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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- head to scrape:on --> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title> item </title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#007eb4" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.fontawesome.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com" /> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.all.min.js"> <link rel="prefetch" href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2021.1.119/js/kendo.timezones.min.js"> <link rel="preconnect" 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"who-western-pacific", "healthtopic": "None" });</script> <script> (function() { function deleteCookie(cookieName,domain) { document.cookie = cookieName + '=;expires=Mon Jan 01 1900 00:00:00 ; path=/; domain=' + domain; } function loadAndTrack(canTrack) { if (!canTrack) { var domain = location.hostname.replace(/^www\./i, '.'); //GA deleteCookie('_ga', domain); deleteCookie('_gat', domain); deleteCookie('_gid', domain); //Clarity deleteCookie('_clck', domain); deleteCookie('_clsk', domain); //Google Adsense deleteCookie('_gcl_au', domain); } else{ //Fire GTM //Google Tag Manager (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5QFSQRT'); //End Google Tag Manager } return; } if (window.TrackingConsentManager) { 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data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"> <div id="TopHeader_TD9F2A204012_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div class="sf_colsIn col-md-4" data-sf-element="Geo Navigation" data-placeholder-label="Geo Navigation"> <div id="sf-geo-navigation-container"> <nav class="sf-geo-navigation" aria-label="Regions"> <ul class="sf-primary-geo-navigation"> <li class=" sf-no-logo"> <a href="https://www.who.int/" class="mobile nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </a> <a href="https://www.who.int/" class="desktop">Global</a> </li> <li class="active has-children"> <a href="#">Regions</a> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-container"> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-wrapper"> <div class="sf-geo-navigation-title"> <div class="nav-header"> <span class="nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </span> <span class="nav-title">WHO Regional websites</span> <div class="nav-back-btn"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i></div> </div> </div> <ul class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation sf-secondary-geo-navigation-region row"> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/africa.png?sfvrsn=3204f957_18" alt="Africa" /> <span>Africa</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?lang=en"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/americas.png?sfvrsn=9efd6df3_18" alt="Americas" /> <span>Americas</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/southeastasia"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/south-east-asia.png?sfvrsn=68e76dc2_16" alt="South-East Asia" /> <span>South-East Asia</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/europe.png?sfvrsn=c7d5c5a5_18" alt="Europe" /> <span>Europe</span> </a> </li> <li class=" col-md-4"> <a href="http://www.emro.who.int/index.html"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/eastern-mediterranean.png?sfvrsn=71211e18_16" alt="Eastern Mediterranean" /> <span>Eastern Mediterranean</span> </a> </li> <li class="active col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.who.int/westernpacific/"> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons" data-src="/images/default-source/fallback/maps/western-pacific.png?sfvrsn=88cbdcd5_16" alt="Western Pacific" /> <span>Western Pacific</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=" has-children"> <a href="#">Countries</a> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-container"> <div class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation-wrapper"> <div class="sf-geo-navigation-title"> <div class="nav-header"> <span class="nav-logo"> <img class="svg" src="/images/default-source/fallback/header-logos/h-logo-blue.svg?sfvrsn=aaed4f35_20" alt="World Health Organization" /> </span> <span class="nav-title">Countries, territories and areas in the WHO Western Pacific Region:</span> <div class="nav-back-btn"><i class="fas fa-angle-left"></i></div> </div> </div> <ul class="sf-secondary-geo-navigation sf-secondary-geo-navigation-country"> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/ams.gif?sfvrsn=6fb9fe33_4" alt="American Samoa (USA)" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/americansamoa/">American Samoa (USA)</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/aus.gif?sfvrsn=2fc3e7ff_4" alt="Australia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/australia/">Australia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/brn.gif?sfvrsn=56e8eaab_4" alt="Brunei Darussalam" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/brunei/">Brunei Darussalam</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/khm.gif?sfvrsn=8769d4e1_4" alt="Cambodia" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/cambodia/">Cambodia</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/chn.gif?sfvrsn=f8de96a3_4" alt="China" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/china/">China</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/cok.gif?sfvrsn=84fc1780_4" alt="Cook Islands" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/cookislands/">Cook Islands</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/fji.gif?sfvrsn=938446db_4" alt="Fiji" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/fiji/">Fiji</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/pyf.gif?sfvrsn=c8c931dc_4" alt="French Polynesia (France)" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/frenchpolynesia/">French Polynesia (France)</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/gum.gif?sfvrsn=a93e4c3c_4" alt="Guam (USA)" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/guam/">Guam (USA)</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/hkg.gif?sfvrsn=b5db17cf_4" alt="Hong Kong SAR (China)" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/hongkongchina/">Hong Kong SAR (China)</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/jpn.gif?sfvrsn=249a4765_4" alt="Japan" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/japan/">Japan</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/kir.gif?sfvrsn=ee77e59f_4" alt="Kiribati" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/kiribati/">Kiribati</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/lao.gif?sfvrsn=ff80b8b3_6" alt="Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/laos/">Lao People&#39;s Democratic Republic</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" data-src="/images/default-source/wpro/site-images/flags/mac.gif?sfvrsn=57413173_4" alt="Macao SAR (China)" /> <a href="https://www.who.int/macaochina/">Macao SAR (China)</a> </li> <li class=""> <img class="lazy-navigation-icons icon-flag" 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