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angle</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: contacts angle"> <meta name="keywords" content="contacts angle"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="contacts angle"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1612</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: contacts angle</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1612</span> Barrier Lowering in Contacts between Graphene and Semiconductor Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhipeng%20Dong">Zhipeng Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Guo"> Jing Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graphene-semiconductor contacts have been extensively studied recently, both as a stand-alone diode device for potential applications in photodetectors and solar cells, and as a building block to vertical transistors. Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with vanishing density-of-states at the Dirac point, which differs from conventional metal. In this work, image-charge-induced barrier lowering (BL) in graphene-semiconductor contacts is studied and compared to that in metal Schottky contacts. The results show that despite of being a semimetal with vanishing density-of-states at the Dirac point, the image-charge-induced BL is significant. The BL value can be over 50% of that of metal contacts even in an intrinsic graphene contacted to an organic semiconductor, and it increases as the graphene doping increases. The dependences of the BL on the electric field and semiconductor dielectric constant are examined, and an empirical expression for estimating the image-charge-induced BL in graphene-semiconductor contacts is provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor%20materials" title=" semiconductor materials"> semiconductor materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schottky%20barrier" title=" schottky barrier"> schottky barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20charge" title=" image charge"> image charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contacts" title=" contacts "> contacts </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69844/barrier-lowering-in-contacts-between-graphene-and-semiconductor-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1611</span> Microswitches with Sputtered Au, Aupd, Au-on-Aupt, and Auptcu Alloy - Electric Contacts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolay%20Konukhov">Nikolay Konukhov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper to report on a new analytic model for predicting microcontact resistance and the design, fabrication, and testing of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches with sputtered bimetallic (i.e., gold (Au)-on-Au-platinum (Pt), (Au-on-Au-(6.3at%)Pt)), binary alloy (i.e., Au-palladium (Pd), (Au-(3.7at%)Pd)), and ternary alloy (i.e., Au-Pt-copper (Cu), (Au-(5.0at%)Pt-(0.5at%)Cu)) electric contacts. The microswitches with bimetallic and binary alloy contacts resulted in contact resistance values between 1–2 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloys" title="alloys">alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20contacts" title=" electric contacts"> electric contacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microelectromechanical%20systems%20%28MEMS%29" title=" microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)"> microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microswitch" title=" microswitch"> microswitch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139320/microswitches-with-sputtered-au-aupd-au-on-aupt-and-auptcu-alloy-electric-contacts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1610</span> Adjustment of the Whole-Body Center of Mass during Trunk-Flexed Walking across Uneven Ground</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soran%20Aminiaghdam">Soran Aminiaghdam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Rode"> Christian Rode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reinhard%20Blickhan"> Reinhard Blickhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astrid%20Zech"> Astrid Zech</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite considerable studies on the impact of imposed trunk posture on human walking, less is known about such locomotion while negotiating changes in ground level. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of the VBCOM in response to a two-fold expected perturbation, namely alterations in body posture and in ground level. To this end, the kinematic data and ground reaction forces of twelve able participants were collected. We analyzed the vertical position of the body center of mass (VBCOM) from the ground determined by the body segmental analysis method relative to the laboratory coordinate system at touchdown and toe-off instants during walking across uneven ground — characterized by perturbation contact (a 10-cm visible drop) and pre- and post-perturbation contacts — in comparison to unperturbed level contact while maintaining three postures (regular erect, ~30° and ~50° of trunk flexion from the vertical). The VBCOM was normalized to the distance between the greater trochanter marker and the lateral malleoli marker at the instant of TD. Moreover, we calculated the backward rotation during step-down as the difference of the maximum of the trunk angle in the pre-perturbation contact and the minimal trunk angle in the perturbation contact. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs revealed contact-specific effects of posture on the VBCOM at touchdown (F = 5.96, p = 0.00). As indicated by the analysis of simple main effects, during unperturbed level and pre-perturbation contacts, no between-posture differences for the VBCOM at touchdown were found. In the perturbation contact, trunk-flexed gaits showed a significant increase of VBCOM as compared to the pre-perturbation contact. In the post-perturbation contact, the VBCOM demonstrated a significant decrease in all gait postures relative to the preceding corresponding contacts with no between-posture differences. Main effects of posture revealed that the VBCOM at toe-off significantly decreased in trunk-flexed gaits relative to the regular erect gait. For the main effect of contact, the VBCOM at toe-off demonstrated changes across perturbation and post-perturbation contacts as compared to the unperturbed level contact. Furthermore, participants exhibited a backward trunk rotation during step-down possibly to control the angular momentum of their whole body. A more pronounced backward trunk rotation (2- to 3-fold compared with level contacts) in trunk-flexed walking contributed to the observed elevated VBCOM during the step-down which may have facilitated drop negotiation. These results may shed light on the interaction between posture and locomotion in able gait, and specifically on the behavior of the body center of mass during perturbed locomotion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=center%20of%20mass" title="center of mass">center of mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perturbation" title=" perturbation"> perturbation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posture" title=" posture"> posture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uneven%20ground" title=" uneven ground"> uneven ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking" title=" walking"> walking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86029/adjustment-of-the-whole-body-center-of-mass-during-trunk-flexed-walking-across-uneven-ground" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1609</span> Annealing of the Contact between Graphene and Metal: Electrical and Raman Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sakavi%C4%8Dius">A. Sakavičius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Luk%C5%A1a"> A. Lukša</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Nargelien%C4%97"> V. Nargelienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Bukauskas"> V. Bukauskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Astromskas"> G. Astromskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20%C5%A0etkus"> A. Šetkus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the influence of annealing on the properties of a contact between graphene and metal (Au and Ni), using circular transmission line model (CTLM) contact geometry. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and Raman spectroscopy are applied for characterization of the surface and interface properties. Annealing causes a decrease of the metal-graphene contact resistance for both Ni and Au. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Au%2FGraphene%20contacts" title="Au/Graphene contacts">Au/Graphene contacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelvin%20force%20probe%20microscopy" title=" Kelvin force probe microscopy"> Kelvin force probe microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiC%2FGraphene%20contacts" title=" NiC/Graphene contacts"> NiC/Graphene contacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%2FGraphene%20contacts" title=" Ni/Graphene contacts"> Ni/Graphene contacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67751/annealing-of-the-contact-between-graphene-and-metal-electrical-and-raman-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1608</span> Performance Improvement of Photovoltaic Module at Different Tilt Angle in Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Bunyan">Hussain Bunyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Ali"> Wesam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we will study the performance of a Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) system with different tilt angle arrangement in Kuwait (latitude 30˚ N). In this study the PV system is installed facing south, collecting maximum solar radiation at noon, and their angles are from 00 to 900 respectively, during full year at the Solstice and Equinox periods and aiming for a higher angle than 300 with competitive output power. The results show that the performance and the output power of the PV system with 50˚ tilt angle, is equivalent to the latitude tilt angle (30˚) during a full year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20model" title="photovoltaic model">photovoltaic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt%20angle" title=" tilt angle"> tilt angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system%20performance" title=" PV system performance"> PV system performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=State%20of%20Kuwait" title=" State of Kuwait"> State of Kuwait</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14874/performance-improvement-of-photovoltaic-module-at-different-tilt-angle-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1607</span> Social Contact Patterns among School-Age Children in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dih%20Ling%20Luh">Dih Ling Luh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhi%20Shih%20You"> Zhi Shih You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szu%20Chieh%20Chen"> Szu Chieh Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social contact patterns among school-age children play an important role in the epidemiology of infectious disease. Since many of the greatest threats to human health are spread by direct person-to-person contact, understanding the spread of respiratory pathogens and patterns of human interactions are public health priorities. This study used social contact diaries to compare the number of contacts per day per participant across different flu/non-flu seasons and weekend/weekday. We also present contact properties such as sex, age, masking, setting, frequency, duration, and contact types among school-age children (grades 7–8). The sample size with pair-wise comparisons for the seasons (flu/non-flu) and stratification by location were 54 and 83, respectively. There was no difference in the number of contacts during the flu and non-flu seasons, with averages of 16.3 (S.D. = 12.9) and 14.6 (S.D. = 9.5) people, respectively. Weekdays were associated with 23% and 28% more contacts than weekend days during the non-flu and flu seasons, respectively (p < 0.001) (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20patterns" title="contact patterns">contact patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza" title=" influenza"> influenza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20mixing" title=" social mixing"> social mixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42689/social-contact-patterns-among-school-age-children-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1606</span> Aerodynamic Investigation of Rear Vehicle by Geometry Variations on the Backlight Angle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saud%20Hassan">Saud Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper shows simulation for the prediction of the flow around the backlight angle of the passenger vehicle. The CFD simulations are carried out on different car models. The Ahmed model “bluff body” used as the stander model to study aerodynamics of the backlight angle. This paper described the airflow over the different car models with different backlight angles and also on the Ahmed model to determine the trailing vortices with the varying backlight angle of a passenger vehicle body. The CFD simulation is carried out with the Ahmed body which has simplified car model mainly used in automotive industry to investigate the flow over the car body surface. The main goal of the simulation is to study the behavior of trailing vortices of these models. In this paper the air flow over the slant angle of 0,5o, 12.5o, 20o, 30o, 40o are considered. As investigating on the rear backlight angle two dimensional flows occurred at the rear slant, on the other hand when the slant angle is 30o the flow become three dimensional. Above this angle sudden drop occurred in drag. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahemd%20vehicle" title=" Ahemd vehicle "> Ahemd vehicle </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backlight%20angle" title=" backlight angle"> backlight angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method "> finite element method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26384/aerodynamic-investigation-of-rear-vehicle-by-geometry-variations-on-the-backlight-angle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">781</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1605</span> Clinical and Chemokine Profile in Leprosy Patients During Multidrug Therapy (MDT) and Their Healthy Contacts: A Randomized Control Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Kothari">Rohit Kothari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Leprosyis a chronic granulomatous diseasecaused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. Lepra). Reactions may interrupt its usual chronic course.Type-1 (T1R)and type-2 lepra reaction(T2R) are acute events and signifytype-IV and type-III hypersensitivity responses, respectively. Various chemokines like CCL3, 5, 11, and CCL24 may be increased during the course of leprosy or during reactions and may serve as markers of early diagnosis, response to therapy, and prognosis. Objective: To find correlation of CCL3, 5, 11, and CCL24 in leprosy patients on multidrug therapy and their family contacts after ruling out active disease during leprosy treatment and during periods of lepra reactions. Methodology: This randomized control trial was conducted in 50 clinico-histopathologically diagnosed cases of leprosy in a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru, India. 50 of their family contacts were adequately examined and investigated should the need be to rule out active disease. The two study-groups comprised of leprosy cases, and the age, sex, and area of residence matched healthy contactswho were given single-dose rifampicin prophylaxis, respectively. Blood samples were taken at baseline, six months, and after one yearin both the groups (on completion of MDT in leprosy cases)and also during periods of reaction if occurred in leprosy cases. Results: Our study found that at baseline, CCL5, 11, and 24 were higher in leprosy cases as compared to the healthy contacts, and the difference was statistically significant.CCL3 was also found to be higherat baseline in leprosy cases, however, the difference was not statistically significant. At six months and one year, the levels of CCL 5, 11, and 24 reduced, and the difference was statistically significant in leprosy cases, whereas it remained almost static in all the healthy contacts. Twenty patients of leprosy developed lepra reaction during the course of one year, and during reaction, the increase in CCL11 and 24 was statistically significant from baseline, whereas CCL3 and 5 did not rise significantly. One of the healthy contacts developed signs of leprosy in the form of hypopigmented numb patch and was clinico-histopathologically, and CCL11 and 24 were found to be higher with a statistically significant difference from the baseline values. Conclusion: CCL5, 11, and 24 are sensitive markers of diagnosing leprosy, response to MDT, and prognosis and are not increased in healthy contacts. CCL11 and 24 are sensitive markers of lepra reactions and may serve as one of the early diagnostic modalities for identifying lepra reaction and also leprosy in healthy contacts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate these biomarkers in leprosy cases and their healthy contacts with a follow-up of upto one year with one of them developing the disease, and the same was confirmed based on these biomarkers as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemokine%20profile" title="chemokine profile">chemokine profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20contacts" title=" healthy contacts"> healthy contacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leprosy" title=" leprosy"> leprosy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lepra%20reactions" title=" lepra reactions"> lepra reactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143983/clinical-and-chemokine-profile-in-leprosy-patients-during-multidrug-therapy-mdt-and-their-healthy-contacts-a-randomized-control-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1604</span> Correlation between Flexible Flatfoot and Lumbosacral Angle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Elwan">Moustafa Elwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohier%20Shehata"> Sohier Shehata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Sedek"> Fatma Sedek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manar%20Hussine"> Manar Hussine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most risky factors that lead to a foot injury during physical activities are both high and low arched feet. Normally the medial longitudinal arch of the foot develops in the first 10 years of life, so flexible flat foot has an inversely relationship with age in the first decade, all over the world, the prevalence of flat foot is increasing. In approximately 15% of foot deformities cases, the deformity does not disappear and remains throughout adulthood, 90% of the clinical cases are complaining from foot problems are due to flatfoot. Flatfoot creates subtalar over pronation, which creates tibial and femoral medial rotation, and that is accompanied with increases of pelvic tilting anteriorly, which may influence the lumbar vertebrae alignment by increasing muscle tension and rotation. Objective: To study the impact of the flexible flatfoot on lumbosacral angle (angle of Ferguson). Methods: This experiment included 40 volunteers (14 females &26 males) gathered from the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University of Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt, for each participant, four angles were measured in the foot( talar first metatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, , Calcaneal first metatarsal angle, calcaneal inclination angle) and one angle in the lumbar region (lumbosacral angle). Measurement of these angles was conducted by using Surgimap Spine software (version 2.2.9.6). Results: The results demonstrated that there was no significant correlation betweenFerguson angle and lateral talocalcaneal (r=0.164, p=0.313). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and talo first metatarsal “Meary’s angle" (r=0.007, p=0.968). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal-first metatarsal angle (r=0.083, p=0.612). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal inclination angle (r= 0.032, p= 0.846). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the flexible flat foot and lumbosacral angle So, more study should be conducted in large sample and different ages and conditions of foot problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20first%20metatarsal" title="calcaneal first metatarsal">calcaneal first metatarsal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20inclination" title=" calcaneal inclination"> calcaneal inclination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flatfoot" title=" flatfoot"> flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferguson%E2%80%99s%20angle" title=" ferguson’s angle"> ferguson’s angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20talocalcaneal%20angle" title=" lateral talocalcaneal angle"> lateral talocalcaneal angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20angle" title=" lumbosacral angle"> lumbosacral angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20talar%20first%20metatarsal%20angle" title=" and talar first metatarsal angle"> and talar first metatarsal angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584/correlation-between-flexible-flatfoot-and-lumbosacral-angle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1603</span> Evaluation of Mango Seed Extract as Surfactant for Enhanced Oil Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ezzaddin%20Rashid%20Hussein">Ezzaddin Rashid Hussein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the viability of mango seed extract (MSE) using a surfactant to improve oil recovery (EOR). This research examines MSE-based surfactant solutions and compares them to more traditional synthetic surfactants in terms of phase behaviour and interfacial tension. The phase behaviour and interfacial tension of five samples of surfactant solutions with different concentrations were measured. Samples 1 (2.0 g) and 1 (1.5 g) performed closest to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and displayed the greatest decrease in surface tension, according to the results. In addition, the measurement of IFT, contact angle, and pH, as well as comparison with prior research, highlights the potential environmental benefits of MSMEs as an eco-friendly alternative. It is recommended that additional research be conducted to assess their stability and behaviour under reservoir conditions. Overall, mango seed extract demonstrates promise as a natural and sustainable surfactant for enhancing oil recovery, paving the way for eco-friendly enhanced oil recovery techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20and%20gas" title="oil and gas">oil and gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mango%20seed%20powder" title=" mango seed powder"> mango seed powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactants" title=" surfactants"> surfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enhanced%20oil%20recovery" title=" enhanced oil recovery"> enhanced oil recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interfacial%20tension%20IFT" title=" interfacial tension IFT"> interfacial tension IFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contacts%20angle" title=" contacts angle"> contacts angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20behavior" title=" phase behavior"> phase behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170803/evaluation-of-mango-seed-extract-as-surfactant-for-enhanced-oil-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1602</span> Thermal Securing of Electrical Contacts inside Oil Power Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioan%20Rusu">Ioan Rusu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the operation of power transformers of 110 kV/MV from substations, these are traveled by fault current resulting from MV line damage. Defect electrical contacts are heated when they are travelled from fault currents. In the case of high temperatures when 135 °C is reached, the electrical insulating oil in the vicinity of the electrical faults comes into contact with these contacts releases gases, and activates the electrical protection. To avoid auto-flammability of electro-insulating oil, we designed a security system thermal of electrical contact defects by pouring fire-resistant polyurethane foam, mastic or mortar fire inside a cardboard electro-insulating cylinder. From practical experience, in the exploitation of power transformers of 110 kV/MT in oil electro-insulating were recorded some passing disconnecting commanded by the gas protection at internal defects. In normal operation and in the optimal load, nominal currents do not require thermal secure contacts inside electrical transformers, contacts are made at the fabrication according to the projects or to repair by solder. In the case of external short circuits close to the substation, the contacts inside electrical transformers, even if they are well made in sizes of Rcontact = 10<sup>‑6</sup> Ω, are subjected to short-circuit currents of the order of 10 kA-20 kA which lead to the dissipation of some significant second-order electric powers, 100 W-400 W, on contact. At some internal or external factors which action on electrical contacts, including electrodynamic efforts at short-circuits, these factors could be degraded over time to values in the range of 10<sup>-4</sup> Ω to 10<sup>-5 </sup>Ω and if the action time of protection is great, on the order of seconds, power dissipation on electrical contacts achieve high values of 1,0 kW to 40,0 kW. This power leads to strong local heating, hundreds of degrees Celsius and can initiate self-ignition and burning oil in the vicinity of electro-insulating contacts with action the gas relay. Degradation of electrical contacts inside power transformers may not be limited for the duration of their operation. In order to avoid oil burn with gas release near electrical contacts, at short-circuit currents 10 kA-20 kA, we have outlined the following solutions: covering electrical contacts in fireproof materials that would avoid direct burn oil at short circuit and transmission of heat from electrical contact along the conductors with heat dissipation gradually over time, in a large volume of cooling. Flame retardant materials are: polyurethane foam, mastic, cement (concrete). In the normal condition of operation of transformer, insulating of conductors coils is with paper and insulating oil. Ignition points of its two components respectively are approximated: 135 °C heat for oil and 200 <sup>0</sup>C for paper. In the case of a faulty electrical contact, about 10<sup>-3 </sup>Ω, at short-circuit; the temperature can reach for a short time, a value of 300 °C-400 °C, which ignite the paper and also the oil. By burning oil, there are local gases that disconnect the power transformer. Securing thermal electrical contacts inside the transformer, in cardboard tube with polyurethane foams, mastik or cement, ensures avoiding gas release and also gas protection working. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20transformer" title="power transformer">power transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20insulatation" title=" oil insulatation"> oil insulatation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20contacts" title=" electric contacts"> electric contacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bucholtz%20relay" title=" Bucholtz relay"> Bucholtz relay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84051/thermal-securing-of-electrical-contacts-inside-oil-power-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1601</span> Definition of Service Angle of Android’S Robot Hand by Method of Small Movements of Gripper’S Axis Synthesis by Speed Vector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeriy%20Nebritov">Valeriy Nebritov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a generalized method for determining the service solid angle based on the assigned gripper axis orientation with a stationary grip center. Motion synthesis in this work is carried out in the vector of velocities. As an example, a solid angle of the android robot arm is determined, this angle being formed by the longitudinal axis of a gripper. The nature of the method is based on the study of sets of configuration positions, defining the end point positions of the unit radius sphere sweep, which specifies the service solid angle. From this the spherical curve specifying the shape of the desired solid angle was determined. The results of the research can be used in the development of control systems of autonomous android robots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=android%20robot" title="android robot">android robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20systems" title=" control systems"> control systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20synthesis" title=" motion synthesis"> motion synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20angle" title=" service angle"> service angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105865/definition-of-service-angle-of-androids-robot-hand-by-method-of-small-movements-of-grippers-axis-synthesis-by-speed-vector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1600</span> A Vaccination Program to Control an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A among MSM in Taiwan, 2016</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Jung%20Hsieh">Ying-Jung Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20S.%20Huang"> Angela S. Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chu-Ming%20Chiu"> Chu-Ming Chiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Min%20Chou"> Yu-Min Chou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin-Hui%20Yang"> Chin-Hui Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Objectives: Hepatitis A is primarily acquired by the fecal-oral route through person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. During 2010 to 2014, an average of 83 cases of locally-acquired disease was reported to Taiwan’s notifiable disease system. Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) identified an outbreak of acute hepatitis A which began in June 2015. Of the 126 cases reported in 2015, 103 (82%) cases were reported during June–December and 95 cases (92%) of them were male. The average age of all male cases was 31 years (median, 29 years; range, 15–76 years). Among the 95 male cases, 49 (52%) were also infected with HIV, and all reported to have had sex with other men. To control this outbreak, TCDC launched a free hepatitis A vaccination program in January 2016 for close contacts of confirmed hepatitis A cases, including family members, sexual partners, and household contacts. Effect of the vaccination program was evaluated. Methods: All cases of hepatitis A reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System were included. A case of hepatitis A was defined as a locally-acquired disease in a person who had acute clinical symptoms include fever, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea or abdominal discomfort compatible with hepatitis, and tested positive for anti-HAV IgM during June 2015 to June 2016 in Taiwan. The rate of case accumulation was calculated using a simple regression model. Results: During January–June 2016, there were 466 cases of hepatitis A reported; of the 243 (52%) who were also infected with HIV, 232 (95%) had a history of having sex with men. Of the 346 cases that were followed up, 259 (75%) provided information on contacts but only 14 (5%) of them provided the name of their sexual partners. Among the 602 contacts reported, 349 (58%) were family members, 14 (2%) were sexual partners, and 239 (40%) were other household contacts. Among the 602 contacts eligible for free hepatitis A vaccination, 440 (73%) received the vaccine. There were 87 (25%) cases that refused to disclose their close contacts. The average case accumulation rate during January–June 2016 was 21.7 cases per month, which was 6.8 times compared to the average case accumulation rate during June–December 2015 of 3.2 cases per month. Conclusions: Despite vaccination program aimed to provide free hepatitis A vaccine to close contacts of hepatitis A patients, the outbreak continued and even gained momentum in transmission. Refusal by hepatitis A patients to provide names of their close contacts and rejection of contacts to take the hepatitis A vaccine may have contributed to the poor effect of the program. Targeted vaccination efforts of all MSM may be needed to control the outbreak among this population in the short term. In the long term, universal vaccination program is needed to prevent the infection of hepatitis A. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20A" title="hepatitis A">hepatitis A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=men%20who%20have%20sex%20with%20men" title=" men who have sex with men"> men who have sex with men</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56588/a-vaccination-program-to-control-an-outbreak-of-acute-hepatitis-a-among-msm-in-taiwan-2016" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1599</span> Performance of Photovoltaic Module at Different Tilt Angles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Bunyan">Hussain Bunyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Ali"> Wesam Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we will study the performance of a Silicon Photovoltaic (PV) system with different tilt angle arrangement in Kuwait (latitude 30˚ N). In the study the PV system is installed facing South, collecting maximum solar radiation at noon, and their angles are from 00 to 900 respectively, during full year at the Solstice and Equinox periods, aiming for a higher angle than 300 with competitive output power. The results show that the performance and the output power of the PV system with 50˚ tilt angle, is equivalent to the latitude tilt angle (30˚) during a full year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20model" title="photovoltaic model">photovoltaic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt%20angle" title=" tilt angle"> tilt angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system%20performance" title=" PV system performance"> PV system performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=State%20of%20Kuwait" title=" State of Kuwait "> State of Kuwait </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17334/performance-of-photovoltaic-module-at-different-tilt-angles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1598</span> Thermal and Starvation Effects on Lubricated Elliptical Contacts at High Rolling/Sliding Speeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar">Vinod Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surjit%20Angra"> Surjit Angra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this theoretical study is to develop simple design formulas for the prediction of minimum film thickness and maximum mean film temperature rise in lightly loaded high-speed rolling/sliding lubricated elliptical contacts incorporating starvation effect. Herein, the reported numerical analysis focuses on thermoelastohydrodynamically lubricated rolling/sliding elliptical contacts, considering the Newtonian rheology of lubricant for wide range of operating parameters, namely load characterized by Hertzian pressure (PH = 0.01 GPa to 0.10 GPa), rolling speed (>10 m/s), slip parameter (S varies up to 1.0), and ellipticity ratio (k = 1 to 5). Starvation is simulated by systematically reducing the inlet supply. This analysis reveals that influences of load, rolling speed, and level of starvation are significant on the minimum film thickness. However, the maximum mean film temperature rise is strongly influenced by slip in addition to load, rolling speed, and level of starvation. In the presence of starvation, reduction in minimum film thickness and increase in maximum mean film temperature are observed. Based on the results of this study, empirical relations are developed for the prediction of dimensionless minimum film thickness and dimensionless maximum mean film temperature rise at the contacts in terms of various operating parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=starvation" title="starvation">starvation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lubrication" title=" lubrication"> lubrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptical%20contact" title=" elliptical contact"> elliptical contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction" title=" traction"> traction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20film%20thickness" title=" minimum film thickness"> minimum film thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50277/thermal-and-starvation-effects-on-lubricated-elliptical-contacts-at-high-rollingsliding-speeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1597</span> Optimization of Tilt Angle for Solar Collectors: A Case Study for Bursa, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Arslanoglu">N. Arslanoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the optimum tilt angle for the solar collector in order to collect the maximum solar radiation. The optimum angle for tilted surfaces varying from 0<sup>◦</sup> to 90<sup>◦</sup> in steps of 1<sup>◦ </sup>was computed. In present study, a theoretical model is used to predict the global solar radiation on a tilted surface and to obtain the optimum tilt angle for a solar collector in Bursa, Turkey. Global solar energy radiation on the solar collector surface with an optimum tilt angle is calculated for specific periods. It is determined that the optimum slope angle varies between 0<sup>◦</sup> (June) and 59<sup>◦</sup> (December) throughout the year. In winter (December, January, and February) the tilt should be 55<sup>◦</sup>, in spring (March, April, and May) 19.6<sup>◦</sup>, in summer (June, July, and August) 5.6<sup>◦</sup>, and in autumn (September, October, and November) 44.3<sup>◦</sup>. The yearly average of this value was obtained to be 31.1<sup>◦</sup> and this would be the optimum fixed slope throughout the year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20solar%20radiation" title=" global solar radiation"> global solar radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20tilt%20angle" title=" optimum tilt angle"> optimum tilt angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilted%20surface" title=" tilted surface"> tilted surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49458/optimization-of-tilt-angle-for-solar-collectors-a-case-study-for-bursa-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1596</span> Measurement of the Quadriceps Angle with Respect to Various Body Parameters in Arab Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramada%20R.%20Khasawneh">Ramada R. Khasawneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Z.%20Allouh"> Mohammed Z. Allouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ejlal%20Abu-El%20Rub"> Ejlal Abu-El Rub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quadriceps angle (Q angle), formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon, is considered clinically as a very important parameter which displays the biomechanical effect of the quadriceps muscle on the knee, and it is also regarded as a crucial factor for the proper posture and movement of the knee patella. This study had been conducted to measure the normal Q angle values range in the Arab nationalities and determine the correlation between Q angle values and several body parameters, including gender, height, weight, dominant side, and the condylar distance of the femur. The study includes 500 healthy Arab students from Yarmouk University and Jordan University of Science and Technology. The Q angle of those volunteers was measured using a universal manual Goniometer with the subjects in the upright weight-bearing position. It was found that the Q angle was greater in women than in men. The analysis of the data revealed an insignificant increase in the dominant side of the Q angle. In addition, the Q was significantly higher in the taller people of both sexes. However, the Q angle did not present any considerable correlation with weight in the study population; conversely, it was observed that there was a link with the condylar distance of the femur in both sexes. It was also noticed that the Q angle increased remarkably when there was an increase in the condylar distance. Consequently, it turned out that the gender, height, and the condylar distance were momentous factors that had an impact on the Q angle in our study samples. However, weight and dominance factors did not show to have any influence on the values in our study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q%20angle" title="Q angle">Q angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordanian" title=" Jordanian"> Jordanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomy" title=" anatomy"> anatomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condylar%20distance" title=" condylar distance"> condylar distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109735/measurement-of-the-quadriceps-angle-with-respect-to-various-body-parameters-in-arab-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1595</span> Hybrid GA-PSO Based Pitch Controller Design for Aircraft Control System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaibhav%20Singh%20%20Rajput">Vaibhav Singh Rajput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Kumar%20Jatoth"> Ravi Kumar Jatoth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagu%20Bhookya"> Nagu Bhookya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhasker%20Boda"> Bhasker Boda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller is used to control the pitch angle of the aircraft when the elevation angle is changed or modified. The pitch angle is dependent on elevation angle; a change in one corresponds to a change in the other. The PID controller helps in restricted change of pitch rate in response to the elevation angle. The PID controller is dependent on different parameters like Kp, Ki, Kd which change the pitch rate as they change. Various methodologies are used for changing those parameters for getting a perfect time response pitch angle, as desired or wished by a concerned person. While reckoning the values of those parameters, trial and guessing may prove to be futile in order to provide comfort to passengers. So, using some metaheuristic techniques can be useful in handling these errors. Hybrid GA-PSO is one such powerful algorithm which can improve transient and steady state response and can give us more reliable results for PID gain scheduling problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch%20rate" title="pitch rate">pitch rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevation%20angle" title=" elevation angle"> elevation angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID%20controller" title=" PID controller"> PID controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phugoid" title=" phugoid"> phugoid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64457/hybrid-ga-pso-based-pitch-controller-design-for-aircraft-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1594</span> The Correlation between Head of Bed Angle and IntraAbdominal Pressure of Intubated Patients; a Pre-Post Clinical Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedigheh%20Samimian">Sedigheh Samimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadra%20Ashrafi"> Sadra Ashrafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Khaleghdoost%20Mohammadi"> Tahereh Khaleghdoost Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Yeganeh"> Mohammad Reza Yeganeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ashraf"> Ali Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamideh%20Hakimi"> Hamideh Hakimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Dehghani"> Maryam Dehghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The recommended position for measuring Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) is the supine position. However, patients put in this position are prone to Ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study was done to evaluate the relationship between bed head angle and IAP measurements of intubated patients in the intensive care unit. Methods: In this clinical trial, seventy-six critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation were enrolled. IAP measurement was performed every 8 hours for 24 hours using the KORN method in three different degrees of the head of bed (HOB) elevation (0°, 15°, and 30°). Bland-Altman analysis was performed to identify the bias and limits of agreement among the three HOBs. According to World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS), we can consider two IAP techniques equivalent if a bias of <1 mmHg and limits of agreement of - 4 to +4 were found between them. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (v. 19), and the significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: The prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension was 18.42%. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of IAP were 8.44 ± 4.02 mmHg for HOB angle 0°, 9.58 ± 4.52 for HOB angle 15°, and 11.10 ± 4.73 for HOB angle 30o (p = 0.0001). The IAP measurement bias between HOB angle 0◦ and HOB angle 15° was 1.13 mmHg. This bias was 2.66 mmHg between HOB angle 0° and HOB angle 30°. Conclusion: Elevation of HOB angle from 0 to 30 degree significantly increases IAP. It seems that the measurement of IAP at HOB angle 15° was more reliable than 30°. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title="pressure">pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-abdominal%20hypertension" title=" intra-abdominal hypertension"> intra-abdominal hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20of%20bed" title=" head of bed"> head of bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20care" title=" critical care"> critical care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compartment%20syndrome" title=" compartment syndrome"> compartment syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supine%20position" title=" supine position"> supine position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183409/the-correlation-between-head-of-bed-angle-and-intraabdominal-pressure-of-intubated-patients-a-pre-post-clinical-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1593</span> Pythagorean-Platonic Lattice Method for Finding all Co-Prime Right Angle Triangles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Overmars">Anthony Overmars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sitalakshmi%20Venkatraman"> Sitalakshmi Venkatraman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a method for determining all of the co-prime right angle triangles in the Euclidean field by looking at the intersection of the Pythagorean and Platonic right angle triangles and the corresponding lattice that this produces. The co-prime properties of each lattice point representing a unique right angle triangle are then considered. This paper proposes a conjunction between these two ancient disparaging theorists. This work has wide applications in information security where cryptography involves improved ways of finding tuples of prime numbers for secure communication systems. In particular, this paper has direct impact in enhancing the encryption and decryption algorithms in cryptography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pythagorean%20triples" title="Pythagorean triples">Pythagorean triples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platonic%20triples" title=" platonic triples"> platonic triples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20angle%20triangles" title=" right angle triangles"> right angle triangles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-prime%20numbers" title=" co-prime numbers"> co-prime numbers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title=" cryptography"> cryptography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80590/pythagorean-platonic-lattice-method-for-finding-all-co-prime-right-angle-triangles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1592</span> Relationship Between Dynamic Balance, Jumping Performance and Q-angle in Soccer Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarik%20Ozmen">Tarik Ozmen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The soccer players need good dynamic balance and jumping performance for dribbling, crossing rival, and to be effective in high balls during soccer game. The quadriceps angle (Q-angle) is used to assess biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint in the musculoskeletal medicine. The Q angle is formed by the intersection of two lines drawing from the anterior superior iliac spine to the centre of the patella and to the midline of the tibia tuberosity. Studies have shown that the Q angle is inversely associated with quadriceps femoris strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between dynamic balance, jumping performance and Q-angle in soccer players. Thirty male soccer players (mean ± SD: age, 15.23 ± 0.56 years, height, 170 ± 8.37 cm, weight, 61.36 ± 6.04 kg) participated as volunteer in this study. Dynamic balance of the participants were evaluated at directions of anterior (A), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) with Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Each participant was instructed to reach as far as with the non-dominant leg in each of the 3 directions while maintaining dominant leg stance. Leg length was used to normalize excursion distances by dividing the distance reached by leg length and then multiplying the result by 100. The jumping performance was evaluated by squat jump using a contact mat. A universal (standard) goniometer was used to measure the Q angle in standing position. The Q angle was not correlated with directions of SEBT (A: p = 0.32, PM: p = 0.06, PL: p = 0.37). The squat jump height was not correlated with Q-angle (p = 0.21). The findings of this study suggest that there are no significant relationships between dynamic balance, jumping performance and Q-angle in soccer players. Further studies should investigate relationship between balance ability, athletic performance and Q-angle with larger sample size in soccer players. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance" title="balance">balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jump%20height" title=" jump height"> jump height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q%20angle" title=" Q angle"> Q angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soccer" title=" soccer"> soccer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50053/relationship-between-dynamic-balance-jumping-performance-and-q-angle-in-soccer-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1591</span> Level of Behavioral Development for Hepatitis C Virus Cases Versus Their Contacts: Does Infection Make a Difference and What Is Beyond?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammal%20M.%20Metwally">Ammal M. Metwally</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lobna%20A.%20ElEtreby"> Lobna A. ElEtreby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehan%20M.%20Saleh"> Rehan M. Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Abdrabou"> Ghada Abdrabou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somia%20I.%20Salama"> Somia I. Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Orabi"> Amira Orabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abdelrahman"> Mohamed Abdelrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hepatitis C virus infection is a public health threat in Egypt. To control infection, efforts should be spent to encourage healthy behavior. This study aimed to assess the level of behavioral development in order to create a positive environment for the adoption of the recommended behaviors. The study was conducted over one year from Jan. 2011 till Jan. 2012. Knowledge, attitude and behavior of 540 HCV patients and 102 of their contacts were assessed and the level of behavioral development was determined. The study revealed that the majority of patients and contacts knew that HCV infection is dangerous with perceived concern for early diagnosis and treatment. More than 75% knew the correct modes of transmission. The assessment showed positive attitudes towards the recommended practices with the intention to adopt those practices. Strategies to create opportunities to continue the recommended behaviors should be adopted together with the reinforcement of social support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatitis%20C%20virus" title="hepatitis C virus">hepatitis C virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20behavioral%20development" title=" level of behavioral development"> level of behavioral development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommended%20behaviors" title=" recommended behaviors"> recommended behaviors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2281/level-of-behavioral-development-for-hepatitis-c-virus-cases-versus-their-contacts-does-infection-make-a-difference-and-what-is-beyond" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1590</span> The Influence of Winding Angle on Functional Failure of FRP Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roham%20Rafiee">Roham Rafiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Hesamsadat"> Hadi Hesamsadat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a parametric finite element modeling is developed to analyze failure modes of FRP pipes subjected to internal pressure. First-ply failure pressure and functional failure pressure was determined by a progressive damage modeling and then it is validated using experimental observations. The influence of both winding angle and fiber volume fraction is studied on the functional failure of FRP pipes and it corresponding pressure. It is observed that despite the fact that increasing fiber volume fraction will enhance the mechanical properties, it will be resulted in lower values for functional failure pressure. This shortcoming can be compensated by modifying the winding angle in angle plies of pipe wall structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20pipe" title="composite pipe">composite pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20failure" title=" functional failure"> functional failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20modeling" title=" progressive modeling"> progressive modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winding%20angle" title=" winding angle"> winding angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1399/the-influence-of-winding-angle-on-functional-failure-of-frp-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1589</span> Tensile Properties of 3D Printed PLA under Unidirectional and Bidirectional Raster Angle: A Comparative Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpesh%20R.%20Rajpurohit">Shilpesh R. Rajpurohit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshit%20K.%20Dave"> Harshit K. Dave</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused deposition modeling (FDM) gains popularity in recent times, due to its capability to create prototype as well as functional end use product directly from CAD file. Parts fabricated using FDM process have mechanical properties comparable with those of injection-molded parts. However, performance of the FDM part is severally affected by the poor mechanical properties of the part due to nature of layered structure of printed part. Mechanical properties of the part can be improved by proper selection of process variables. In the present study, a comparative study between unidirectional and bidirectional raster angle has been carried out at a combination of different layer height and raster width. Unidirectional raster angle varied at five different levels, and bidirectional raster angle has been varied at three different levels. Fabrication of tensile specimen and tensile testing of specimen has been conducted according to ASTM D638 standard. From the results, it can be observed that higher tensile strength has been obtained at 0° raster angle followed by 45°/45° raster angle, while lower tensile strength has been obtained at 90° raster angle. Analysis of fractured surface revealed that failure takes place along with raster deposition direction for unidirectional and zigzag failure can be observed for bidirectional raster angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unidirectional" title=" unidirectional"> unidirectional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bidirectional" title=" bidirectional"> bidirectional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raster%20angle" title=" raster angle"> raster angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86885/tensile-properties-of-3d-printed-pla-under-unidirectional-and-bidirectional-raster-angle-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1588</span> Application of Host Factors as Biomarker in Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ambrish%20Tiwari">Ambrish Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudhasini%20Panda"> Sudhasini Panda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archana%20Singh"> Archana Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalpana%20Luthra"> Kalpana Luthra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Sharma"> S. K. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: On the basis of available literature we know that various host factors play a role in outcome of Tuberculosis (TB) infection by modulating innate immunity. One such factor is Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase enzyme (iNOS) which help in the production of Nitric Oxide (NO), an antimicrobial agent. Expression of iNOS is in control of various host factors in which Vitamin D along with its nuclear receptor Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is one of them. Vitamin D along with its receptor also produces cathelicidin (antimicrobicidal agent). With this background, we attempted to investigate the levels of Vitamin D and NO along with their associated molecules in tuberculosis patients and household contacts as compared to healthy controls and assess the implication of these findings in susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Study subjects and methods: 100 active TB patients, 75 household contacts, and 70 healthy controls were taken. VDR and iNOS mRNA levels were studied using real-time PCR. Serum VDR, cathelicidin, iNOS levels were measured using ELISA. Serum Vitamin D levels were measured in serum samples using chemiluminescence based immunoassay. NO was measured using colorimetry based kit. Results: VDR and iNOS mRNA levels were found to be lower in active TB group compared to household contacts and healthy controls (P=0.0001 and 0.005 respectively). The serum levels of Vitamin D were also found to be lower in active TB group as compared to healthy controls (P =0.001). Levels of cathelicidin and NO was higher in patient group as compared to other groups (p=0.01 and 0.5 respectively). However, the expression of VDR and iNOS and levels of vitamin D was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in household contacts compared to both active TB and healthy control groups. Inference: Higher levels of Vitamin D along with VDR and iNOS expression in household contacts as compared to patients suggest that vitamin D might have a protective role against TB which prevents activation of the disease. From our data, we can conclude that decreased vitamin D levels could be implicated in disease progression and we can use cathelicidin and NO as a biomarker for early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title="vitamin D">vitamin D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VDR" title=" VDR"> VDR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iNOS" title=" iNOS"> iNOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title=" tuberculosis"> tuberculosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87423/application-of-host-factors-as-biomarker-in-early-diagnosis-of-pulmonary-tuberculosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1587</span> Extracting the Failure Criterion to Evaluate the Strength of Cracked Drills under Torque Caused by Drilling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Falsafi">A. Falsafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dadkhah"> M. Dadkhah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shahidi"> S. Shahidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The destruction and defeat of drill pipes and drill rigs in oil wells often combined with a combination of shear modulus II and III. In such a situation, the strength and load bearing capacity of the drill are evaluated based on the principles of fracture mechanics and crack growth criteria. In this paper, using the three-dimensional stress equations around the Turkish frontier, the relations of the tense-tense criterion (MTS) are extracted for the loading of the combined II and III modulus. It is shown that in crisp deflection under loading of combination II and III, the level of fracture is characterized by two different angles: the longitudinal angle of deflection θ and the angle of the deflection of the alpha. Based on the relationships obtained from the MTS criterion, the failure criteria, the longitudinal angle of the theta failure and the lateral angle of the failure of the alpha are presented. Also, the role of Poisson's coefficient on these parameters is investigated in these graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=most%20tangential%20tension%20criterion" title="most tangential tension criterion">most tangential tension criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20angle%20of%20failure" title=" longitudinal angle of failure"> longitudinal angle of failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20angle%20of%20fracture" title=" side angle of fracture"> side angle of fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drills%20crack" title=" drills crack"> drills crack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101747/extracting-the-failure-criterion-to-evaluate-the-strength-of-cracked-drills-under-torque-caused-by-drilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1586</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of an RC Airplane Wing Using a NACA 2412 Profile at Different Angle of Attacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huseyin%20Gokberk">Huseyin Gokberk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shian%20Gao"> Shian Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CFD analysis of the relationship between the coefficients of lift and drag with respect to the angle of attack on a NACA 2412 wing section of an RC plane is conducted. Both the 2D and 3D models are investigated with the turbulence model. The 2D analysis has a free stream velocity of 10m/s at different AoA of 0°, 2°, 5°, 10°, 12°, and 15°. The induced drag and drag coefficient increased throughout the changes in angles even after the critical angle had been exceeded, whereas the lift force and coefficient of lift increased but had a limit at the critical stall angle, which results in values to reduce sharply. Turbulence flow characteristics are analysed around the aerofoil with the additions caused due to a finite 3D model. 3D results highlight how wing tip vortexes develop and alter the flow around the wing with the effects of the tapered configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20modelling" title=" turbulence modelling"> turbulence modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerofoil" title=" aerofoil"> aerofoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20of%20attack" title=" angle of attack"> angle of attack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104536/computational-fluid-dynamics-analysis-of-an-rc-airplane-wing-using-a-naca-2412-profile-at-different-angle-of-attacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1585</span> Required SNR for PPM in Downlink Gamma-Gamma Turbulence Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selami%20%C5%9Eahin">Selami Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, in order to achieve sufficient bit error rate (BER) according to zenith angle of the satellite to ground station, SNR requirement is investigated utilizing pulse position modulation (PPM). To realize explicit results, all parameters such as link distance, Rytov variance, scintillation index, wavelength, aperture diameter of the receiver, Fried's parameter and zenith angle have been taken into account. Results indicate that after some parameters are determined since the constraints of the system, to achieve desired BER, required SNR values are in wide range while zenith angle changes from small to large values. Therefore, in order not to utilize high link margin, either SNR should adjust according to zenith angle or link should establish with predetermined intervals of the zenith angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Free-space%20optical%20communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20downlink%20channel" title=" optical downlink channel"> optical downlink channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20turbulence" title=" atmospheric turbulence"> atmospheric turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20optical%20communication" title=" wireless optical communication"> wireless optical communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31718/required-snr-for-ppm-in-downlink-gamma-gamma-turbulence-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1584</span> Determination of Optimum Fin Wave Angle and Its Effect on the Performance of an Intercooler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Hamzehei">Mahdi Hamzehei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Amin%20Hakim"> Seyyed Amin Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Taherian"> Nahid Taherian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fins play an important role in increasing the efficiency of compact shell and tube heat exchangers by increasing heat transfer. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum fin wave angle, as one of the geometric parameters affecting the efficiency of the heat exchangers. To this end, finite volume method is used to model and simulate the flow in heat exchanger. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulations of wave channel are done. The results show that the wave angle affects the temperature output of the heat exchanger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fin%20wave%20angle" title="fin wave angle">fin wave angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tube" title=" tube"> tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercooler" title=" intercooler"> intercooler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum" title=" optimum"> optimum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41621/determination-of-optimum-fin-wave-angle-and-its-effect-on-the-performance-of-an-intercooler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1583</span> Effect of Rolling Parameters on Thin Strip Profile in Cold Rolling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20B.%20Tibar">H. B. Tibar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Y.%20Jiang"> Z. Y. Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the influence of rolling process parameters such as the work roll cross angle and work roll shifting value on the strip shape and profile of aluminum have been investigated under dry conditions at a speed ratio of 1.3 using Hille 100 experimental mill. The strip profile was found to improve significantly with increase in work roll cross angle from 0<sup>o</sup> to 1<sup>o</sup>, with an associated decrease in rolling force. The effect of roll shifting (from 0 to 8mm) was not as significant as the roll cross angle. However, an increase in work roll shifting value achieved a similar decrease in rolling force as that of work roll cross angle. The effect of work roll shifting was also found to be maximum at an optimum roll speed of 0.0986 m/s for the desired thickness. Of all these parameters, the most significant effect of the strip shape profile was observed with variation of work roll cross angle. However, the rolling force can be a significantly reduced by either increasing the the work roll cross angle or work roll shifting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20speed%20ratio" title="rolling speed ratio">rolling speed ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strip%20shape" title=" strip shape"> strip shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20roll%20cross%20angle" title=" work roll cross angle"> work roll cross angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20roll%20shifting" title=" work roll shifting"> work roll shifting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36497/effect-of-rolling-parameters-on-thin-strip-profile-in-cold-rolling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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