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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspeed_AS_5" title="Airspeed AS 5 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Airspeed AS 5" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%B5_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ای‌اس۵ کوریر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ای‌اس۵ کوریر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspeed_AS.5_Courier" title="Airspeed AS.5 Courier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Airspeed AS.5 Courier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspeed_Courier" title="Airspeed Courier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Airspeed Courier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspeed_Courier" title="Airspeed Courier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Airspeed Courier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airspeed_Courier" title="Airspeed Courier – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Airspeed Courier" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British 6-seat, single engine aircraft (1933)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">AS.5 Courier</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Airspeed_AS5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Airspeed_AS5.jpg/300px-Airspeed_AS5.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Airspeed_AS5.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="223" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Airspeed Courier A5.5 G-ACJL, pictured on 1934 MacRobertson England - Australia Air Race</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">5/6-seat light transport</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Airspeed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/A._H._Tiltman" title="A. H. Tiltman">A. H. Tiltman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=London,_Scottish_%26_Provincial_Airways_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Ltd (page does not exist)">London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Ltd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">16</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 1933</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Airspeed AS.5 Courier</b> was a British six-seat single-engined light aircraft, designed and produced by the British aircraft manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed Ltd">Airspeed Limited</a> at <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Airport,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Airport, Hampshire">Portsmouth</a>. It was the first British aircraft fitted with a retractable <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a> to go into small quantity production. </p><p>Development work on the Courier started in 1931, envisioned as an advanced aircraft intended primarily for private owner-pilots. Its ambitious design, including its unorthodox undercarriage, attracted the attention of the British aviation pioneer, Sir <a href="/wiki/Alan_Cobham" title="Alan Cobham">Alan Cobham</a>, who saw it as a suitable aircraft for demonstrating his <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">airborne refuelling</a> techniques for long distances flights. Following order confirmation in August 1932, a single prototype was constructed, performing its <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a> on 10 April 1933. </p><p>The Courier quickly proved itself to be of sound design and laudable performance, encouraging Airspeed to commence small quantity production months later. The Courier was primarily purchased by civilian customers, being used as an early <a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">airliner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racing_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing aircraft">racing aircraft</a> and flying testbed. It was also used as a communications aircraft by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Only a single aircraft flew briefly in the <a href="/wiki/Postwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar">postwar</a> era. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the development effort on the <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ferry" title="Airspeed Ferry">Airspeed Ferry</a> airliner was drawing to a close during 1931, company co-founder <a href="/wiki/A._H._Tiltman" title="A. H. Tiltman">Hessell Tiltman</a> was keen for the firm to commence another project.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_41_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, Airspeed's design team has exchanged several rough ideas for a conceptual aircraft suitable for use by private owners; it was asserted that, in comparison with existing models on the market, a modern aircraft for the role ought to be more useful and spacious, with sufficient capacity to accommodate five or six people at a time. Early drafts of what would become the Courier were produced and presented by Tiltman to Airspeed's board, who gave their authorisation for further work during November 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_41_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the aviation author H.A. Taylor, the decision to incorporate hydraulically retractable <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a> upon the aircraft is believed to have been inspired from the similar sized <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_9_Orion" title="Lockheed Model 9 Orion">Lockheed Orion</a> which was manually actuated, although Taylor also observes that this attribution may be <a href="/wiki/Apocryphal" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocryphal">apocryphal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_412_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_412-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The co-founder of Airspeed, <a href="/wiki/Nevil_Shute" title="Nevil Shute">Nevil Shute</a> repeats this in his autobiography <a href="/wiki/Slide_Rule:_Autobiography_of_an_Engineer" title="Slide Rule: Autobiography of an Engineer">Slide Rule: Autobiography of an Engineer</a> and believed this to be the first use of hydraulically retractable landing gear. During this era, while some figures felt that the choice led to an increase in aerodynamic performance as well as aesthetic appeal via its cleaner exterior, there were critics within British aviation circles that doubted the economic value of adopting this approach in light of the more complex mechanisms needed for retraction and deployment.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_412_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_412-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiltman envisioned the aircraft as being relatively speedy and advanced amongst its peers, and that it could also be a suitable medium-sized transport in addition to its use by private owners.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_42_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_42-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Airspeed's efforts had coincided with those of another British aviation pioneer, Sir <a href="/wiki/Alan_Cobham" title="Alan Cobham">Alan Cobham</a>, who was seeking out a suitable aircraft to carry out a log distance flight to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, which was to flown non-stop by using his early <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">airborne refuelling</a> techniques to demonstrate their practicality.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_412_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_412-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as April 1932, talks between Airspeed, Cobham, and <a href="/wiki/Wavell_Wakefield,_1st_Baron_Wakefield_of_Kendal" title="Wavell Wakefield, 1st Baron Wakefield of Kendal">Lord Wakefield</a> was underway, leading to a provisional contract being issued for a single aircraft on 6 May 1932. While Cobham and his benefactors were willing to pay £10,000 for this initial aircraft, including its single <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Lynx" title="Armstrong Siddeley Lynx">Armstrong Siddeley Lynx</a> engine, they also insisted on a demanding timetable, including the aircraft's delivery by 6 April 1933, along with stringent penalty clauses if development fell behind.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_412_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_412-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also concerns amongst Airspeed's board over the project; <a href="/wiki/Baron_Grimthorpe" title="Baron Grimthorpe">Lord Grimthorpe</a> was pessimistic over the use of a retractable undercarriage, having allegedly been influenced by external detractors. However, Tiltman vigorously defended the value of the design choice, and was backed by several other board members, this the feature was retained.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_42_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_42-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arrangements between Cobham and Airspeed were confirmed in full during August 1932, leading to construction of the prototype Courier commencing at Airspeed's York facility during the following month, despite the design not being finalised until October 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_423_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_423-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Into_flight">Into flight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Into flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prototype was built and tested at a relatively high speed in order that the aircraft could be delivered to Cobham as soon as practical. In particular, the fabrication of its undercarriage had overwhelmingly needed original components that were designed and built internally due to a lack of part availability in the supply chain.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_43_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_43-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Airspeed relocated from York to Portsmouth in early 1933, necessitating the prototype being moved via road to the company's new facility. Following its reassembly, the prototype Courier <i>G-ABXN</i> performed its <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a> on 10 April 1933, piloted by <a href="/wiki/George_Stainforth" title="George Stainforth">George Stainforth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_44_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_44-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial flight tests were performed without the engine's <a href="/wiki/Cowling" title="Cowling">cowling</a> being present, yet the prototype still achieved performance close to that which had been estimated for the finalised design, including its maximum speed of 160 MPH.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_45_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_45-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suitably impressed by its early performance, later flights were frequently observed by members of rival British aircraft manufacturers. During the test flight programme, the prototype sustained two minor accidents, in April 1933 at Portsmouth and in June 1933 at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Martlesham_Heath" title="RAF Martlesham Heath">RAF Martlesham Heath</a>, being quickly repaired after both occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_456_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_456-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having gained confidence in the design's attributes by the prototype's relatively smooth testing experience, Airspeed opted to commenced quantity production of the Courier during the summer of 1933. On 4 September 1933, the first production aircraft of an initial batch of three was delivered to the type's appointed <a href="/wiki/Distributor" title="Distributor">distributor</a> <i>Air Exchange and Mart</i>, who promptly used on a demonstration flight to Scotland along with further promotion flights aimed at encouraging sales.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_46_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_46-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December of that year, two basic versions of the aircraft were on offer, one tailored for the domestic market and the other intended for overseas use amongst the colonies of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_46_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_46-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Airspeed Courier was a wooden low-wing <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilever</a> cabin monoplane, incorporating numerous advanced features for the era.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_41_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_41-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such novelty was its use of a retractable <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a>; this was a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patented</a> innovation internally developed by Airspeed, to which the company would subsequently earn revenue from when it was adopted upon other aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">Airspeed Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_423_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_423-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was estimated that the additional weight of the mechanism for retracting and deploying the undercarriage amounted to 30lb, while an increase in cruising speed of 20 MPH was achieved via reduced <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamic_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodynamic drag">drag</a>. Actuation was performed by the pilot via a hand-driven <a href="/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">hydraulic pump</a>. According to Taylor, the undercarriage generated considerable attention amongst the aviation press early on.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_423_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_423-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other aspects of the aircraft, such as its structural design, were relatively conventional.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_52_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_52-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wing's centre section was integral with the fuselage, while the outer wing's structure comprised a pair of <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruce</a> box spurs joined with <a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">ply</a> former ribs.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_524_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_524-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wing had a fabric covering, aside from the <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge" title="Leading edge">leading edge</a>; while the fuselage comprised a <a href="/wiki/Plywood" title="Plywood">plywood</a> exterior supported by <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welded</a> tubes. The tailplane featured a cantilever fin, and was adjustable via a screw jack mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_524_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_524-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Courier was designed to be customised for both long-distance and short-distance operations; customers were offered two alternative fuel tankage arrangements, one accommodated 28 gallons between a tank in the wing's center section while the other spread a total of 66 gallons across a pair of center section tanks and a header tank.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_434_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_434-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the prototype was equipped with an even-greater fuel capacity of 275 gallons, although the aircraft couldn't takeoff with so much fuel due to being significantly overweight, thus this expanding capacity could only ever be fully exploited mid-flight via <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refuelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial refuelling">aerial refuelling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_44_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_44-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiple powerplants were also offered; while the <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Lynx" title="Armstrong Siddeley Lynx">Armstrong Siddeley Lynx</a> engine was promoted for domestic use, the <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Cheetah" title="Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah">Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah</a> <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engine</a> was also used upon most Couriers.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_46_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_46-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_operations">Production and operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production and operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the prototype did not manage Cobham's original deadline of 6 April 1933, he was not ready to perform his long-distance flight for some time either.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_46_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_46-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following roughly one year of practise to perfect his airborne refuelling technique, Cobham took off from Portsmouth in the prototype Courier on an attempted flight to India on 24 September 1934, during which he successfully refuelled from a <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_W8" class="mw-redirect" title="Handley Page W8">Handley Page W.10</a> while doing so; however, Cobham was compelled to conduct a forced landing at <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> on account of a broken throttle. Despite this outcome, the practicality of his aerial refuelling practices had been successfully proven, and would continue to be refined in subsequent years.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_4951_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_4951-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1933 and 1934, Airspeed manufactured a total of 15 production grade Couriers. They were sold to civilian customers who used them for a variety of purposes, including its use as a compact airliner and as an air taxi. Early on, several different firms attempted early airline routes using the aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_47_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_47-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Courier was also popular for a time amongst the <a href="/wiki/Air_racing" title="Air racing">air racing</a> sector of the market; one aircraft (the first production aircraft) came in sixth place in the <a href="/wiki/MacRobertson_Air_Race" title="MacRobertson Air Race">MacRobertson Air Race</a> between Great Britain and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> during late 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_489_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_489-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shute wrote in <a href="/wiki/Slide_Rule:_Autobiography_of_an_Engineer" title="Slide Rule: Autobiography of an Engineer">Slide Rule</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorway1954204–208_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorway1954204–208-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that six Couriers came back to the company when their operating company suspended operations but <i>shortly after that the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> broke out and the machines all sold immediately to various intermediaries for better than the original prices, and all went by devious routes to Spain</i>. He had got a reputation as <i>unscrupulous</i> for resisting the auditors’ attempt to write their value down on the books; see <a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed Ltd">Airspeed Ltd</a>. </p><p>In 1936, a gun-running organization, Union Founders' Trust, bought five Couriers with the intention of selling them for use by the Republicans in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. However, protests from the non-interference lobby in England stopped delivery. Two Republican sympathisers on the Airspeed staff made an abortive attempt to steal <i>G-ACVE</i>. One of them, Arthur Gargett, died when it crashed after taking off at Portsmouth on 20 August 1936; the other, Joseph Smith, was sentenced to four months in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to its advanced aerodynamics, two Couriers were used as research aircraft, one by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a> (RAE) and one by <a href="/wiki/Napier_%26_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="Napier & Son">Napier's</a>, who used it for development of the Napier Rapier engine. The RAE aircraft was modified by Airspeed via the addition of high-lift devices and drag inducers, along with modified controls, for testing purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_467_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_467-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the outbreak of the Second World War, the majority of the surviving Couriers were impressed into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF), where they were typically used for communications purposes. Only a single Courier survived the conflict, and was briefly used for joyriding flights at <a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a> prior to being scrapped during December 1947. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>AS.5 Courier</dt> <dd>Prototype - 240 hp (179 kW) 240 hp <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Lynx" title="Armstrong Siddeley Lynx">Armstrong Siddeley Lynx</a> IVC</dd> <dt>AS.5A Courier</dt> <dd>Main production type - 240 hp (179 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Lynx IVC.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_46_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_46-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>AS.5B Courier</dt> <dd>Fitted with more powerful 277 hp (207 kW) <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Cheetah" title="Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah">Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah</a> V engine.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_46_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_46-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two built.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_1779_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_1779-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>AS.5C Courier</dt> <dd>One aircraft, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">registered</a> <i>G-ACNZ</i> was bought as an engine testbed by <a href="/wiki/Napier_%26_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="Napier & Son">Napier</a> - Powered by 325 hp (242 kW) <a href="/wiki/Napier_Rapier" title="Napier Rapier">Napier Rapier</a> IV engine.<sup id="cite_ref-taylor_51_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taylor_51-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents_and_incidents">Accidents and incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Accidents and incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 September 1934, G-ACSY of <a href="/w/index.php?title=London,_Scottish_%26_Provincial_Airways_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Ltd (page does not exist)">London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Ltd</a> <a href="/wiki/1934_London,_Scottish_%26_Provincial_Airways_Airspeed_Courier_crash" title="1934 London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Airspeed Courier crash">crashed</a> at <a href="/wiki/Shoreham,_Kent" title="Shoreham, Kent">Shoreham, Kent</a>, United Kingdom, killing all four people on board and injuring two on the ground. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>Air Taxis Ltd</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Airways" title="Channel Airways">Channel Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobham_Air_Routes" title="Cobham Air Routes">Cobham Air Routes</a></li> <li>London, Scottish & Provincial Airways</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Airways" title="North Eastern Airways">North Eastern Airways</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Archive''_1992_No._245_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Archive''_1992_No._245-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_Auxiliary" title="Air Transport Auxiliary">Air Transport Auxiliary</a> <ul><li>No. 3 Ferry Pilots Pool</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specification">Specification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Specification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airspeed_AS.5_Courier_3-view_NACA-AC-178.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Airspeed_AS.5_Courier_3-view_NACA-AC-178.png/220px-Airspeed_AS.5_Courier_3-view_NACA-AC-178.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Airspeed_AS.5_Courier_3-view_NACA-AC-178.png/330px-Airspeed_AS.5_Courier_3-view_NACA-AC-178.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Airspeed_AS.5_Courier_3-view_NACA-AC-178.png/440px-Airspeed_AS.5_Courier_3-view_NACA-AC-178.png 2x" data-file-width="1806" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption>Airspeed AS.5 Courier 3-view drawing from NACA-AC-178</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <i>British Civil Aircraft since 1919</i><sup id="cite_ref-jckv1p18-9_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jckv1p18-9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 1</li> <li><b>Capacity:</b> Five passengers</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 28 ft 6 in (8.69 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 47 ft 0 in (14.33 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 8 ft 9 in (2.67 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 250 sq ft (23 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 2,344 lb (1,063 kg)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 3,900 lb (1,769 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley_Lynx" title="Armstrong Siddeley Lynx">Armstrong Siddeley Lynx</a> IVC air-cooled seven-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engine</a>, 240 hp (180 kW)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 153 mph (246 km/h, 133 kn)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 132 mph (212 km/h, 115 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 635 mi (1,022 km, 552 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 13,500 ft (4,100 m)</li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 730 ft/min (3.7 m/s)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="List of aircraft of the RAF">List of aircraft of the RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Seagull V">Supermarine Seagull V</a>, the first British military aircraft to have a retractable undercarriage.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-taylor_41-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_41_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_41_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_41_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_412-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_412_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_412_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_412_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_412_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_42-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_42_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_42_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_423-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_423_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_423_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_423_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 42–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_43-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_43_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_44-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_44_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_44_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_45-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_45_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_456-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_456_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_46-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_46_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_46_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_46_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_46_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_46_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_46_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_52-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_52_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_524-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_524_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taylor_524_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 52, 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_434-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_434_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 43–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_4951-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_4951_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 49–51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_47-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_47_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_489-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_489_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 48–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorway1954204–208-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorway1954204–208_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorway1954">Norway 1954</a>, pp. 204–208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howson, Gerald (1998): <i>Arms for Spain: The untold story of the Spanish Civil War</i>, John Murray.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_467-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_467_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 46–47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_1779-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_1779_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, pp. 177–179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor_51-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_51_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaylor1970">Taylor 1970</a>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Archive''_1992_No._245-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Archive''_1992_No._245_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArchive_1992_No._2"><i>Archive</i> 1992 No. 2</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jckv1p18-9-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jckv1p18-9_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson1973">Jackson 1973</a>, pp. 18–19</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArchive_1992_No._2" class="citation magazine cs1">"Pre-War Airliner Fleets: 2. North Eastern Airways Ltd". <i>Archive</i>. No. 2. <a href="/wiki/Air-Britain" title="Air-Britain">Air-Britain</a>. 1992. pp. 45–46. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4923">0262-4923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archive&rft.atitle=Pre-War+Airliner+Fleets%3A+2.+North+Eastern+Airways+Ltd&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-46&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0262-4923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirspeed+Courier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1973" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, A. J. (1973). <i>British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 1</i> (2nd ed.). London: Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-10006-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-10006-9"><bdi>0-370-10006-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Civil+Aircraft+since+1919+Volume+1&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-370-10006-9&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirspeed+Courier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorway1954" class="citation book cs1">Norway, Neville Shute (1954). <i><a href="/wiki/Slide_Rule:_Autobiography_of_an_Engineer" title="Slide Rule: Autobiography of an Engineer">Slide Rule</a></i>. London: William Heinemann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slide+Rule&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Norway&rft.aufirst=Neville+Shute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirspeed+Courier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1970" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, H. A (1970). <i>Airspeed Aircraft since 1931</i>. London: Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0370001109" title="Special:BookSources/0370001109"><bdi>0370001109</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Airspeed+Aircraft+since+1931&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0370001109&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=H.+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAirspeed+Courier" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_Courier&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Airspeed_AS.5_Courier" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Airspeed AS.5 Courier">Airspeed AS.5 Courier</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724170047/http://www.tomcampbellblack.150m.com/">Tom Campbell Black</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707055345/http://www.tomcampbellblack2.150m.com/">75th. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Airspeed_aircraft" title="Template:Airspeed aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Airspeed_aircraft" title="Template talk:Airspeed aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Airspeed_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Airspeed aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Airspeed_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ltd." title="Airspeed Ltd.">Airspeed</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer <br /> designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Tern" title="Airspeed Tern">AS.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.2">AS.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.3" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.3">AS.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ferry" title="Airspeed Ferry">AS.4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AS.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Envoy" title="Airspeed Envoy">AS.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Envoy" title="Airspeed Envoy">AS.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Viceroy" title="Airspeed Viceroy">AS.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.9" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.9">AS.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">AS.10</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AS.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.12" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.12">AS.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.14_Ambassador" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.14 Ambassador">AS.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.15" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.15">AS.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.16" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.16">AS.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.17" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.17">AS.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.18" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.18">AS.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.19" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.19">AS.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.20" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.20">AS.20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.21" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.21">AS.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.22" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.22">AS.22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.23" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.23">AS.23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.24" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.24">AS.24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.26" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.26">AS.26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.27" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.27">AS.27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.28" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.28">AS.28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.29">AS.29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Queen_Wasp" title="Airspeed Queen Wasp">AS.30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_AS.31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airspeed AS.31 (page does not exist)">AS.31</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airspeed_AS.32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airspeed AS.32 (page does not exist)">AS.32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.33" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.33">AS.33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.34" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.34">AS.34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.35" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.35">AS.35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.36" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.36">AS.36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.37" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.37">AS.37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Queen_Wasp" title="Airspeed Queen Wasp">AS.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Fleet_Shadower" title="Airspeed Fleet Shadower">AS.39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">AS.40, AS.41, AS.42, AS.43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.44" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.44">AS.44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Cambridge" title="Airspeed Cambridge">AS.45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">AS.46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.47" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.47">AS.47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.48" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.48">AS.48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.49" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.49">AS.49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Queen_Wasp" title="Airspeed Queen Wasp">AS.50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Horsa" title="Airspeed Horsa">AS.51, AS.52, AS.53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.54" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.54">AS.54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.55" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.55">AS.55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.56" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.56">AS.56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ambassador" title="Airspeed Ambassador">AS.57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Horsa" title="Airspeed Horsa">AS.58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ambassador" title="Airspeed Ambassador">AS.59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ayrshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed Ayrshire">AS.60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.61" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.61">AS.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.62" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.62">AS.62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_AS.63" class="mw-redirect" title="Airspeed AS.63">AS.63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ambassador" title="Airspeed Ambassador">AS.64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Consul" title="Airspeed Consul">AS.65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ambassador" title="Airspeed Ambassador">AS.66, AS.67, AS.68, AS.69</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airliners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ambassador" title="Airspeed Ambassador">Ambassador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Consul" title="Airspeed Consul">Consul</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Envoy" title="Airspeed Envoy">Envoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ferry" title="Airspeed Ferry">Ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maritime patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Fleet_Shadower" title="Airspeed Fleet Shadower">Fleet Shadower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Viceroy" title="Airspeed Viceroy">Viceroy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sailplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailplane">Sailplanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Tern" title="Airspeed Tern">Tern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UAV" class="mw-redirect" title="UAV">Target drones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Queen_Wasp" title="Airspeed Queen Wasp">Queen Wasp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Cambridge" title="Airspeed Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport gliders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" 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