-t%C3%A0u-ch%C3%A1i" title="Duâi-tàu-chái – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Duâi-tàu-chái" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%84%D9%85" title="شێلم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شێلم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navonu" title="Navonu – Corsa" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Navonu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodnice" title="Vodnice – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vodnice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfinen" title="Erfinen – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Erfinen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majroe" title="Majroe – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Majroe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speiser%C3%BCbe" title="Speiserübe – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Speiserübe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Γογγύλι – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γογγύλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turnip" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapo" title="Rapo – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rapo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_rapa_subsp._rapa" title="Brassica rapa subsp. rapa – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brassica rapa subsp. rapa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naeris" title="Naeris – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Naeris" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbi" title="Arbi – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arbi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85" title="شلغم – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شلغم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauris" title="Nauris – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nauris" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navet" title="Navet – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Navet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornapa" title="Tornapa – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tornapa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabo" title="Nabo – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nabo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%AE" title="સલગમ – Gujaratensis" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સલગમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujaratensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napin" title="Napin – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Napin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="לפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE" title="शलजम – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शलजम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repa" title="Repa – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Repa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav%C3%A8" title="Navè – Creolus Haitianus" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Navè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Creolus Haitianus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarl%C3%B3r%C3%A9pa" title="Tarlórépa – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tarlórépa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobak_cina" title="Lobak cina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lobak cina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napo" title="Napo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Napo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6pa" title="Næpa – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Næpa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapa" title="Rapa – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rapa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%96" title="カブ – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ტურნეფსი – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტურნეფსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adgir" title="Adgir – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adgir" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಟರ್ನಿಪ್ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟರ್ನಿಪ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%9C%EB%AC%B4_(%EB%BF%8C%EB%A6%AC)" title="순무 (뿌리) – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="순무 (뿌리)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%84%DA%AF%D9%95%D8%AC" title="گۄگٕج – Casmirica" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گۄگٕج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Casmirica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Турнепс – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Турнепс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rop%C4%97" title="Ropė – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ropė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauka_r%C4%81cenis" title="Lauka rācenis – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lauka rācenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="മധുരമുള്ളങ്കി – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മധുരമുള്ളങ്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turnip" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%85" title="شلم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شلم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knolraap" title="Knolraap – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Knolraap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepe" title="Nepe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nepe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%82ts%C3%ADnii_bik%C3%A9t%C5%82%CA%BC%C3%B3%C3%B3l_dijool%C3%AD_(daad%C3%A1n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD)" title="Niłtsínii bikétłʼóól dijoolí (daadánígíí) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Niłtsínii bikétłʼóól dijoolí (daadánígíí)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap" title="Nap – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nap" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagris" title="Nagris – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Nagris" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Фосы булкъ – Ossetica" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фосы булкъ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸ਼ਲਗਮ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਲਗਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzepa" title="Rzepa – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rzepa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88" title="گونگلو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گونگلو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabo" title="Nabo – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nabo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nap" title="Nap – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nap" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%89)" title="Репа (овощ) – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Репа (овощ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neep" title="Neep – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Neep" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%DA%99%D9%88" title="گوگڙو – Sindhuica" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گوگڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhuica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turnip" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela_repa" title="Bela repa – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Bela repa" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majrova" title="Majrova – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Majrova" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="கோசுக்கிழங்கு – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோசுக்கிழங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulang_singkamas" title="Pulang singkamas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pulang singkamas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ealgam" title="Şalgam – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şalgam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%B1" title="چامغۇر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چامغۇر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Турнепс – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турнепс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85" title="شلغم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شلغم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sholg%27om_(sabzavot)" title="Sholg'om (sabzavot) – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sholg'om (sabzavot)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Turnip" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9C%E8%8F%81" title="芜菁 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="芜菁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2" title="ברוקווע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ברוקווע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9C%E8%8F%81" title="芜菁 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="芜菁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%91" title="葑 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="葑" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A0%AD%E8%8F%9C" title="大頭菜 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大頭菜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3916957#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/VP:Expansio" title="VP:Expansio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/20px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/30px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/40px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="43" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">E Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><div style="width:18em; float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 2em 1em; padding: .25em .5em; box-shadow:8px 8px 8px #CCC; text-align:center; background:white; color:#484848; border:1px solid #BEBEBE;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Turnip_2622027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Turnip_2622027.jpg/240px-Turnip_2622027.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Turnip_2622027.jpg/360px-Turnip_2622027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Turnip_2622027.jpg/480px-Turnip_2622027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div style="padding-bottom:0.2em; font-size:80%"> <a href="/wiki/Radix" class="mw-disambig" title="Radix">Radices</a> <i>Brassicae rapa</i> var. <i>rapa</i></div> <hr /><div style="font-size:100%"><b><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Angiospermae" title="Angiospermae">Angiospermae</a><small></small></div> <div style="padding:0.2em 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-size:90%"> <a href="/wiki/Eudicotyledones" title="Eudicotyledones">Eudicotyledones</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Rosidae" title="Rosidae">Rosidae</a> <br />Ordo : <a href="/wiki/Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a> <br />Familia : <a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a> <br />Genus : <i><a href="/wiki/Brassica" class="mw-redirect" title="Brassica">Brassica</a></i> <br />Species : <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brassica_rapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brassica rapa (non est haec pagina)">B. rapa</a></i> <br /></div><div style="font-size:100%">  <i>Brassica rapa</i> var. <i>rapa</i> <br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">L.</a></small> </div></div> <p><b>Rapa</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> est <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radix_holitoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radix holitoria (non est haec pagina)">radix holitoria</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Species">subspeciei</a> <i><b>rapa</b></i> speciei <i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brassica_rapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brassica rapa (non est haec pagina)">Brassicae rapa</a>,</b></i> quae saepe per omnem <a href="/wiki/Tellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellus">orbem terrarum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">climatibus</a> <a href="/wiki/Zona_temperata" title="Zona temperata">temperatis</a> <a href="/wiki/Albus" title="Albus">albae</a> <a href="/wiki/Caro" title="Caro">carnosaeque</a> <a href="/wiki/Radix_palaris" title="Radix palaris">radicis palaris</a> causa <a href="/wiki/Commercium" title="Commercium">commercio</a> colitur. Varietates parvae et teneres <a href="/wiki/Victus" title="Victus">victui</a> <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">hominum</a>, sed varietates maiores <a href="/wiki/Pabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pabulum">pabulum</a> <a href="/wiki/Pecus" title="Pecus">pecorum</a> prosunt. <i>Turnip</i> et <i>neep,</i> <a href="/wiki/Vocabulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabulum">vocabula</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglice" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglice">Anglica</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentrionali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotia" title="Scotia">Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hibernia" title="Hibernia">Hibernia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornubia" title="Cornubia">Cornubia</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Oriens" title="Oriens">oriente</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quebecum" title="Quebecum">Quebeco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_et_Terra_Laboratoria" title="Terra Nova et Terra Laboratoria">Nova Terra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Provinciae_Maritimae" title="Provinciae Maritimae">Provinciis Maritimis</a>), saepe <a href="/wiki/Brassica_napus_Grex_Napobrassica" title="Brassica napus Grex Napobrassica">rutabaga</a> attingunt, maiorem et <a href="/wiki/Flavus" title="Flavus">flavam</a> radicem holitoriam eiusdem <a href="/wiki/Genus_(taxinomia)" title="Genus (taxinomia)">generis</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Brassica" class="mw-redirect" title="Brassica">Brassicae</a></i>), saepe <a href="/wiki/Suecia" title="Suecia">Sueciae</a> vulgo tributum.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferae varietates raparum et <a href="/wiki/Planta" class="mw-redirect" title="Planta">plantarum</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinapi" title="Sinapi">sinapis</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinapis_alba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinapis alba (non est haec pagina)">Sinapis alba</a>,</i> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brassica_juncea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brassica juncea (non est haec pagina)">Brassicae junceae</a>,</i> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brassica_nigra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brassica nigra (non est haec pagina)">Brassicae nigrae</a></i>) et <i><a href="/wiki/Raphanus_sativus" title="Raphanus sativus">Raphani sativi</a>,</i> eius cognatorum, per <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiam</a> <a href="/wiki/Occidens" title="Occidens">occidentem</a> et <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europam</a> inveniuntur. Ex anno <a href="/wiki/2000_a.C.n." class="mw-redirect" title="2000 a.C.n.">2000 a.C.n.</a> aut ante, variae <i>Brassicae rapa</i> subspecies cognatae, sicut <i>oleifera,</i> a <a href="/wiki/Regio" title="Regio">regione</a> <a href="/wiki/Mare_Mediterraneum" title="Mare Mediterraneum">Mediterranea</a> ad <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiam</a> fortasse identidem <a href="/wiki/Domitus" title="Domitus">domitae sunt</a>, quamquam illae rapae non eaedem erant ac rapae pro radicibus cultae.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aestimata autem domituum <a href="/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus">tempora</a> solum e <a href="/wiki/Nomen_proprium" title="Nomen proprium">nominibus</a> plantarum <a href="/wiki/Linguistica" title="Linguistica">linguistice</a> derivantur.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rapae edules fortasse primum in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> <a href="/wiki/Septentrio" title="Septentrio">septentrionali</a> colebantur, sed <a href="/wiki/Cibus" title="Cibus">cibus</a> magni momenti in <a href="/wiki/Mundus" title="Mundus">mundo</a> <a href="/wiki/Hellenismus" title="Hellenismus">Hellenistico</a> et <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Romanum" title="Imperium Romanum">Romano</a> fiebant.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a> ipsa, <a href="/wiki/Graecia_antiqua" title="Graecia antiqua">Graeca</a> <a href="/wiki/Saeculum_7_a.C.n." title="Saeculum 7 a.C.n.">saeculi septimi a.C.n.</a> <a href="/wiki/Poeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Poeta">poetrix</a>, unum ex suis adulteris Gongýlam appellabat, 'rapam' <a href="/wiki/Significatio_(linguistica)" title="Significatio (linguistica)">significans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">Agricultura</a> rapae deinde ad <a href="/wiki/Oriens" title="Oriens">orientem</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Sinae" class="mw-disambig" title="Sinae">Sinas</a> extendebatur, atque <a href="/wiki/Insula" title="Insula">insulas</a> <a href="/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia">Iaponicas</a> ante annum <a href="/wiki/700" title="700">700</a> attigit.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinacotheca">Pinacotheca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Pinacotheca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Pinacotheca"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wei%C3%9Fe_R%C3%BCbe_(Wiener_Dioskurides,_89r).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wei%C3%9Fe_R%C3%BCbe_%28Wiener_Dioskurides%2C_89r%29.jpg/220px-Wei%C3%9Fe_R%C3%BCbe_%28Wiener_Dioskurides%2C_89r%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wei%C3%9Fe_R%C3%BCbe_%28Wiener_Dioskurides%2C_89r%29.jpg/330px-Wei%C3%9Fe_R%C3%BCbe_%28Wiener_Dioskurides%2C_89r%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Wei%C3%9Fe_R%C3%BCbe_%28Wiener_Dioskurides%2C_89r%29.jpg/440px-Wei%C3%9Fe_R%C3%BCbe_%28Wiener_Dioskurides%2C_89r%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2294" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adumbratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Adumbratio">Adumbratio</a> "rapae albae" (<a href="/wiki/Theodisce" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodisce">Theodisce</a> Pflanzenbild der „Weißen Rübe“). <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides_Vindobonensis" title="Dioscorides Vindobonensis">Dioscorides Vindobonensis</a> fol. 89r (circa 512).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Brosen_flower_nn1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flos rapae."><img alt="Flos rapae." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Brosen_flower_nn1.jpg/103px-Brosen_flower_nn1.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Brosen_flower_nn1.jpg/154px-Brosen_flower_nn1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Brosen_flower_nn1.jpg/206px-Brosen_flower_nn1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flos" title="Flos">Flos</a> rapae.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:CSA-Tokyo-Turnips.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fasciculus raparum Tocioensium."><img alt="Fasciculus raparum Tocioensium." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CSA-Tokyo-Turnips.jpg/120px-CSA-Tokyo-Turnips.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CSA-Tokyo-Turnips.jpg/180px-CSA-Tokyo-Turnips.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/CSA-Tokyo-Turnips.jpg/240px-CSA-Tokyo-Turnips.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5550" data-file-height="3090" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fasciculus raparum <a href="/wiki/Tocio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocio">Tocioensium</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Remscheid_L%C3%BCttringhausen_-_Bauernmarkt_-_R%C3%BCbstiel_02_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Folia et radices."><img alt="Folia et radices." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Remscheid_L%C3%BCttringhausen_-_Bauernmarkt_-_R%C3%BCbstiel_02_ies.jpg/120px-Remscheid_L%C3%BCttringhausen_-_Bauernmarkt_-_R%C3%BCbstiel_02_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Remscheid_L%C3%BCttringhausen_-_Bauernmarkt_-_R%C3%BCbstiel_02_ies.jpg/180px-Remscheid_L%C3%BCttringhausen_-_Bauernmarkt_-_R%C3%BCbstiel_02_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Remscheid_L%C3%BCttringhausen_-_Bauernmarkt_-_R%C3%BCbstiel_02_ies.jpg/240px-Remscheid_L%C3%BCttringhausen_-_Bauernmarkt_-_R%C3%BCbstiel_02_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Folium" title="Folium">Folia</a> et radices.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Antiquitas" title="Antiquitas">Antiquitate</a> <i>rapum</i> et <i>napus,</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smillie 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson 2005: 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zohary, Hopf, et Weiss 2012: 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanderson 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dioscorides, p. 50.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:TurnipsInBasket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TurnipsInBasket.jpg/220px-TurnipsInBasket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TurnipsInBasket.jpg/330px-TurnipsInBasket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TurnipsInBasket.jpg/440px-TurnipsInBasket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption>Rapae in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corbis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corbis (non est haec pagina)">corbe</a> collectae.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dioscorides" title="Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a>, <i>Der Wiener Dioskurides: Codex medicus Graecus 1 der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek.</i>Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt (Glanzlichter der Buchkunst; Band 8/1). <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3201016993" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-201-01699-3</a> (vide <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides_Vindobonensis" title="Dioscorides Vindobonensis">Dioscorides Vindobonensis</a>)</li> <li>Reiner, L., H. Amon, et A. Emmerling-Skala. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>."Die Bayerische Rübe (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa) – eine fast ausgestorbene Speiserübe." <i>Samensurium</i> 12: 35–53.</li> <li>Sanderson, Helen. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>. In <i>The Cultural History of Plants,</i> ed. Ghillean Prance et Mark Nesbitt. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/0415927463" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0415927463</a>.</li> <li>Smillie, Susan. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>. "Are 'neeps' swedes or turnips?" <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>,</i> 25 Ianuarii 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2010/jan/25/neeps-swede-or-turnip">Editio interretialis.</a></li> <li>Zohary, Daniel, Maria Hopf, et Ehud Weiss. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>. <i>Domestication of plants in the Old World: the origin and spread of domesticated plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin.</i> Ed. quarta. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9780199549061" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780199549061</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daikon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daikon (non est haec pagina)">Daikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_oleracea_Grex_Gongylodes" title="Brassica oleracea Grex Gongylodes"><i>Brassica oleracea</i> Grex Gongylodes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externi">Nexus externi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externi"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brassica_rapa_subsp._rapa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brassica rapa subsp. rapa"><i>Brassicam rapam</i> subsp. <i>rapam</i></a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b>Situs scientifici:</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Brassica_rapa.html#rapa">Data taxinomica.</a> Universitas Melburnensis.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/turnip.html">"Turnip."</a> <i>Alternative Field Crop Manual.</i></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&oldid=3807314">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapa_(holus)&oldid=3807314</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Brassica" title="Categoria:Brassica">Brassica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Holera" title="Categoria:Holera">Holera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Fruges_Europae" title="Categoria:Fruges Europae">Fruges Europae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Radices_esculentae" title="Categoria:Radices esculentae">Radices esculentae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Species_plantarum" title="Categoria:Species plantarum">Species plantarum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Taxa_Linnaei" title="Categoria:Taxa Linnaei">Taxa Linnaei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Fruges_Asiae_occidentalis" title="Categoria:Fruges Asiae occidentalis">Fruges Asiae occidentalis</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Biologia" title="Categoria:Myrias Biologia">Myrias Biologia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 30 Decembris 2023 hora 20:36 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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