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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Biografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Familj_och_uppväxt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Familj_och_uppväxt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Familj och uppväxt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Familj_och_uppväxt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1214_års_krig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1214_års_krig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1214 års krig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1214_års_krig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Albigenserkriget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albigenserkriget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Albigenserkriget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albigenserkriget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engelsk_tronpretendent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engelsk_tronpretendent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Engelsk tronpretendent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engelsk_tronpretendent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kung_Ludvig_VIII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kung_Ludvig_VIII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Kung Ludvig VIII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kung_Ludvig_VIII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik_gentemot_judar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik_gentemot_judar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Politik gentemot judar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politik_gentemot_judar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Albigensarkorståget_som_kung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albigensarkorståget_som_kung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Albigensarkorståget som kung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albigensarkorståget_som_kung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Död" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Död"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Död</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Död-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arv_och_eftermäle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arv_och_eftermäle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Arv och eftermäle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arv_och_eftermäle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Familj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Familj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Familj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Familj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Galleri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anfäder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anfäder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anfäder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anfäder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ludvig VIII av Frankrike</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 66 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="لويس الثامن (ملك فرنسا) – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس الثامن (ملك فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="سککیزینجی لوئی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سککیزینجی لوئی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_VIII" title="Людовик VIII – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Людовик VIII" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA_VIII_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Людовік VIII Леў – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Людовік VIII Леў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_VIII" title="Луи VIII – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луи VIII" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luj_VIII,_kralj_Francuske" title="Luj VIII, kralj Francuske – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luj VIII, kralj Francuske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loeiz_VIII_(Bro-C%27hall)" title="Loeiz VIII (Bro-C'hall) – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Loeiz VIII (Bro-C'hall)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_VIII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Lluís VIII de França – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluís VIII de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_VIII._Francouzsk%C3%BD" title="Ludvík VIII. Francouzský – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ludvík VIII. Francouzský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII,_brenin_Ffrainc" title="Louis VIII, brenin Ffrainc – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louis VIII, brenin Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_8._af_Frankrig" title="Ludvig 8. af Frankrig – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ludvig 8. af Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_VIII._(Frankreich)" title="Ludwig VIII. (Frankreich) – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ludwig VIII. (Frankreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII" title="Louis VIII – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Louis VIII" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%97%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λουδοβίκος Η΄ της Γαλλίας – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουδοβίκος Η΄ της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Louis VIII of France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_VIII_de_Francia" title="Luis VIII de Francia – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luis VIII de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludoviko_la_8-a_(Francio)" title="Ludoviko la 8-a (Francio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ludoviko la 8-a (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_VIII.a_Frantziakoa" title="Luis VIII.a Frantziakoa – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luis VIII.a Frantziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85" title="لوئی هشتم – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئی هشتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_le_Lion" title="Louis VIII le Lion – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis VIII le Lion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_VIII_de_Francia" title="Lois VIII de Francia – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lois VIII de Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4_8%EC%84%B8" title="루이 8세 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이 8세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB_VIII" title="Լուի VIII – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուի VIII" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luj_VIII.,_kralj_Francuske" title="Luj VIII., kralj Francuske – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luj VIII., kralj Francuske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_dari_Prancis" title="Louis VIII dari Prancis – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Louis VIII dari Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%B0v%C3%ADk_8._Frakkakonungur" title="Loðvík 8. Frakkakonungur – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Loðvík 8. Frakkakonungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_VIII_di_Francia" title="Luigi VIII di Francia – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luigi VIII di Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="לואי השמיני, מלך צרפת – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואי השמיני, מלך צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98_VIII" title="ლუი VIII – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუი VIII" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_(gazik_ke_Franca)" title="Louis VIII (gazik ke Franca) – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Louis VIII (gazik ke Franca)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus_VIII_(rex_Francorum)" title="Ludovicus VIII (rex Francorum) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicus VIII (rex Francorum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liudvikas_VIII" title="Liudvikas VIII – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liudvikas VIII" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._Lajos_francia_kir%C3%A1ly" title="VIII. Lajos francia király – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VIII. Lajos francia király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_VIII" title="Луј VIII – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луј VIII" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88" title="फ्रान्सचा आठवा लुई – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्सचा आठवा लुई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="لويس التامن ملك فرنسا – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس التامن ملك فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_dari_Perancis" title="Louis VIII dari Perancis – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Louis VIII dari Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhu%C3%ADs_VIII_de_Fr%C3%A1ncia" title="Lhuís VIII de Fráncia – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhuís VIII de Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijk_VIII_van_Frankrijk" title="Lodewijk VIII van Frankrijk – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lodewijk VIII van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A48%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E7%8E%8B)" title="ルイ8世 (フランス王) – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイ8世 (フランス王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig VIII av Frankrike – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ludvig VIII av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_VIII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Loís VIII de França – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Loís VIII de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII" title="Louis VIII – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Louis VIII" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="لوئی ہشتم شاہ فرانس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوئی ہشتم شاہ فرانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik_VIII_Lew" title="Ludwik VIII Lew – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludwik VIII Lew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_VIII_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Luís VIII de França – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luís VIII de França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_al_VIII-lea_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Ludovic al VIII-lea al Franței – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ludovic al VIII-lea al Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_VIII" title="Людовик VIII – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Людовик VIII" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiggi_VIII_di_Francia" title="Luiggi VIII di Francia – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Luiggi VIII di Francia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Louis VIII of France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_VIII._(Franc%C3%BAzsko)" title="Ľudovít VIII. (Francúzsko) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľudovít VIII. (Francúzsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvik_VIII._Francoski" title="Ludvik VIII. Francoski – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ludvik VIII. Francoski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%98_VIII" title="Луј VIII – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луј VIII" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_od_Francuske" title="Louis VIII od Francuske – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Louis VIII od Francuske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_VIII_(Ranska)" title="Ludvig VIII (Ranska) – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ludvig VIII (Ranska)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_ng_Pransiya" title="Louis VIII ng Pransiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Louis VIII ng Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_8_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="พระเจ้าหลุยส์ที่ 8 แห่งฝรั่งเศส – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าหลุยส์ที่ 8 แห่งฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIII._Louis" title="VIII. Louis – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VIII. Louis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_VIII_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Людовик VIII Лев – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людовик VIII Лев" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="لوئی ہشتم شاہ فرانس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوئی ہشتم شاہ فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Louis VIII của Pháp – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Louis VIII của Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_van_Vrankryk" title="Louis VIII van Vrankryk – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Louis VIII van Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%89" title="路易八世（法兰西） – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路易八世（法兰西）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_8k_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Fr%C3%A1ns%C3%AC" title="Louis 8k ilẹ̀ Fránsì – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Louis 8k ilẹ̀ Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="路易八世 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="路易八世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96_(%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF)" title="路易八世 (法兰西) – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路易八世 (法兰西)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q165284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered 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0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style> <table class="infobox vcard" style="font-size: 88%; text-align: left; width: 22em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #CCBBEE; color: #000000; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;" class="fn">Ludvig Lejonet </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Louis8_fr_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bild av Ludvig från 1300-talet."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Louis8_fr_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="325" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="195" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Bild av Ludvig från 1300-talet. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #E4DCF6; font-size: 98%; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Englands_regenter" title="Lista över Englands regenter">Kung av England</a></b> <small></small> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Regeringstid </th> <td>21 maj 1216–22 september 1217 (erkänd av baroner och Londons innevånare, men sedan tvingad att erkänna, att han aldrig hade varit engelsk kung) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Företrädare </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Johan_av_England" title="Johan av England">Johan utan land</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Efterträdare </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Henrik_III_av_England" title="Henrik III av England">Henrik III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #E4DCF6; font-size: 98%; text-align: right;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Frankrikes_regenter" title="Lista över Frankrikes regenter">Kung av Frankrike</a></b> <small></small> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Regeringstid </th> <td>14 juli 1223–8 november 1226 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Kröning </th> <td>6 augusti 1223 i katedralen <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Reims" title="Notre-Dame de Reims">Notre-Dame de Reims</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Företrädare </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Filip_II_August_av_Frankrike" title="Filip II August av Frankrike">Filip II August</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Efterträdare </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_IX_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig IX av Frankrike">Ludvig den helige</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #E4DCF6; height: 4px; text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Gemål </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Blanche_av_Kastilien" title="Blanche av Kastilien">Blanche av Kastilien</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Ätt </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Capetinger" title="Capetinger">Capetingerna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Far </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Filip_II_August_av_Frankrike" title="Filip II August av Frankrike">Filip II August</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Mor </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Isabella_av_Hainaut" title="Isabella av Hainaut">Isabella av Hainaut</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Född </th> <td><a href="/wiki/5_september" title="5 september">5 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Död </th> <td><a href="/wiki/8_november" title="8 november">8 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1226" title="1226">1226</a> (39 år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Montpensier" title="Montpensier">Montpensier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align: top;">Begravd </th> <td><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/Klosterkyrkan_Saint-Denis" title="Klosterkyrkan Saint-Denis">Klosterkyrkan Saint-Denis</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: lavender; font-size: 98%; text-align: right; margin-bottom:5px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Heraldiskt_vapen" title="Heraldiskt vapen">Heraldiskt vapen</a></b> <small></small> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="photo"><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg/200px-Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg/300px-Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg/400px-Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Ludvig VIII</b>, <i>Ludvig lejonet</i>, (<a href="/wiki/Franska" title="Franska">franska</a> <i>Louis VIII</i>, <i>Louis le Lion</i>, ibland <i>Cœur de lion</i>), född <a href="/wiki/5_september" title="5 september">5 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a> i Paris, död <a href="/wiki/8_november" title="8 november">8 november</a> <a href="/wiki/1226" title="1226">1226</a> i <a href="/wiki/Montpensier" title="Montpensier">Montpensier</a>, var kung av <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> från den 14 juli 1223 till sin död. </p><p>Ludvig VIII var sin far behjälplig under dennes <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4ltt%C3%A5g" title="Fälttåg">fälttåg</a> mot <a href="/wiki/Johan_av_England" title="Johan av England">Johan utan land</a>. År 1216 företog han en landstigning i England som tronpretendent och hyllades som kung i London men lyckades aldrig sätta sig i besittning av hela landet. Genom fördraget i Lambeth 1217 kom han att avsäga sig anspråken på Englands tron mot en kompensation om 10 000 mark. Sedan han 1223 övertagit tronen av sin far skaffade han sig inflytande i <a href="/wiki/Flandern" title="Flandern">Flandern</a> och företog ett fälttåg mot <a href="/wiki/Raimond_VII_av_Toulouse" title="Raimond VII av Toulouse">Raimond VII av Toulouse</a> och <a href="/wiki/Albigenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Albigenser">albigenserna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografi">Biografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biografi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Familj_och_uppväxt"><span id="Familj_och_uppv.C3.A4xt"></span>Familj och uppväxt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Familj och uppväxt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Familj och uppväxt"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ludvig var son till kung <a href="/wiki/Filip_II_August_av_Frankrike" title="Filip II August av Frankrike">Filip II August av Frankrike</a> och <a href="/wiki/Isabella_av_Hainaut" title="Isabella av Hainaut">Isabella av Hainaut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradbury_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradbury-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hans mor som även var grevinna av Artois avled 1190, men den minderårige Ludvig fick inte ut arvet direkt utan gavs endast nominell kontroll över grevskapet <a href="/wiki/Artois" title="Artois">Artois</a> av sin far för att lära sig statskonst.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanley_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanley-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ett möjligt äktenskap med kung <a href="/wiki/Rikard_I_av_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Rikard I av England">Rikard I av England</a>:s systerdotter, <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_av_Bretagne" title="Eleonora av Bretagne">Eleonora av Bretagne</a>, föreslogs som del av en allians mellan Frankrike och England men misslyckades. </p><p>Ludvig kom istället 23 maj 1200 att gifta sig med <a href="/wiki/Blanka_av_Kastilien" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanka av Kastilien">Blanka av Kastilien</a>, dotter till <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII_av_Kastilien" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VIII av Kastilien">Alfonso VIII av Kastilien</a> och <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_av_England" title="Eleonora av England">Eleonora av England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Äktenskapet kunde endast ingås efter utdragna förhandlingar mellan Filip II August och Blankas morbror <a href="/wiki/Johan_av_England" title="Johan av England">Johan av England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1214_års_krig"><span id="1214_.C3.A5rs_krig"></span>1214 års krig</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: 1214 års krig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: 1214 års krig"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Anglo-franska_kriget_(1202%E2%80%931214)" title="Anglo-franska kriget (1202–1214)">Anglo-franska kriget (1202–1214)</a></dd></dl></div> <p>År 1213 ockuperade Ludvig två städer i Flandern, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Omer,_Pas-de-Calais" title="Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais">Saint-Omer</a> och <a href="/wiki/Aire-sur-la-Lys" title="Aire-sur-la-Lys">Aire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilket ledde till motsättningar mellan Ludvigs far kung Filip II August och greve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaud_av_Boulogne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renaud av Boulogne [inte skriven än]">Renaud av Boulogne</a>. Följande år stod det franska kungadömet mot en allians bestående av kung Johan av England, kejsar <a href="/wiki/Otto_IV_(tysk-romersk_kejsare)" title="Otto IV (tysk-romersk kejsare)">Otto IV</a>, greve Renaud av Boulogne och greve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_av_Flandern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand av Flandern [inte skriven än]">Ferdinand av Flandern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medan den första allierade attacken skulle genomföras från Flandern in i Frankrike, ledd av Otto, Renaud och Ferdinand och understödd av earlen av Salisbury, skulle en annan attack komma från <a href="/wiki/Poitou" title="Poitou">Poitou</a> i nordostlig riktning där en arme under Johans ledning skulle tåga mot Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ludvig gavs befälet över den sydvästra fronten mot Johan i Poitou. Engelsmännen hade tidiga framgångar och Ludvig utmanövrerades av Johan som intog staden <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> i slutet av juni.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> När Johan belägrade slottet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roche-au-Moine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roche-au-Moine [inte skriven än]">Roche-au-Moine</a>, ett viktigt fäste, tvingades Ludvig att söka strid.<sup id="cite_ref-Warrens221_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warrens221-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> När de lokala adelsmännen från Poitou vägrade avancera då de direkt ställdes mot Ludvigs trupper kom kung Johan att tvingas retirera till <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Warrens221_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warrens221-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kort därefter segrade kung Filip II Augusts franska armé vid den norra fronten i <a href="/wiki/Slaget_vid_Bouvines" title="Slaget vid Bouvines">slaget vid Bouvines</a> mot kejsar Otto och Johans andra allierade, vilket satte stopp för Johans ambitioner att återerövra <a href="/wiki/Normandie" title="Normandie">Normandie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albigenserkriget">Albigenserkriget</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Albigenserkriget" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Albigenserkriget"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Albigenserkriget" title="Albigenserkriget">Albigenserkriget</a></dd></dl></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lehmann_-_Louis_VIII_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lehmann_-_Louis_VIII_of_France.jpg/250px-Lehmann_-_Louis_VIII_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lehmann_-_Louis_VIII_of_France.jpg/375px-Lehmann_-_Louis_VIII_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Lehmann_-_Louis_VIII_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>Ludvig VIII av Frankrike. Målning av <a href="/wiki/Henri_Lehmann" title="Henri Lehmann">Henri Lehmann</a>, 1837.</figcaption></figure> <p>I april 1215 gick Ludvig i korståg mot <a href="/wiki/Albigenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Albigenser">albigenserna</a>, i enlighet med hans fars löfte, efter att ha varnats av påvens legat att inte hindra korståget.<sup id="cite_ref-Strayer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strayer-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a> beordrade Ludvig att stadens befästningar skulle rivas efter en motsättning mellan <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_5:e_earl_av_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 5:e earl av Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a> och <a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Amaury" title="Arnaud Amaury">Arnaud Amaury</a>, efter vilken han tvingade <a href="/wiki/Vicomte" title="Vicomte">vicomten</a> och andra lokala myndigheter att svära trohet till till Simon de Montfort.<sup id="cite_ref-Strayer_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strayer-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> beordrade han likaledes stadens styresmän att riva stadsmurarna, fylla igen vallgravarna och erkänna Simon de Montfort som länsherre.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under hela korståget stöttade Ludvig troget Simon de Montfort.<sup id="cite_ref-Strayer_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strayer-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engelsk_tronpretendent">Engelsk tronpretendent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Engelsk tronpretendent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Engelsk tronpretendent"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Arrival_of_Louis_of_France_in_England_(1216).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arrival_of_Louis_of_France_in_England_%281216%29.jpg/250px-Arrival_of_Louis_of_France_in_England_%281216%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arrival_of_Louis_of_France_in_England_%281216%29.jpg/375px-Arrival_of_Louis_of_France_in_England_%281216%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Arrival_of_Louis_of_France_in_England_%281216%29.jpg/500px-Arrival_of_Louis_of_France_in_England_%281216%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="438" /></a><figcaption>Ludvig av Frankrike landstiger i England 1216. Ur <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a> <i>Chronica Majora</i>, omkring 1236–1259.</figcaption></figure> <p>År 1215 gjorde de engelska baronerna uppror mot den impopuläre kung Johan i det <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rsta_baronkriget&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Första baronkriget [inte skriven än]">första baronkriget</a>. Med anledning av Ludvigs hustrus härstamning från kung <a href="/wiki/Henrik_II_av_England" title="Henrik II av England">Henrik II av England</a> kom baronerna att enas om att erbjuda Ludvig den engelska tronen.<sup id="cite_ref-Harper-Bill_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper-Bill-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medan Ludvig samlade en armé för att kunna driva igenom sitt anspråk på den engelska tronen fördömdes hans plan uttryckligen av den påvlige legaten kardinal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guala_Bicchieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guala Bicchieri [inte skriven än]">Guala Bicchieri</a>, som var på genomresa genom Frankrike till England.<sup id="cite_ref-Harper-Bill_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper-Bill-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ludvig landsteg utan motstånd på Isle of Thanet i östra <a href="/wiki/Kent,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent, England">Kent</a> den 21 maj 1216, i spetsen för en armé. Han intog London utan större motstånd och Ludvig utropades till kung Ludvig I av England i den dåvarande <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>, med pompa och ståt inför stadens borgerskap.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trots att Ludvig ännu inte krönts, samlades många adelsmän och även kung <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_av_Skottland" title="Alexander II av Skottland">Alexander II av Skottland</a>, i egenskap av vasall till den engelske kungen i sina engelska besittningar, för att svära trohet till Ludvig.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kardinal Bicchieri bannlyste som ett resultat av detta Ludvig och hans följeslagare i Winchester 29 maj 1216.<sup id="cite_ref-Harper-Bill_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper-Bill-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den 14 juni samma år intog Ludvig <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> och var snabbt i besittning av mer än halva England.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I oktober 1216 avled kung Johan, vilket fick många av de upproriska baronerna att överge Ludvig till förmån för Johans nioårige son, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_III_av_England" title="Henrik III av England">Henrik III av England</a>, som lät återproklamera <a href="/wiki/Magna_Charta" title="Magna Charta">Magna Charta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trots detta belägrade Ludvig slottet i <a href="/wiki/Hertford" title="Hertford">Hertford</a> i december 1216.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den 20 december erhöll han ett erbjudande om vapenvila från Henrik III:s regent <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1:e_earl_av_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1:e earl av Pembroke">William Marshal</a>, att gälla från jul fram till 13 januari.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanleysid129_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanleysid129-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ludvig accepterade villkoren och återvände till London. På vägen till London hotade han bränna ner klostret i <a href="/wiki/St._Albans" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Albans">St. Albans</a> på grund av abbotens vägran att erkänna honom som kung av England.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanleysid129_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanleysid129-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ludvigs armé besegrades i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Lincoln&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget vid Lincoln [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Lincoln</a> 20 maj 1217 och hans flotta besegrades vid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Sandwich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget vid Sandwich [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Sandwich</a> 24 augusti samma år. Efter dessa militära motgångar tvingades Ludvig sluta fred.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rdraget_i_Lambeth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fördraget i Lambeth [inte skriven än]">fördraget i Lambeth</a> var de huvudsakliga fredsvillkoren en <a href="/wiki/Amnesti" title="Amnesti">amnesti</a> för engelska rebeller, ett löfte från Ludvig om att avsäga sig sitt anspråk på den engelska kronan och att aldrig attackera England igen, mot 10 000 marks ersättning och att Ludvigs bannlysning hävdes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kanal%C3%B6arna" title="Kanalöarna">Kanalöarna</a> återgick helt till den engelske kungens kontroll som del av hans kvarvarande normandiska besittningar och de skotska trupperna under Alexander II drog sig tillbaka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kung_Ludvig_VIII">Kung Ludvig VIII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Kung Ludvig VIII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Kung Ludvig VIII"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sacre_Louis8_France_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sacre_Louis8_France_01.jpg/250px-Sacre_Louis8_France_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sacre_Louis8_France_01.jpg/375px-Sacre_Louis8_France_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sacre_Louis8_France_01.jpg/500px-Sacre_Louis8_France_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>Ludvig VIII och <a href="/wiki/Blanche_av_Kastilien" title="Blanche av Kastilien">Blanche av Kastiliens</a> kröning till kung och drottning av Frankrike i <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> 1223. Minatyr från <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandes_Chroniques_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandes Chroniques de France [inte skriven än]">Grandes Chroniques de France</a></i>, omkring 1332 till 1350. Originalet finns på <a href="/wiki/Frankrikes_nationalbibliotek" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrikes nationalbibliotek">Frankrikes nationalbibliotek</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ludvig efterträdde sin far som kung av Frankrike 14 juli 1223. Kröningen skedde 6 augusti samma år i <a href="/wiki/Katedralen_i_Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Katedralen i Reims">katedralen i Reims</a>. Amalric av Montfort överlät sitt anspråk på grevskapet Toulouse på Ludvig mot att bli utnämnd till rikets <a href="/wiki/Konnetabel" title="Konnetabel">konnetabel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Som kung vägrade Ludvig att förnya vapenvilan med England när den löpte ut 5 maj 1224.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istället attackerade han <a href="/wiki/Huset_Plantagenet" title="Huset Plantagenet">huset Plantagenets</a> franska besittningar och invaderade <a href="/wiki/Gascogne" title="Gascogne">Gascogne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-c30_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c30-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> intog Poitou 1224,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Rochelle i augusti samma år<sup id="cite_ref-c30_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c30-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och <a href="/wiki/Saintonge" title="Saintonge">Saintonge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> För att uppnå målet slöt han ett avtal med Hugo X av Lusignan, som han lovade staden <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> ifall staden skulle intas.<sup id="cite_ref-c30_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c30-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter sommaren 1224 hade <a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perigord" class="mw-redirect" title="Perigord">Perigord</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercy [inte skriven än]">Quercy</a> också intagits av Ludvig.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under 1226 års fälttåg intog Ludvig flera städer i <a href="/wiki/Languedoc" title="Languedoc">Languedoc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vid denna tid hade dock hans brist på militärt stöd till Hugo X av Lusignan i Gascogne lett till osämja mellan dem.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politik_gentemot_judar">Politik gentemot judar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Politik gentemot judar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Politik gentemot judar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den 1 november 1223 utfärdade Ludvig en stadga som förbjöd hans ämbetsmän att registrera skulder till judiska långivare, en omsvängning av den politik som hans far Filip II August fört.<sup id="cite_ref-Rist_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rist-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detta medförde att judar inte längre kunde räkna med något juridiskt stöd från kungen eller baronerna.<sup id="cite_ref-Rist_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rist-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dessutom skulle kristna inte längre behöva betala ränta på lån som de tagit av judar, och lånesumman skulle istället betalas direkt till kungen eller den lokale länsherre som hade den direkta översynen över judar i området.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den nya politiken ledde till att de judiska penningutlånarna gjorde så stora förluster att Ludvig 1225 istället bjöd in penningutlånare från <a href="/wiki/Lombardiet" title="Lombardiet">Lombardiet</a> till Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albigensarkorståget_som_kung"><span id="Albigensarkorst.C3.A5get_som_kung"></span>Albigensarkorståget som kung</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Albigensarkorståget som kung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Albigensarkorståget som kung"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Louis_VIII_Marmande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Louis_VIII_Marmande.jpg/250px-Louis_VIII_Marmande.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Louis_VIII_Marmande.jpg/375px-Louis_VIII_Marmande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Louis_VIII_Marmande.jpg/500px-Louis_VIII_Marmande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1254" /></a><figcaption>Ludvig intar <a href="/wiki/Marmande" title="Marmande">Marmande</a> 1219. Bläckteckning i manuskript av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vilhelm_av_Tudela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vilhelm av Tudela [inte skriven än]">Vilhelm av Tudela</a> och en anonym författare, 1200-talet.</figcaption></figure> <p>År 1223 mottog Ludvig ett brev från påven <a href="/wiki/Honorius_III" title="Honorius III">Honorius III</a>, som uppmanade honom att ingripa mot albigensarna. I början av 1226 tog Ludvig korset och förklarade sin avsikt att dra ut i krig mot albigensarna, efter att <a href="/wiki/Raimond_VII_av_Toulouse" title="Raimond VII av Toulouse">Raimond VII av Toulouse</a> bannlysts vid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konciliet_i_Bourges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konciliet i Bourges [inte skriven än]">konciliet i Bourges</a> och Ludvig lovats en tiondel av kyrkomännens inkomster för att finansiera korståget.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I maj 1226 samlade Ludvig sin armé vid Bourges och intog i rask följd städerna <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carcassonne" title="Carcassonne">Carcassonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaucaire" class="mw-disambig" title="Beaucaire">Beaucaire</a> och <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> gjorde dock motstånd och vägrade kapitulera för de franska trupperna.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ludvig, som ville undvika en stormning, belägrade Avignon. I augusti samma år slog försvararna tillbaka ett stormningsförsök.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den 9 september kapitulerade staden och gick med på att betala 6 000 mark, lämna över gisslan och riva stadsmuren.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ludvigs armé hade dock redan tagit kraftiga förluster under belägringen.<sup id="cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strayersid135-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> När Ludvigs armé slutligen anlände till Toulouse i oktober 1226 stod det klart att armén var för utmattad och försvagad för att kunna gå till anfall.<sup id="cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strayersid135-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ludvig valde då att återvända till Paris med avsikten att åter anfalla Raymond VII av Toulouse nästa år.<sup id="cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strayersid135-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Död"><span id="D.C3.B6d"></span>Död</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Död" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Död"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ludvig insjuknade i <a href="/wiki/Dysenteri" title="Dysenteri">dysenteri</a> under återtåget till Paris och avled 8 november 1226 på <a href="/wiki/Montpensier" title="Montpensier">Montpensiers</a> slott i <a href="/wiki/Auvergne" title="Auvergne">Auvergne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strayersid135-39"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I sitt testamente, daterat juni 1225, hade Ludvig lämnat instruktioner om att hans äldste överlevande son <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_IX_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig IX av Frankrike">Ludvig IX</a> (1226–70) skulle efterträda honom som kung av Frankrike, medan de yngre sönernas försörjning garanterades genom apanage.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_av_Artois" title="Robert I av Artois">Robert</a> fick Artois, Johan Tristan fick Maine och Anjou, medan <a href="/wiki/Alfons_av_Poitou" title="Alfons av Poitou">Alfons</a> fick Poitou och Auvergne.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ludvig VIII är begravd i <a href="/wiki/Klosterkyrkan_Saint-Denis" title="Klosterkyrkan Saint-Denis">klosterkyrkan Saint-Denis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arv_och_eftermäle"><span id="Arv_och_efterm.C3.A4le"></span>Arv och eftermäle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Arv och eftermäle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Arv och eftermäle"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vid Ludvigs död hade den franska kronan skaffat sig kontroll över Gascogne och stora delar av Languedoc.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hans beslut att överlämna avbetalningar på lån till de länsherrar som styrde över de lokala judarna ledde till en finansiell kris i Paris som avhjälptes genom lombardiska penningutlånares etablering i Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ludvigs korståg mot katarerna inleddes först 1226 men var huvudsakligen framgångsrikt genom att inta Béziers, Carcassonne, Beaucaire, och Marseille. Den kostsamma segern vid Avignon ledde dock till att armén misslyckades med att inta Toulouse.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Efter Ludvigs död fortsatte hans änka Blanche av Kastilien att som regent driva vidare korståget vilket resulterade i att Raimond VII av Toulouse tvingades underteckna ett fredsfördrag i Paris 1229.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enligt bestämmelserna i fredsfördraget kom först 1249 Raimonds enda dotter Johanna att ärva grevskapet Toulouse, med hennes make, Ludvigs son Alfons, som medregent. Toulouse återgick därefter till franska kronan 1271 när Alfons avlidit.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Familj">Familj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Familj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Familj"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ludvig VIII gifte sig år 1200 med <a href="/wiki/Blanche_av_Kastilien" title="Blanche av Kastilien">Blanche av Kastilien</a>, som efter Ludvigs död fungerade som förmyndarregent under Ludvig IX:s barndom. Paret fick tretton barn, bland andra: </p> <ol><li>Filip (1209–1218)</li> <li>Alfons (född och död 1213), tvilling till Johan</li> <li>Johan (född och död 1213), tvilling till Alfons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_IX_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig IX av Frankrike">Ludvig IX av Frankrike</a> (1214–1270), gift med <a href="/wiki/Margareta_av_Provence" title="Margareta av Provence">Margareta av Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_av_Artois" title="Robert I av Artois">Robert I av Artois</a> (1216–1250), gift med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matilda_av_Brabant,_grevinna_av_Artois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matilda av Brabant, grevinna av Artois [inte skriven än]">Matilda av Brabant</a></li> <li>Johan Tristan av Anjou (1219 – 1232), greve av Anjou och Maine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfons_av_Poitou" title="Alfons av Poitou">Alfons av Poitou</a> (1220–1271), greve av Poitou och Auvergne</li> <li>Filip Dagobert (1222–1232)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_av_Frankrike_(1225-1270)" title="Isabella av Frankrike (1225-1270)">Isabella av Frankrike</a> (1225-1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_I_av_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl I av Anjou">Karl I av Anjou</a> (1227–1285), greve av Anjou och Maine</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galleri">Galleri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Galleri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Galleri"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Coronation_of_Louis_VIII_and_Blanche_of_Castille_1223.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ludvig VIII:s kröning den 6 augusti 1223 i katedralen i Reims"><img alt="Ludvig VIII:s kröning den 6 augusti 1223 i katedralen i Reims" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Coronation_of_Louis_VIII_and_Blanche_of_Castille_1223.jpg/133px-Coronation_of_Louis_VIII_and_Blanche_of_Castille_1223.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Coronation_of_Louis_VIII_and_Blanche_of_Castille_1223.jpg/200px-Coronation_of_Louis_VIII_and_Blanche_of_Castille_1223.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Coronation_of_Louis_VIII_and_Blanche_of_Castille_1223.jpg/266px-Coronation_of_Louis_VIII_and_Blanche_of_Castille_1223.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ludvig VIII:s kröning den <a href="/wiki/6_augusti" title="6 augusti">6 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a> i katedralen i <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anfäder"><span id="Anf.C3.A4der"></span>Anfäder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Anfäder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Anfäder"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:90%;"><tbody><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ludvig_VI_av_Frankrike" title="Ludvig VI av Frankrike">Ludvig VI av Frankrike</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; 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padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_av_Namur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice av Namur [inte skriven än]">Alice av Namur</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> <tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_av_Hainaut" title="Isabella av Hainaut">Isabella av Hainaut</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width:1em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Didrik_av_Flandern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didrik av Flandern [inte skriven än]">Didrik av Flandern</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="/wiki/Margareta_I_av_Flandern" title="Margareta I av Flandern">Margareta I av Flandern</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:2em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:1em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.1em; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sibylla_av_Anjou" title="Sibylla av Anjou">Sibylla av Anjou</a></td></tr><tr style="height: 1px; text-align: center;"><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td><td colspan="2"><div style="width:2em;height:1em"><span style="font:1px/1px serif"> </span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a href="/wiki/Engelskspr%C3%A5kiga_Wikipedia" title="Engelskspråkiga Wikipedia">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France">Louis VIII of France</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_VIII_of_France&oldid=1241434235">21 augusti 2024</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCarlquist,_Gunnar1937"><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Carlquist" title="Gunnar Carlquist">Carlquist, Gunnar</a>, red (1937). <i><span><a href="/wiki/Svensk_uppslagsbok" title="Svensk uppslagsbok">Svensk uppslagsbok</a>. Bd 17</span></i>. Malmö: Svensk Uppslagsbok AB. sid. 707</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5BSvensk+uppslagsbok%5D%5D.+Bd+17&rft.date=1937&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B707&rft.place=Malm%C3%B6&rft.pub=Svensk+Uppslagsbok+AB&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bradbury-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Bradbury_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBradbury1997">Bradbury, Jim (1997). <i><span>Philip Augustus: King of France 1180–1223</span></i>. London: Routledge. sid. 177. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-58206-059-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-58206-059-3">ISBN 978-0-58206-059-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philip+Augustus%3A+King+of+France+1180%E2%80%931223&rft.aulast=Bradbury&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Bradbury%2C+Jim&rft.date=1997&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B177&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-58206-059-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanley-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Hanley_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHanley2016">Hanley, Catherine (2016). <i><span>Louis: The French Prince Who Invaded England</span></i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. sid. 39. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-30021-745-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-30021-745-2">ISBN 978-0-30021-745-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis%3A+The+French+Prince+Who+Invaded+England&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Hanley%2C+Catherine&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B39&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-30021-745-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHanley">Hanley. sid. 24</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.au=Hanley&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B24&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFMcDougall2017">McDougall, Sara (2017). <i><span>Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800–1230</span></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. sid. 226. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19878-582-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19878-582-8">ISBN 978-0-19878-582-8</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Bastards%3A+The+Birth+of+Illegitimacy%2C+800%E2%80%931230&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=McDougall%2C+Sara&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B226&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=%5B%5BOxford+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-0-19878-582-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWarren1997">Warren, W. Lewis (1997). <i><span>King John</span></i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. sid. 203. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-30007-373-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-30007-373-7">ISBN 978-0-30007-373-7</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+John&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=W.+Lewis&rft.au=Warren%2C+W.+Lewis&rft.date=1997&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B203&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-30007-373-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBarlow1999">Barlow, Frank (1999). <i><span>The Feudal Kingdom of England, 1042–1216</span></i>. London: Pearson Education. sid. 335. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-582-38117-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-582-38117-7">ISBN 0-582-38117-7</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feudal+Kingdom+of+England%2C+1042%E2%80%931216&rft.aulast=Barlow&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Barlow%2C+Frank&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B335&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.isbn=0-582-38117-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCarpenter2004">Carpenter, David (2004). <i><span>The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284</span></i>. London: Penguin. sid. 286. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-14014-824-4" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-14014-824-4">ISBN 978-0-14014-824-4</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Struggle+for+Mastery%3A+The+Penguin+History+of+Britain+1066%E2%80%931284&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+David&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B286&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.isbn=978-0-14014-824-4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Warren, sid. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warrens221-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Warrens221_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warrens221_10-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Warren, sid. 222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Warren, sid. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strayer-12">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Strayer_12-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strayer_12-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strayer_12-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFStrayer1992">Strayer, Joseph R. (1992). <i><span>The Albigensian Crusades</span></i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. sid. 101. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-47209-476-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-47209-476-9">ISBN 978-0-47209-476-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albigensian+Crusades&rft.aulast=Strayer&rft.aufirst=Joseph+R.&rft.au=Strayer%2C+Joseph+R.&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B101&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-47209-476-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Strayer, s. 101–102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harper-Bill-14">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Harper-Bill_14-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harper-Bill_14-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harper-Bill_14-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHarper-Bill2003">Harper-Bill, Christopher (2003). <i><span>John and the Church of Rome. I: Church, S.D. (red.). King John: New Interpretations</span></i>. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. sid. 312. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-85115-736-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-85115-736-8">ISBN 978-0-85115-736-8</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+and+the+Church+of+Rome.+I%3A+Church%2C+S.D.+%28red.%29.+King+John%3A+New+Interpretations&rft.aulast=Harper-Bill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Harper-Bill%2C+Christopher&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B312&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-736-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_15-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFJones2012">Jones, Nigel (2012). <i><span>Tower: An Epic History of the Tower of London</span></i>. New York: St. Martin's Publishing. sid. 17. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-25003-840-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-25003-840-1">ISBN 978-1-25003-840-1</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tower%3A+An+Epic+History+of+the+Tower+of+London&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.au=Jones%2C+Nigel&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B17&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Publishing&rft.isbn=978-1-25003-840-1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFDaniell2003">Daniell, Christopher (2003). <i><span>From Norman Conquest to Magna Carta: England 1066–1215</span></i>. London: Routledge. sid. 59. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-415-22215-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-415-22215-X">ISBN 0-415-22215-X</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Norman+Conquest+to+Magna+Carta%3A+England+1066%E2%80%931215&rft.aulast=Daniell&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Daniell%2C+Christopher&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B59&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=0-415-22215-X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHarding1993">Harding, Alan (1993). <i><span>England in the Thirteenth Century</span></i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. sid. 10. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-521-30274-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-521-30274-9">ISBN 0-521-30274-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=England+in+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Harding%2C+Alan&rft.date=1993&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B10&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=%5B%5BCambridge+University+Press%5D%5D&rft.isbn=0-521-30274-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hanley, sid. 118–126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hanley, sid. 125–126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanleysid129-20">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Hanleysid129_20-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanleysid129_20-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Hanley, sid. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Harding, sid. 272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hanley, sid. 176–177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLégluRistTaylor2014">Léglu, Catherine; Rist, Rebecca; Taylor, Claire (2014). <i><span>The Cathars And The Albigensian Crusade: A Sourcebook</span></i>. London: Routledge. sid. 14. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-41573-688-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-41573-688-6">ISBN 978-0-41573-688-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cathars+And+The+Albigensian+Crusade%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9glu&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=L%C3%A9glu%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Rist%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Claire&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B14&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-41573-688-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFCarpenter2020">Carpenter, David (2020). <i><span>Henry III: The Rise to Power and Personal Rule, 1207-1258</span></i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. sid. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-30023-835-8" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-30023-835-8">ISBN 978-0-30023-835-8</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+III%3A+The+Rise+to+Power+and+Personal+Rule%2C+1207-1258&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+David&rft.date=2020&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B29%E2%80%9330&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-30023-835-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c30-25">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-c30_25-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c30_25-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c30_25-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Carpenter, sid. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWilliam_of_PuylaurensSibley,_W.A.;_Sibley,_M.D_(red.)2003">William of Puylaurens; Sibley, W.A.; Sibley, M.D (red.) (2003). <i><span>The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and its Aftermath</span></i>. Woosbridge: The Boydell Press. sid. 103. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-85115-925-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-85115-925-6">ISBN 978-0-85115-925-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronicle+of+William+of+Puylaurens%3A+The+Albigensian+Crusade+and+its+Aftermath&rft.aulast=William+of+Puylaurens&rft.au=William+of+Puylaurens&rft.au=Sibley%2C+W.A.%3B+Sibley%2C+M.D+%28red.%29&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B103&rft.place=Woosbridge&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-925-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFRichard1992">Richard, Jean (1992). <i><span>Saint Louis, Crusader King of France</span></i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. sid. 23. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-52138-156-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-52138-156-7">ISBN 978-0-52138-156-7</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Louis%2C+Crusader+King+of+France&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Richard%2C+Jean&rft.date=1992&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B23&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-52138-156-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFJordan1999">Jordan, William Chester (1999). <i><span>"The Capetians from the death of Philip II to Philip IV". I: Abulafia, David (red.). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 5, c.1198–c.1300</span></i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. sid. 279–313. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-521-36289-X" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-521-36289-X">ISBN 0-521-36289-X</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Capetians+from+the+death+of+Philip+II+to+Philip+IV%22.+I%3A+Abulafia%2C+David+%28red.%29.+The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History.+Vol.+5%2C+c.1198%E2%80%93c.1300&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=William+Chester&rft.au=Jordan%2C+William+Chester&rft.date=1999&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B279%E2%80%93313&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-521-36289-X&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Richard, s. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter, sid. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rist-31">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Rist_31-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rist_31-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFRist2016">Rist, Rebecca (2016). <i><span>Popes and Jews, 1095–1291</span></i>. Cambridge: Oxford University Press. sid. 154. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-19871-798-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-19871-798-0">ISBN 978-0-19871-798-0</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popes+and+Jews%2C+1095%E2%80%931291&rft.aulast=Rist&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=Rist%2C+Rebecca&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B154&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19871-798-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farmer-32">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Farmer_32-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farmer_32-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Farmer_32-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFFarmer2017">Farmer, Sharon (2017). <i><span>The Silk Industries of Medieval Paris: Artisanal Migration, Technological Innovation, and Gendered Experience</span></i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. sid. 141. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-81224-848-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-81224-848-7">ISBN 978-0-81224-848-7</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silk+Industries+of+Medieval+Paris%3A+Artisanal+Migration%2C+Technological+Innovation%2C+and+Gendered+Experience&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Sharon&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B141&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-81224-848-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBarber2014">Barber, Malcolm (2014). <i><span>The Cathars: Dualist Heretics in Languedoc in the High Middle Ages</span></i>. London: Routledge. sid. 139. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-0-58225-661-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-0-58225-661-3">ISBN 978-0-58225-661-3</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cathars%3A+Dualist+Heretics+in+Languedoc+in+the+High+Middle+Ages&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft.au=Barber%2C+Malcolm&rft.date=2014&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B139&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=978-0-58225-661-3&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Strayer, sid. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Barber, sid. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Strayer, sid. 131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Strayer, sid. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Strayer, sid. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strayersid135-39">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strayersid135_39-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Strayer, sid. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Jordan, sid. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Jordan, sid. 282–283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFKelly2017">Kelly, Jessen (2017). <i><span>"Forms of Testimony in Dirk Bouts's Justice of Otto III". I: Bradbury, Carlee A.; Moseley-Christian, Michelle (red.). Gender, Otherness, and Culture in Medieval and Early Modern Art</span></i>. Cham: Springer International. sid. 166. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-3-31965-048-7" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-3-31965-048-7">ISBN 978-3-31965-048-7</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Forms+of+Testimony+in+Dirk+Bouts%27s+Justice+of+Otto+III%22.+I%3A+Bradbury%2C+Carlee+A.%3B+Moseley-Christian%2C+Michelle+%28red.%29.+Gender%2C+Otherness%2C+and+Culture+in+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Art&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Jessen&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Jessen&rft.date=2017&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B166&rft.place=Cham&rft.pub=Springer+International&rft.isbn=978-3-31965-048-7&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Strayer, sid. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Barber, sid. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Strayer, sid. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFLock,_()._._:_._ISBN2006">Lock, (). . : . ISBN, Peter (2006). <i><span>The Routledge Companion to the Crusades</span></i>. London: Routledge. sid. 165. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-415-24732-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-415-24732-2">ISBN 0-415-24732-2</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+the+Crusades&rft.aulast=Lock%2C+%28%29.+.+%3A+.+ISBN&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Lock%2C+%28%29.+.+%3A+.+ISBN%2C+Peter&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B165&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=0-415-24732-2&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFGardner2005">Gardner, Christopher K. (2005). <i><span>"Heretics or Lawyers? Propaganda and Toulousan Identity through the Albigensian Crusade". I: Hayes-Healy, Stephanie (red.). Medieval Paradigms. Vol. I: Essays in Honor of Jeremy duQuesnay Adams</span></i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. sid. 125. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-34973-497-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-34973-497-9">ISBN 978-1-34973-497-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Heretics+or+Lawyers%3F+Propaganda+and+Toulousan+Identity+through+the+Albigensian+Crusade%22.+I%3A+Hayes-Healy%2C+Stephanie+%28red.%29.+Medieval+Paradigms.+Vol.+I%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Jeremy+duQuesnay+Adams&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Christopher+K.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Christopher+K.&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B125&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.isbn=978-1-34973-497-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_VIII_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Louis VIII of France">Ludvig VIII av Frankrike</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_VIII_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Louis VIII of France">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox navbox-thlinkcolor" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background: #27408B; color: #FFE440;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Englands_regenter" title="Mall:Englands regenter"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Englands_regenter&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Englands regenter</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84tten_Wessex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ätten Wessex [inte skriven än]">Ätten Wessex</a><br /><small><i>(802–1013, 1014–1016 & 1042–1066)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Egbert_av_Wessex" title="Egbert av Wessex">Egbert</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwulf_av_Wessex" title="Æthelwulf av Wessex">Æthelwulf</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_av_Wessex" title="Æthelbald av Wessex">Æthelbald</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_av_Wessex" title="Æthelberht av Wessex">Æthelberht</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_av_Wessex" title="Æthelred av Wessex">Æthelred</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_den_store" title="Alfred den store">Alfred den store</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_den_%C3%A4ldre" title="Edvard den äldre">Edvard den äldre</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Ethelweard_av_England" title="Ethelweard av England">Ethelweard</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Athelstan_av_England" title="Athelstan av England">Æthelstan den ärorike</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_I_av_England" title="Edmund I av England">Edmund I</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edred_av_England" title="Edred av England">Edred</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edwy_av_England" title="Edwy av England">Edwy den rättvise</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_av_England" title="Edgar av England">Edgar den fredlige</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Martyren" title="Edvard Martyren">Edvard Martyren</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Ethelred_II_av_England" title="Ethelred II av England">Ethelred den villrådige</a> <b>•</b> <span style="color:grey">Sven Tveskägg</span> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Ethelred_II_av_England" title="Ethelred II av England">Ethelred II</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_J%C3%A4rnsida" title="Edmund Järnsida">Edmund Järnsida</a> <b>•</b> <span style="color:grey">Knut den store <b>•</b> Harald Harfot <b>•</b> Hardeknut</span> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bek%C3%A4nnaren" title="Edvard Bekännaren">Edvard Bekännaren</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Harald_Godwinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald Godwinson">Harald Godwinson</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edgar_the_Aetheling" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar the Aetheling">Edgar den fredlöse</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="15"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Englands riksvapen"><img alt="Englands riksvapen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/100px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/150px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/200px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knytlinga%C3%A4tten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knytlingaätten [inte skriven än]">Knytlingaätten</a><br /><small><i>(1013–1014 & 1016–1042)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sven_Tvesk%C3%A4gg" title="Sven Tveskägg">Sven Tveskägg</a> <b>•</b> <span style="color:grey">Ethelred den villrådige <b>•</b> Edmund Järnsida</span> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Knut_den_store" title="Knut den store">Knut den store</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Harald_Harfot" title="Harald Harfot">Harald Harfot</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Hardeknut" title="Hardeknut">Hardeknut</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;"><a href="/wiki/Normander" title="Normander">Normandiska ätten</a><br /><small><i>(1066–1154)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Er%C3%B6vraren" title="Vilhelm Erövraren">Vilhelm Erövraren</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_II_av_England" title="Vilhelm II av England">Vilhelm Rufus</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_I_av_England" title="Henrik I av England">Henrik Beauclerc</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_av_Blois" title="Stefan av Blois">Stefan av Blois</a> <b>•</b> (<a href="/wiki/Matilda_av_England" title="Matilda av England">Kejsarinnan Matilda</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_av_Blois" title="Stefan av Blois">Stefan av Blois</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Plantagenet" title="Huset Plantagenet">Ätten Plantagenet</a><br /><small><i>(1154–1399)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_II_av_England" title="Henrik II av England">Henrik II</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_den_yngre" title="Henrik den yngre">Henrik den yngre</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Rikard_I_Lejonhj%C3%A4rta" title="Rikard I Lejonhjärta">Rikard Lejonhjärta</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Johan_av_England" title="Johan av England">Johan utan land</a> <b>•</b> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ludvig Lejonet</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_III_av_England" title="Henrik III av England">Henrik III</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_I_av_England" title="Edvard I av England">Edvard I</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_II_av_England" title="Edvard II av England">Edvard II</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_III_av_England" title="Edvard III av England">Edvard III</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Rikard_II_av_England" title="Rikard II av England">Rikard II</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;">Ätterna <a href="/wiki/Huset_Lancaster" title="Huset Lancaster">Lancaster</a> och <i><a href="/wiki/Huset_York" title="Huset York">York</a></i><br /><small><i>(1399–1485)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_IV_av_England" title="Henrik IV av England">Henrik IV</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_V_av_England" title="Henrik V av England">Henrik V</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_VI_av_England" title="Henrik VI av England">Henrik VI</a> <b>•</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Edvard_IV_av_England" title="Edvard IV av England">Edvard IV</a></i> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_VI_av_England" title="Henrik VI av England">Henrik VI</a> <b>•</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Edvard_IV_av_England" title="Edvard IV av England">Edvard IV</a></i> <b>•</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Edvard_V_av_England" title="Edvard V av England">Edvard V</a></i> <b>•</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Rikard_III_av_England" title="Rikard III av England">Rikard III</a></i></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Tudor" title="Huset Tudor">Ätten Tudor</a><br /><small><i>(1485–1603)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_VII_av_England" title="Henrik VII av England">Henrik VII</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_VIII_av_England" title="Henrik VIII av England">Henrik VIII</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_VI_av_England" title="Edvard VI av England">Edvard VI</a> <b>•</b> (<a href="/wiki/Jane_Grey" title="Jane Grey">Jane Grey</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_av_England" title="Maria I av England">Maria I</a> & <a href="/wiki/Filip_II_av_Spanien" title="Filip II av Spanien">Filip</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Elisabet_I_av_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabet I av England">Elisabet I</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;"><a href="/wiki/Huset_Stuart" title="Huset Stuart">Ätten Stuart</a><br /><small><i>(1603–1649 & 1660–1707)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jakob_I_av_England" title="Jakob I av England">Jakob I</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Karl_I_av_England" title="Karl I av England">Karl I</a> <b>•</b> <span style="color:grey">Samväldet</span> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Karl_II_av_England" title="Karl II av England">Karl II</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakob_II_av_England" title="Jakob II av England">Jakob II</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Maria_II_av_England" title="Maria II av England">Maria II</a> & <a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_III_av_England" title="Vilhelm III av England">Vilhelm III</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Anna_av_Storbritannien" title="Anna av Storbritannien">Anna</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";text-align:center;line-height:1.1;;"><a href="/wiki/Engelska_samv%C3%A4ldet" title="Engelska samväldet">Engelska samväldet</a><br /><small><i>(1649–1660)</i></small></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.4;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Englands_regenter" title="Lista över Englands regenter">Lista över Englands regenter</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Englands_regenter#Grafisk_tidsaxel_över_Englands_regenter" title="Lista över Englands regenter">Grafisk tidsaxel</a> – Namn inom parentes anger omstridda regenter</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&oldid=55998572">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_VIII_av_Frankrike&oldid=55998572</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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