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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>State bed</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-State_bed-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle State bed subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-State_bed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ceremonial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ceremonial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_sleep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_sleep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>For sleep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_sleep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Peter's_Basilica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Peter's_Basilica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>St. Peter's Basilica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Peter's_Basilica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Processional_canopy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processional_canopy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Processional canopy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Processional_canopy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surname_Baldacchino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surname_Baldacchino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Surname Baldacchino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surname_Baldacchino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مظلة دينية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مظلة دينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Балдахін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балдахін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldaqu%C3%AD" title="Baldaquí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baldaquí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldach%C3%BDn" title="Baldachýn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baldachýn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakin" title="Baldakin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Baldakin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baldachin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldahhiin" title="Baldahhiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baldahhiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldaquino" title="Baldaquino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baldaquino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakeno" title="Baldakeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baldakeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakin" title="Baldakin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baldakin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="آسمانه تخت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آسمانه تخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldaquin" title="Baldaquin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baldaquin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldaquino" title="Baldaquino – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baldaquino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldahin" title="Baldahin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baldahin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakino" title="Baldakino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Baldakino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baldachin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldacchino" title="Baldacchino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baldacchino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldachinum" title="Baldachinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Baldachinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakimas" title="Baldakimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baldakimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemel_(baldakien)" title="Hemel (baldakien) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hemel (baldakien)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baldachin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakijn" title="Baldakijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baldakijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakin" title="Baldakin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baldakin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakin" title="Baldakin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Baldakin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Baldachin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldachim" title="Baldachim – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Baldachim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldaquino" title="Baldaquino – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baldaquino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldachin" title="Baldachin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Baldachin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Балдахин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балдахин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldach%C3%BDn" title="Baldachýn – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baldachýn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldahin" title="Baldahin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baldahin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Балдахин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балдахин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakiini" title="Baldakiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baldakiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldakin" title="Baldakin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baldakin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Балдахин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Балдахин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="เบญจาคริสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบญจาคริสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldaken" title="Baldaken – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baldaken" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Балдахін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балдахін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%96" title="天盖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天盖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldaquin&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldaquin">Baldaquin</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cloth of honour above a throne associated with monarchs</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Baldacchino" redirects here. For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Baldacchino_(surname)" title="Baldacchino (surname)">Baldacchino (surname)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dais_2_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Dais_2_%28PSF%29.png/220px-Dais_2_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Dais_2_%28PSF%29.png/330px-Dais_2_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Dais_2_%28PSF%29.png/440px-Dais_2_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1410" data-file-height="1706" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of a baldachin over a <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>, placed on a <a href="/wiki/Dais" title="Dais">dais</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Antoinette%27s_Bed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Marie_Antoinette%27s_Bed.jpg/220px-Marie_Antoinette%27s_Bed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Marie_Antoinette%27s_Bed.jpg/330px-Marie_Antoinette%27s_Bed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Marie_Antoinette%27s_Bed.jpg/440px-Marie_Antoinette%27s_Bed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Marie Antoinette's bed, which has a baldachin, in the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Trianon" title="Petit Trianon">Petit Trianon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a>, France)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memling_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Memling_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine.jpg/220px-Memling_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Memling_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine.jpg/330px-Memling_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Memling_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine.jpg/440px-Memling_Mystic_Marriage_of_St_Catherine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3781" data-file-height="3510" /></a><figcaption>Enthroned <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> with cloth of honour by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Versailles,_chambre_du_roi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Versailles%2C_chambre_du_roi.jpg/220px-Versailles%2C_chambre_du_roi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Versailles%2C_chambre_du_roi.jpg/330px-Versailles%2C_chambre_du_roi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Versailles%2C_chambre_du_roi.jpg/440px-Versailles%2C_chambre_du_roi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>State bed of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>, <i>Chambre du Roi</i>, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>baldachin</b>, or <b>baldaquin</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">baldacchino</i>), is a <b>canopy of state</b> typically placed over an <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a>. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architectural</a> feature, particularly over <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">high altars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedrals</a>, where such a structure is more correctly called a <a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(architecture)" title="Ciborium (architecture)">ciborium</a> when it is sufficiently architectural in form. Baldachins are often supported on columns, especially when they are disconnected from an enclosing wall.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <b>cloth of honour</b> or <b>cloth of estate</b> is a simpler cloth hanging vertically behind the throne, usually continuing to form a canopy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also be used for similar canopies in interior design, for example above beds, and for processional canopies used in formal state ceremonies such as coronations, held up by four or more men with poles attached to the corners of the cloth. </p><p>"<i>Baldachin</i>" was originally a luxurious type of cloth from <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, from which name the word is ultimately derived, appearing in English as "<i>baudekin</i>" and other spellings. <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a> records that <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a> wore a robe "<i>de preciosissimo baldekino</i>" at a ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> in 1247.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word for the cloth became the word for the ceremonial canopies made from the cloth. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canopies_of_state">Canopies of state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Canopies of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Middle Ages, a hieratic <b>canopy of state</b> (or "estate"), cloth of honour, or <b>cloth of state</b> was hung above the seat of a personage of sufficient standing, as a symbol of authority. The seat under such a canopy of state would normally be raised on a <a href="/wiki/Dais" title="Dais">dais</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cloth above a seat generally continued vertically down to the ground behind the seat. Emperors and kings, reigning dukes and bishops were accorded this honour.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 15th-century manuscript illumination the sovereign Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> in Rhodes sits in state to receive a presentation copy of the author's book. His seat is raised on a carpet-covered dais and backed with a richly embroidered <i>dosser</i> (French, <i>dos</i>). Under his feet is a cushion, such as protected the feet of the King of France when he presided at a <i><a href="/wiki/Lit_de_justice" title="Lit de justice">lit de justice</a></i>. The King of France was also covered by a mobile canopy during his coronation, held up on poles by several <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_France" title="Peerage of France">peers</a> of France. The <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> in particular is very often shown sitting under a cloth of honour in medieval and Renaissance paintings where she is shown enthroned with saints. </p><p>The cloth was often simply a luxurious textile, often imported and with rich patterns, as in <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocades</a>, but might have heraldic elements. French kings are often shown with blue cloths patterned with the gold <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lys" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleur-de-lys">fleur-de-lys</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Margaret Beaufort</a>, mother of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> in her portrait by an anonymous artist, c. 1500 prays under a canopy of estate; one can see the <a href="/wiki/Dossal" title="Dossal">dosser</a> against the gilded leather wall-covering and the tester above her head (the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a> at its centre) supported on cords from the ceiling. The coats-of-arms <a href="/wiki/Embroidered" class="mw-redirect" title="Embroidered">embroidered</a> or woven into the <a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">tapestry</a> are of England (parted as usual with France) and the portcullis badge of the Beauforts. </p><p>Sometimes, as in the <a href="/wiki/Presentation_miniature" title="Presentation miniature">presentation miniature</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jean_Wauquelin_presenting_his_%27Chroniques_de_Hainaut%27_to_Philip_the_Good" title="Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good">Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rogier_van_der_Weyden" title="Rogier van der Weyden">Rogier van der Weyden</a>, the cloth continues over the seat, and then to the floor. In the summer of 1520, a meeting was staged between <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a>, where the ostentatious display of wealth and power earned the meeting-place the name of <a href="/wiki/Field_of_Cloth_of_Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Field of Cloth of Gold"><i>The Field of Cloth of Gold</i></a>. The canopy of estate may still be seen in most formal <a href="/wiki/Throne_room" title="Throne room">throne rooms</a>. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, was a prisoner in England at <a href="/wiki/Tutbury_Castle" title="Tutbury Castle">Tutbury Castle</a> in 1585 she protested to her keepers <a href="/wiki/Amias_Paulet" title="Amias Paulet">Amias Paulet</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Somers_(courtier)" title="John Somers (courtier)">John Somers</a> about the removal of her cloth of estate from a dining room, which seemed to be a slight against her royal status.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_bed">State bed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: State bed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ceremonial">Ceremonial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ceremonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state bed, intended for receiving important visitors and producing heirs before a select public, but not intended for sleeping in,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> evolved during the second half of the seventeenth century, developing the medieval tradition of receiving visitors in the bedroom, which had become the last and most private room of the standard suite of rooms in a Baroque apartment. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> developed the rituals of receptions in his state bedchamber, the <i><a href="/wiki/Levee_(ceremony)" title="Levee (ceremony)">petit lever</a></i> to which only a handful of his court élite might expect to be invited. The other monarchs of Europe soon imitated his practice; even his staunchest enemy, <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a>, had his "grooms of the bedchamber", a signal honour. </p><p>The state bed, a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lit_%C3%A0_la_duchesse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lit à la duchesse (page does not exist)">lit à la duchesse</a></i>—its canopy supported without visible posts—was delivered for the use of Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_Leszczy%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>, as the centrepiece of a new decor realised for the Queen in 1730–35.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its tester is quickly recognisable as a baldachin, serving its time-honoured function; the bedding might easily be replaced by a gilded throne. The queens of France spent a great deal of time in their <i>chambre</i>, where they received the ladies of the court at the morning <i>lever</i> and granted private audiences. By the time Marie Antoinette escaped the mob from this bedroom, such state beds, with the elaborate <a href="/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette">etiquette</a> they embodied, were already falling out of use. A state bed with a domed tester designed in 1775–76 by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a> for Lady Child at <a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another domed state bed, delivered by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale" title="Thomas Chippendale">Thomas Chippendale</a> for Sir Edwin Lascelles at <a href="/wiki/Harewood_House" title="Harewood House">Harewood House</a>, Yorkshire, in 1773<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are two of the last English state beds intended for a main floor State Bedroom in a non-royal residence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_sleep">For sleep</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: For sleep"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Britain, monarchs slept in a state bed in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> the night before their coronation. This tradition was started by <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> in 1066 and continued until 1821, when <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a> was the last monarch to sleep in the bed. The original state bed was damaged in a fire and replaced in 1859. The new bed remained in the <a href="/wiki/Speaker%27s_House" title="Speaker's House">Speaker's House</a> until the 1940s, when it was moved out as too opulent to be there during the difficult times of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. It was probably sold during a government modernisation, somehow appeared in an auction in Northamptonshire, and was bought for a family for £100 in the 1960s. They used it for thirty years, recognising that it was important but not knowing where it came from until an interiors expert at the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> published an appeal to try to find it. The bed was bought back from the family and returned to Speaker's House after restoration and with new hangings. It can be viewed during tours of the Speaker's House.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="St._Peter's_Basilica"><span id="St._Peter.27s_Basilica"></span>St. Peter's Basilica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: St. Peter's Basilica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_baldachin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter's baldachin">St. Peter's baldachin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernini_Baldachino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bernini_Baldachino.jpg/220px-Bernini_Baldachino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bernini_Baldachino.jpg/330px-Bernini_Baldachino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Bernini_Baldachino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernini" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernini">Bernini</a>'s "Baldacchino" in St Peter's, Vatican City</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> to design and construct a large structure that would be placed over the main altar, believed to be above the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, in the new <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canopy imitated cloth in bronze, as did many subsequent imitations. This famous and spectacular feature is generally called the "Baldacchino", though strictly it is a <a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(architecture)" title="Ciborium (architecture)">ciborium</a>. </p><p>Bernini's design for the Baldacchino incorporated giant <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_columns" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomonic columns">solomonic columns</a> inspired by columns that ringed the altar of the Old St. Peter's.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These columns were originally donated by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine</a>, and a false tradition asserts they are the columns from the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Jerusalem">Temple of Jerusalem</a>. The lowest parts of the four columns of Bernini's Baldachin have a helical groove, and the middle and upper sections of the columns are covered in olive and bay branches, which are populated with a myriad of bees and small putti. Pope Urban VIII's family coat of arms, those of the <a href="/wiki/Barberini" class="mw-redirect" title="Barberini">Barberini</a> family, with their signature bees, are at the base of every column.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of these combine to create a feeling of upward movement.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processional_canopy">Processional canopy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Processional canopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bnf059.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bnf059.jpg/220px-Bnf059.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bnf059.jpg/330px-Bnf059.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bnf059.jpg/440px-Bnf059.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3351" data-file-height="5044" /></a><figcaption>Victorious <a href="/wiki/Royal_entry" title="Royal entry">royal entry</a> by King Louis XII of France into <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, after a siege. Miniature by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourdichon" title="Jean Bourdichon">Jean Bourdichon</a>, c. 1508</figcaption></figure> <p>A baldachin may also be used in formal processions, including <a href="/wiki/Royal_entries" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal entries">royal entries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> or funeral processions, to <a href="/wiki/Status_symbol" title="Status symbol">signify the elite status</a> of the individual it covers. The origins of such an emblematic use in Europe lay in the courts of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Assyrian">Neo-Assyrian</a> state, adopted in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> perhaps as early as the late seventh century BC, but relegated to the use of women by the late fifth century (compare <a href="/wiki/Parasol" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasol">parasol</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such canopies might be made of anything from muslin to heavy brocade, or even constructed of less flexible materials, and are supported by poles, whether affixed to a carriage, or carried by people walking on each side. An Egyptian pharaoh, for example, was escorted both in life and in death by such a canopy of estate. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>, the ruler of Spain from 1939 to 1975, frequently walked under a baldachin after formally proclaiming Spain a monarchy—a privilege he appropriated as de facto regent for life. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Spain" title="Holy Week in Spain">Spanish Holy Week processions</a> the sculptures of Virgin Mary, shown as Queen of Sorrow, use to go on their floats under canopies with embroideries Madr with gold or silver yarn </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surname_Baldacchino">Surname Baldacchino</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Surname Baldacchino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The surname Baldacchino comes from the artisans who used to make the Baldachin. The surname is found mainly in the islands of Malta and Sicily, particularly in Agrigento and Naro. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller at Rhodes under a canopy of estate, on a dais: there is a cushion under his feet."><img alt="The Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller at Rhodes under a canopy of estate, on a dais: there is a cushion under his feet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg/229px-Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg/344px-Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg/458px-Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3134" data-file-height="4514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller at Rhodes under a canopy of estate, on a dais: there is a cushion under his feet.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaretbeaufort.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Margaret Beaufort, Queen Mother, at prayer, by an anonymous artist, about 1500"><img alt="Margaret Beaufort, Queen Mother, at prayer, by an anonymous artist, about 1500" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Margaretbeaufort.jpg/204px-Margaretbeaufort.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Margaretbeaufort.jpg/306px-Margaretbeaufort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Margaretbeaufort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Margaret Beaufort</a>, Queen Mother, at prayer, by an anonymous artist, about 1500</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorenzo_Lotto_060.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A cloth of honour held over the Virgin by angels, in an altarpiece by Lorenzo Lotto"><img alt="A cloth of honour held over the Virgin by angels, in an altarpiece by Lorenzo Lotto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lorenzo_Lotto_060.jpg/286px-Lorenzo_Lotto_060.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lorenzo_Lotto_060.jpg/429px-Lorenzo_Lotto_060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Lorenzo_Lotto_060.jpg/572px-Lorenzo_Lotto_060.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1901" data-file-height="2195" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cloth of honour held over the Virgin by angels, in an altarpiece by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lotto" title="Lorenzo Lotto">Lorenzo Lotto</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Versailles_Queen%27s_Chamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="At Versailles, the Chambre de la Reine features the centrally-placed state bed delivered for Queen Maria Leszczinska."><img alt="At Versailles, the Chambre de la Reine features the centrally-placed state bed delivered for Queen Maria Leszczinska." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Versailles_Queen%27s_Chamber.jpg/420px-Versailles_Queen%27s_Chamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Versailles_Queen%27s_Chamber.jpg/630px-Versailles_Queen%27s_Chamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Versailles_Queen%27s_Chamber.jpg/840px-Versailles_Queen%27s_Chamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="786" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">At <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>, the <i>Chambre de la Reine</i> features the centrally-placed state bed delivered for Queen <a href="/wiki/Maria_Leszczy%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Leszczyńska">Maria Leszczinska</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taddeo_Zuccari_003_Entr%C3%A9e_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_%26_Charles_V_%C3%A0_Paris_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Francis I of France, Charles V, and Cardinal Alessandro Farnese"><img alt="King Francis I of France, Charles V, and Cardinal Alessandro Farnese" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Taddeo_Zuccari_003_Entr%C3%A9e_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_%26_Charles_V_%C3%A0_Paris_%28cropped%29.jpg/237px-Taddeo_Zuccari_003_Entr%C3%A9e_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_%26_Charles_V_%C3%A0_Paris_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Taddeo_Zuccari_003_Entr%C3%A9e_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_%26_Charles_V_%C3%A0_Paris_%28cropped%29.jpg/356px-Taddeo_Zuccari_003_Entr%C3%A9e_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_%26_Charles_V_%C3%A0_Paris_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Taddeo_Zuccari_003_Entr%C3%A9e_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_%26_Charles_V_%C3%A0_Paris_%28cropped%29.jpg/474px-Taddeo_Zuccari_003_Entr%C3%A9e_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Ier_%26_Charles_V_%C3%A0_Paris_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2815" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">King <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor_Charles_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman Emperor Charles V">Charles V</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Alessandro_Farnese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Alessandro Farnese">Cardinal Alessandro Farnese</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 147.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 145.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedroom_of_the_emperor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A baldachin in Empire style above a daybed"><img alt="A baldachin in Empire style above a daybed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bedroom_of_the_emperor.jpg/218px-Bedroom_of_the_emperor.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bedroom_of_the_emperor.jpg/328px-Bedroom_of_the_emperor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bedroom_of_the_emperor.jpg/437px-Bedroom_of_the_emperor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="1969" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A baldachin in <a href="/wiki/Empire_(style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (style)">Empire style</a> above a <a href="/wiki/Daybed" title="Daybed">daybed</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 332px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:22_Kroningshall_i_det_kongelige_slott_i_Stockholm_A.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Baldachin covering the Silver Throne in the Hall of State of Stockholm Palace, Sweden"><img alt="Baldachin covering the Silver Throne in the Hall of State of Stockholm Palace, Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/22_Kroningshall_i_det_kongelige_slott_i_Stockholm_A.JPG/495px-22_Kroningshall_i_det_kongelige_slott_i_Stockholm_A.JPG" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/22_Kroningshall_i_det_kongelige_slott_i_Stockholm_A.JPG/743px-22_Kroningshall_i_det_kongelige_slott_i_Stockholm_A.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/22_Kroningshall_i_det_kongelige_slott_i_Stockholm_A.JPG/990px-22_Kroningshall_i_det_kongelige_slott_i_Stockholm_A.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baldachin covering the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Throne" title="Silver Throne">Silver Throne</a> in the Hall of State of <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Palace" title="Stockholm Palace">Stockholm Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_de_Blois_38.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balachin in blue decorated with fleurs-de-lys in the former royal residence of Château de Blois"><img alt="Balachin in blue decorated with fleurs-de-lys in the former royal residence of Château de Blois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Chateau_de_Blois_38.jpg/247px-Chateau_de_Blois_38.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Chateau_de_Blois_38.jpg/371px-Chateau_de_Blois_38.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Chateau_de_Blois_38.jpg/495px-Chateau_de_Blois_38.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Balachin in blue decorated with <i><a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lys" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleur-de-lys">fleurs-de-lys</a></i> in the former royal residence of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Blois">Château de Blois</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salamanca._Virgen_de_la_Esperanza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of Hope under canopy. Holy Week in Salamanca, Spain"><img alt="Our Lady of Hope under canopy. Holy Week in Salamanca, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Salamanca._Virgen_de_la_Esperanza.jpg/247px-Salamanca._Virgen_de_la_Esperanza.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Salamanca._Virgen_de_la_Esperanza.jpg/371px-Salamanca._Virgen_de_la_Esperanza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Salamanca._Virgen_de_la_Esperanza.jpg/495px-Salamanca._Virgen_de_la_Esperanza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Our Lady of Hope under canopy. <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week_in_Salamanca" title="Holy Week in Salamanca">Holy Week in Salamanca</a>, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 149.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 147.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_De_Manila.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Our Lady of La Naval de Manila during the enthronement rites at Santo Domingo Church"><img alt="Our Lady of La Naval de Manila during the enthronement rites at Santo Domingo Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_De_Manila.jpg/221px-Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_De_Manila.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_De_Manila.jpg/331px-Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_De_Manila.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_De_Manila.jpg/441px-Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_De_Manila.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Naval_de_Manila" title="Our Lady of La Naval de Manila">Our Lady of La Naval de Manila</a> during the enthronement rites at <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_Church_(Quezon_City)" title="Santo Domingo Church (Quezon City)">Santo Domingo Church</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciborium_(architecture)" title="Ciborium (architecture)">Ciborium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopteros" title="Monopteros">Monopteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedicule" class="mw-redirect" title="Aedicule">Aedicule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">Gazebo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Baldac</i> is a medieval Latin form for <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, whence fine silks reached Europe.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The hangings were rewoven for Marie Antoinette. The present hangings, made at Lyon by the same firm that delivered the originals, replicate the hangings as they were in 1787.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Of this grandiose bed <a href="/wiki/Horace_Walpole" title="Horace Walpole">Horace Walpole</a> asked in a private letter "what would <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> think of a <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a> decorated by a milliner?"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/baldachin-architecture">"Baldachin | architecture"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Baldachin+%7C+architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Fbaldachin-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clive Edwards, "Cloth of estate", <i>Encyclopedia of Furnishing Textiles, Floorcoverings and Home Furnishing Practices, 1200–1950</i> (Lund Humphreys, 2007), p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Ettinghausen et al., <i>The Art and Architecture of Islam: 650-1250</i>, 1987, Yale University Press (Yale/Penguin History of Art)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clive Edwards, "Cloth of estate", <i>Encyclopedia of Furnishing Textiles, Floorcoverings and Home Furnishing Practices, 1200–1950</i> (Lund Humphreys, 2007), p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Hayward" title="Maria Hayward">Maria Hayward</a>, "Symbols of Majesty: Cloths of Estate at the Court of Henry VIII", <i>Furniture History</i>, 41 (2005), pp. 1–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jade Scott, <i>Captive Queen: The Decrypted History of Mary, Queen of Scots</i> (London: Michael O'Mara Books, 2024), p. 238: Clare Hunter, <i>Embroidering Her Truth: Mary, Queen of Scots and the Language of Power</i> (Sceptre, 2023), pp. 290–291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter K. Thornton, <i>Authentic Decor: the Domestic Interior 1620–1920</i>, (London, 1985) and <i>Seventeenth-Century Interior Decoration in England, France and Holland</i>, (New Haven & London, 1981).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annabel Westman and Aasha Tyrrell, "The Restoration of the Harewood State Bed" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harewood.org/chippendale/archives/restorers-account.htm">on-line</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060317022056/http://www.harewood.org/chippendale/archives/restorers-account.htm">Archived</a> 2006-03-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhannel2023" class="citation web cs1">Whannel, Kate (30 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-64347139">"The family that bought the King's bed for £100"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+family+that+bought+the+King%27s+bed+for+%C2%A3100&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft.aulast=Whannel&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-64347139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/vatican-baldacchino-basilica-restoration-8b59dc9317bbff9214943c5438aa9f57">"Vatican unveils plans for restoring Bernini's canopy in St. Peter's Basilica"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a></i>. 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Vatican+unveils+plans+for+restoring+Bernini%27s+canopy+in+St.+Peter%27s+Basilica&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvatican-baldacchino-basilica-restoration-8b59dc9317bbff9214943c5438aa9f57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/vatican-baldacchino-basilica-restoration-8b59dc9317bbff9214943c5438aa9f57">"Vatican unveils plans for restoring Bernini's canopy in St. Peter's Basilica"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press News">Associated Press News</a></i>. 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Vatican+unveils+plans+for+restoring+Bernini%27s+canopy+in+St.+Peter%27s+Basilica&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvatican-baldacchino-basilica-restoration-8b59dc9317bbff9214943c5438aa9f57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpetersbasilica.info/Altars/PapalAltar/PapalAltar.htm">"St. Peter's - Papal Altar & Baldacchino"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Peter%27s+-+Papal+Altar+%26+Baldacchino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstpetersbasilica.info%2FAltars%2FPapalAltar%2FPapalAltar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archeoroma.org/sites/papal-basilica-st-peter-vatican/">"St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican | History, description, useful information"</a>. 27 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Peter%27s+Basilica+in+the+Vatican+%26%23124%3B+History%2C+description%2C+useful+information&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archeoroma.org%2Fsites%2Fpapal-basilica-st-peter-vatican%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. C. Miller, "The Parasol: An Oriental Status-Symbol in Late Archaic and Classical Athens," <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies,</i> 112 (1992) 91-105.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9011928">"baldachin (architecture)"</a>. <i>Encyclopœdia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C5%93dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=baldachin+%28architecture%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9011928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1907" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Peterson, John Bertram (1907). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Baldachinum of the Altar"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Baldachinum_of_the_Altar">"Baldachinum of the Altar" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baldachinum+of+the+Altar&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=John+Bertram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaldachin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldachin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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