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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operational history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>U.S. Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Royal Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Royal New Zealand Air Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Canadian_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Canadian_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Royal Canadian Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Canadian_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camouflage_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camouflage_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Camouflage research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camouflage_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Civilian use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-TBF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TBF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>TBF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TBF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TBM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TBM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>TBM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TBM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Navy_Avenger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Navy_Avenger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Royal Navy Avenger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Navy_Avenger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Canadian_Navy_Avengers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Canadian_Navy_Avengers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Royal Canadian Navy Avengers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Canadian_Navy_Avengers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Surviving aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(TBF_Avenger)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(TBF_Avenger)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Specifications (TBF Avenger)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(TBF_Avenger)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grumman TBF Avenger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%81_%D8%A2%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="غرومان تي بي إف آفنجرز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرومان تي بي إف آفنجرز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="গ্রুম্যান টিবিএফ অ্যাভেঞ্জার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রুম্যান টিবিএফ অ্যাভেঞ্জার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF" title="Grumman TBF – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grumman TBF" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="گرومن تی‌بی‌اف اونجر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرومن تی‌بی‌اف اونجر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8%EB%A8%BC_TBF_%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%A4%EC%A0%80" title="그루먼 TBF 어벤저 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그루먼 TBF 어벤저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBF_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%A8" title="TBF אוונג'ר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="TBF אוונג'ר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBF_Avenger" title="TBF Avenger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBF_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="TBF (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="TBF (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_TBF_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Граман TBF авенџер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Граман TBF авенџер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กรัมแมน ทีบีเอฟ อเวนเจอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรัมแมน ทีบีเอฟ อเวนเจอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avenger" title="Grumman TBF Avenger – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grumman TBF Avenger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBF%E5%BE%A9%E4%BB%87%E8%80%85%E5%BC%8F%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="TBF復仇者式轟炸機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="TBF復仇者式轟炸機" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_Avenger&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman Avenger">Grumman Avenger</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American naval torpedo bomber</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">TBF/TBM Avenger</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TBM3_Avenger_-_Chino_Airshow_2014_(14344070442).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/TBM3_Avenger_-_Chino_Airshow_2014_%2814344070442%29.jpg/300px-TBM3_Avenger_-_Chino_Airshow_2014_%2814344070442%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/TBM3_Avenger_-_Chino_Airshow_2014_%2814344070442%29.jpg/450px-TBM3_Avenger_-_Chino_Airshow_2014_%2814344070442%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/TBM3_Avenger_-_Chino_Airshow_2014_%2814344070442%29.jpg/600px-TBM3_Avenger_-_Chino_Airshow_2014_%2814344070442%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2509" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">General Motors TBM-3E Avenger warbird, 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">Torpedo bomber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a><div> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">9,839</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">7 August 1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1960s</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Grumman TBF Avenger</b> (designated <b>TBM</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for aircraft manufactured by <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>) is an American <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>-era <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">torpedo bomber</a> developed initially for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a>, and eventually used by several air and <a href="/wiki/Naval_aviation" title="Naval aviation">naval aviation</a> services around the world. </p><p>The Avenger entered U.S. service in 1942, and first saw action during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a>. Despite the loss of five of the six Avengers on its combat debut, it survived in service to become the most effective submarine killer<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and most widely-used torpedo bomber of World War II, sharing credit for sinking the super-battleships <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamato" title="Japanese battleship Yamato"><i>Yamato</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Musashi" title="Japanese battleship Musashi"><i>Musashi</i></a> and being credited for sinking 30 submarines. Greatly modified after the war, it remained in use until the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hamlyn_Guide_to_Military_Aircraft_Markings_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hamlyn_Guide_to_Military_Aircraft_Markings-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grumman_TBM_Avenger_aboard_USS_Randolph_(CV-15),_in_1945_(NNAM.1996.488.021.003).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Grumman_TBM_Avenger_aboard_USS_Randolph_%28CV-15%29%2C_in_1945_%28NNAM.1996.488.021.003%29.jpg/220px-Grumman_TBM_Avenger_aboard_USS_Randolph_%28CV-15%29%2C_in_1945_%28NNAM.1996.488.021.003%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Grumman_TBM_Avenger_aboard_USS_Randolph_%28CV-15%29%2C_in_1945_%28NNAM.1996.488.021.003%29.jpg/330px-Grumman_TBM_Avenger_aboard_USS_Randolph_%28CV-15%29%2C_in_1945_%28NNAM.1996.488.021.003%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Grumman_TBM_Avenger_aboard_USS_Randolph_%28CV-15%29%2C_in_1945_%28NNAM.1996.488.021.003%29.jpg/440px-Grumman_TBM_Avenger_aboard_USS_Randolph_%28CV-15%29%2C_in_1945_%28NNAM.1996.488.021.003%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4768" data-file-height="3055" /></a><figcaption>A Grumman TBM (<a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">GM</a>-built TBF) with <a href="/wiki/Grumman_Sto-Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman Sto-Wing">Sto-Wing</a> folding wings</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBF_early1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TBF_early1942.jpg/220px-TBF_early1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TBF_early1942.jpg/330px-TBF_early1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/TBF_early1942.jpg/440px-TBF_early1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>TBF-1 Avenger early in 1942. Note the red spot centered in the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_national_insignia" title="United States military aircraft national insignia">roundel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">flag-inspired fin flash</a> on the rudder, both of which were removed prior to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> to avoid confusion with Japanese insignia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBF_mid1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TBF_mid1942.jpg/220px-TBF_mid1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TBF_mid1942.jpg/330px-TBF_mid1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/TBF_mid1942.jpg/440px-TBF_mid1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>TBF Avenger in mid-1942</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Douglas_TBD_Devastator" title="Douglas TBD Devastator">Douglas TBD Devastator</a>, the U.S. Navy's main torpedo bomber introduced in 1935, was obsolete by 1939. Bids were accepted from several companies, but Grumman's TBF design was selected as the replacement for the TBD and in April 1940 two prototypes were ordered by the Navy. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Grumman" title="Leroy Grumman">Leroy Grumman</a>, the first prototype was called the <i>XTBF-1</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first flown on 7 August 1941. Although one of the first two prototypes crashed near <a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_New_York" title="Brentwood, New York">Brentwood, New York</a>, rapid production continued. </p><p>To ease carrier storage concerns, simultaneously with the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">F4F-4</a> model of its Wildcat carrier fighter, Grumman designed the Avenger to also use the new <a href="/wiki/Grumman_Sto-Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman Sto-Wing">Sto-Wing</a> patented "compound angle" wing-folding mechanism, intended to maximize storage space on an aircraft carrier; the Wildcat's replacement, the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">F6F Hellcat</a>, also employed this mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_engine" title="Aircraft engine">engine</a> used was the twin-row <a href="/wiki/Wright_R-2600" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright R-2600">Wright R-2600-20</a> Twin Cyclone fourteen-cylinder radial engine, which produced 1,900 horsepower (1,420 kW). </p><p>There were three crew members: pilot, turret gunner and radioman/bombardier/ventral gunner. A single <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">synchronized</a> <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun#Aircraft" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">.30 caliber (7.62 mm) machine gun</a> was mounted in the nose, a <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning#.50_Browning_AN/M2" title="M2 Browning">.50 caliber (12.7 mm) gun</a> was mounted right next to the turret gunner's head in a rear-facing electrically powered turret, and a single 0.30 caliber (7.62 mm) hand-fired machine gun flexibly-mounted ventrally (under the tail), which was used to defend against enemy fighters attacking from below and to the rear. This gun was fired by the radioman/bombardier while standing up and bending over in the belly of the tail section, though he usually sat on a folding bench facing forward to operate the radio and to sight in bombing runs. Later models of the TBF/TBM omitted the cowl-mount synchronized 0.30 caliber (7.62 mm) gun, and replaced it with twin Browning AN/M2 0.50 caliber (12.7 mm) light-barrel guns, one in each wing outboard of the propeller arc, per pilots' requests for better forward firepower and increased strafing ability. There was only one set of controls on the aircraft, and no direct access to the pilot's position existed from the rest of the aircraft's interior. The radio equipment was massive, especially by today's standards, and filled the length of the well-framed "greenhouse" canopy to the rear of the pilot. The radios were accessible for repair through a "tunnel" along the right hand side. Any Avengers that are still flying today usually have an additional rear-mounted seat in place of the radios, allowing for a fourth passenger. </p><p>The Avenger had a large bomb bay, allowing for one <a href="/wiki/Bliss-Leavitt_torpedo" title="Bliss-Leavitt torpedo">Bliss-Leavitt</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_13_torpedo" title="Mark 13 torpedo">Mark 13 torpedo</a>, a single 2,000-pound (907 kg) bomb, or up to four 500-pound (227 kg) <a href="/wiki/Aerial_bomb" title="Aerial bomb">bombs</a>. The aircraft had overall ruggedness and stability, and pilots say it flew like a truck, for better or worse. With its good radio facilities, docile handling, and long range, the Grumman Avenger also made an ideal command aircraft for Commanders, Air Group (CAGs). With a 30,000 ft (9,000 m) ceiling and a fully loaded range of 1,000 miles (1,600 km), it was better than any previous American torpedo bomber, and better than its Japanese counterpart, the obsolete <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">Nakajima B5N</a> "Kate". Later Avenger models carried radar equipment for the <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a> and <a href="/wiki/Airborne_Early_Warning" class="mw-redirect" title="Airborne Early Warning">AEW</a> roles. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">Escort carrier</a> sailors referred to the TBF as the "turkey" because of its size and maneuverability in comparison to the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">F4F Wildcat</a> fighters in the same airgroups.<sup id="cite_ref-Proceedings_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Proceedings-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Navy">U.S. Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBF_launching.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TBF_launching.jpg/220px-TBF_launching.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TBF_launching.jpg/330px-TBF_launching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TBF_launching.jpg/440px-TBF_launching.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>TBF Avenger ready for catapult launch</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grumman_TBF-1_Avenger_of_VT-5_about_to_take_off_from_USS_Yorktown_(CV-10),_circa_in_late_1943_(80-G-K-15278).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grumman_TBF-1_Avenger_of_VT-5_about_to_take_off_from_USS_Yorktown_%28CV-10%29%2C_circa_in_late_1943_%2880-G-K-15278%29.jpg/220px-Grumman_TBF-1_Avenger_of_VT-5_about_to_take_off_from_USS_Yorktown_%28CV-10%29%2C_circa_in_late_1943_%2880-G-K-15278%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grumman_TBF-1_Avenger_of_VT-5_about_to_take_off_from_USS_Yorktown_%28CV-10%29%2C_circa_in_late_1943_%2880-G-K-15278%29.jpg/330px-Grumman_TBF-1_Avenger_of_VT-5_about_to_take_off_from_USS_Yorktown_%28CV-10%29%2C_circa_in_late_1943_%2880-G-K-15278%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grumman_TBF-1_Avenger_of_VT-5_about_to_take_off_from_USS_Yorktown_%28CV-10%29%2C_circa_in_late_1943_%2880-G-K-15278%29.jpg/440px-Grumman_TBF-1_Avenger_of_VT-5_about_to_take_off_from_USS_Yorktown_%28CV-10%29%2C_circa_in_late_1943_%2880-G-K-15278%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4687" data-file-height="3528" /></a><figcaption>A Grumman TBF Avenger aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-10)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-10)">USS <i>Yorktown</i></a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> late 1943</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_H.W._Bush_seated_in_a_Grumman_TBM_Avenger,_circa_1944_(H069-13).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/George_H.W._Bush_seated_in_a_Grumman_TBM_Avenger%2C_circa_1944_%28H069-13%29.jpg/220px-George_H.W._Bush_seated_in_a_Grumman_TBM_Avenger%2C_circa_1944_%28H069-13%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/George_H.W._Bush_seated_in_a_Grumman_TBM_Avenger%2C_circa_1944_%28H069-13%29.jpg/330px-George_H.W._Bush_seated_in_a_Grumman_TBM_Avenger%2C_circa_1944_%28H069-13%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/George_H.W._Bush_seated_in_a_Grumman_TBM_Avenger%2C_circa_1944_%28H069-13%29.jpg/440px-George_H.W._Bush_seated_in_a_Grumman_TBM_Avenger%2C_circa_1944_%28H069-13%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="6262" /></a><figcaption>Future American President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, in a TBM Avenger on the light aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_San_Jacinto_(CVL-30)" title="USS San Jacinto (CVL-30)">USS <i>San Jacinto</i></a> in 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>On the afternoon of 7 December 1941, Grumman held a ceremony to open a new manufacturing plant and display the new TBF to the public. Coincidentally, on that day, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attacked Pearl Harbor</a>, as Grumman soon found out. After the ceremony was over, the plant was quickly sealed off to guard against possible sabotage. By early June 1942, a shipment of more than 100 aircraft was sent to the Navy, arriving only a few hours after the three carriers quickly departed from <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, so most of them were too late to participate in the pivotal <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a>. </p><p>Six TBF-1s were present on <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Island</a> – as part of VT-8 (Torpedo Squadron 8) – while the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadron</a> flew Devastators from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Hornet_(CV-8)" title="USS Hornet (CV-8)"><i>Hornet</i></a>. Both types of torpedo bombers suffered heavy casualties. Out of the six Avengers, five were shot down and the other returned heavily damaged with one of its gunners killed, and the other gunner and the pilot wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-USN_ONI_Battle_of_Midway_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USN_ONI_Battle_of_Midway-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Author <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Prange" title="Gordon Prange">Gordon Prange</a> posited in <i>Miracle at Midway</i> that the outdated Devastators (and lack of new aircraft) contributed somewhat to the lack of a complete victory at Midway (the four Japanese fleet carriers were sunk directly by dive bombers instead). Others pointed out that the inexperienced American pilots and lack of fighter cover were responsible for poor showing of US torpedo bombers, regardless of type.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the war, with growing American air superiority, better attack coordination and more veteran pilots, Avengers were able to play vital roles in the subsequent battles against Japanese surface forces.<sup id="cite_ref-supership_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supership-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 August 1942, the next major naval aircraft carrier battle occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Eastern_Solomons" title="Battle of the Eastern Solomons">Eastern Solomons</a>. Based on the carriers <a href="/wiki/USS_Saratoga_(CV-3)" title="USS Saratoga (CV-3)"><i>Saratoga</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)" title="USS Enterprise (CV-6)"><i>Enterprise</i></a>, the 24 TBFs present were able to sink the Japanese light carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Ry%C5%ABj%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō"><i>Ryūjō</i></a> and claim one dive bomber, at the cost of seven aircraft. </p><p>The first major "prize" for the TBFs (which had been assigned the name "Avenger" in October 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor) was at the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Battle_of_Guadalcanal" title="Naval Battle of Guadalcanal">Naval Battle of Guadalcanal</a> in November 1942, when Marine Corps and Navy Avengers helped sink the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Hiei" title="Japanese battleship Hiei"><i>Hiei</i></a>, which had already been crippled the night before. </p><p>After hundreds of the original <i>TBF-1</i> models were built, the <i>TBF-1C</i> began production. The allotment of space for specialized internal and wing-mounted fuel tanks doubled the Avenger's range. By 1943, Grumman began to slowly phase out production of the Avenger to produce <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">F6F Hellcat</a> fighters, and the Eastern Aircraft Division of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> took over production, with these aircraft being designated <i>TBM</i>. The Eastern Aircraft plant was located in <a href="/wiki/Ewing_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Ewing Township, New Jersey">Ewing</a>, New Jersey. Grumman delivered a TBF-1, held together with sheet metal screws, so that the automotive engineers could disassemble it, one part at a time, and redesign the aircraft for automotive-style production. This aircraft was known as the "P-K Avenger" ("P-K" being an abbreviation for Parker-Kalon, manufacturer of sheet metal screws). Starting in mid-1944, the <i>TBM-3</i> began production (with a more powerful powerplant and wing hardpoints for drop tanks and <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rockets</a>). The dash-3 was the most numerous of the Avengers (with about 4,600 produced). However, most of the Avengers in service were dash-1s until near the end of the war in 1945. </p><p>Besides the traditional surface role (torpedoing surface ships), Avengers claimed about 30 <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> kills, including the cargo submarine <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-52_(1942)" title="Japanese submarine I-52 (1942)"><i>I-52</i></a>. They were one of the most effective sub-killers in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific theater</a>, as well as in the Atlantic, when escort carriers were finally available to escort Allied convoys. There, the Avengers contributed to the warding off of German <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> while providing air cover for the convoys. </p><p>After the "<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea" title="Battle of the Philippine Sea">Marianas Turkey Shoot</a>", in which more than 250 Japanese aircraft were downed, <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Mitscher" title="Marc Mitscher">Marc Mitscher</a> ordered a 220-aircraft mission to find the Japanese task force. Fighting 300 nmi (560 km) away from the fleet at the extreme end of their range, the group of Hellcats, TBF/TBMs, and <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bombers</a> took many casualties. However, Avengers from the <a href="/wiki/Independence-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Independence-class aircraft carrier"><i>Independence</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Belleau_Wood_(CVL-24)" title="USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24)">USS <i>Belleau Wood</i></a> sank the light carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiy%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Hiyō"><i>Hiyō</i></a> as their only major prize. Mitscher's gamble did not pay off as well as he had hoped. </p><p>In June 1943, shortly before his 19th birthday, future-president, <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, was commissioned as the youngest naval aviator at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-navy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, while flying a TBM with VT-51 (from <a href="/wiki/USS_San_Jacinto_(CVL-30)" title="USS San Jacinto (CVL-30)">USS <i>San Jacinto</i></a>), his Avenger was shot down on 2 September 1944 over the Pacific island of <a href="/wiki/Chichi_Jima" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichi Jima">Chichi Jima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he released his payload and hit the radio tower target before being forced to bail out over water. Both of his crewmates died. He was rescued at sea by the American submarine <a href="/wiki/USS_Finback_(SS-230)" title="USS Finback (SS-230)">USS <i>Finback</i></a>. He later received the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a>. </p><p>Another famous Avenger aviator was <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a>, who flew as a rear gunner. He had hoped to be accepted for pilot training, but did not qualify because he was <a href="/wiki/Color_blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Color blind">color blind</a>. Newman was on board the escort carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Hollandia" title="USS Hollandia">USS <i>Hollandia</i></a> roughly 500 mi (800 km) from Japan when the <a href="/wiki/Enola_Gay" title="Enola Gay">Enola Gay</a> dropped the <a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">first atomic bomb</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Avenger was the type of torpedo bomber used during the sinking of the two Japanese "super battleships", with the US Navy having complete air superiority in both engagements: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Musashi" title="Japanese battleship Musashi"><i>Musashi</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamato" title="Japanese battleship Yamato"><i>Yamato</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-supership_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-supership-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The postwar disappearance on 5 December 1945 of a flight of five American Avengers, known as <a href="/wiki/Flight_19" title="Flight 19">Flight 19</a>, was later added to the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a> legend, first written about by Edward Van Winkle Jones in an <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> article published in September 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_1950_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_1950-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, the US aeronautical research arm <a href="/wiki/NACA" class="mw-redirect" title="NACA">NACA</a> used a complete Avenger in a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag-reduction</a> study in their large <a href="/wiki/Langley_Research_Center" title="Langley Research Center">Langley</a> <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2020)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Navy">Royal Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Royal Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grumman_Avenger_AS.5_XB355_CU396_744_Sq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Grumman_Avenger_AS.5_XB355_CU396_744_Sq.jpg/220px-Grumman_Avenger_AS.5_XB355_CU396_744_Sq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Grumman_Avenger_AS.5_XB355_CU396_744_Sq.jpg/330px-Grumman_Avenger_AS.5_XB355_CU396_744_Sq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Grumman_Avenger_AS.5_XB355_CU396_744_Sq.jpg/440px-Grumman_Avenger_AS.5_XB355_CU396_744_Sq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Royal Navy Grumman Avenger AS.4 XB355 'CU 396' of 744 Squadron at Blackbushe in 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>The Avenger was also used by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a>, where it was initially known as the "<a href="/wiki/Tarpon" title="Tarpon">Tarpon</a>". Initial test flights were carried out by British Admiralty test pilot <a href="/wiki/Roy_Sydney_Baker-Falkner" title="Roy Sydney Baker-Falkner">Roy Sydney Baker-Falkner</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Boscombe_Down" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Boscombe Down">RAF Boscombe Down</a>. However, this name was later discontinued and the Avenger name used instead, as part of the process of the Fleet Air Arm universally adopting the U.S. Navy's names for American naval aircraft. The first 402 aircraft were known as Avenger Mk I, 334 TBM-1s from Grumman were called the Avenger Mk II, and 334 TBM-3 were designated the Mk III. An interesting kill by a Royal Navy Avenger was the destruction of a <a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V-1 flying bomb</a> on 9 July 1944. The much faster V-1 was overtaking the Avenger when the Telegraphist Air Gunner in the dorsal turret, <a href="/wiki/Leading_Seaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading Seaman">Leading Airman</a> Fred Shirmer, fired at it from 700 yards (640 m). For this achievement, Shirmer was <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_Dispatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in Dispatches">Mentioned in Dispatches</a>, later being awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)">DSM</a> for the 1945 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meridian" title="Operation Meridian">Operation Meridian</a> action at <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the January 1945 British carrier raid on the Soengei Gerong oil refinery during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Meridian" title="Operation Meridian">Operation Meridian</a>, a Fleet Air Arm Avenger shot down a <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-44" title="Nakajima Ki-44">Nakajima Ki-44</a> "Tojo" in low level combat over the jungle.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three Avengers were modified to carry the <a href="/wiki/Bouncing_bomb" title="Bouncing bomb">Highball</a> "bouncing bomb" (given the new codename Tammany Hall), but when trials were unsuccessful, they were returned to standard configuration and passed to the Royal Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One hundred USN TBM-3Es were supplied to the Fleet Air Arm in 1953 under the US <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Assistance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual Defense Assistance Program">Mutual Defense Assistance Program</a>. The aircraft were shipped from <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a>, Virginia, many aboard the Royal Navy aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Perseus_(R51)" title="HMS Perseus (R51)">HMS <i>Perseus</i></a>. The Avengers were fitted with British equipment by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Aviation" title="Scottish Aviation">Scottish Aviation</a> and delivered as the Avenger AS.4 to several FAA squadrons including No. 767, 814, 815, 820 and 824. The aircraft were replaced from 1954 by <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet" title="Fairey Gannet">Fairey Gannets</a> and were passed to squadrons of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Reserve" title="Royal Naval Reserve">Royal Naval Reserve</a> including No. 1841 and 1844 until the RNR Air Branch was disbanded in 1957. The survivors were transferred to the French Navy in 1957–1958. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Royal New Zealand Air Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only other operator in World War II was the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> which used the type primarily as a bomber, equipping Nos. <a href="/wiki/No._30_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 30 Squadron RNZAF">30</a> and <a href="/wiki/No._31_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 31 Squadron RNZAF">31 Squadrons</a>, with both operating from South Pacific island bases during 1944 in support of the <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_campaign" title="Bougainville campaign">Bougainville campaign</a>. Some of the Avengers were later transferred to the <a href="/wiki/British_Pacific_Fleet" title="British Pacific Fleet">British Pacific Fleet</a>. </p><p>In 1945, Avengers were involved in pioneering trials of <a href="/wiki/Aerial_topdressing" title="Aerial topdressing">aerial topdressing</a> in New Zealand that led to the establishment of an industry which markedly increased food production and efficiency in farming worldwide. Pilots of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/No._42_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 42 Squadron RNZAF">No. 42 Squadron</a> spread fertilizer from Avengers beside runways at <a href="/wiki/RNZAF_Base_Ohakea" title="RNZAF Base Ohakea">Ohakea Air Base</a> and provided a demonstration for farmers at <a href="/wiki/Hood_Aerodrome" title="Hood Aerodrome">Hood Aerodrome</a>, Masterton, New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2013)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Canadian_Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Royal Canadian Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenger_of_the_RCNAS_(5168695642).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Avenger_of_the_RCNAS_%285168695642%29.jpg/220px-Avenger_of_the_RCNAS_%285168695642%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Avenger_of_the_RCNAS_%285168695642%29.jpg/330px-Avenger_of_the_RCNAS_%285168695642%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Avenger_of_the_RCNAS_%285168695642%29.jpg/440px-Avenger_of_the_RCNAS_%285168695642%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption>A Royal Canadian Navy Avenger over <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Magnificent" title="HMCS Magnificent">HMCS <i>Magnificent</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the primary postwar users of the Avenger was the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a>, which obtained 125 former US Navy TBM-3E Avengers from 1950 to 1952 to replace their venerable <a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">Fairey Fireflies</a>. By the time the Avengers were delivered, the RCN was shifting its primary focus to <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a> (ASW), and the aircraft was rapidly becoming obsolete as an attack platform. Consequently, 98 of the RCN Avengers were fitted with an extensive number of novel ASW modifications, including <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic countermeasures">electronic countermeasures</a> (ECM) equipment, and <a href="/wiki/Sonobuoy" title="Sonobuoy">sonobuoys</a>, and the upper ball turret was replaced with a sloping glass canopy that was better suited for observation duties. The modified Avengers were designated <i>AS 3</i>. A number of these aircraft were later fitted with a large <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_anomaly_detector" title="Magnetic anomaly detector">magnetic anomaly detector</a> (MAD) boom on the rear left side of the fuselage and were redesignated <i>AS 3M</i>. However, RCN leaders soon realized the Avenger's shortcomings as an ASW aircraft, and in 1954 they elected to replace the AS 3 with the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">Grumman S-2 Tracker</a>, which offered longer range, greater load-carrying capacity for electronics and armament, and a second engine, a great safety benefit when flying long-range ASW patrols over frigid <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic</a> waters. As delivery of the new license-built CS2F Trackers began in 1957, the Avengers were shifted to training duties, and were officially retired in July 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Camouflage_research">Camouflage research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Camouflage research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TBM Avengers were used in wartime research into <a href="/wiki/Counter-illumination" title="Counter-illumination">counter-illumination</a> <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a>. The torpedo bombers were fitted with <a href="/wiki/Yehudi_lights" title="Yehudi lights">Yehudi lights</a>, a set of forward-pointing lights automatically adjusted to match the brightness of the sky. The planes therefore appeared as bright as the sky, rather than as dark shapes. The technology, a development of the Canadian navy's <a href="/wiki/Diffused_lighting_camouflage" title="Diffused lighting camouflage">diffused lighting camouflage</a> research, allowed an Avenger to advance to within 3,000 yards (2,700 m) before being seen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian_use">Civilian use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Civilian use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_retardant_aircraft_and_DC-3_Missoula_Montana_Aerial_Fire_Depot_US_Forest_Service_Johnson_Flying_Service_August_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fire_retardant_aircraft_and_DC-3_Missoula_Montana_Aerial_Fire_Depot_US_Forest_Service_Johnson_Flying_Service_August_1967.jpg/220px-Fire_retardant_aircraft_and_DC-3_Missoula_Montana_Aerial_Fire_Depot_US_Forest_Service_Johnson_Flying_Service_August_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fire_retardant_aircraft_and_DC-3_Missoula_Montana_Aerial_Fire_Depot_US_Forest_Service_Johnson_Flying_Service_August_1967.jpg/330px-Fire_retardant_aircraft_and_DC-3_Missoula_Montana_Aerial_Fire_Depot_US_Forest_Service_Johnson_Flying_Service_August_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fire_retardant_aircraft_and_DC-3_Missoula_Montana_Aerial_Fire_Depot_US_Forest_Service_Johnson_Flying_Service_August_1967.jpg/440px-Fire_retardant_aircraft_and_DC-3_Missoula_Montana_Aerial_Fire_Depot_US_Forest_Service_Johnson_Flying_Service_August_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Flying_Service" title="Johnson Flying Service">Johnson Flying Service</a> TBM Avengers modified to drop fire retardant: <a href="/wiki/Missoula_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Missoula International Airport">Missoula, Montana</a> 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>Many Avengers have survived into the 21st century working as spray-applicators and water-bombers throughout North America, particularly in the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>. </p><p>Forest Protection Limited (FPL) of <a href="/wiki/Fredericton,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredericton, New Brunswick">Fredericton, New Brunswick</a>, once owned and operated the largest civilian fleet of Avengers in the world. FPL began operating Avengers in 1958 after purchasing 12 surplus TBM-3E aircraft from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FPL_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FPL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of the Avenger fleet at FPL peaked in 1971 when 43 aircraft were in use as both water bombers and spray aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-FPL_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FPL-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company sold three Avengers in 2004 (C-GFPS, C-GFPM, and C-GLEJ) to museums or private collectors. The Central New Brunswick Woodsmen's Museum has a former FPL Avenger on static display.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An FPL Avenger that crashed in 1975 in southwestern New Brunswick was recovered and restored by a group of interested aviation enthusiasts and is currently on display at the Atlantic Canada Aviation Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FPL was still operating three Avengers in 2010 configured as water-bombers, and stationed at <a href="/wiki/Miramichi_Airport" title="Miramichi Airport">Miramichi Airport</a>. One of these crashed just after takeoff on 23 April 2010, killing the pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last FPL Avenger was retired on 26 July 2012 and sold to the Shearwater Aviation Museum in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several other Avengers, usually flying as <a href="/wiki/Warbird" title="Warbird">warbirds</a> in private collections around the world today.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are a popular airshow fixture in both flying and static displays.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020 the Commemorative Air Force (CAF) were flying three TBM Avengers<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with one based with the Rocky Mountain Wing in Grand Junction, Colorado; another with the Missouri Wing at St Charles Smartt Field; and their newest with the Capital Wing in Culpeper, Virginia. Each of these allow non-CAF members to ride in the aircraft for a Living History Flight Experience.<sup id="cite_ref-cafrmw_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafrmw-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cafmo_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafmo-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cafcap_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafcap-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBF_dropping_torpedo_NAN2-2-44.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/TBF_dropping_torpedo_NAN2-2-44.jpg/220px-TBF_dropping_torpedo_NAN2-2-44.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/TBF_dropping_torpedo_NAN2-2-44.jpg/330px-TBF_dropping_torpedo_NAN2-2-44.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/TBF_dropping_torpedo_NAN2-2-44.jpg/440px-TBF_dropping_torpedo_NAN2-2-44.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>A TBF-1 dropping a torpedo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBM_VT-90_CV-6_Jan1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TBM_VT-90_CV-6_Jan1945.jpg/220px-TBM_VT-90_CV-6_Jan1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TBM_VT-90_CV-6_Jan1945.jpg/330px-TBM_VT-90_CV-6_Jan1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TBM_VT-90_CV-6_Jan1945.jpg/440px-TBM_VT-90_CV-6_Jan1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>TBM-3Ds of VT(N)-90 January 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBM-3Es_VC-22_over_USS_Coral_Sea_(CVB-43).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/TBM-3Es_VC-22_over_USS_Coral_Sea_%28CVB-43%29.jpg/220px-TBM-3Es_VC-22_over_USS_Coral_Sea_%28CVB-43%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/TBM-3Es_VC-22_over_USS_Coral_Sea_%28CVB-43%29.jpg/330px-TBM-3Es_VC-22_over_USS_Coral_Sea_%28CVB-43%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/TBM-3Es_VC-22_over_USS_Coral_Sea_%28CVB-43%29.jpg/440px-TBM-3Es_VC-22_over_USS_Coral_Sea_%28CVB-43%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>Six U.S. Navy Grumman TBM-3E Avenger anti-submarine aircraft of Composite Squadron VC-22 Checkmates flying over the Mediterranean Sea</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBMs_and_SB2Cs_dropping_bombs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a large number of propeller-driven monoplanes dropping bombs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TBMs_and_SB2Cs_dropping_bombs.jpg/220px-TBMs_and_SB2Cs_dropping_bombs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TBMs_and_SB2Cs_dropping_bombs.jpg/330px-TBMs_and_SB2Cs_dropping_bombs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/TBMs_and_SB2Cs_dropping_bombs.jpg/440px-TBMs_and_SB2Cs_dropping_bombs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2913" data-file-height="2341" /></a><figcaption>US Navy TBMs (foreground) and <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SB2C Helldiver">SB2C Helldivers</a> drop bombs on <a href="/wiki/Hakodate,_Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakodate, Hokkaidō">Hakodate</a> in July 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grumman_TBM-3R_VR-23_over_Korea_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grumman_TBM-3R_VR-23_over_Korea_1953.jpg/220px-Grumman_TBM-3R_VR-23_over_Korea_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grumman_TBM-3R_VR-23_over_Korea_1953.jpg/330px-Grumman_TBM-3R_VR-23_over_Korea_1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Grumman_TBM-3R_VR-23_over_Korea_1953.jpg/440px-Grumman_TBM-3R_VR-23_over_Korea_1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5245" data-file-height="3426" /></a><figcaption>A TBM-3R COD plane in the early 1950s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBM-3W_at_NAS_Patuxent_River_c1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/TBM-3W_at_NAS_Patuxent_River_c1946.jpg/220px-TBM-3W_at_NAS_Patuxent_River_c1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/TBM-3W_at_NAS_Patuxent_River_c1946.jpg/330px-TBM-3W_at_NAS_Patuxent_River_c1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/TBM-3W_at_NAS_Patuxent_River_c1946.jpg/440px-TBM-3W_at_NAS_Patuxent_River_c1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1573" /></a><figcaption>TBM-3W</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_%E2%80%93_World_War_2_Torpedo_Bomber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_%E2%80%93_World_War_2_Torpedo_Bomber.jpg/220px-Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_%E2%80%93_World_War_2_Torpedo_Bomber.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_%E2%80%93_World_War_2_Torpedo_Bomber.jpg/330px-Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_%E2%80%93_World_War_2_Torpedo_Bomber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_%E2%80%93_World_War_2_Torpedo_Bomber.jpg/440px-Mesa-Arizona_Commemorative_Air_Force_Museum-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_%E2%80%93_World_War_2_Torpedo_Bomber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>TBF Avenger Torpedo Bomber</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Grumman_TBM-3S2_Avenger_038_van_vliegtuigsquadron_2_(VSQ2)_is_geland_op_het_vlaggeschip,_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_(R81)_(2015-1-103).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/De_Grumman_TBM-3S2_Avenger_038_van_vliegtuigsquadron_2_%28VSQ2%29_is_geland_op_het_vlaggeschip%2C_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282015-1-103%29.jpg/220px-De_Grumman_TBM-3S2_Avenger_038_van_vliegtuigsquadron_2_%28VSQ2%29_is_geland_op_het_vlaggeschip%2C_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282015-1-103%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/De_Grumman_TBM-3S2_Avenger_038_van_vliegtuigsquadron_2_%28VSQ2%29_is_geland_op_het_vlaggeschip%2C_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282015-1-103%29.jpg/330px-De_Grumman_TBM-3S2_Avenger_038_van_vliegtuigsquadron_2_%28VSQ2%29_is_geland_op_het_vlaggeschip%2C_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282015-1-103%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/De_Grumman_TBM-3S2_Avenger_038_van_vliegtuigsquadron_2_%28VSQ2%29_is_geland_op_het_vlaggeschip%2C_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282015-1-103%29.jpg/440px-De_Grumman_TBM-3S2_Avenger_038_van_vliegtuigsquadron_2_%28VSQ2%29_is_geland_op_het_vlaggeschip%2C_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282015-1-103%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>TBM-3S2 submarine attack variant of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TBF">TBF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: TBF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>XTBF-1</dt> <dd>Prototypes each powered by a 1,700 hp (1,300 kW) R-2600-8 engine, second aircraft introduced the large dorsal fin. (2 built)</dd> <dt>TBF-1</dt> <dd>Initial production model based on the second prototype. (1,526 built)</dd> <dt>TBF-1C</dt> <dd>TBF-1 with provision for two 0.5 in (12.7 mm) wing guns and fuel capacity increased to 726 US gal (2,748 L). (765 built)</dd> <dt>TBF-1B</dt> <dd>Paper designation for the Avenger I for the Royal Navy.</dd> <dt>TBF-1D</dt> <dd>TBF-1 conversions with centimetric radar in radome on right wing leading edge.</dd> <dt>TBF-1CD</dt> <dd>TBF-1C conversions with centimetric radar in radome on right wing leading edge.</dd> <dt>TBF-1E</dt> <dd>TBF-1 conversions with additional electronic equipment.</dd> <dt>TBF-1J</dt> <dd>TBF-1 equipped for bad weather operations</dd> <dt>TBF-1L</dt> <dd>TBF-1 equipped with retractable searchlight in bomb bay.</dd> <dt>TBF-1P</dt> <dd>TBF-1 conversion for photo-reconnaissance</dd> <dt>TBF-1CP</dt> <dd>TBF-1C conversion for photo-reconnaissance</dd> <dt>XTBF-2</dt> <dd>TBF-1 re-engined with a 1,900 hp (1,400 kW) XR-2600-10 engine.</dd> <dt>XTBF-3</dt> <dd>TBF-1 re-engined with 1,900 hp (1,400 kW) R-2600-20 engines.</dd> <dt>TBF-3</dt> <dd>Planned production version of the XTBF-3, cancelled</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TBM">TBM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: TBM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>TBM-1</dt> <dd>as TBF-1. (550 built)</dd> <dt>TBM-1C</dt> <dd>as TBF-1C. (2336 built)</dd> <dt>TBM-1D</dt> <dd>TBM-1 conversions with centimetric radar in radome on right wing leading edge.</dd> <dt>TBM-1E</dt> <dd>TBM-1 conversions with additional electronic equipment.</dd> <dt>TBM-1J</dt> <dd>TBM-1 equipped for all weather operations</dd> <dt>TBM-1L</dt> <dd>TBM-1 equipped with retractable searchlight in bomb bay.</dd> <dt>TBM-1P</dt> <dd>TBM-1 conversion for photo-reconnaissance</dd> <dt>TBM-1CP</dt> <dd>TBM-1C conversion for photo-reconnaissance</dd> <dt>TBM-2</dt> <dd>One TBM-1 re-engined with a 1,900 hp (1,400 kW) XR-2600-10 engine.</dd> <dt>XTBM-3</dt> <dd>Four TBM-1C aircraft with 1,900 hp (1,400 kW) R-2600-20 engines.</dd> <dt>TBM-3</dt> <dd>as TBM-1C, double cooling intakes, engine upgrade, minor changes. (4,011 built)</dd> <dt>TBM-3D</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion with centimetric radar in radome on right wing leading edge.</dd> <dt>TBM-3E</dt> <dd>as TBM-3, stronger airframe, search radar, ventral gun deleted. (646 built).</dd> <dt>TBM-3H</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion with surface search radar.</dd> <dt>TBM-3J</dt> <dd>TBM-3 equipped for all weather operations</dd> <dt>TBM-3L</dt> <dd>TBM-3 equipped with retractable searchlight in bomb bay.</dd> <dt>TBM-3M</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion as a <a href="/wiki/Tiny_Tim_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny Tim rocket">Tiny Tim rocket</a> launcher.</dd> <dt>TBM-3N</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion for night attack.</dd> <dt>TBM-3P</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion for photo-reconnaissance.</dd> <dt>TBM-3Q</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion for electronic countermeasures, retained gun turret.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>TBM-3R</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversions as seven-passenger, <a href="/wiki/Carrier_onboard_delivery" title="Carrier onboard delivery">Carrier onboard delivery</a> transport.</dd> <dt>TBM-3S</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion as an anti-submarine strike version.</dd> <dt>TBM-3U</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion as a general utility and target version.</dd> <dt>TBM-3W</dt> <dd>TBM-3 conversion as the first ship based airborne early warning control and relay platform with <a href="/wiki/AN/APS-20" title="AN/APS-20">AN/APS-20</a> radar in ventral radome.</dd> <dt>XTBM-4</dt> <dd>Prototypes based on TBM-3E with modified wing incorporating a reinforced center section and a different folding mechanism. (3 built)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>TBM-4</dt> <dd>Production version of XTBM-4, 2,141 on order were cancelled.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Navy_Avenger">Royal Navy Avenger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Royal Navy Avenger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avenger_from_HMS_Victorious_in_flight_c1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Avenger_from_HMS_Victorious_in_flight_c1944.jpg/220px-Avenger_from_HMS_Victorious_in_flight_c1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Avenger_from_HMS_Victorious_in_flight_c1944.jpg/330px-Avenger_from_HMS_Victorious_in_flight_c1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Avenger_from_HMS_Victorious_in_flight_c1944.jpg/440px-Avenger_from_HMS_Victorious_in_flight_c1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1987" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/849_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="849 Naval Air Squadron">849 Squadron</a> Avenger II from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victorious_(R38)" title="HMS Victorious (R38)">HMS <i>Victorious</i> (R38)</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Tarpon GR.I</dt> <dd>RN designation of the TBF-1, 400 delivered.</dd> <dt>Avenger Mk.II</dt> <dd>RN designation of the TBM-1/TBM-1C, 334 delivered.</dd> <dt>Avenger Mk.III</dt> <dd>RN designation of the TBM-3, 222 delivered</dd> <dt>Avenger Mk.IV</dt> <dd>RN designation of the TBM-3S, 70 cancelled</dd> <dt>Avenger AS4</dt> <dd>RN designation of the TBM-3E, delivered postwar with minimum modifications</dd> <dt>Avenger AS5</dt> <dd>RN designation of the TBM-3S, delivered postwar & fitted with British equipment</dd> <dt>Avenger AS6</dt> <dd>RN designation of the TBM-3S, fitted with British equipment including a centerline radome. A total of one hundred TBM-3E & TBM-3S were delivered to the Royal Navy in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Canadian_Navy_Avengers">Royal Canadian Navy Avengers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Royal Canadian Navy Avengers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Avenger AS3</dt> <dd>Modified by RCN for anti-submarine duty, dorsal gun turret removed, 98 built</dd> <dt>Avenger AS3M</dt> <dd>AS3 with magnetic anomaly detector boom added to rear fuselage</dd> <dt>Avenger Mk.3W2</dt> <dd>Similar to TBM-3W, with large ventral radome. 8 operated.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grumman_Avenger_ExCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grumman_Avenger_ExCC.jpg/220px-Grumman_Avenger_ExCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grumman_Avenger_ExCC.jpg/330px-Grumman_Avenger_ExCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grumman_Avenger_ExCC.jpg/440px-Grumman_Avenger_ExCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Canadian Avenger AS3M with long tubular <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_anomaly_detector" title="Magnetic anomaly detector">magnetic anomaly detector</a> (MAD) boom along the portside lower rear fuselage</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Onderzeebootbestrijdings-_en_aanvalsvliegtuig_Grumman_Avenger,_reg.rn._A-28_(ex_USN_53920)_(1955-1960),_op_de_catapult_op_vliegkampschip_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_(R81)_(2158_024266).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Onderzeebootbestrijdings-_en_aanvalsvliegtuig_Grumman_Avenger%2C_reg.rn._A-28_%28ex_USN_53920%29_%281955-1960%29%2C_op_de_catapult_op_vliegkampschip_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282158_024266%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Onderzeebootbestrijdings-_en_aanvalsvliegtuig_Grumman_Avenger%2C_reg.rn._A-28_%28ex_USN_53920%29_%281955-1960%29%2C_op_de_catapult_op_vliegkampschip_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282158_024266%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Onderzeebootbestrijdings-_en_aanvalsvliegtuig_Grumman_Avenger%2C_reg.rn._A-28_%28ex_USN_53920%29_%281955-1960%29%2C_op_de_catapult_op_vliegkampschip_Hr.Ms._Karel_Doorman_%28R81%29_%282158_024266%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1806" /></a><figcaption>Royal Netherlands Navy TBM-3S2 anti-submarine attack variant used on aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Karel_Doorman_(R81)" title="HNLMS Karel Doorman (R81)"><i>Karel Doorman</i></a> between 1955-1960.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TBF-1C_30_Sqn_RNZAF_on_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TBF-1C_30_Sqn_RNZAF_on_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpeg/220px-TBF-1C_30_Sqn_RNZAF_on_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TBF-1C_30_Sqn_RNZAF_on_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpeg/330px-TBF-1C_30_Sqn_RNZAF_on_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/TBF-1C_30_Sqn_RNZAF_on_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpeg/440px-TBF-1C_30_Sqn_RNZAF_on_Espiritu_Santo_1944.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1422" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/No._30_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 30 Squadron RNZAF">No. 30 Squadron RNZAF</a> TBF-1C on <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo" title="Espiritu Santo">Espiritu Santo</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMSDF_TBM-3W.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/JMSDF_TBM-3W.jpg/220px-JMSDF_TBM-3W.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/JMSDF_TBM-3W.jpg/330px-JMSDF_TBM-3W.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/JMSDF_TBM-3W.jpg/440px-JMSDF_TBM-3W.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a> TBM-3W</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> operated three Avengers in the 1950s for deck crew training aboard the carrier <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_aircraft_carrier_Minas_Gerais" title="Brazilian aircraft carrier Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> (A-11).</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> operated Avengers until replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">CS2F Tracker</a> in 1960.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Navy">Cuban Navy</a> received 7 TBM-3S2 in 1956; however, they were out of service by 1960.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9ronavale" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéronavale">Aéronavale</a> operated Avengers in the 1950s.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a> operated Hunter-Killer Avengers groups in the 1950s and 1960s.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Naval_Aviation_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Naval Aviation Service">Dutch Naval Aviation Service</a> operated Avengers during the 1950s.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._30_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 30 Squadron RNZAF">No. 30 Squadron RNZAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._31_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 31 Squadron RNZAF">No. 31 Squadron RNZAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 41 Squadron RNZAF">No. 41 Squadron RNZAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._42_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 42 Squadron RNZAF">No. 42 Squadron RNZAF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Fighter_Establishment_RNZAF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Fighter Establishment RNZAF (page does not exist)">Central Fighter Establishment</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Air_Force" title="Nicaraguan Air Force">Nicaraguan Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/700_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="700 Naval Air Squadron">700 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/703_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="703 Naval Air Squadron">703 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/706_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="706 Naval Air Squadron">706 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/711_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="711 Naval Air Squadron">711 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/733_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="733 Naval Air Squadron">733 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/736_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="736 Naval Air Squadron">736 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/738_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="738 Naval Air Squadron">738 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/744_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="744 Naval Air Squadron">744 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/751_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="751 Naval Air Squadron">751 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/756_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="756 Naval Air Squadron">756 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/763_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="763 Naval Air Squadron">763 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/764_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="764 Naval Air Squadron">764 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/768_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="768 Naval Air Squadron">768 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/774_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="774 Naval Air Squadron">774 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/778_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="778 Naval Air Squadron">778 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/782_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="782 Naval Air Squadron">782 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/783_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="783 Naval Air Squadron">783 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/785_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="785 Naval Air Squadron">785 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/787_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="787 Naval Air Squadron">787 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/797_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="797 Naval Air Squadron">797 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/798_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="798 Naval Air Squadron">798 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/820_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="820 Naval Air Squadron">820 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/828_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="828 Naval Air Squadron">828 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/832_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="832 Naval Air Squadron">832 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/845_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="845 Naval Air Squadron">845 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/846_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="846 Naval Air Squadron">846 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/848_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="848 Naval Air Squadron">848 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/849_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="849 Naval Air Squadron">849 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/850_Naval_Air_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="850 Naval Air Squadron">850 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/851_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="851 Naval Air Squadron">851 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/852_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="852 Naval Air Squadron">852 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/853_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="853 Naval Air Squadron">853 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/854_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="854 Naval Air Squadron">854 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/855_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="855 Naval Air Squadron">855 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/856_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="856 Naval Air Squadron">856 Naval Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/857_Naval_Air_Squadron" title="857 Naval Air Squadron">857 Naval Air Squadron</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguayan Navy">Uruguayan Navy</a> operated 16 TBF Avengers in the 1949 to 1963.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_incidents">Notable incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A famous incident involving the TBM / TBF Avenger aircraft was the disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Flight_19" title="Flight 19">Flight 19</a>, a training flight of five Avengers that originated from <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Fort_Lauderdale" title="Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale">Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale</a> and was lost in December 1945 over the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a>.</li> <li>During an airshow on 17 April 2021, TBM #91188 made a successful forced-landing south of Cocoa Beach, Florida near <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Space_Force_Base" title="Patrick Space Force Base">Patrick Space Force Base</a>, in shallow surf.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valiant Air Command, the group that owns the plane, recovered the TBM for transport to Titusville, Florida, for extensive repairs.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Grumman_TBF_Avengers" title="List of surviving Grumman TBF Avengers">List of surviving Grumman TBF Avengers</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(TBF_Avenger)"><span id="Specifications_.28TBF_Avenger.29"></span>Specifications (TBF Avenger)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Specifications (TBF Avenger)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grumman_TBF_Avenger_3-view_line_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grumman TBF-1 Avenger drawing"><img alt="Grumman TBF-1 Avenger drawing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Grumman_TBF_Avenger_3-view_line_drawing.svg/300px-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_3-view_line_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Grumman_TBF_Avenger_3-view_line_drawing.svg/450px-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_3-view_line_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Grumman_TBF_Avenger_3-view_line_drawing.svg/600px-Grumman_TBF_Avenger_3-view_line_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>Grumman TBF-1 Avenger drawing</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> Jane's Fighting aircraft of World War II<sup id="cite_ref-FAoWWII_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAoWWII-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armament data from Flight Journal.com<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 3</li> <li><b>Length:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>40 ft <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in (12.195 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 54 ft 2 in (16.51 m)</li> <li><b>Width:</b> 19 ft (5.8 m) folded</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 16 ft 5 in (5.00 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 490 sq ft (46 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> <b>root:</b> <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 23015</a>; <b>tip:</b> <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 23009</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lednicer_2010_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lednicer_2010-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 15,536 lb (7,047 kg)</li> <li><b>Fuel capacity:</b> <b>Fuel</b> 330 US gal (275 imp gal; 1,249 L) in three center-section integral tanks + 2x 58 US gal (48 imp gal; 220 L) droppable slipper tanks under outer wings, with provision for a jettisonable 275 US gal (229 imp gal; 1,041 L) bomb-bay ferry tank.; <b>Oil</b> 32 US gal (27 imp gal; 121 L)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Wright_R-2600-8_Twin_Cyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright R-2600-8 Twin Cyclone">Wright R-2600-8 Twin Cyclone</a> 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 1,700 hp (1,300 kW)</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 3-bladed <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Standard" title="Hamilton Standard">Hamilton Standard</a> constant-speed propeller</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 278 mph (447 km/h, 242 kn)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 215 mph (346 km/h, 187 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 905 mi (1,456 km, 786 nmi) at cruise speed</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 22,600 ft (6,900 m)</li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 1,075 ft/min (5.46 m/s)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>:</b> 0.11 hp/lb (0.18 kW/kg)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> <br /> <ul><li>1 × 0.30 in (7.62 mm) nose-mounted <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">M1919 Browning machine gun</a> (on early models) or 2 × 0.50 in (12.7 mm) wing-mounted <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Browning machine gun">M2 Browning machine guns</a></li> <li>1 × 0.50 in (12.7 mm) dorsal-mounted M2 Browning machine gun</li> <li>1 × 0.30 in (7.62 mm) ventral-mounted M1919 Browning machine gun</li></ul></li> <li><b>Rockets:</b> <br /> <ul><li>up to eight <a href="/wiki/3.5-Inch_Forward_Firing_Aircraft_Rocket" title="3.5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket">3.5-Inch (89 mm) Forward Firing Aircraft Rockets</a>, 5-inch (127 mm) <a href="/wiki/5-Inch_Forward_Firing_Aircraft_Rocket" title="5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket">Forward Firing Aircraft Rockets</a> or <a href="/wiki/High_Velocity_Aerial_Rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="High Velocity Aerial Rocket">High Velocity Aerial Rockets</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> <br /> <ul><li>Up to 2,000 lb (907 kg) of bombs <b>or</b></li> <li>1 × 2,000 lb (907 kg) <a href="/wiki/Mark_13_torpedo" title="Mark 13 torpedo">Mark 13 torpedo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mark_24_mine" title="Mark 24 mine">Mark 24 mine</a> (<b>Fido</b>) <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_homing" title="Acoustic homing">acoustic homing</a> torpedo</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <p> <b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">Aichi B7A</a> Ryusei</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_TBY_Sea_Wolf" title="Consolidated TBY Sea Wolf">Consolidated TBY Sea Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_TBD_Devastator" title="Douglas TBD Devastator">Douglas TBD Devastator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XTB2D_Skypirate" title="Douglas XTB2D Skypirate">Douglas XTB2D Skypirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Barracuda" title="Fairey Barracuda">Fairey Barracuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Spearfish" title="Fairey Spearfish">Fairey Spearfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">Nakajima B5N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B6N" title="Nakajima B6N">Nakajima B6N</a> Tenzan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">Saab 17</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_aircraft_designations_(pre-1962)" title="List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)">List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of military aircraft of the United States">List of military aircraft of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="List of military electronics of the United States">List of military electronics of the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under the <a href="/wiki/1922_United_States_Navy_aircraft_designation_system" title="1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system">1922 United States Navy aircraft designation system</a> in use at the time, the TB in the designation refers to its role as a torpedo bomber, F was assigned to aircraft built by Grumman, and M to those built by General Motors, G having already been assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Aircraft_Company" title="Great Lakes Aircraft Company">Great Lakes Aircraft Company</a> previously.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305073938/https://visitpearlharbor.org/grumman-tbf-avenger-bomber-changed-war/">"The Grumman TBF Avenger: The Bomber That Changed the War"</a>. <i>Pearl Harbor Visitors Bureau</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visitpearlharbor.org/grumman-tbf-avenger-bomber-changed-war/">the original</a> on 5 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pearl+Harbor+Visitors+Bureau&rft.atitle=The+Grumman+TBF+Avenger%3A+The+Bomber+That+Changed+the+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisitpearlharbor.org%2Fgrumman-tbf-avenger-bomber-changed-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Hamlyn_Guide_to_Military_Aircraft_Markings-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Hamlyn_Guide_to_Military_Aircraft_Markings_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wheeler 1992, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tillman 1999, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2014" class="citation web cs1">Dwyer, Larry (19 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation-history.com/grumman/f4f.html">"Grumman F4F Wildcat"</a>. <i>The Aviation History Online Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>. <q>The F4F-4 was the first version of the Wildcat to feature a Grumman innovation, the <i><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Sto-Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman Sto-Wing">Sto-Wing</a></i>. The <i>Sto-Wing</i> used a novel approach using a compound angle folding-wing that was unique to Grumman ... It was a successful design that was later used on the F6F Hellcat and TBF Avenger.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Aviation+History+Online+Museum&rft.atitle=Grumman+F4F+Wildcat&rft.date=2014-02-19&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviation-history.com%2Fgrumman%2Ff4f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proceedings-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Proceedings_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Rourke1968" class="citation magazine cs1">O'Rourke, G. G. (July 1968). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1968/july/hosenoses-stoofs-and-lefthanded-spads">"Of Hosenoses, Stoofs, and Lefthanded Spads"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_(magazine)" title="Proceedings (magazine)">Proceedings</a></i>. Vol. 94, no. 7. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute" title="United States Naval Institute">United States Naval Institute</a>. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings&rft.atitle=Of+Hosenoses%2C+Stoofs%2C+and+Lefthanded+Spads&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=56&rft.date=1968-07&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=G.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usni.org%2Fmagazines%2Fproceedings%2F1968%2Fjuly%2Fhosenoses-stoofs-and-lefthanded-spads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USN_ONI_Battle_of_Midway-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USN_ONI_Battle_of_Midway_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCombat_Intelligence_Branch1943" class="citation report cs1">Combat Intelligence Branch (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/USN-CN-Midway/USN-CN-Midway-6.html">"Midway's Attack on the Enemy Carriers"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/USN-CN-Midway/">Combat Narrative: The Battle of Midway, June 3–6 1942</a> (Report). U.S. Navy, Office of Naval Intelligence. p. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span> – via HyperWar Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Combat+Narrative%3A+The+Battle+of+Midway%2C+June+3%E2%80%936+1942&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=U.S.+Navy%2C+Office+of+Naval+Intelligence&rft.date=1943&rft.au=Combat+Intelligence+Branch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FUSN%2FUSN-CN-Midway%2FUSN-CN-Midway-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd2006" class="citation web cs1">Shepherd, Joel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cv6.org/1942/midway/midway_2.htm">"1942 – Battle of Midway"</a>. <i>USS Enterprise CV-6</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USS+Enterprise+CV-6&rft.atitle=1942+%E2%80%93+Battle+of+Midway&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cv6.org%2F1942%2Fmidway%2Fmidway_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-supership-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-supership_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-supership_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/supership/">"Sinking the Supership"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)" title="Nova (American TV program)">Nova</a></i>. Season 33. Episode 3212. 4 October 2005. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nova&rft.series=Season+33.+Episode+3212&rft.date=2005-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Fsupership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1941/10/02/archives/fighting-names-given-to-planes-by-the-navy.html">"Fighting Names Given to Planes by the Navy"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Vol. XCI No. 30,567, 2 October 1941, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"New Plane Names". <i>Flying and Popular Aviation</i> (Chicago: Ziff-Davis Publishing Company), Vol. 30 [sic], No. 1, January 1942, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navy-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navy_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150108211228/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq10-1.htm">"Lieutenant Junior Grade George Bush, USNR"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq10-1.htm">the original</a> on 8 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lieutenant+Junior+Grade+George+Bush%2C+USNR&rft.pub=Naval+History+and+Heritage+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Ffaqs%2Ffaq10-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hove 2003, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiseRehill1997" class="citation book cs1">Wise, James E. Jr.; Rehill, Anne Collier (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/starsinbluemovie0000wise"><i>Stars in Blue: Movie Actors in America's Sea Services</i></a></span>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1557509379" title="Special:BookSources/1557509379"><bdi>1557509379</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL668535M">668535M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stars+in+Blue%3A+Movie+Actors+in+America%27s+Sea+Services&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL668535M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=1557509379&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=James+E.+Jr.&rft.au=Rehill%2C+Anne+Collier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstarsinbluemovie0000wise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackettKingsepp2017" class="citation web cs1">Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/musashi.htm">"IJN Battleship Musashi: Tabular Record of Movement"</a>. <i>CombinedFleet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CombinedFleet&rft.atitle=IJN+Battleship+Musashi%3A+Tabular+Record+of+Movement&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Kingsepp%2C+Sander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.combinedfleet.com%2Fmusashi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones_1950-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_1950_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._V._W._Jones1950" class="citation news cs1">E. V. W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span> – via course material, "The Scientific Method - Critical and Creative Thinking", SMU Department of Physics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=Sea%27s+Puzzles+Still+Baffle+Men+In+Pushbutton+Age&rft.pages=6F&rft.date=1950-09-17&rft.au=E.+V.+W.+Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.smu.edu%2Fpseudo%2FBermudaTriangle%2Fevwjones.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023032801/http://gis.larc.nasa.gov/masterplan/section7_public/#history">"History of Langley Research Center."</a> <i>NASA.</i> Retrieved: 22 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014002/http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/rollofhonour/TAG/Honours_TAGsindex.html">"List of all Telegraphist Air Gunners (TAGs) receiving honours and awards whilst serving with front line squadrons, 1939–1945"</a>. <i>Fleet Air Arm Archive</i>. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fleet+Air+Arm+Archive&rft.atitle=List+of+all+Telegraphist+Air+Gunners+%28TAGs%29+receiving+honours+and+awards+whilst+serving+with+front+line+squadrons%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fleetairarmarchive.net%2Frollofhonour%2FTAG%2FHonours_TAGsindex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIredale2015" class="citation book cs1">Iredale, W. (2015). <i>The Kamikaze Hunters</i>. Macmillan. p. 211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230768192" title="Special:BookSources/9780230768192"><bdi>9780230768192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kamikaze+Hunters&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780230768192&rft.aulast=Iredale&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2009" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Iain (2009). <i>Bouncing-Bomb Man: the Science of Sir Barnes Wallis</i>. Haynes. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84425-588-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84425-588-7"><bdi>978-1-84425-588-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bouncing-Bomb+Man%3A+the+Science+of+Sir+Barnes+Wallis&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Haynes&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84425-588-7&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Iain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geelen 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca/aircraft/avenger.htm">"Aircraft History: Grumman Avenger"</a>. <i>Shearwater Aviation Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220100104/http://www.shearwateraviationmuseum.ns.ca/aircraft/avenger.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved: 17 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FPL-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FPL_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FPL_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forestprotectionlimited.com/english/history.html">"History: Timeline."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20050312235157/http://www.forestprotectionlimited.com/english/history.html">Archived</a> 2005-03-12 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> <i>forestprotectionlimited.com.</i> Retrieved: 17 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woodsmenmuseum.com/id2.html">"Woods Museum: Avenger."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080413201147/http://www.woodsmenmuseum.com/id2.html">Archived</a> 2008-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Central New Brunswick Woodsmen's Museum.</i> Retrieved: 22 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acam.ednet.ns.ca/avenger/avenger.htm">"Avenger On Display."</a> <i>Canadian Aviation and Space Museum.</i> Retrieved: 22 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbinsects.blogspot.com/2007_06_01_archive.html">"New Brunswick, June 2007."</a> <i>Insects.</i> Retrieved: 22 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/landandsea/2009/12/nb-firefighters.html">"Land and Sea: NB Firefighters."</a> <i>CBC Television,</i> 9 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/n-b-wwii-plane-lands-at-shearwater-museum-1.1217441">"N.B. WWII plane lands at Shearwater museum."</a> <i>CBC News,</i> 26 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://area51aviation.co.uk/northweald.html">"Avenger."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060628024400/http://www.area51aviation.co.uk/northweald.html">Archived</a> 2006-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Area 51 Aviation.</i> Retrieved: 22 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314153508/http://air.blastmagazine.com/tbftbm-avenger/">"Air Cache: TBF/TBM Avenger"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commemorative+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Collection+%2F+CAF+Fleet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommemorativeairforce.org%2Faircraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cafrmw-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cafrmw_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockymountainwingcaf.org/buy-a-ride.html">"Living History Flight Experience in a WWII TBM Torpedo Bomber"</a>. <i>Rocky Mountain Wing of the Commemorative Air Force</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capital+Wing+of+the+Commemorative+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Warbird+Rides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capitalwing.org%2Frides.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan" class="citation web cs1">Morgan, Rick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rickmorganbooks.com/tbm-3q-avenger.html">"The Enigmatic TBM-3Q"</a>. <i>Rick Morgan Books</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rick+Morgan+Books&rft.atitle=The+Enigmatic+TBM-3Q&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frickmorganbooks.com%2Ftbm-3q-avenger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRickard,_J" class="citation web cs1">Rickard, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_eastern_XTBM-4_avenger.html">"Eastern XTBM-4 Avenger"</a>. <i>Military History Encyclopedia on the Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+History+Encyclopedia+on+the+Web&rft.atitle=Eastern+XTBM-4+Avenger&rft.au=Rickard%2C+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofwar.org%2Farticles%2Fweapons_eastern_XTBM-4_avenger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancillon1989" class="citation book cs1">Francillon, Rene (1989). <i>Grumman Aircraft since 1929</i>. Putnam. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-835-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-835-6"><bdi>0-85177-835-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grumman+Aircraft+since+1929&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-85177-835-6&rft.aulast=Francillon&rft.aufirst=Rene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2021" class="citation news cs1">Perkins, Chris (19 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/florida/fl-ne-air-show-emergency-landing-20210419-ihdjq554bfab7kzqffo4lhqzxe-story.html">"World War II-era plane lands in the ocean during air show at Cocoa Beach"</a>. <i>South Florida Sun Sentinel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun+Sentinel&rft.atitle=World+War+II-era+plane+lands+in+the+ocean+during+air+show+at+Cocoa+Beach&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sun-sentinel.com%2Fnews%2Fflorida%2Ffl-ne-air-show-emergency-landing-20210419-ihdjq554bfab7kzqffo4lhqzxe-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallop2021" class="citation news cs1">Gallop, J. D. (19 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/2021/04/18/vintage-aircraft-splash-landed-waves-just-off-patrick-space-force-base/7277672002/">"Plane that made emergency soft water landing in ocean on the move to Titusville for repairs"</a>. <i>Florida Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Today&rft.atitle=Plane+that+made+emergency+soft+water+landing+in+ocean+on+the+move+to+Titusville+for+repairs&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft.aulast=Gallop&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.floridatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2021%2F04%2F18%2Fvintage-aircraft-splash-landed-waves-just-off-patrick-space-force-base%2F7277672002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAoWWII-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAoWWII_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgman1989" class="citation book cs1">Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1989). <i>Jane's Fighting aircraft of World War II</i> (1995 ed.). New York: Military Press. pp. 234–235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0517679647" title="Special:BookSources/0517679647"><bdi>0517679647</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+Fighting+aircraft+of+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=234-235&rft.edition=1995&rft.pub=Military+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0517679647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightjournal.com/grumman-tbf-avenger">Flight journal.com Grumman TBF Avenger</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lednicer_2010-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lednicer_2010_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer2010" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David (15 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>UIUC Airfoil Data Site</i>. UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UIUC+Airfoil+Data+Site&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrendel2001" class="citation book cs1">Drendel, Lou (2001). <i>TBF/TBM Avenger Walk Around</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-424-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-424-4"><bdi>0-89747-424-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TBF%2FTBM+Avenger+Walk+Around&rft.place=Carrollton%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Squadron%2FSignal+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-89747-424-4&rft.aulast=Drendel&rft.aufirst=Lou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrendel1987" class="citation book cs1">Drendel, Lou (1987). "Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger". <i>U.S. Navy Carrier Bombers of World War II</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications. pp. 89–120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-195-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-195-4"><bdi>0-89747-195-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grumman+TBF%2FTBM+Avenger&rft.btitle=U.S.+Navy+Carrier+Bombers+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Carrollton%2C+Texas&rft.pages=89-120&rft.pub=Squadron%2FSignal+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-89747-195-4&rft.aulast=Drendel&rft.aufirst=Lou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1995" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, R. G. (1995). <i>Front Line Avenger Squadrons of the FAA</i>. Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK: R.G. Fletcher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9518877-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9518877-1-8"><bdi>0-9518877-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Front+Line+Avenger+Squadrons+of+the+FAA&rft.place=Bury+St.+Edmunds%2C+Suffolk%2C+UK&rft.pub=R.G.+Fletcher&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-9518877-1-8&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancillon1970" class="citation book cs1">Francillon, René (1970). <i>Grumman (Eastern) TBF (TBM) Avenger</i>. Aircraft in Profile. Vol. 214. London: Profile Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grumman+%28Eastern%29+TBF+%28TBM%29+Avenger&rft.place=London&rft.series=Aircraft+in+Profile&rft.pub=Profile+Publications&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Francillon&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeelen1983" class="citation book cs1">Geelen, Janic (1983). <i>The Topdressers</i>. Auckland: NZ Aviation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9597642-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9597642-0-8"><bdi>0-9597642-0-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Topdressers&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=NZ+Aviation+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-9597642-0-8&rft.aulast=Geelen&rft.aufirst=Janic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHove2003" class="citation book cs1">Hove, Duane (2003). <i>American Warriors: Five Presidents in the Pacific Theater of World War II</i>. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: Burd Street Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57249-260-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57249-260-0"><bdi>1-57249-260-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Warriors%3A+Five+Presidents+in+the+Pacific+Theater+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Shippensburg%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Burd+Street+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-57249-260-0&rft.aulast=Hove&rft.aufirst=Duane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonDoll1970" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, B. R.; Doll, Thomas E. (1970). <i>Grumman TBF/TBM "Avenger"</i>. Aero Series. Vol. 21. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8168-0580-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8168-0580-6"><bdi>0-8168-0580-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grumman+TBF%2FTBM+%22Avenger%22&rft.place=Fallbrook%2C+California&rft.series=Aero+Series&rft.pub=Aero+Publishers&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8168-0580-6&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=B.+R.&rft.au=Doll%2C+Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonDoll1970" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, B. R.; Doll, Thomas E. (1970). <i>Supplement to Grumman TBF/TBM "Avenger"</i>. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8168-0582-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8168-0582-2"><bdi>0-8168-0582-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supplement+to+Grumman+TBF%2FTBM+%22Avenger%22&rft.place=Fallbrook%2C+California&rft.pub=Aero+Publishers&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8168-0582-2&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=B.+R.&rft.au=Doll%2C+Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinzey1997" class="citation book cs1">Kinzey, Bert (1997). <i>TBF & TBM Avenger in Detail & Scale</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-888974-06-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-888974-06-0"><bdi>1-888974-06-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TBF+%26+TBM+Avenger+in+Detail+%26+Scale&rft.place=Carrollton%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Squadron%2FSignal+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-888974-06-0&rft.aulast=Kinzey&rft.aufirst=Bert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelletier1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pelletier, Alain (1981). <i>Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger</i> (in French). Paris: Editions Ouest-France. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-85882-311-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-85882-311-1"><bdi>2-85882-311-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grumman+TBF%2FTBM+Avenger&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Editions+Ouest-France&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=2-85882-311-1&rft.aulast=Pelletier&rft.aufirst=Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrange1983" class="citation book cs1">Prange, Gordon William; et al. (Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V.) (1983). <i>Miracle at Midway</i>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-006814-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-006814-7"><bdi>0-14-006814-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miracle+at+Midway&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-14-006814-7&rft.aulast=Prange&rft.aufirst=Gordon+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScrivner1987" class="citation book cs1">Scrivner, Charles L. (1987). <i>TBF/TBM Avenger in Action</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-197-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-197-0"><bdi>0-89747-197-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TBF%2FTBM+Avenger+in+Action&rft.place=Carrollton%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Squadron%2FSignal+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-89747-197-0&rft.aulast=Scrivner&rft.aufirst=Charles+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkulski1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Skulski, Przemyslaw (1997). <i>Grumman Avenger</i>. Seria Pod Lupa (in Polish). Vol. 5. Wrocław, Poland: Ace Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-86153-40-7" title="Special:BookSources/83-86153-40-7"><bdi>83-86153-40-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grumman+Avenger&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw%2C+Poland&rft.series=Seria+Pod+Lupa&rft.pub=Ace+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=83-86153-40-7&rft.aulast=Skulski&rft.aufirst=Przemyslaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThetford1991" class="citation book cs1">Thetford, Owen (1991). <i>British Naval Aircraft since 1912</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, UK: Putnam Aeronautical Books, an imprint of Conway Maritime Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-849-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-849-6"><bdi>0-85177-849-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Naval+Aircraft+since+1912&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Putnam+Aeronautical+Books%2C+an+imprint+of+Conway+Maritime+Press+Ltd&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-85177-849-6&rft.aulast=Thetford&rft.aufirst=Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillman1979" class="citation book cs1">Tillman, Barrett (1979). <i>Avenger at War</i>. London: Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-0957-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-0957-0"><bdi>0-7110-0957-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Avenger+at+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-7110-0957-0&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=Barrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillman1999" class="citation book cs1">Tillman, Barrett (1999). <i>TBF/TBM Avenger Units of World War 2</i>. Botley, UK: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-902-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-902-6"><bdi>1-85532-902-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TBF%2FTBM+Avenger+Units+of+World+War+2&rft.place=Botley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85532-902-6&rft.aulast=Tillman&rft.aufirst=Barrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadwell2001" class="citation book cs1">Treadwell, Terry C. (2001). <i>Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger</i>. Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2007-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2007-0"><bdi>0-7524-2007-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grumman+TBF%2FTBM+Avenger&rft.place=Mount+Pleasant%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7524-2007-0&rft.aulast=Treadwell&rft.aufirst=Terry+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1992" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Barry C. (1992). <i>The Hamlyn Guide to Military Aircraft Markings</i>. London: Chancellor Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85152-582-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85152-582-3"><bdi>1-85152-582-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hamlyn+Guide+to+Military+Aircraft+Markings.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chancellor+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-85152-582-3&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Barry+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrumman+TBF+Avenger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_TBF_Avenger&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grumman_TBF_Avenger" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grumman TBF Avenger">Grumman TBF Avenger</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gId18EYl2kU"><span class="plainlinks">"Flying the Grumman TBF "Avenger" (1944)"</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/48133">Pilot's handbook of flight operating instructions : Navy model TBM-3 airplane, British model Avenger III airplane</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/">The Museum of Flight Digital Collections</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">G-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">G-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_JF_Duck" title="Grumman JF Duck">G-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F2F" title="Grumman F2F">G-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_JF_Duck" title="Grumman JF Duck">G-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_JF_Duck" title="Grumman JF Duck">G-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">G-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">G-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">G-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XSBF" title="Grumman XSBF">G-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_J2F_Duck" title="Grumman J2F Duck">G-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">G-16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-17 (page does not exist)">G-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">G-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">G-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_JF_Duck" title="Grumman JF Duck">G-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">G-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">G-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">G-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">G-24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-25 (page does not exist)">G-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">G-26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-27 (page does not exist)">G-27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-29 (page does not exist)">G-29</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-30 (page does not exist)">G-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">G-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">G-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">G-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF5F_Skyrocket" title="Grumman XF5F Skyrocket">G-34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-35 (page does not exist)">G-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">G-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">G-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">G-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">G-39</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF5F_Skyrocket" title="Grumman XF5F Skyrocket">G-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_XJL" title="Columbia XJL">G-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">G-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-44_Widgeon" title="Grumman G-44 Widgeon">G-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF5F_Skyrocket" title="Grumman XF5F Skyrocket">G-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XP-50" title="Grumman XP-50">G-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">G-47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-48 (page does not exist)">G-48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-49&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-49 (page does not exist)">G-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">G-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F7F_Tigercat" title="Grumman F7F Tigercat">G-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F7F_Tigercat" title="Grumman F7F Tigercat">G-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">G-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">G-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XTB2F" title="Grumman XTB2F">G-55</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G-56</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-57&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-57 (page does not exist)">G-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">G-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">G-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">G-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">G-61</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-62&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-62 (page does not exist)">G-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Kitten" title="Grumman Kitten">G-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-65_Tadpole" title="Grumman G-65 Tadpole">G-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XTSF" title="Grumman XTSF">G-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F7F_Tigercat" title="Grumman F7F Tigercat">G-67</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-68&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-68 (page does not exist)">G-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">G-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_AF_Guardian" title="Grumman AF Guardian">G-70</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-71&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-71 (page does not exist)">G-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Kitten" title="Grumman Kitten">G-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-73_Mallard" title="Grumman G-73 Mallard">G-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-44_Widgeon" title="Grumman G-44 Widgeon">G-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F9F_Panther" title="Grumman F9F Panther">G-75</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-76&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-76 (page does not exist)">G-76</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-77&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-77 (page does not exist)">G-77</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-78&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-78 (page does not exist)">G-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F9F_Panther" title="Grumman F9F Panther">G-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F7F_Tigercat" title="Grumman F7F Tigercat">G-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Kitten" title="Grumman Kitten">G-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_AF_Guardian" title="Grumman AF Guardian">G-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF10F_Jaguar" title="Grumman XF10F Jaguar">G-83</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-84 (page does not exist)">G-84</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-85 (page does not exist)">G-85</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-86 (page does not exist)">G-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">G-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_AF_Guardian" title="Grumman AF Guardian">G-90</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-91 (page does not exist)">G-91</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-92 (page does not exist)">G-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">G-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-1_Tracer" title="Grumman E-1 Tracer">G-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">G-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-96</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-97 (page does not exist)">G-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-11_Tiger" title="Grumman F-11 Tiger">G-98</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F11F-1F_Super_Tiger" title="Grumman F11F-1F Super Tiger">J</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">G-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">G-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-101</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-102 (page does not exist)">G-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">G-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">G-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-106</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-107&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-107 (page does not exist)">G-107</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-108&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-108 (page does not exist)">G-108</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-109 (page does not exist)">G-109</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-110 (page does not exist)">G-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">G-112</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-113&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-113 (page does not exist)">G-113</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-114 (page does not exist)">G-114</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-115 (page does not exist)">G-115</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-116 (page does not exist)">G-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-1_Tracer" title="Grumman E-1 Tracer">G-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-118" title="Grumman G-118">G-118</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-119&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-119 (page does not exist)">G-119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">G-121</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-122&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-122 (page does not exist)">G-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" title="Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">G-123</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-124&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-124 (page does not exist)">G-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-126</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-127 (page does not exist)">G-127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">G-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">G-129</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-130 (page does not exist)">G-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-132" title="Grumman G-132">G-132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_OV-1_Mohawk" title="Grumman OV-1 Mohawk">G-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-142</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-143&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-143 (page does not exist)">G-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">G-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I" title="Grumman Gulfstream I">G-159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Ag_Cat" title="Grumman Ag Cat">G-164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">G-165</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-170 (page does not exist)">G-170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-211</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-214&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-214 (page does not exist)">G-214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-215 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">G-215 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-234</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-235&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-235 (page does not exist)">G-235</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-242&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-242 (page does not exist)">G-242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_F-111B" title="General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B">G-273</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-279&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-279 (page does not exist)">G-279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-283&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-283 (page does not exist)">G-283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-288</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-296 (page does not exist)">G-296</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-300 (page does not exist)">G-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">G-303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-305</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-306&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-306 (page does not exist)">G-306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_F-111B" title="General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B">G-310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-315</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-327&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-327 (page does not exist)">G-327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">G-342</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-344 (page does not exist)">G-344</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-356&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-356 (page does not exist)">G-356</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-359&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-359 (page does not exist)">G-359</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-371&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-371 (page does not exist)">G-371</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-376&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-376 (page does not exist)">G-376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">G-378</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">G-391</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-399 (page does not exist)">G-399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">G-413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I" title="Grumman Gulfstream I">G-426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">G-429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_F-111B" title="General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B">G-431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">G-436</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-450&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-450 (page does not exist)">G-450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">G-467</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-484&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-484 (page does not exist)">G-484</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-486&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-486 (page does not exist)">G-486</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-487&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-487 (page does not exist)">G-487</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-511&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-511 (page does not exist)">G-511</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-516&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-516 (page does not exist)">G-516</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-518&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-518 (page does not exist)">G-518</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-532&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-532 (page does not exist)">G-532</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-550&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-550 (page does not exist)">G-550</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-607 (page does not exist)">G-607</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-612&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-612 (page does not exist)">G-612</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-613&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-613 (page does not exist)">G-613</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-618&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-618 (page does not exist)">G-618</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-623&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-623 (page does not exist)">G-623</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-636&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-636 (page does not exist)">G-636</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-674&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-674 (page does not exist)">G-674</a></li> <li>G-680 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_EA-6B_Prowler" title="Grumman EA-6B Prowler">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-698&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-698 (page does not exist)">G-698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_OV-1_Mohawk" title="Grumman OV-1 Mohawk">G-704</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-711&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-711 (page does not exist)">G-711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_X-29" title="Grumman X-29">G-712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_X-29" title="Grumman X-29">G-723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_OV-1_Mohawk" title="Grumman OV-1 Mohawk">G-728</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-730&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-730 (page does not exist)">G-730</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">G-744</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-754&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-754 (page does not exist)">G-754</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumman_G-755&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumman G-755 (page does not exist)">G-755</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flxible_Metro" title="Flxible Metro">G-870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_EA-6B_Prowler" title="Grumman EA-6B Prowler">G-1128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_II" title="Grumman Gulfstream II">G-1159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Model_400" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Model 400">Model 400</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">FF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F2F" title="Grumman F2F">F2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">F3F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">F4F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF5F_Skyrocket" title="Grumman XF5F Skyrocket">XF5F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XP-50" title="Grumman XP-50">XP-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">F6F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XP-50" title="Grumman XP-50">XP-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F7F_Tigercat" title="Grumman F7F Tigercat">F7F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">F8F</a></li> <li>F9F <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F9F_Panther" title="Grumman F9F Panther">-1 to -5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">-6 to -8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">F-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF10F_Jaguar" title="Grumman XF10F Jaguar">XF10F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-11_Tiger" title="Grumman F-11 Tiger">F11F/F-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F11F-1F_Super_Tiger" title="Grumman F11F-1F Super Tiger">F11F-1F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-118" title="Grumman G-118">G-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_F-111B" title="General Dynamics–Grumman F-111B">F-111B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">F-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YF-23" title="Northrop YF-23">NATF-23</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_B-2_Spirit" title="Northrop B-2 Spirit">B-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21_Raider" title="Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider">B-21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attack/Patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XTSF" title="Grumman XTSF">XTSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XTB2F" title="Grumman XTB2F">TB2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_AF_Guardian" title="Grumman AF Guardian">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">S-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">A-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recon/Scouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XSBF" title="Grumman XSBF">XSBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-1_Tracer" title="Grumman E-1 Tracer">E-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_OV-1_Mohawk" title="Grumman OV-1 Mohawk">OV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_EA-6B_Prowler" title="Grumman EA-6B Prowler">EA-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" title="Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">E-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utility/Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">UC-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_JF_Duck" title="Grumman JF Duck">JF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_J2F_Duck" title="Grumman J2F Duck">J2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_J2F_Duck" title="Grumman J2F Duck">OA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">JRF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">J3F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">OA-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">OA-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-44_Widgeon" title="Grumman G-44 Widgeon">OA-14/J4F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">U-16/JR2F/UF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">C-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-2_Greyhound" title="Grumman C-2 Greyhound">C-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-73_Mallard" title="Grumman G-73 Mallard">Mallard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Ag_Cat" title="Grumman Ag Cat">Ag Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Kitten" title="Grumman Kitten">Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-65_Tadpole" title="Grumman G-65 Tadpole">Tadpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I" title="Grumman Gulfstream I">Gulfstream I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_II" title="Grumman Gulfstream II">Gulfstream II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-8_Joint_STARS" title="Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS">E-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-10_MC2A" title="Northrop Grumman E-10 MC2A">E-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics%E2%80%93Grumman_EF-111A_Raven" title="General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven">EF-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_RQ-4_Global_Hawk" title="Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk">Q-4</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-4C_Triton" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-8_Fire_Scout" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-8 Fire Scout">Q-8</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-8C_Fire_Scout" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-8C Fire Scout">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_RQ-180" title="Northrop Grumman RQ-180">Q-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_X-29" title="Grumman X-29">X-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47A_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus">X-47A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47B" title="Northrop Grumman X-47B">X-47B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Bat" title="Northrop Grumman Bat">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Firebird" title="Northrop Grumman Firebird">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Switchblade" title="Northrop Grumman Switchblade">Switchblade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Ag_Cat" title="Grumman Ag Cat">Ag Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_HU-16_Albatross" title="Grumman HU-16 Albatross">Albatross</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Bat" title="Northrop Grumman Bat">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">Bearcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">Cougar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_JF_Duck" title="Grumman JF Duck">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Firebird" title="Northrop Grumman Firebird">Firebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-8C_Fire_Scout" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-8C Fire Scout">Fire Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_RQ-4_Global_Hawk" title="Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk">Global Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-2_Greyhound" title="Grumman C-2 Greyhound">Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_AF_Guardian" title="Grumman AF Guardian">Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">Gulfhawk III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I" title="Grumman Gulfstream I">Gulfstream I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_II" title="Grumman Gulfstream II">Gulfstream II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-2_Hawkeye" title="Grumman E-2 Hawkeye">Hawkeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Hellcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_A-6_Intruder" title="Grumman A-6 Intruder">Intruder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF10F_Jaguar" title="Grumman XF10F Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_E-8_Joint_STARS" title="Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS">Joint STARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Kitten" title="Grumman Kitten">Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-73_Mallard" title="Grumman G-73 Mallard">Mallard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_OV-1_Mohawk" title="Grumman OV-1 Mohawk">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F9F_Panther" title="Grumman F9F Panther">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_X-47A_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_EA-6B_Prowler" title="Grumman EA-6B Prowler">Prowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_B-21_Raider" title="Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider">Raider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF5F_Skyrocket" title="Grumman XF5F Skyrocket">Skyrocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_B-2_Spirit" title="Northrop B-2 Spirit">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F11F-1F_Super_Tiger" title="Grumman F11F-1F Super Tiger">Super Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Switchblade" title="Northrop Grumman Switchblade">Switchblade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-65_Tadpole" title="Grumman G-65 Tadpole">Tadpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-11_Tiger" title="Grumman F-11 Tiger">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F7F_Tigercat" title="Grumman F7F Tigercat">Tigercat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat" title="Grumman F-14 Tomcat">Tomcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_E-1_Tracer" title="Grumman E-1 Tracer">Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">Trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_MQ-4C_Triton" title="Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Triton">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Wildcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-44_Widgeon" title="Grumman G-44 Widgeon">Widgeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Grumman" title="Leroy Grumman">Leroy Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Swirbul" title="Jake Swirbul">Jake Swirbul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="General_Motors_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:General_Motors_aircraft" title="Template:General Motors aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:General_Motors_aircraft" title="Template talk:General Motors aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:General_Motors_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:General Motors aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="General_Motors_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Aircraft_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Aircraft Division (page does not exist)">Eastern Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">USN fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">F2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">F3M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">USN bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Body" title="Fisher Body">Fisher Body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="USAAF_fighters" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">USAAF fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_P-75_Eagle" title="Fisher P-75 Eagle">P-75</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USN/USMC_torpedo_aircraft_designations_pre-1962" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USN_torpedo_aircraft" title="Template:USN torpedo 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