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id="toc-Eastern_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Eastern Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clerical_tonsure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clerical_tonsure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.1</span> <span>Clerical tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clerical_tonsure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monastic_tonsure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monastic_tonsure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.2</span> <span>Monastic tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monastic_tonsure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Western Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clerical_tonsure_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clerical_tonsure_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.1</span> <span>Clerical tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clerical_tonsure_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monastic_tonsure_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monastic_tonsure_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.2</span> <span>Monastic tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monastic_tonsure_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Contemporary practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eastern_Christianity_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Christianity_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Eastern Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Christianity_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baptismal_tonsure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baptismal_tonsure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.1</span> <span>Baptismal tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baptismal_tonsure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monastic_tonsure_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monastic_tonsure_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.2</span> <span>Monastic tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monastic_tonsure_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clerical_tonsure_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clerical_tonsure_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.3</span> <span>Clerical tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clerical_tonsure_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Christianity_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Christianity_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Western Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Christianity_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clerical_tonsure_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clerical_tonsure_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2.1</span> <span>Clerical tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clerical_tonsure_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monastic_tonsure_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monastic_tonsure_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2.2</span> <span>Monastic tonsure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monastic_tonsure_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sunni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secular_European" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secular_European"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Secular European</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secular_European-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Secular European subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Secular_European-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Merovingians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merovingians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Merovingians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merovingians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tonsure</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irik" title="Irik – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Irik" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsura" title="Tonsura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tonsura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%C5%99i%C5%BEiny" title="Postřižiny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Postřižiny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsur" title="Tonsur – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tonsur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsur" title="Tonsur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tonsur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsur" title="Tonsur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tonsur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerga" title="Cerga – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cerga" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsura" title="Tonsura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tonsura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsuro" title="Tonsuro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tonsuro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tontsura" title="Tontsura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tontsura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tonsure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsura" title="Tonsura – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tonsura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AD%EB%B0%9C%EB%A1%80" title="삭발례 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="삭발례" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonzura" title="Tonzura – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tonzura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsuro" title="Tonsuro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tonsuro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsur" title="Tonsur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tonsur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsura" title="Tonsura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tonsura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonz%C3%BAra" title="Tonzúra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tonzúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Постриг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Постриг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsur" title="Tonsur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tonsur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဆံရိတ်ခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆံရိတ်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsuur" title="Tonsuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tonsuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9" title="トンスラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トンスラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsur" title="Tonsur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tonsur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touzeure" title="Touzeure – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Touzeure" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsura" title="Tonsura – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tonsura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsura" title="Tonsura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tonsura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Пострижение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пострижение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirca" title="Chirca – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chirca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonzura" title="Tonzura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tonzura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Постриг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Постриг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonzura" title="Tonzura – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tonzura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsuuri" title="Tonsuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tonsuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsur" title="Tonsur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tonsur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepe_t%C4%B1ra%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Tepe tıraşı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tepe tıraşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Religious shaving of hair on head</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tonsure_fx_tr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tonsure_fx_tr.png/287px-Tonsure_fx_tr.png" decoding="async" width="287" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Tonsure_fx_tr.png/431px-Tonsure_fx_tr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Tonsure_fx_tr.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Roman tonsure (Catholicism)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tonsure</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">tonsura</i></span></i> (meaning "clipping" or "shearing"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and referred to a specific practice in medieval <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>, abandoned by papal order in 1972.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem. </p><p>Tonsure is still a traditional practice in Catholicism by specific religious orders (with papal permission). It is also commonly used in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> for newly baptised members and is frequently used for <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> novices, <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">monks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">nuns</a>. The complete shaving of one's head bald, or just shortening the hair, exists as a traditional practice in Islam after completion of the <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i> and is also practised by a number of <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> religious orders. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Samskara (rite of passage)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg/220px-Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg/330px-Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg/440px-Hindu_baby_first_head_shave_choulopan_chudakarana_sanskara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>A baby's first haircut, which is often a head shave, is a common rite of passage in Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-pandeytonsure_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandeytonsure-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Tonsure is usually the part of three rites of passages in the life of the individual in Hinduism. The first is called <a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">chudakarana</a> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Cūḍākaraṇa, Sanskrit: चूडाकरण; literally, "rite of tonsure"), also known as <i>chaula</i>, <i>chudakarma</i>, <i>mundana</i>, or <i>mundan</i>, marks the child's first haircut, typically the shaving of the head.<sup id="cite_ref-marynama_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marynama-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mother dresses up, sometimes in her wedding <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a>, and with the father present, the baby's head is shaved and nails trimmed, washed and dressed in new clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-kanechou_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanechou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, a tuft of hair (<a href="/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)" title="Shikha (hairstyle)">shikha</a>) is left to cover the soft spot near the top of the baby's head.<sup id="cite_ref-marynama_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marynama-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kanechou_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanechou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both boys and girls typically go through this ceremony, sometimes near a temple or a river, but it is not mandatory in Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-pandeytonsure_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandeytonsure-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The significance of the chudakarana rite of passage is the baby's cyclical step to hygiene and cleanliness.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ritual is typically done about the first birthday, but some texts recommend that it be completed before the third or the seventh year.<sup id="cite_ref-kanechou_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanechou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, this ritual is combined with the rite of passage of <i><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></i>, the initiation to formal schooling.<sup id="cite_ref-marynama_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marynama-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kanechou_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanechou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another rite of passage where tonsure is practiced by Hindus is after the death and completing the last rites of an immediate family member, that is father, mother, brother, sister, spouse, or child. This ritual is regionally found in India among male mourners, who shave their heads as a sign of bereavement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until a few decades ago, many Hindu communities, especially the upper castes, forced widows to undergo the ritual of tonsure and shun good clothes and ornaments, in order to make them unattractive to men.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Jamanadas, tonsure was originally a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> custom and was adopted by Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Pandey and others trace the practice to Sanskrit texts dated to have been composed before the birth of Buddha, which mention tonsure as a rite of passage.<sup id="cite_ref-pandeytonsure_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pandeytonsure-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kanechou_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanechou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_sculpture_of_celtic_hero2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stone_sculpture_of_celtic_hero2.jpg/220px-Stone_sculpture_of_celtic_hero2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stone_sculpture_of_celtic_hero2.jpg/330px-Stone_sculpture_of_celtic_hero2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Stone_sculpture_of_celtic_hero2.jpg/440px-Stone_sculpture_of_celtic_hero2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3323" data-file-height="4115" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M%C5%A1eck%C3%A9_%C5%BDehrovice_Head" title="Mšecké Žehrovice Head">Celtic stone head</a> from ancient <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> (150–50 BC), possibly depicting the form of the later Celtic Christian tonsure</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_and_development">History and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tonsure was not widely known in antiquity. There were three forms of tonsure known in the 7th and 8th centuries: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Oriental</a> consisted of shaving the whole head. This was observed in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern churches</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>. Hence <a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Tarsus" title="Theodore of Tarsus">Theodore of Tarsus</a>, who had acquired his learning in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> and bore this tonsure, had to allow his hair to grow for four months before he could be tonsured after the Roman fashion, and then ordained <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Pope Vitalian</a> in 668.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Celtic_tonsure" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic tonsure">Celtic tonsure</a>, the exact shape of which is unclear from the sources, but in some way involved shaving the head from ear to ear.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shape may have been semicircular, arcing forward from a line between the ears, but another popular suggestion, less borne out in the sources, proposes that the entire forehead was shaved back to the ears.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently a triangular shape, with one point at the front of the head going back to a line between the ears, has been suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Celtic tonsure was worn in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and was connected to the distinct set of practices known as <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was opposed by the Roman tradition, but many adherents to the Celtic tradition continued to maintain the old way well into the 8th and 9th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources have also suggested links between this tonsure and that worn by <a href="/wiki/Druids" class="mw-redirect" title="Druids">druids</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman Iron Age">Pre-Roman Iron Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Roman</a>: this consisted of shaving only the top of the head, so as to allow the hair to grow in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Crown_(headgear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown (headgear)">crown</a>. This is claimed to have originated with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Saint Peter</a>, and is the practice of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_and_medieval_usage">Ancient and medieval usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient and medieval usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Christianity">Eastern Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eastern Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Clerical_tonsure">Clerical tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clerical tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Germanus_I_of_Constantinople" title="Germanus I of Constantinople">St. Germanus I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a> from 715 to 730, writes "The double crown inscribed on the head of the priest through tonsure represents the precious head of the chief-apostle Peter. When he was sent out in the teaching and preaching of the Lord, his head was shaved by those who did not believe his word, as if in mockery. The Teacher Christ blessed this head, changed dishonour into honour, ridicule into praise. He placed on it a crown made not out of precious stones, but one which shines more than gold, topaz, or precious stone – with the stone and rock of faith.” In the Eastern Orthodox Church today, priests, deacons, readers, and other tonsured offices do not have their heads shaved. Rather, four locks of hair are clipped from the top of the head in the shape of a cross to mark their obedience to the Church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Monastic_tonsure">Monastic tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Monastic tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>St. Germanus I writes "The total tonsuring of the head is in imitation of the holy Apostle James, brother of the Lord, and the Apostle Paul, and of the rest."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Christianity">Western Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Western Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg/150px-Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg/225px-Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg/300px-Carlo_Crivelli_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>St Bartholomew (by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Crivelli" title="Carlo Crivelli">Carlo Crivelli</a>, 1473, in the <a href="/wiki/Ascoli_Piceno_Cathedral" title="Ascoli Piceno Cathedral">Ascoli Piceno Cathedral</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Clerical_tonsure_2">Clerical tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Clerical tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, "first tonsure" was, in medieval times, and generally through to 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-Motu_Poprio_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motu_Poprio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rite of inducting someone into the clergy and qualifying him for the civil benefits once enjoyed by <a href="/wiki/Cleric" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleric">clerics</a>. Tonsure was a prerequisite for receiving the <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_orders" title="Major orders">major orders</a>. Failing to maintain tonsure was the equivalent of attempting to abandon one's clerical state, and in the <a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 Code of Canon Law</a>, any cleric in minor orders (or simply tonsured) who did not resume the tonsure within a month after being warned by his <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary (Catholic Church)">Ordinary</a> lost the clerical state.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the appearance of tonsure varied, ending up for non-monastic clergy as generally consisting of a symbolic cutting of a few tufts of hair at first tonsure in the Sign of the Cross and in wearing a bare spot on the back of the head which varied according to the degree of orders. It was not supposed to be less than the size of a communicant's <a href="/wiki/Host_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Host (liturgy)">host</a>, even for a tonsuratus, someone simply tonsured, and the approximate size for a priest's tonsure was the size of a priest's host. Countries that were not Catholic had exceptions to this rule, especially in the English-speaking world. In England and America, for example, the bare spot was dispensed with, likely because of the persecutions that could arise from being a part of the Catholic clergy, but the ceremonious cutting of the hair in the first clerical tonsure was always required. In accordance with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a></i> <i>Ministeria quaedam</i> of 15 August 1972, "first tonsure is no longer conferred".<sup id="cite_ref-Motu_Poprio_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motu_Poprio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Monastic_tonsure_2">Monastic tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Monastic tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from this general clerical tonsure, some <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Western Rite</a> monastic orders, for example <a href="/wiki/Carthusian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthusian">Carthusians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trappist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trappist">Trappists</a>, employed a very full version of tonsure, shaving the head entirely bald and keeping only a narrow ring of short hair, sometimes called "the monastic crown" (see "Roman tonsure", above), from the time of entrance into the monastic <a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">novitiate</a> for all monks, whether destined for service as priests or brothers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_practice">Contemporary practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Contemporary practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Christianity_2">Eastern Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Eastern Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TonsureOfOthodoxReader.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TonsureOfOthodoxReader.jpeg/300px-TonsureOfOthodoxReader.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TonsureOfOthodoxReader.jpeg/450px-TonsureOfOthodoxReader.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/TonsureOfOthodoxReader.jpeg/600px-TonsureOfOthodoxReader.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1616" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption>Clerical tonsure (note the scissors in the bishop's hands) of an Orthodox man in conjunction with ordination to <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor orders</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Today in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, there are three types of tonsure: <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptismal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monastic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">clerical</a>. It always consists of the cutting of four locks of hair in a cruciform pattern: at the front of head as the celebrant says "In the Name of the Father", at the back of head at the words "and the Son", and on either side of the head at the words "and the Holy Spirit". In all cases, the hair is allowed to grow back; the tonsure as such is not adopted as a hairstyle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Baptismal_tonsure">Baptismal tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Baptismal tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baptismal tonsure is performed during the rite of Holy Baptism as a first sacrificial offering by the newly baptised. This tonsure is always performed, whether the one being baptised is an infant or an adult. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Monastic_tonsure_3">Monastic tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Monastic tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Monastic tonsure (of which there are three grades: <a href="/wiki/Rassophore#Eastern_Orthodox_monks" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassophore">Rassophore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stavrophore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavrophore">Stavrophore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Schema" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Schema">Great Schema</a>), is the rite of initiation into the monastic state, symbolic of cutting off of self-will. Orthodox monks traditionally never cut their hair or beards after receiving the monastic tonsure as a sign of the consecration of their lives to God (reminiscent of the Vow of the <a href="/wiki/Nazirite" title="Nazirite">Nazirite</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Clerical_tonsure_3">Clerical tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Clerical tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clerical tonsure is the equivalent of the "first tonsure" in the Latin church. It is done immediately prior to ordination to the minor order of <a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)" title="Reader (liturgy)">reader</a> but is not repeated at subsequent ordinations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to a once common usage that one was, for instance, "tonsured a reader", although technically the tonsure occurs prior to the prayer of ordination within the ordination rite. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_Christianity_2">Western Christianity</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Western Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Clerical_tonsure_4">Clerical tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Clerical tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the issuing of <i>Ministeria quaedam</i> in 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-Motu_Poprio_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motu_Poprio-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> certain institutes have been authorized to use the first clerical tonsure, such as the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_Fraternity_of_Saint_Peter" title="Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter">Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter</a> (1988), the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Christ_the_King_Sovereign_Priest" title="Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest">Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest</a> (1990), and the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration_of_Saint_John_Mary_Vianney" title="Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney">Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney</a> (2001). </p><p>Although the tonsure itself is obsolete, the wearing of a skull cap, called a <a href="/wiki/Zucchetto" title="Zucchetto">zucchetto</a>, in church to keep the head warm, which the fuller form of clerical tonsure led to, still survives. The zucchetto is worn by the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> (in white), <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a> (in red) and <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> (in purple) both during and outside of formal religious ceremonies. Priests may wear a simple black zucchetto, only outside of religious services, though this is almost never seen except on abbots, who continue to wear the black zucchetto, or abbots of the Order of Canons Regular of Premontre, who wear white. Another congregation of Canons Regular, the Canons Regular of the Lateran, wear a white zucchetto as part of their proper habit. Some priests who held special titles (certain ranks of <a href="/wiki/Monsignori" class="mw-redirect" title="Monsignori">monsignori</a> and some canons, for instance) formerly wore black zucchettos with red or purple piping, but this too has fallen out of use except in a few, extremely rare cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Monastic_tonsure_4">Monastic tonsure</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Monastic tonsure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some monastic orders and individual monasteries<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> still maintain the tradition of a monastic tonsure. While not required, it is still a common practice of Latin Church friars, such as the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Missionaries_of_the_Eternal_Word" title="Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word">Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some references compare the tonsure to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Thorns" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Thorns">Crown of Thorns</a> worn by <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Christ</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, tonsure (Sanskrit: <i>mundanā</i>) is a part of the rite of <i><a href="/wiki/Pravrajya" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravrajya">pravrajya</a></i> and also a part of becoming a <a href="/wiki/Bhikshu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikshu">bhikshu</a> (monk) or <a href="/wiki/Bhikshuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhikshuni">bhikshuni</a> (nun). This involves shaving the head and face. This tonsure is renewed as often as required to keep the head cleanly shaven. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> <a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a> stipulates that a monk must shave every two months or when the hair grows two finger-breadths in length. When the Buddha-to-be first cut his hair, the remaining hair curled clockwise to this length, never to grow long again. It is common for the monastic community to shave during the full moon and new moon <a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a> days.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> tradition varies slightly in its forms of tonsure depending on region. According to the Dharmaguptaka Vinaya commentary (四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔, T. 1804) by <a href="/wiki/Daoxuan" title="Daoxuan">Daoxuan</a>, newly-ordained monks should leave one, three, or five small knots of hair (<i>cūḍā</i>) that are ceremonially shaved by their teacher when receiving precepts.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a> includes a practice called <a href="/wiki/Jieba" title="Jieba">jieba</a> (戒疤), wherein the monk or nun receives small burns to the scalp to symbolize their adherence to the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhisattva path">bodhisattva path</a>. </p><p>The <i>Verse of Tonsure</i> (<i>Teihatsu no ge</i> 剃髮偈) is recited by <a href="/wiki/Soto_Zen" class="mw-redirect" title="Soto Zen">Soto Zen</a> practitioners:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>In shaving off beard and hair, (teijo shuhatsu 剃除鬚髮; Sanskrit: <i>śiras-tuṇḍa-muṇḍana</i>)</dd> <dd>we pray that all living beings (tōgan shujō 當願衆生)</dd> <dd>should forever be free from mental afflictions (yōri bonnō 永離煩惱)</dd> <dd>and in the end attain nirvana. (kugyō jakumetsu 究竟寂滅; Sanskrit: <i>atyanta-śānta-praśānta</i>)</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Buddhist">Tibetan Buddhist</a> tradition assigns auspicious days depending on when both laypeople and monastics cut their hair.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/M%C5%ABlasarv%C4%81stiv%C4%81da" class="mw-redirect" title="Mūlasarvāstivāda">Mūlasarvāstivāda</a> Vinaya also regulates the wearing of a special cloth when shaving the head called <i>keśapratigrahaṇa</i> (剃髮衣). This is also the name of the shrine built for the Buddha's hair before it was enshrined in a stupa in <a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81yastri%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Trāyastriṃśa">Trāyastriṃśa</a> heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judaism">Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The purification process of the <i>metzora</i> (one afflicted with <i><a href="/wiki/Tzaraath" title="Tzaraath">tzaraath</a></i>) involved the ritual shaving of the <i>metzorah's</i> entire body except for the afflicted locations.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an effort to distinguish themselves from ancient practices of tonsure associated with idolatry, by doing the inverse, <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jewish">Orthodox Jewish</a> males do not shave the <a href="/wiki/Payot" title="Payot">corners of their beards or scalps</a> with straight blades, as described in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/leviticus/19-27.htm">Leviticus 19:27</a>. </p><p>See also the custom of <a href="/wiki/Upsherin" title="Upsherin">Upsherin</a>, celebrating a boy's first haircut at the age of three. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sunni">Sunni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sunni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Partial tonsure is forbidden in Islam. Muhammad forbade shaving one's hair on some parts of the head while letting it grow on other parts, as in tonsure. However, shaving the head entirely is allowed. The proscription is detailed in the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>. </p> <blockquote lang="ar" dir="rtl"><p>عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ – صلى الله عليه وسلم – نَهَى عَنِ الْقَزَعِ</p></blockquote> <p>From Ibnu 'Umar (he says), the Prophet – peace be upon him – forbids the Qoza‘ (i.e. shaving hair on some parts of the head while let it grow on other parts). Hadith Bukhori V/2214 no.5577 about <i>Al-Qoza‘</i>, and Hadith Muslim III/1675 no.2120, about <i>the Proscription of Al-Qoza‘</i>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2017)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <blockquote lang="ar" dir="rtl"><p> عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَأَى النَّبِي صَلَّى الله عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَبِياًً قَدْ حلقَ بَعْضَ شَعْرٍ رَأسَه وَ تركَ بَعْضاً فقال: اَحلِقْهُ كُلَّهُ أَوْ دَعْهُ كُلَّهُ </p></blockquote> <p>From Ibnu 'Umar (he says), the Prophet – peace be upon him – saw a boy whose head shaven on some parts and let the hair grow on other parts. Then, the Prophet commands, "Shave the head entirely or let the hair grow entirely" Hadith Ahmad II/88, Hadith Abu Dawud no. 4195, and Hadith An-Nasa-i no.5048)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (July 2017)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secular_European">Secular European</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Secular European"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merovingians">Merovingians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Merovingians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Merovingians" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingians">Merovingians</a>, whose rulers were the "long-haired kings",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ancient custom remained that an unsuccessful pretender or a dethroned king would be tonsured. Then he had to retire to a monastery, but sometimes this lasted only until his hair grew back.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus <a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald the Elder</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Pippin_of_Landen" class="mw-redirect" title="Pippin of Landen">Pippin of Landen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dagobert_II" title="Dagobert II">Dagobert II</a>'s guardian, seized the throne for his own son and had Dagobert tonsured, thus marking him unfit for kingship,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and exiled.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of tonsure, coupled with <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castration</a>, was common for deposed emperors and their sons in <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> from around the 8th century, prior to which disfigurement, usually by blinding, was the normal practice.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a> (3rd-4th c.), compiled the "Office of the Monastic Tonsure"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a>, Mundan ceremony</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Benedict" title="Rule of Saint Benedict">Rule of Saint Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)" title="Shikha (hairstyle)">Shikha (hairstyle)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCharlton_T._Lewis" class="citation web cs1">Charlton T. Lewis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aentry%3Dtonsura">"tōnsūra"</a>. <i>An Elementary Latin Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Elementary+Latin+Dictionary&rft.atitle=t%C5%8Dns%C5%ABra&rft.au=Charlton+T.+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0060%253Aentry%253Dtonsura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofmann1972" class="citation news cs1">Hofmann, Paul (September 15, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/09/15/archives/vatican-abolishes-the-tonsure-1500yearold-clerical-rite-vatican.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Vatican Abolishes the Tonsure, 1,500-Year-Old Clerical Rite"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%22Vatican+Abolishes+the+Tonsure%2C+1%2C500-Year-Old+Clerical+Rite%22&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1972-09-15&rft.aulast=Hofmann&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F09%2F15%2Farchives%2Fvatican-abolishes-the-tonsure-1500yearold-clerical-rite-vatican.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pandeytonsure-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pandeytonsure_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pandeytonsure_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pandeytonsure_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajbali Pandey (2013), <i>Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-religious Study of the Hindu Sacraments</i>, 2nd Edition, Motilal Banarsidass, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120803961" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120803961">978-8120803961</a>, pp. 94–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marynama-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marynama_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marynama_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marynama_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary McGee (2007), "Samskara", in <i>The Hindu World</i> (Editors: Mittal and Thursby), <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415772273" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415772273">978-0415772273</a>, pp. 342–343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kanechou-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kanechou_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kanechou_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kanechou_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kanechou_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kanechou_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">PV Kane, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofdharmas029210mbp#page/n317/mode/2up">Samskara, Chapter VI</a>, History of Dharmasastras, Vol. II, Part I, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, pp. 260–265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajbali Pandey (2013), Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-religious Study of the Hindu Sacraments, 2nd Edition, Motilal Banarsidass, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120803961" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120803961">978-8120803961</a>, pp. 94–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Gengnagel and Ute Hüsken (2005), Words and Deeds: Hindu and Buddhist Rituals in South Asia, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3447051521" title="Special:BookSources/978-3447051521">978-3447051521</a>, pp. 204–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deborah Weymont and Tina Rae (2006), Supporting Young People Coping with Grief, Loss and Death, SAGE Publications, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412913126" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412913126">978-1412913126</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReddy2004" class="citation book cs1">Reddy, P. Adinarayana, ed. (2004). <i>Problems of widows in India</i> (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. pp. 42, 119, 124–130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8176254793" title="Special:BookSources/978-8176254793"><bdi>978-8176254793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problems+of+widows+in+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=42%2C+119%2C+124-130&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-8176254793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Jamanadas1991" class="citation book cs1">K. Jamanadas (1991). <i>Tirupati Balaji was a Buddhist Shrine</i>. Sanjivan Publications. <q>The traditional custom of tonsures performed at Tirumalai as religious ceremony can not be viewed upon as a custom of the Brahmanic [Hindu] religion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tirupati+Balaji+was+a+Buddhist+Shrine&rft.pub=Sanjivan+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.au=K.+Jamanadas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCarthy-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2003" class="citation journal cs1">McCarthy, Daniel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c24/c24-140-167.pdf">"On the Shape of the Insular Tonsure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Celtica</i>. <b>24</b>: 140–167<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celtica&rft.atitle=On+the+Shape+of+the+Insular+Tonsure&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=140-167&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.celt.dias.ie%2Fpublications%2Fceltica%2Fc24%2Fc24-140-167.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCarthy, pp. 147–150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCarthy, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McCarthy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Winston S., "A History of the English Speaking Peoples The Birth of Britain", Book 1, "The Island Race", 1956, Dodd, Mead and Company, New York, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carver, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">St. Germanus:69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motu_Poprio-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Motu_Poprio_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motu_Poprio_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motu_Poprio_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/P6MINORS.HTM">[1]</a> "motu proprio", Retrieved 2011-08-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0813/_PC.HTM#GE">Canon 136 par 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law" title="1917 Code of Canon Law">1917 Code of Canon Law</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">West</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor orders</a> were those of <a href="/wiki/Ostiarius" title="Ostiarius">porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)" title="Reader (liturgy)">lector</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exorcist" title="Exorcist">exorcist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">acolyte</a>, and the major orders were <a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">subdiaconate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">diaconate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priesthood</a>, with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> usually being considered a fuller form of priesthood. In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">East</a>, the minor orders are those of reader and <a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">subdeacon</a>, (and, in some places, acolyte); the orders of doorkeeper (porter) and exorcist (catechist) now having fallen into disuse.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly2019" class="citation book cs1">O'Reilly, Jennifer (19 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ch-eDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT83"><i>Early Medieval Text and Image Volume 2: The Codex Amiatinus, the Book of Kells and Anglo-Saxon Art</i></a>. Routledge. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-00872-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-00872-2"><bdi>978-1-000-00872-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+Text+and+Image+Volume+2%3A+The+Codex+Amiatinus%2C+the+Book+of+Kells+and+Anglo-Saxon+Art&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft.isbn=978-1-000-00872-2&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dch-eDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherrow2006" class="citation book cs1">Sherrow, Victoria (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z6vCGbf66YC&dq=tonsure+christs+thorns&pg=PA272"><i>Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33145-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33145-9"><bdi>978-0-313-33145-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Hair%3A+A+Cultural+History&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33145-9&rft.aulast=Sherrow&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Z6vCGbf66YC%26dq%3Dtonsure%2Bchrists%2Bthorns%26pg%3DPA272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.truelittlemonk.com/inter/content/1058">"Why do you have to shave your head to become a Buddhist monk?"</a>. <i>www.truelittlemonk.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.truelittlemonk.com&rft.atitle=Why+do+you+have+to+shave+your+head+to+become+a+Buddhist+monk%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.truelittlemonk.com%2Finter%2Fcontent%2F1058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?54.xml+id(%27b5468-7f85%27)">"Unauthorized"</a></span>. <i>www.buddhism-dict.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.buddhism-dict.net&rft.atitle=Unauthorized&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhism-dict.net%2Fcgi-bin%2Fxpr-ddb.pl%3F54.xml%2Bid%28%2527b5468-7f85%2527%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sotozen.com/eng/library/glossary/individual.html?key=verse_of_tonsure">"Glossary - individual | SOTOZEN.COM"</a>. <i>www.sotozen.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sotozen.com&rft.atitle=Glossary+-+individual+%7C+SOTOZEN.COM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sotozen.com%2Feng%2Flibrary%2Fglossary%2Findividual.html%3Fkey%3Dverse_of_tonsure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fpmt.org/wp-content/uploads/teachers/zopa/advice/pdf/cutting_hair_advice_lzr08.pdf">"Pacifying the Date of Cutting Hair"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FPMT Education Services. September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pacifying+the+Date+of+Cutting+Hair&rft.pub=FPMT+Education+Services&rft.date=2008-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffpmt.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fteachers%2Fzopa%2Fadvice%2Fpdf%2Fcutting_hair_advice_lzr08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.84000.co/translation/toh1-6.html">"The Chapter on Medicines / 84000 Reading Room"</a>. <i>84000 Translating The Words of The Buddha</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=84000+Translating+The+Words+of+The+Buddha&rft.atitle=The+Chapter+on+Medicines+%2F+84000+Reading+Room&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fread.84000.co%2Ftranslation%2Ftoh1-6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></i> <i><a href="/wiki/Nega%27im" title="Nega'im">Nega'im</a></i> 2:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a>' <i>reges criniti</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory of Tours, <i>History of the Franks</i>, II.41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Hoyaux, "Reges criniti: chevelures, tonsures et scalps chez les Mérovingiens," <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_belge_de_philologie_et_d%27histoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire">Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire</a></i>, 26 (1948)]; <a href="/wiki/J._M._Wallace-Hadrill" title="J. M. Wallace-Hadrill">J. M. Wallace-Hadrill</a>, <i>The Long-Haired Kings and Other Essays</i> (London, 1962:154ff).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also Conrad Leyser, "Long-haired kings and short-haired nuns: writing on the body in Caesarius of Arles", <i>Studia patristica</i> <b>24</b> 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Byzantium</i>, John Julius Norwich, Viking Press, 1988.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeda_Venerabilis1896" class="citation book cs1">Beda Venerabilis (1896). <i>Venerabilis Baedae Historiam ecclesiasticam gentis Anglorum, Historiam abbatum, Epistolam ad Ecgberctum, una cum Historia abbatum auctore anonymo, ad fidem codicum manuscriptorum denuo recognovit</i>. Charles Plummer (ed.). Oxonii: e typographeo Clarendoniano.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venerabilis+Baedae+Historiam+ecclesiasticam+gentis+Anglorum%2C+Historiam+abbatum%2C+Epistolam+ad+Ecgberctum%2C+una+cum+Historia+abbatum+auctore+anonymo%2C+ad+fidem+codicum+manuscriptorum+denuo+recognovit&rft.place=Oxonii&rft.pub=e+typographeo+Clarendoniano&rft.date=1896&rft.au=Beda+Venerabilis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchbishop_Averky" class="citation web cs1">Archbishop Averky. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726153144/http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgics_averky_e.htm">"Liturgics"</a>. <i>Liturgics (by Archbishop Averky, d. 1976)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holytrinitymission.org/books/english/liturgics_averky_e.htm">the original</a> on 2011-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liturgics+%28by+Archbishop+Averky%2C+d.+1976%29&rft.atitle=Liturgics&rft.au=Archbishop+Averky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.holytrinitymission.org%2Fbooks%2Fenglish%2Fliturgics_averky_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaint_Germanus_of_Constantinople715–730" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Germanus_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Germanus I of Constantinople">Saint Germanus of Constantinople</a> (715–730). Meyendorff, Fr. John (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldysinger.com/@texts/0720_germanus/02_div-liturgy.htm"><i>St. Germanus of Constantinople on the Divine Liturgy</i></a>. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press (published 1984). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88141-038-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88141-038-1"><bdi>0-88141-038-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+Germanus+of+Constantinople+on+the+Divine+Liturgy&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=715&rft.isbn=0-88141-038-1&rft.au=Saint+Germanus+of+Constantinople&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldysinger.com%2F%40texts%2F0720_germanus%2F02_div-liturgy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2003" class="citation journal cs1">McCarthy, Daniel (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c24/c24-140-167.pdf">"On the Shape of the Insular Tonsure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Celtica</i>. <b>24</b>: 140–167<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celtica&rft.atitle=On+the+Shape+of+the+Insular+Tonsure&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=140-167&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.celt.dias.ie%2Fpublications%2Fceltica%2Fc24%2Fc24-140-167.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1916" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Nalbro Frazier (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raQPAQAAIAAJ&q=Monasticism+in+the+Orthodox+Church+by+N.+F.+Robinson"><i>Monasticism in the Orthodox Churches</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_WI" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, WI">Milwaukee, WI</a>: Young churchman Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-404-05375-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-404-05375-0"><bdi>0-404-05375-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monasticism+in+the+Orthodox+Churches&rft.place=Milwaukee%2C+WI&rft.pub=Young+churchman+Company&rft.date=1916&rft.isbn=0-404-05375-0&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Nalbro+Frazier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DraQPAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DMonasticism%2Bin%2Bthe%2BOrthodox%2BChurch%2Bby%2BN.%2BF.%2BRobinson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokolof1899" class="citation book cs1">Sokolof, Archpriest Dimitrii (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/sokolof/services.toc.html"><i>Manual of the Orthodox Church's Divine Services</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Jordanville,_New_York" title="Jordanville, New York">Jordanville, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Monastery_(Jordanville,_New_York)" title="Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)">Holy Trinity Monastery</a> (published 2001). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88465-067-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88465-067-7"><bdi>0-88465-067-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+the+Orthodox+Church%27s+Divine+Services&rft.place=Jordanville%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Holy+Trinity+Monastery&rft.date=1899&rft.isbn=0-88465-067-7&rft.aulast=Sokolof&rft.aufirst=Archpriest+Dimitrii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fsokolof%2Fservices.toc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stspress.com/products-page/service-books/great-book-of-needs-vol-1/"><i>The Great Book of Needs: Expanded and Supplemented (Volume 1): The Holy Mysteries (v. 1)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Canaan_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="South Canaan Township, Pennsylvania">South Canaan, Pennsylvania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Tikhon%27s_Orthodox_Theological_Seminary" title="Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary">Saint Tikhon's Seminary Press</a>. 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-878997-56-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-878997-56-4"><bdi>1-878997-56-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Book+of+Needs%3A+Expanded+and+Supplemented+%28Volume+1%29%3A+The+Holy+Mysteries+%28v.+1%29&rft.place=South+Canaan%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Saint+Tikhon%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-878997-56-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stspress.com%2Fproducts-page%2Fservice-books%2Fgreat-book-of-needs-vol-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonsure" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonsure&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/tonsure" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/tonsure"><i>tonsure</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tonsure" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tonsure">Tonsure</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantuar.blogspot.com/2006/10/tonsure-of-peter-of-paul-and-of-john.html">The Tonsure of Peter, of Paul, and of John</a> by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Marshall" title="Taylor Marshall">Taylor Marshall</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_030/30_325_337.pdf">The Form of the Celtic Tonsure II. An Examination of Original Documents on the Question of the Form of the Celtic Tonsure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/celtica/c24/c24-140-167.pdf">On the Shape of the Insular Tonsure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927185722/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/pictures/5brisbane_4.jpg">Clerical Tonsure</a> (Russian Orthodox)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929200404/http://www.saintsconstantineandelena.org/Liturgy/baptism10.htm">Baptismal tonsure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012123509/http://russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/eng2006/11enmunich.html">Clerical tonsure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028233425/http://orthodoxyinamerica.org/article.php?id=24">Monastic 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_hair" title="Template:Human hair"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_hair" title="Template talk:Human hair"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_hair" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human hair"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_hair" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Human hair</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanugo" title="Lanugo">Lanugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_hair" title="Terminal hair">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellus_hair" title="Vellus hair">Vellus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">by location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_hair" title="Body hair">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_hair" title="Ear hair">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_hair" title="Nasal hair">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unibrow" title="Unibrow">unibrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">Eyelash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underarm_hair" title="Underarm hair">Underarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_hair" title="Chest hair">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_hair" title="Abdominal hair">Abdominal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubic_hair" title="Pubic hair">Pubic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_hair" title="Leg hair">Leg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head <a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">hairstyles</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_hairstyles" title="List of hairstyles">list of hairstyles</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro" title="Afro">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro_puffs" title="Afro puffs">Afro puffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_cut" title="Asymmetric cut">Asymmetric cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Bald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangs_(hair)" title="Bangs (hair)">Bangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_(hairstyle)" title="Beehive (hairstyle)">Beehive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_hair" title="Big hair">Big hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hair" title="Long hair">Blowout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_cut" title="Bob cut">Bob cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant" title="Bouffant">Bouffant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_cut" title="Bowl cut">Bowl cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid_(hairstyle)" title="Braid (hairstyle)">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broccoli_haircut" title="Broccoli haircut">Broccoli haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_cut" title="Brush cut">Brush, butch, burr cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)" title="Bun (hairstyle)">Bun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bun_(hairstyle)" title="Bun (hairstyle)">odango</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunches" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunches">Bunches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Businessman cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_haircut" title="Butterfly haircut">Butterfly haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_cut" title="Buzz cut">Buzz cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_cut" title="Caesar cut">Caesar cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chignon_(hairstyle)" title="Chignon (hairstyle)">Chignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonmage" title="Chonmage">Chonmage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb_over" title="Comb over">Comb over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conk" title="Conk">Conk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornrows" title="Cornrows">Cornrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_cut" title="Crew cut">Crew cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet_braids" title="Crochet braids">Crochet braids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_facelift" title="Croydon facelift">Croydon facelift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly hair">Curly hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtained_hair" title="Curtained hair">Curtained hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czupryna" title="Czupryna">Czupryna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devilock" title="Devilock">Devilock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dido_flip" title="Dido flip">Dido flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_perm" title="Digital perm">Digital perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadlocks" title="Dreadlocks">Dreadlocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducktail" title="Ducktail">Ducktail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_cut" title="Edgar cut">Edgar cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_crop" title="Eton crop">Eton crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_hair_integrations" title="Artificial hair integrations">Extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">Fauxhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feathered_hair" title="Feathered hair">Feathered hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_wave" title="Finger wave">Finger wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattop" title="Flattop">Flattop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontange" title="Fontange">Fontange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_braid" title="French braid">French braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_twist_(hairstyle)" title="French twist (hairstyle)">French twist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_(hair)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fringe (hair)">Fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frosted_tips" title="Frosted tips">Frosted tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_crimping" title="Hair crimping">Hair crimping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_twists" title="Hair twists">Hair twists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_and_tight" title="High and tight">High and tight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hime_cut" title="Hime cut">Hime cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Christian_hairstyles" title="Historical Christian hairstyles">Historical Christian hairstyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-top_fade" title="Hi-top fade">Hi-top fade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_cut" title="Induction cut">Induction cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_League_(haircut)" title="Ivy League (haircut)">Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_of_Japanese_women" title="Hairstyles of Japanese women">Japanese women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewfro" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewfro">Jewfro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jheri_curl" title="Jheri curl">Jheri curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinky_hair" title="Kinky hair">Kinky hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_curl" title="Kiss curl">Kiss curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laid_edges" title="Laid edges">Laid edges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layered_hair" title="Layered hair">Layered hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_spikes" title="Liberty spikes">Liberty spikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hair" title="Long hair">Long hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lob_(haircut)" title="Lob (haircut)">Lob cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovelock_(hair)" title="Lovelock (hair)">Lovelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelling" title="Marcelling">Marcelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_(haircut)" title="Wings (haircut)">Mod cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_hairstyle" title="Mohawk hairstyle">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(haircut)" title="Mullet (haircut)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1950s" title="Hairstyles in the 1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyles_in_the_1980s" title="Hairstyles in the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pageboy" title="Pageboy">Pageboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Part_(haircut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Part (haircut)">Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payot" title="Payot">Payot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigtail" title="Pigtail">Pigtail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie_cut" title="Pixie cut">Pixie cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompadour_(hairstyle)" title="Pompadour (hairstyle)">Pompadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponytail" title="Ponytail">Ponytail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_perm" title="Punch perm">Punch perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Professional cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_(hairstyle)" title="Queue (hairstyle)">Queue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiff" title="Quiff">Quiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattail_(hairstyle)" title="Rattail (hairstyle)">Rattail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor_cut" class="mw-redirect" title="Razor cut">Razor cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Regular haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringlet_(haircut)" title="Ringlet (haircut)">Ringlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_(haircut)" title="Shag (haircut)">Shag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shape-up" title="Shape-up">Shape-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikha_(hairstyle)" title="Shikha (hairstyle)">Shikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimada_(hairstyle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimada (hairstyle)">Shimada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Short back and sides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_cut" title="Brush cut">Short brush cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_hair" title="Short hair">Short hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_spikes" title="Liberty spikes">Spiky hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight hair">Straight hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Standard haircut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_cutting" title="Step cutting">Step cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfer_hair" title="Surfer hair">Surfer hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_haircut" title="Regular haircut">Taper cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_fade_(hairstyle)" title="Temple fade (hairstyle)">Temple fade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_cut" title="Titus cut">Titus cut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tonsure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Updo" class="mw-redirect" title="Updo">Updo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_rolls" title="Victory rolls">Victory rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waves_(hairstyle)" title="Waves (hairstyle)">Waves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widow%27s_peak" title="Widow's peak">Widow's peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_(haircut)" title="Wings (haircut)">Wings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facial_hair" title="Facial hair">Facial hair</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_facial_hairstyles" title="List of facial hairstyles">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beard" title="Beard">Beard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinstrap_beard" title="Chinstrap beard">Chinstrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatee" title="Goatee">Goatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Kelly_beard" title="Ned Kelly beard">Ned Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_(beard)" title="Shenandoah (beard)">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_patch" title="Soul patch">Soul patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Dyke_beard" title="Van Dyke beard">Van Dyke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moustache" title="Moustache">Moustache</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache" title="Fu Manchu moustache">Fu Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handlebar_moustache" title="Handlebar moustache">handlebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_moustache" title="Horseshoe moustache">horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_moustache" title="Pencil moustache">pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothbrush_moustache" title="Toothbrush moustache">toothbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walrus_moustache" title="Walrus moustache">walrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_stubble" title="Designer stubble">Designer stubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideburns" title="Sideburns">Sideburns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hair subtraction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">cosmetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair_removal" title="Hair removal">Removal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waxing" title="Waxing">waxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threading_(epilation)" title="Threading (epilation)">threading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plucking_(hair_removal)" title="Plucking (hair removal)">plucking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_depilatory" title="Chemical depilatory">chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrology" title="Electrology">electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_hair_removal" title="Laser hair removal">laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intense_pulsed_light" title="Intense pulsed light">IPL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving" title="Shaving">Shaving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_shaving" title="Head shaving">head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg_shaving" title="Leg shaving">leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_cream" title="Shaving cream">cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_brush" title="Shaving brush">brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaving_soap" title="Shaving soap">soap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razor" title="Razor">Razor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_shaver" title="Electric shaver">electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_razor" title="Safety razor">safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_razor" title="Straight razor">straight</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">disorders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hair_loss" title="Hair loss">Alopecia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_areata" title="Alopecia areata">areata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_totalis" title="Alopecia totalis">totalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopecia_universalis" title="Alopecia universalis">universalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frictional_alopecia" title="Frictional alopecia">Frictional alopecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_hair_loss" title="Pattern hair loss">Pattern hair loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrichosis" title="Hypertrichosis">Hypertrichosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss" title="Management of hair loss">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichophilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trichophilia">Trichophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichotillomania" title="Trichotillomania">Trichotillomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogonophobia" title="Pogonophobia">Pogonophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Haircare products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hairbrush" title="Hairbrush">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clay" title="Hair clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clipper" title="Hair clipper">Clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb" title="Comb">Comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_conditioner" title="Hair conditioner">Conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_dryer" title="Hair dryer">Dryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_gel" title="Hair gel">Gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairstyling_product" title="Hairstyling product">Hairstyling products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_comb" title="Hot comb">Hot comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_iron" title="Hair iron">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_mousse" title="Hair mousse">Mousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomade" title="Pomade">Pomade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxer" title="Relaxer">Relaxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_roller" title="Hair roller">Rollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shampoo" title="Shampoo">Shampoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_spray" title="Hair spray">Spray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_volumizer" title="Hair volumizer">Volumizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_wax" title="Hair wax">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_texture_powder" title="Hair texture powder">Hair texture powder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Haircare techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backcombing" title="Backcombing">Backcombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_coloring" title="Hair coloring">Hair coloring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_crimping" title="Hair crimping">Crimping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_Girl_Method" title="Curly Girl Method">Curly Girl Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_cutting" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair cutting">Hair cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_(hairstyle)" title="Perm (hairstyle)">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shampoo_and_set" title="Shampoo and set">Shampoo and set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_straightening" title="Hair straightening">Straightening</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and medical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greying_of_hair" title="Greying of hair">Greying of hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">Hair follicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_hair_growth" title="Human hair growth">Hair growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichology" title="Trichology">Trichology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Walker_Hair_Typing_System" title="Andre Walker Hair Typing System">Andre Walker Hair Typing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beard_and_haircut_laws_by_country" title="Beard and haircut laws by country">Beard and haircut laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_lady" title="Bearded lady">Bearded lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber" title="Barber">Barber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barber%27s_pole" title="Barber's pole">pole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_hairstyle" title="Eponymous hairstyle">Eponymous hairstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frizz" title="Frizz">Frizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Good hair">Good hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairdresser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hairdressers" title="List of hairdressers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_fetishism" title="Hair fetishism">Hair fetishism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Consecrated_life_in_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Template:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Template talk:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_consecrated_life" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic consecrated life"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Consecrated_life_in_the_Catholic_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_consecrated_life" title="Institute of consecrated life">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_virgin" title="Consecrated virgin">Consecrated virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monastic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenobitic_monasticism" title="Cenobitic monasticism">Cenobitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(religion)" title="Chapter (religion)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders" title="Enclosed religious orders">Enclosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiorrhythmic_monasticism" title="Idiorrhythmic monasticism">Idiorrhythmic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_regular" class="mw-redirect" title="Canons regular">Canons regular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">Mendicants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_order_(religious)" title="Second order (religious)">Second orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleric_regular" title="Cleric regular">Cleric regular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">Congregations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_institute" title="Secular institute">Secular institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">Society of apostolic life</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/70px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/105px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/140px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">Vows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_counsels" title="Evangelical counsels">Evangelical counsels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_chastity" class="mw-redirect" title="Vow of chastity">Chastity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_obedience" title="Vow of obedience">Obedience</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_profession" title="Religious profession">Profession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_vow" title="Solemn vow">Solemn vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_silence" title="Vow of silence">Vow of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vow_of_Enclosure" title="Vow of Enclosure">Vow of enclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_abbeys_and_priories" title="List of abbeys and priories">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_house" title="Chapter house">Chapter house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">Cloister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_monastery" title="Double monastery">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermitage_(religious_retreat)" title="Hermitage (religious retreat)">Hermitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Priory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refectory" title="Refectory">Refectory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">Scriptorium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Prayer in the Catholic Church">Prayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours" title="Liturgy of the Hours">Liturgy of the Hours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">Habit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">Clerical clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coif" title="Coif">Coif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornette" title="Cornette">Cornette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapular" title="Scapular">Scapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">Vestment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_General_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>/<a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a>/<a href="/wiki/Prioress" class="mw-redirect" title="Prioress">Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brother (Christian)">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilian_monks" title="Basilian monks">Basilian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sister (Catholic)">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nun#Distinction_between_a_nun_and_a_religious_sister" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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