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principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Petr%C3%B2li" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Petr%C3%B2li" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Petr%C3%B2li" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Petr%C3%B2li" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Formacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Formacion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formacion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Formacion</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Formacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Quimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Origina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teoria_biogenica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoria_biogenica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Teoria biogenica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoria_biogenica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teoria_abiogenica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoria_abiogenica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Teoria abiogenica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoria_abiogenica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composicion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composicion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Composicion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composicion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extraccion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraccion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Extraccion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraccion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria_del_petròli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria_del_petròli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Istòria del petròli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istòria_del_petròli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Situacion_actuala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situacion_actuala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Situacion actuala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Situacion_actuala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Situacion actuala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Situacion_actuala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Païses_productors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Païses_productors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Païses productors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Païses_productors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impacte_ecologic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impacte_ecologic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Impacte ecologic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impacte_ecologic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resèrvas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resèrvas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Resèrvas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resèrvas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Petròli</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 151 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-151" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">151 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruolie" title="Ruolie - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ruolie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6l" title="Erdöl - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erdöl" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%94%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፔትሮሊየም - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፔትሮሊየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7" title="نفط - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفط" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%A6%DC%9B%DC%90" title="ܢܦܛܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܦܛܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84" title="پيطرول - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پيطرول" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84" title="بترول - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بترول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleu" title="Petroleu - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Petroleu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Нарт - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Нарт" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA" title="نفت - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نفت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нефть - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нефть" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napta" title="Napta - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Napta" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolyo" title="Petrolyo - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Petrolyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82" title="Нефт - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нефт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पेट्रोलियम - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पेट्रोलियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="খনিজ তেল - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনিজ তেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoul-maen" title="Eoul-maen - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eoul-maen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Газарай тоһон - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Газарай тоһон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroli" title="Petroli - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Petroli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolyo" title="Petrolyo - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Petrolyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%D8%AA" title="نەوت - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەوت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ropa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%C4%83" title="Нехтă - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нехтă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroliwm" title="Petroliwm - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Petroliwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A5olie" title="Råolie - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Råolie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpam_(Petroleum)" title="Kpam (Petroleum) - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kpam (Petroleum)" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6l" title="Erdöl - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erdöl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Petrol" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πετρέλαιο - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πετρέλαιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B2li" title="Petròli - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Petròli" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafto" title="Nafto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nafto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Petróleo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroliu" title="Petroliu - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Petroliu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85" title="نفت خام - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نفت خام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa%C3%B6ljy" title="Maaöljy - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maaöljy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olja" title="Olja - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Olja" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9trole" title="Pétrole - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pétrole" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerd%C3%B6%C3%B6le" title="Eerdööle - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eerdööle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroli" title="Petroli - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Petroli" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierdoalje" title="Ierdoalje - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierdoalje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peitriliam" title="Peitriliam - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peitriliam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Petróleo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itakyra" title="Itakyra - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Itakyra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet%C3%BCroolia" title="Petüroolia - wayú" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Petüroolia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="wayú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danyen_mai" title="Danyen mai - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Danyen mai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CC%8Dk-y%C3%B9" title="Sa̍k-yù - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sa̍k-yù" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%98" title="נפט - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נפט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="शिलारस - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिलारस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petw%C3%B2l" title="Petwòl - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Petwòl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%91olaj" title="Kőolaj - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kőolaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A9" title="Նավթ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նավթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A9" title="Նաֆթ - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նաֆթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleo" title="Petroleo - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Petroleo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Minyak bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolo" title="Petrolo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Petrolo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hr%C3%A1ol%C3%ADa" title="Hráolía - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hráolía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichruoliom" title="Pichruoliom - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pichruoliom" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ctile" title="ctile - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ctile" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_patra" title="Lenga patra - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lenga patra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნავთობი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნავთობი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мұнай - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұнай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೆಟ್ರೋಲಿಯಮ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೆಟ್ರೋಲಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0" title="석유 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мунай - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мунай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84erdueleg" title="Äerdueleg - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Äerdueleg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerdaolje" title="Aerdaolje - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aerdaolje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%C9%94l%C9%94%CC%81" title="Pitɔlɔ́ - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pitɔlɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitany" title="Solitany - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Solitany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Minyak bumi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പെട്രോളിയം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെട്രോളിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Газрын тос - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газрын тос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खनिज तेल - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खनिज तेल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3lio" title="Petrólio - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Petrólio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B6" title="ရေနံ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေနံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA" title="نفت - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نفت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapopohtli" title="Chapopohtli - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Chapopohtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerd%C3%B6%C3%A4ly" title="Aerdöäly - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Aerdöäly" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="खनिज तेल - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खनिज तेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardolie" title="Aardolie - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardolie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chid%C3%AD_bik%CA%BCah" title="Chidí bikʼah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chidí bikʼah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhuubbaa_zayitii" title="Dhuubbaa zayitii - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhuubbaa zayitii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਕੱਚਾ ਤੇਲ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੱਚਾ ਤੇਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%B6l" title="Erdöl - alemany palatí" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Erdöl" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="alemany palatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa_naftowa" title="Ropa naftowa - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ropa naftowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پٹرولیئم - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پٹرولیئم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85/_%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%84" title="پټرولیم/ تېل - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پټرولیم/ تېل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo" title="Petróleo - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Petróleo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpa_wira" title="Allpa wira - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpa wira" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Petrol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нефть - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нефть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ропа - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ропа" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BF" title="Ниэп - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ниэп" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitr%C3%B2liu" title="Pitròliu - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pitròliu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="බොරතෙල් - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බොරතෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropa" title="Ropa - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ropa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nafta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shidaal" title="Shidaal - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shidaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafta_e_pap%C3%ABrpunuar" title="Nafta e papërpunuar - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nafta e papërpunuar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyili" title="Oyili - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Oyili" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_bumi" title="Minyak bumi - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Minyak bumi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Petroleum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafuta_ya_petroli" title="Mafuta ya petroli - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mafuta ya petroli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="பாறை எண்ணெய் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாறை எண்ணெய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పెట్రోలియం - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పెట్రోలియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82" title="Нафт - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нафт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ปิโตรเลียม - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปิโตรเลียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Petrol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нефть - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нефть" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%81%D9%89%D8%AA" title="نېفىت - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېفىت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Нафта - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нафта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پٹرولیم - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پٹرولیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neft" title="Neft - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neft" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Petrolio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivivoi" title="Kivivoi - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kivivoi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A7u_m%E1%BB%8F" title="Dầu mỏ - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dầu mỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrole" title="Petrole - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Petrole" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrolyo_(krudo)" title="Petrolyo (krudo) - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Petrolyo (krudo)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნაფთობი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნაფთობი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="נאפט - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油 - 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class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="//oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengadocian"><img alt="Aqueste article es redigit en lengadocian." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.svg/30px-Flag_of_Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.svg/45px-Flag_of_Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.svg/60px-Flag_of_Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Petroleum_cm05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Petroleum_cm05.jpg/220px-Petroleum_cm05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Petroleum_cm05.jpg/330px-Petroleum_cm05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Petroleum_cm05.jpg/440px-Petroleum_cm05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Mòstra de petròli</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Fuel_Barrels.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fuel_Barrels.JPG/220px-Fuel_Barrels.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fuel_Barrels.JPG/330px-Fuel_Barrels.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Fuel_Barrels.JPG/440px-Fuel_Barrels.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Barrals de petròli</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo <b>petròli</b> es una mescla complèxa non omogenèa d'<a href="/wiki/Idrocarbur" title="Idrocarbur">idrocarburs</a>, còrses compausats formats per <a href="/wiki/Idrog%C3%A8n" title="Idrogèn">idrogèn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni">carbòni</a>. Lo petròli pòt prendre diferents aspèctes, de jaunàs e liquid a negre e viscós. Aquestas diferéncias son degudas a las relacions entre los tipes d'idrocarburs. Es una <a href="/wiki/Ressorsa_naturala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ressorsa naturala">ressorsa naturala</a> non renovelabla, e actualament tanben la principala font d'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> dels païses desvolopats. </p><p>Aquesta mescla d'<a href="/wiki/Idrocarbur" title="Idrocarbur">idrocarburs</a> apareis generalament associada a de grandas pòchas de gas natural, en jaces embarrats pendent de milierats d'ans jos tèrra, cobèrts per las sisas superioras de la <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2r%C3%A7a_terr%C3%A8stra" title="Escòrça terrèstra">rusca terrèstra</a>. </p><p>L'extraccion, lo rafinatge e la combustion dels carburants petrolièrs liberan de grandas quantitats de <a href="/wiki/Gas_d%27efi%C3%A8ch_de_s%C3%A8rra" title="Gas d'efièch de sèrra">gases d'efièch de sèrra</a>, çò que ne fa un dels principals responsables del <a href="/wiki/Rescalfament_climatic" title="Rescalfament climatic">rescalfament climatic</a>. L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ag%C3%A9ncia_internacionala_de_l%27energia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agéncia internacionala de l'energia (la pagina existís pas)">Agéncia internacionala de l'energia</a> evalua las emissions mondialas de gases d'efièch de sèrre degudas a la combustion del petròli a <span class="nowrap">11 436 Mt</span> (milions de tònas) d'equivalent <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Dioxid de carbòni">CO2</a> en 2022, en progression de 32,2 % dempuèi 1990, mas en baissa de 1,7 % dempuèi lo pic atench en 2019 ; aquelas emissions representan 32,7 % de las emissions degudas a la combustion en 2022, contre 43,7 % pel <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> e 21,3 % per lo <a href="/wiki/Gas_natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas natural">gas natural</a> ; sa part atenhiá 40,5 % en 1990. L'expleitacion del petròli dins son ensemble a des consequéncias socialas dirèctas, tala que guèrras o accions politicas, marèas negras, pollucion dels sites d'expleitacion, etc. ; e indirèctas : migracions ligadas al cambiament climatic, declin de la biodiversitat, etc. Sos produits derivats son tanben font de pollucion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formacion">Formacion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Formacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Formacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quimia">Quimia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Quimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Quimia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Octane_molecule_3D_model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Octane_molecule_3D_model.png/250px-Octane_molecule_3D_model.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Octane_molecule_3D_model.png/375px-Octane_molecule_3D_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Octane_molecule_3D_model.png/500px-Octane_molecule_3D_model.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octan (la pagina existís pas)">Octan</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Idrocarbur" title="Idrocarbur">idrocarbur</a> que se trapa dins lo petròli; las linhas son de <a href="/wiki/Ligam_covalent" title="Ligam covalent">ligams covalents</a>, las esfèras negras son de <a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni">carbònis</a>, las esfèras blancas son d'<a href="/wiki/Idrog%C3%A8n" title="Idrogèn">idrogèns</a></figcaption></figure> <p>L'estructura quimica del petròli se compausa de cadenas d'<a href="/wiki/Idrocarbur" title="Idrocarbur">idrocarburs</a> de longors diferentas. Aqueles idrocarburs diferents son desseparats per <a href="/wiki/Destillacion" title="Destillacion">destillacion</a> dins de refinariás per produire de gasolina, fuel, querogèn, e d'autres idrocarburs. La formula generala per aqueles <a href="/wiki/Alcan" title="Alcan">alcans</a> es <i>C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub></i>. Per exemple <a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2,4-Trimetilpentan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2,4-Trimetilpentan (la pagina existís pas)">2,2,4-Trimetilpentan</a>, fòrça utilizat dins la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gasolina (la pagina existís pas)">gasolina</a>, a per formula quimica <i>C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub></i> que reagís <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exotermic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exotermic (la pagina existís pas)">exotermicament</a> amb l'<a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A8n" title="Oxigèn">oxigèn</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2\,\mathrm {C_{8}H} _{18(l)}+25\,\mathrm {O} _{2(g)}\rightarrow \;16\,\mathrm {CO} _{2(g)}+18\,\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{(l)}+\mathrm {calor} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>18</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>25</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mn>16</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>18</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2\,\mathrm {C_{8}H} _{18(l)}+25\,\mathrm {O} _{2(g)}\rightarrow \;16\,\mathrm {CO} _{2(g)}+18\,\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{(l)}+\mathrm {calor} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/251acfb105157f9dfad184170ac821420b979f88" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:53.65ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2\,\mathrm {C_{8}H} _{18(l)}+25\,\mathrm {O} _{2(g)}\rightarrow \;16\,\mathrm {CO} _{2(g)}+18\,\mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O} _{(l)}+\mathrm {calor} }"></span> </p><p>La combustion incompleta de petròli o de gasolina balha d'emissions de gases toxics coma lo <a href="/wiki/Monoxid_de_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Monoxid de carbòni">monoxid de carbòni</a> e/o l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_nitric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid nitric (la pagina existís pas)">oxid nitric</a>. Per exemple: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{8}H} _{18(l)}+12,5\,\mathrm {O} _{2(g)}+\mathrm {N} _{2(g)}\rightarrow \;6\,\mathrm {CO} _{2(g)}+2\,\mathrm {CO} _{(g)}+2\,\mathrm {NO} _{(g)}+9\,\mathrm {H_{2}O} _{(l)}+\mathrm {calor} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>18</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{8}H} _{18(l)}+12,5\,\mathrm {O} _{2(g)}+\mathrm {N} _{2(g)}\rightarrow \;6\,\mathrm {CO} _{2(g)}+2\,\mathrm {CO} _{(g)}+2\,\mathrm {NO} _{(g)}+9\,\mathrm {H_{2}O} _{(l)}+\mathrm {calor} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa16d5dc7b0f29ec2ab53e8e0b239bb4cee634e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:80.097ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{8}H} _{18(l)}+12,5\,\mathrm {O} _{2(g)}+\mathrm {N} _{2(g)}\rightarrow \;6\,\mathrm {CO} _{2(g)}+2\,\mathrm {CO} _{(g)}+2\,\mathrm {NO} _{(g)}+9\,\mathrm {H_{2}O} _{(l)}+\mathrm {calor} }"></span> </p><p>Lo petròli se pòt formar dins una varietat de reaccions endotermicas dins de nautas condicions de temperatura e/o pression. Per exemple, lo <a href="/wiki/Querog%C3%A8n" title="Querogèn">querogèn</a> se pòt descompausar en <a href="/wiki/Idrocarbur" title="Idrocarbur">idrocarburs</a> de longors diferentas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origina">Origina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Origina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Origina"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo petròli se forma dins las concas marinas pauc prigondas ont prolifèran de grandas quantitats de <a href="/wiki/Plancton" title="Plancton">plancton</a>, qu'es un ensems d'organismes microscopics que vivon en suspension dins los jaces superficials de la <a href="/wiki/Mar" title="Mar">mar</a>. Quand morisson, lo plancton s'acumula amb una granda quantitat de <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria_organica" title="Matèria organica">matèria organica</a> que demòra dins la fanga del fons de la conca sedimentària. S'aquestes organismes demòran longtemps subre lo fons marin, subiràn un processus d'<a href="/wiki/Oxidacion" title="Oxidacion">oxidacion</a>. Tanben, se demòran fòra del contacte de l'<a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A8n" title="Oxigèn">oxigèn</a> dissòut dins l'aiga marina, isolats per un jaç de sediment inorganic impermeable, un processus diagenetic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaer%C3%B2bi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaeròbi (la pagina existís pas)">anaeròbi</a> se va produire, que i participa l'aumentacion de <a href="/wiki/Pression" title="Pression">pression</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> amb l'accion de <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A8ri" title="Bactèri">bactèris</a> anaeròbis que transforman la matèria organica en <a href="/wiki/Idrocarbur" title="Idrocarbur">idrocarburs</a>. Dins una primièra fasa, se produsís a l'encòp la compactacion e la litificacion dels sediments: los bactèris degradan los organismes vius que lor fan mestièr per s'alimentar, e transforman los residús en una substància insolubla organica amb estructuras ciclicas que s'anomena <i>querogèn</i> e que constituís la matèria primièra del petròli. </p><p>Lo petròli es produsit per la transformacion dels acids grasses del querogèn que se transforman en idrocarburs pesucs e qu'aprèp un processus de maduracion se copan e fan d'idrocarburs liquids e gasós. Un còp formats los idrocarburs al dintre del sediment, se pòdon passar doas causas: </p> <ol><li>Siá lo petròli demòra al dintre de la ròca que s'i forma, que normalament es impermeabla e de textura fina. Dins aquel cas l'esplecha comerciala es pas gaire rentabla, ja que cal excavar, triturar e destillar de grandas quantitats de ròcas fins a poder obtenir un petròli liquid. Se tracta de processus qu'exigisson una granda quantitat d'aiga e genèran tanben una granda quantitat de residús rocalhós (impacte ecologic).</li> <li>Siá lo petròli pòt pujar cap a de zonas superioras de porositat e permeabilitat melhoras, per encausa de la fòrta compactacion.</li></ol> <p>Lo petròli se tròba pas dins un tipe determinat de ròcas mas pòt embeure tota ròca que siaga pro porosa. De mai del petròli, dins aquestas ròcas se pòt trapar tanben de <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> (CH<sub>4</sub>) e d'<a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aiga</a> salada, eissits del seu processus de formacion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teoria_biogenica">Teoria biogenica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Teoria biogenica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Teoria biogenica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon aquesta teoria, l'origina probabla del petròli es l'acumulacion d'enòrmas quantitats de rèstas <a href="/wiki/Pre%C3%AFst%C3%B2ria" title="Preïstòria">preïstoricas</a> d'animals marins e de vegetals terrèstres. Pendent de milions d'annadas, mesclats amb de sediments, jos l'accion intensa de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compression&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compression (la pagina existís pas)">compression</a> e de la <a href="/wiki/Calor" title="Calor">calor</a> generadas, se transformèron en petròli e en gas. Aquestes darrièrs, per desplaçament, an embegut las ròcas pus porosas e permeablas e se son acumulats dins de pòchas, sovent situadas entre una pòcha de gas e una pòcha d'aiga salada. D'alà aquestes petròli e gas se pòdon extraire per foratge e pompatge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teoria_abiogenica">Teoria abiogenica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Teoria abiogenica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Teoria abiogenica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'idèa de l'origina abiogenica del petròli se basa subre los estudis de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Kudryavtsev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Kudryavtsev (la pagina existís pas)">Nikolai Kudryavtsev</a>. La teoria prepausa que de grandas quantitats de <a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B2ni" title="Carbòni">carbòni</a> existisson jos forma naturala sus la planeta, unas jos forma d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Idrocarburs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idrocarburs (la pagina existís pas)">idrocarburs</a>. Los idrocarburs son mens denses que los autres fluids aquós, e pujan a travèrs los malhums de fracturas. Los organismes microbians <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extremofils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extremofils (la pagina existís pas)">extremofils</a> serián en partida la causa dels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcaires_biologics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcaires biologics (la pagina existís pas)">marcaires biologics</a> trobats dins lo petròli, mas lor ròtle dins la formacion, alteracion o contaminacion dels divèrses depaus d'idrocarburs es encara desconegut<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Los calculs termodinamics<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e los estudis experimentals confirman que los <i>n</i>-alcans (compausats comuns del petròli) evolucionan pas espontanèament del <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metan</a> a las pressions tipicas dels bacins sedimentaris, e doncas la teoria de l'origina abiogenica dels idrocarburs suggerís la generacion a grandas prigondors (jols <span class="nowrap">200 km</span>). La teoria suggerís qu'aquestes idrocarburs, petròli inclús, pujarián amb de metan, de còps que i a amb d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88li" title="Èli">èli</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/Az%C3%B2t" title="Azòt">azòt</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metals_pesucs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metals pesucs (la pagina existís pas)">metals pesucs</a>. Los que prepausan aquesta teoria pensan que las resèrvas jamai s'acabaràn pr'amor que son autoalimentadas per la part inferiora. Aquesta teoria es una opinion minoritària, especialament demest los geològs; cap de companhiá petrolièra es pas coneguda actualament per far de recèrcas petrolièras basadas dessús. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composicion">Composicion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Composicion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Composicion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los petròlis an de composicions diferentas en foncion de lor origina. La mescla d’idrocarburs eissida d'aquel long processus conten de cadenas linearas mai o mens longas, e de cadenas ciclicas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naftenica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naftenica (la pagina existís pas)">naftenicas</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aromatica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aromatica (la pagina existís pas)">aromaticas</a>. Es possible de destriar los diferents tipes de petròli segon sas <a href="/wiki/Densitat" title="Densitat">densitat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluiditat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluiditat (la pagina existís pas)">fluiditat</a>, e la preséncia de <a href="/wiki/Sofre" title="Sofre">sofre</a> e autras impuretats (<a href="/wiki/Vanadi" title="Vanadi">vanadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercuri_(element)" title="Mercuri (element)">mercuri</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sal_(quimia)" title="Sal (quimia)">sals</a>). Lo petròli pòt èsser <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parafinic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parafinic (la pagina existís pas)">parafinic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naftenic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naftenic (la pagina existís pas)">naftenic</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aromatic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aromatic (la pagina existís pas)">aromatic</a>. Es tanben possible de los classificar segon lor provenença (<a href="/wiki/Golf_Persic" title="Golf Persic">Golf Persic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Mar del Nòrd">Mar del Nòrd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vene%C3%A7u%C3%A8la" title="Veneçuèla">Veneçuèla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8ria" title="Nigèria">Nigèria</a>), los petròlis eissits de jaciments vesins an sovent de proprietats pròchas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraccion">Extraccion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Extraccion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Extraccion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg/220px-Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg/330px-Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg/440px-Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Plataforma petrolifèra</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo petròli s'extrai per foratge d'un <a href="/wiki/Potz" title="Potz">potz</a> subre lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaciment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaciment (la pagina existís pas)">jaciment</a>. Se la pression de la pòcha de gas es sufisenta, forçarà la sortida naturala del petròli a travèrs del potz qu'es religat a un malhum d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleoducte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleoducte (la pagina existís pas)">oleoductes</a> cap al seu emmagazinament, transpòrt e rafinatge. Aprèp un temps d'esplecha del jaciment la pression davalarà e farà mestièr d'utilizar d'autras tecnicas per l'extraccion, per exemple l'injeccion d'aiga o de gas, entre autras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria_del_petròli"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria_del_petr.C3.B2li"></span>Istòria del petròli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria del petròli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria del petròli"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dempuèi l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">antiquitat</a> lo petròli es conegut jos forma naturala dins unas regions coma los païses de l'Orient Mejan. </p><p>Fa 6000 ans, los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ass%C3%ADria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assíria (la pagina existís pas)">assirians</a> e <a href="/wiki/Babil%C3%B2nia_(reialme)" title="Babilònia (reialme)">babilonians</a> l'utilizavan per pegar de pavats de ceramica o de pèira; los egipcians, per se graissar la pèl; e las tribús <a href="/w/index.php?title=Precolombian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precolombian (la pagina existís pas)">precolombianas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a> per pintar d'esculturas. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1859" class="mw-redirect" title="1859">1859</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_L._Drake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin L. Drake (la pagina existís pas)">Edwin L. Drake</a> cavèt lo primièr potz de petròli, prèp de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titusville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titusville (la pagina existís pas)">Titusville</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Pensilv%C3%A0nia" title="Pensilvània">Pensilvània</a>, daissant aquesta data coma la de la <span class="citation">«descobèrta»</span> del petròli. </p><p>Lo <a href="/wiki/14_de_setembre" title="14 de setembre">14 de setembre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1960" class="mw-redirect" title="1960">1960</a> a <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>) s'es constituida l'<a href="/wiki/OPEP" class="mw-redirect" title="OPEP">OPEP</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Situacion_actuala">Situacion actuala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Situacion actuala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Situacion actuala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Païses_productors"><span id="Pa.C3.AFses_productors"></span>Païses productors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Païses productors" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Païses productors"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los principals productors de petròli son l'<a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita">Arabia Saudita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kowait" title="Kowait">Kowait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vene%C3%A7uela" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneçuela">Veneçuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, los <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reialme Unit</a>, entre autres. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Paysexportateursdepetrole.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Paysexportateursdepetrole.png/350px-Paysexportateursdepetrole.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Paysexportateursdepetrole.png/525px-Paysexportateursdepetrole.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Paysexportateursdepetrole.png/700px-Paysexportateursdepetrole.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Païses exportadors de petròli</figcaption></figure> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <th>N°</th> <th>Païs</th> <th>Milion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baril_(unitat_de_mesura)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baril (unitat de mesura) (la pagina existís pas)">baril (bbl)</a></th> <th>% del total </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabia_Saudita" title="Arabia Saudita">Arabia Saudita</a> </td> <td>4028 </td> <td>13,6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>3486 </td> <td>11,8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a> </td> <td>2493 </td> <td>8,4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>1478 </td> <td>5,0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a> </td> <td>1372 </td> <td>4,6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-disambig" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>1324 </td> <td>4,5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A0" title="Canadà">Canadà</a> </td> <td>1112 </td> <td>3,8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vene%C3%A7uela" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneçuela">Veneçuela</a> </td> <td>1098 </td> <td>3,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> </td> <td>1084 </td> <td>3,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emirats_Arabis_Units" title="Emirats Arabis Units">Emirats Arabis Units</a> </td> <td>1004 </td> <td>3,4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kowait" title="Kowait">Kowait</a> </td> <td>965 </td> <td>3,3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8ria" title="Nigèria">Nigèria</a> </td> <td>942 </td> <td>3,2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argeria" title="Argeria">Argeria</a> </td> <td>736 </td> <td>2,5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td>664 </td> <td>2,2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reialme Unit</a> </td> <td>660 </td> <td>2,2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> </td> <td>627 </td> <td>2,1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> </td> <td>621 </td> <td>2,1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan">Cazacstan</a> </td> <td>498 </td> <td>1,7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%B2la" title="Angòla">Angòla</a> </td> <td>453 </td> <td>1,5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td>415 </td> <td>3,4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td>Rèsta del mond </td> <td>4538 </td> <td>15,3% </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>29597</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Font : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bp.com">BP Statistical Review of World Energy - June 2006</a> <br /> Son inclús los volums de petròli eissits de las <a href="/wiki/Sabla_bituminosa" title="Sabla bituminosa">sablas bituminosas</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistres_bituminoses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistres bituminoses (la pagina existís pas)">sistres bituminoses</a> autres que los liquids separats del <a href="/wiki/Gas_natural" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas natural">gas natural</a> ( “Natural Gas Liquids - NGL”). Son exclús los <a href="/wiki/Carburant" title="Carburant">carburants</a> (<i>liquid fuels</i>) eissits d'autres fonts (es. carbone). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impacte_ecologic">Impacte ecologic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Impacte ecologic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Impacte ecologic"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La combustion de sos derivats produsís de particulas residualas: <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Dioxid de carbòni">CO<sub>2</sub></a>, SO (oxid de sofre), NO (oxids nitrós), etc. Los escampaments de petròli presentan una amenaça fòrta per l'<a href="/wiki/Environament" title="Environament">environament</a> <a href="/wiki/Mar" title="Mar">marin</a>. L’impacte environamental pus inquietant del petròli es l’emission de <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Dioxid de carbòni">dioxid de carbòni</a> resultant de son utilizacion coma <a href="/wiki/Carburant" title="Carburant">carburant</a> e dirèctament ligada a l'<a href="/wiki/Escalfament_global" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalfament global">escalfament global</a>. De mai, per encausa de son importància fondamentala per l'indústria manufacturièra e los <a href="/wiki/Transp%C3%B2rt" title="Transpòrt">transpòrts</a>, l'aumentacion del pretz del petròli pòt èsser responsabla de grandas variacions dins las economias localas e provocar un fòrt impacte sus l'economia globala. </p><p>Coma substàncias alternativas als combustibles derivats del petròli cal citar lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodiesel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biodiesel (la pagina existís pas)">biodiesel</a>, òli combustible amb de caracteristicas comparablas al diesel que s'extrai principalament de las granas oleaginosas de divèrsas plantas o lo <a href="/wiki/Etan%C3%B2l" title="Etanòl">bioetanòl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%B2l" title="Alcòl">alcòl</a> de rèstas vegetalas, que se pòt utilitzar en lo mesclant amb d'autres combustibles o per la fabricacion d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Et%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etèr (la pagina existís pas)">etèrs</a>, que son de basas per fabricar de combustibles mai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecologic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecologic (la pagina existís pas)">ecologics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resèrvas"><span id="Res.C3.A8rvas"></span>Resèrvas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Resèrvas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Resèrvas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Se l'extraccion contunha al meteis ritme que lo de <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>, levat que se trobèsse de jaciments novèls, las resèrvas mondialas duraràn aproximativament 42 ans. S'estima que sobra aperaquí 143 miliards de tonas (1,05 miliard de barrils) </p><p>Un metòde predictiu foguèt elaborat pel geològ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_King_Hubbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion King Hubbert (la pagina existís pas)">Marion King Hubbert</a>, per determinar lo moment que la produccion d’un camp petrolifèr atenh son punt maximal. En <a href="/wiki/1956" class="mw-redirect" title="1956">1956</a>, aviá aital previst lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pic_petroli%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pic petrolièr (la pagina existís pas)">pic petrolièr</a> dels <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a> en <a href="/wiki/1970" class="mw-redirect" title="1970">1970</a><sup id="cite_ref-Wingert_Hubbert_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wingert_Hubbert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Segon lo modèl de Hubbert, la produccion d’una ressorsa non renovelabla, a condicion que siaga pas tròp perturbada per d'eveniments extèrnes, seguís una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pic_de_Hubbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pic de Hubbert (la pagina existís pas)">evolucion</a> que sembla d’en primièr una creissença exponenciala, puèi estagna e torna davalar. </p><p>Aquela lei s’aplica al petròli, e una cinquantena de païses ja an passats son pic de produccion. Ça que la, es fòrça dificil d’estimar quand aqueste pic va arribar al nivèl mondial : cap a 2010 pels uns, dins qualques desenas d'annadas pels autres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referéncias"><span id="Refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr%C3%B2li&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmo.net/curriculum/heat_of_combustion/heat_of_combustion_key.html">Heat of Combustion of Fuels</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/10169154-cT5xip/10169154.PDF">Petroleum Study</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Journal_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:Journal reference (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Journal reference</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Journal_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:Journal reference (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Journal reference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/17/10976">Enllaç a l'article</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wingert_Hubbert-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wingert_Hubbert_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Luc Wingert, <i>La Vie après le pétrole</i>, P49-51.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="títol">Suls autres projèctes Wikimèdia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Petroleum?uselang=oc">Petròli</a>, sus <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span> </li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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