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Distichia - Wikipedia

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title="Distichiasis">Distichiasis</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Eyelash growth from an abnormal part of the eyelid</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the genus of plant, see <a href="/wiki/Distichia_(plant)" title="Distichia (plant)">Distichia (plant)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Distichia</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Canine_distichiae.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Canine_distichiae.JPG/220px-Canine_distichiae.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Canine_distichiae.JPG/330px-Canine_distichiae.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Canine_distichiae.JPG/440px-Canine_distichiae.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1164" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Distichiae of the upper and lower lid of a dog</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>distichia</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">eyelash</a> that arises from an abnormal part of the <a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">eyelid</a>. This abnormality, attributed to a <a href="/wiki/Genetic_mutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic mutation">genetic mutation</a>, is known to affect dogs and humans. Distichiae usually exit from the duct of the <a href="/wiki/Meibomian_gland" title="Meibomian gland">meibomian gland</a> at the eyelid margin. They are usually multiple, and sometimes more than one arises from a duct. They can affect either the upper or lower eyelid and are usually bilateral. The lower eyelids of dogs usually have no eyelashes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Distichiae usually cause no symptoms, because the lashes are soft, but they can irritate the eye and cause tearing, squinting, inflammation, <a href="/wiki/Corneal_ulcers_in_animals" title="Corneal ulcers in animals">corneal ulcers</a> and scarring.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Treatment options include manual removal, <a href="/wiki/Electrology" title="Electrology">electrolysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cauterization" title="Cauterization">electrocautery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_laser" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide laser">CO<sub>2</sub> laser</a> ablation,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cryosurgery" title="Cryosurgery">cryotherapy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commonly_affected_breeds">Commonly affected breeds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distichia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Commonly affected breeds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary medicine</a>, some canine breeds are affected by distichiasis more frequently than others: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocker_Spaniel" title="Cocker Spaniel">Cocker Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachshund" title="Dachshund">Dachshund</a> (especially the miniature longhaired Dachshund)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog">Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekingese" title="Pekingese">Pekingese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Terrier" title="Yorkshire Terrier">Yorkshire Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-Coated_Retriever" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat-Coated Retriever">Flat-Coated Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Shetland Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer (dog)">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poodle" title="Poodle">Poodle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gelatt_1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelatt_1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ectopic_cilia">Ectopic cilia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distichia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Ectopic cilia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An ectopic cilia is a special type of distichia usually found in younger dogs. Commonly affected breeds include Poodles, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Retriever" title="Golden Retriever">Golden Retrievers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shih_Tzu" title="Shih Tzu">Shih Tzus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The eyelash exits through the <a href="/wiki/Conjunctiva" title="Conjunctiva">conjunctiva</a> of the eyelid facing toward the eye, usually at the middle of the upper eyelid. It can cause intense pain and <a href="/wiki/Corneal_ulcer" title="Corneal ulcer">corneal ulcers</a>. Treatment is surgery or cryotherapy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distichia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trichiasis" title="Trichiasis">Trichiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphedema_distichiasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphedema distichiasis">Lymphedema distichiasis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distichia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2005" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Dennis E. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2005&amp;PID=10923&amp;O=Generic">"Ophthalmic Examination Made Ridiculously Simple"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+30th+World+Congress+of+the+World+Small+Animal+Veterinary+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Ophthalmic+Examination+Made+Ridiculously+Simple&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.aulast=Brooks&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis+E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vin.com%2Fproceedings%2FProceedings.plx%3FCID%3DWSAVA2005%26PID%3D10923%26O%3DGeneric&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistichia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/30105.htm">"Eyelids: Conformational Abnormalities"</a>. <i>The Merck Veterinary Manual</i>. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Merck+Veterinary+Manual&amp;rft.atitle=Eyelids%3A+Conformational+Abnormalities&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merckvetmanual.com%2Fmvm%2Findex.jsp%3Fcfile%3Dhtm%2Fbc%2F30105.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistichia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler2020" class="citation web cs1">Winkler, Christopher (2020-01-06) [2019]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aesculight.com/case-studies/distichia-laser-surgery/">"There's something in his eye: CO<sub>2</sub> surgical lasers for distichia"</a>. <i>Aesculight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Aesculight&amp;rft.atitle=There%27s+something+in+his+eye%3A+CO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+surgical+lasers+for+distichia&amp;rft.date=2020-01-06&amp;rft.aulast=Winkler&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aesculight.com%2Fcase-studies%2Fdistichia-laser-surgery%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistichia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelatt_1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gelatt_1999_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelatt,_Kirk_N.1999" class="citation book cs1">Gelatt, Kirk N., ed. (1999). <i>Veterinary Ophthalmology</i> (3rd&#160;ed.). Lippincott, Williams &amp; Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-683-30076-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-683-30076-8"><bdi>0-683-30076-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Veterinary+Ophthalmology&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Lippincott%2C+Williams+%26+Wilkins&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=0-683-30076-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistichia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKetring2006" class="citation web cs1">Ketring, Kerry I. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929094306/http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2006/SAE/308.pdf?LA=1">"The Top Ten Ophthalmic Mistakes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2006/SAE/308.pdf?LA=1">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+North+American+Veterinary+Conference&amp;rft.atitle=The+Top+Ten+Ophthalmic+Mistakes&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.aulast=Ketring&amp;rft.aufirst=Kerry+I.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivis.org%2Fproceedings%2Fnavc%2F2006%2FSAE%2F308.pdf%3FLA%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADistichia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distichia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229478" class="extiw" title="d:Q1229478">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q10.3">Q10.3</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=743.63">743.63</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/126300">126300</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb33329.htm">33329</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_visual_structures" title="Accessory visual structures">Adnexa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(eyelid)" title="Ptosis (eyelid)">Ptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectropion" title="Ectropion">Ectropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entropion" title="Entropion">Entropion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Distichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blepharophimosis" title="Blepharophimosis">Blepharophimosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablepharon_macrostomia_syndrome" title="Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome">Ablepharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Gunn_phenomenon" title="Marcus Gunn phenomenon">Marcus Gunn phenomenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_apparatus" title="Lacrimal apparatus">Lacrimal apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasolacrimal_duct_obstruction#Congenital" title="Nasolacrimal duct obstruction">Congenital lacrimal duct obstruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Globe_(human_eye)" title="Globe (human eye)">Globe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entire eye</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anophthalmia" title="Anophthalmia">Anophthalmia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cystic_eyeball" title="Cystic eyeball">Cystic eyeball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptophthalmos" title="Cryptophthalmos">Cryptophthalmos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphthalmia" title="Microphthalmia">Microphthalmia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (anatomy)">Lens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ectopia_lentis" title="Ectopia lentis">Ectopia lentis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphakia" title="Aphakia">Aphakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">Iris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniridia" title="Aniridia">Aniridia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_segment_of_eyeball" title="Anterior segment of eyeball">Anterior segment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axenfeld%E2%80%93Rieger_syndrome" title="Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome">Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">Cornea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratoglobus" title="Keratoglobus">Keratoglobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalocornea" title="Megalocornea">Megalocornea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornea_plana_1" title="Cornea plana 1">Cornea plana 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornea_plana_2" title="Cornea plana 2">Cornea plana 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">Retina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalopapilla" title="Megalopapilla">Megalopapilla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buphthalmos" title="Buphthalmos">Buphthalmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloboma" title="Coloboma">Coloboma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coloboma_of_optic_nerve" 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