CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Advanced Placement - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"655d8713-8201-4085-89e2-a32445f5f89d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Advanced_Placement","wgTitle":"Advanced Placement","wgCurRevisionId":1261505555,"wgRevisionId":1261505555,"wgArticleId":291422,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from September 2018","Use American English from January 2013","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles needing additional references from October 2022","All articles needing additional references","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases", "Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2022","Articles to be expanded from July 2021","All articles to be expanded","Articles needing additional references from March 2024","Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from March 2024","All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes","Articles with multiple maintenance issues","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2021","All articles with minor POV problems","Articles with minor POV problems from November 2021","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2021","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from June 2016","Commons category link from Wikidata","Advanced Placement","1955 establishments in the United States","1955 introductions","Canadian educational programs","United States educational programs","School qualifications","Gifted education","High school course levels","Phillips Exeter Academy","Phillips Academy", "Princeton University","Yale University","Harvard University"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Advanced_Placement","wgRelevantArticleId":291422,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q379676","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AP_logo_%282017%29.svg/1200px-AP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="989"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AP_logo_%282017%29.svg/800px-AP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="659"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AP_logo_%282017%29.svg/640px-AP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="528"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Advanced Placement - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Placement"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Placement"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Advanced_Placement rootpage-Advanced_Placement skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Advanced+Placement" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Advanced+Placement" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Advanced+Placement" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Advanced+Placement" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Score_reporting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Score_reporting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Score reporting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Score_reporting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exam_subsidies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exam_subsidies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Exam subsidies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exam_subsidies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Courses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_and_upcoming_exam_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_and_upcoming_exam_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Recent and upcoming exam changes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_and_upcoming_exam_changes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recent and upcoming exam changes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_and_upcoming_exam_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2016–2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016–2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>2016–2017</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016–2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018–2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018–2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>2018–2019</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018–2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019–2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019–2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>2019–2020</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019–2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>2020–2021</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021–2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021–2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>2021–2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021–2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022–2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>2022–2023</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023–2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023–2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>2023–2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023–2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024–2025" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024–2025"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>2024–2025</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024–2025-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_exam_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_exam_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Recent exam information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_exam_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decreasing_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decreasing_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Decreasing quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decreasing_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passing_scores_and_university_credit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passing_scores_and_university_credit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Passing scores and university credit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passing_scores_and_university_credit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_achievement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_achievement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Academic achievement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_achievement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Advanced Placement</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="उन्नत स्थानन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="उन्नत स्थानन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85" title="برنامج التعيين المتقدم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برنامج التعيين المتقدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Advanced Placement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubicaci%C3%B3n_Avanzada" title="Ubicación Avanzada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ubicación Avanzada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%94%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%A8%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="어드밴스트 플레이스먼트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어드밴스트 플레이스먼트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="アドバンスト・プレイスメント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アドバンスト・プレイスメント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Advanced Placement" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Program" title="Advanced Placement Program – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Advanced Placement Program" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Advanced Placement" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E9%9A%8E%E5%85%88%E4%BF%AE%E8%AA%B2%E7%A8%8B" title="進階先修課程 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="進階先修課程" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q379676#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Advanced_Placement" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Advanced_Placement" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Advanced_Placement" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&oldid=1261505555" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Advanced_Placement&id=1261505555&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdvanced_Placement"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdvanced_Placement"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Advanced_Placement&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Advanced_Placement" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q379676" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American program with college-level classes offered to high school students</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Advanced Placement exams</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_logo_(2017).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AP_logo_%282017%29.svg/121px-AP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AP_logo_%282017%29.svg/182px-AP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/AP_logo_%282017%29.svg/242px-AP_logo_%282017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="422" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo since 2017</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Acronym</th><td class="infobox-data">AP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Year started</th><td class="infobox-data">1952<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1952</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">Mostly 2–3 hours<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Score range</th><td class="infobox-data">1–5 (<a href="#Scoring">details</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Score validity</th><td class="infobox-data">Scores archived after 4 years, but remain valid<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Offered</th><td class="infobox-data">Yearly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fee</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 exams (USD):<sup id="cite_ref-fees_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>$98 (US, Canada, <a href="/wiki/DoDEA" class="mw-redirect" title="DoDEA">DoDEA</a> schools)</li><li>$128 (elsewhere)</li><li>$146 (AP Capstone)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ap.collegeboard.org">ap<wbr />.collegeboard<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Advanced Placement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background: #78CDED;"> <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_exams" title="Advanced Placement exams">Exams</a>    •    <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Awards" title="Advanced Placement Awards">Awards</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> Current subjects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_African_American_Studies" title="AP African American Studies">African American Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_and_Design" title="AP Art and Design">Art and Design (2-D, 3-D, and Drawing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_History" title="AP Art History">Art History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Biology" title="AP Biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus" title="AP Calculus">Calculus (AB and BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chemistry" title="AP Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chinese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Chinese Language and Culture">Chinese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Comparative_Government_and_Politics" title="AP Comparative Government and Politics">Comparative Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">Computer Science Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Language_and_Composition" title="AP English Language and Composition">English Language and Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Literature_and_Composition" title="AP English Literature and Composition">English Literature and Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science" title="AP Environmental Science">Environmental Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_European_History" title="AP European History">European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Language_and_Culture" title="AP French Language and Culture">French Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Language_and_Culture" title="AP German Language and Culture">German Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Human_Geography" title="AP Human Geography">Human Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">Italian Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Japanese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Japanese Language and Culture">Japanese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin" title="AP Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Macroeconomics" title="AP Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Microeconomics" title="AP Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Music_Theory" title="AP Music Theory">Music Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_1" title="AP Physics 1">Physics 1: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_2" title="AP Physics 2">Physics 2: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Electricity_and_Magnetism" title="AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism">Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Mechanics" title="AP Physics C: Mechanics">Physics C: Mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">Precalculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Psychology" title="AP Psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone#AP_Research" title="AP Capstone">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone#AP_Seminar" title="AP Capstone">Seminar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Language and Culture">Spanish Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Literature_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Literature and Culture">Spanish Literature and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Statistics" title="AP Statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_Government_and_Politics" title="AP United States Government and Politics">U.S. Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_History" title="AP United States History">U.S. History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_World_History:_Modern" title="AP World History: Modern">World History: Modern</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> In development</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li>Anatomy and Physiology</li> <li>Business Principles</li> <li>World History: Ancient</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #BCE982; border-top: 2px solid #f9f9f9;"> Former subjects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Computer Science AB">Computer Science AB</a> (discontinued 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_International_English_Language" title="AP International English Language">International English Language</a> (discontinued 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Literature" title="AP French Literature">French Literature</a> (discontinued 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German#AP_German_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="AP German">German Literature</a> (discontinued 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin_Literature" title="AP Latin Literature">Latin Literature</a> (discontinued 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin:_Vergil" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Latin: Vergil">Latin: Vergil</a> (discontinued 2012)</li> <li>Music Listening and Literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_B" title="AP Physics B">Physics B</a> (discontinued 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Russian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Russian Language and Culture">Russian Language and Culture</a> (discontinued 2010)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Template:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Template talk:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Advanced_Placement_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Advanced Placement sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile vcard plainlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b>This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Education in the United States">a series</a> on</b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#002868; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Education in the</small><br />United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Summary</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_the_United_States_by_state_or_territory" title="Category:Education in the United States by state or territory">By state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_insular_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Education in insular areas of the United States">in insular areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_the_United_States_by_subject" title="Category:Education in the United States by subject">By subject area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_the_United_States" title="History of education in the United States">History of education in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Chicago" title="History of education in Chicago">History of education in Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Kentucky" title="History of education in Kentucky">History of education in Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Massachusetts" title="History of education in Massachusetts">History of education in Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Missouri" title="History of education in Missouri">History of education in Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_New_York_City" title="History of education in New York City">History of education in New York City</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Curriculum topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Normal schools in the United States">Normal schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship_degree" title="Apprenticeship degree">Apprenticeship degrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_education_in_the_United_States" title="Art education in the United States">Art education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_education_in_the_United_States" title="Civic education in the United States">Civic education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_education_and_programs_within_the_United_States" title="Music education and programs within the United States">Music education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_education_in_the_United_States" title="Legal education in the United States">Legal education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_school_in_the_United_States" title="Law school in the United States">Law school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_education_in_the_United_States" title="Medical education in the United States">Medical education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school_in_the_United_States" title="Medical school in the United States">Medical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_degrees_in_the_United_States" title="Nursing degrees in the United States">Nursing degrees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_education_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental education in the United States">Environmental education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_education_in_the_United_States" title="Language education in the United States">Language education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_education_in_the_United_States" title="Mathematics education in the United States">Mathematics education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education_in_the_United_States" title="Sex education in the United States">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_education_in_the_United_States" title="Vocational education in the United States">Vocational education</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> <a href="/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Education policy of the United States"><span style="color:white;">Education policy issues</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">Accreditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-tertiary-education_accreditation" title="Pre-tertiary-education accreditation">Primary and secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education accreditation in the United States">Post-secondary</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Education finance in the United States">Financing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Issues in higher education in the United States">Post-secondary issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_and_financing_issues_facing_higher_education_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost and financing issues facing higher education in the United States">Cost and financing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_inflation" title="Educational inflation">Credentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_overproduction" title="Elite overproduction">Elite overproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_unemployment#United_States" title="Graduate unemployment">Graduate unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_financial_aid_in_the_United_States" title="Student financial aid in the United States">Student financial aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">Student loans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_reform##Contemporary_issues_(United_States)" title="Education reform">Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Charter schools in the United States">Charter schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Educational inequality in the United States">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achievement_gaps_in_the_United_States" title="Achievement gaps in the United States">Achievement gaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_achievement_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial achievement gap in the United States">Racial achievement gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desegregation_busing" title="Desegregation busing">Desegregation busing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_education_in_the_United_States" title="Sex differences in education in the United States">Gender achievement gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_Start_(program)" title="Head Start (program)">Head Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_choice" title="School choice">School choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_diversity_in_United_States_schools" title="Racial diversity in United States schools">Racial diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="School segregation in the United States">School segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards-based_education_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Standards-based education reform in the United States">Standards-based reform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="School corporal punishment in the United States">School corporal punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_meal_programs_in_the_United_States" title="School meal programs in the United States">School meals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_violence_in_the_United_States" title="School violence in the United States">School violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_education_in_the_United_States" title="Sexual harassment in education in the United States">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Qatari involvement in higher education in the United States">Foreign involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_education_in_the_United_States" title="Special education in the United States">Special education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship_in_the_United_States" title="Apprenticeship in the United States">Apprenticeship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School-to-work_transition" title="School-to-work transition">School-to-work transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="Community colleges in the United States">Community colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="For-profit higher education in the United States">For-profit higher education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="For-profit colleges in the United States">For-profit colleges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_universities_in_the_United_States" title="List of research universities in the United States">Research universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_school_(United_States)" title="Community school (United States)">Community school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full-service_community_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Full-service community schools in the United States">Full-service community schools</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Levels of education</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education_in_the_United_States" title="Early childhood education in the United States">Early childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312_education_in_the_United_States" title="K–12 education in the United States">K–12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_education_in_the_United_States" title="Primary education in the United States">Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_the_United_States" title="Secondary education in the United States">Secondary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the United States">Post-secondary</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Educational_organizations_based_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Educational organizations based in the United States">Organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/16px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/24px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/32px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education portal</a><br /><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_the_U.S." title="Template:Education in the U.S."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_the_U.S." title="Template talk:Education in the U.S."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_the_U.S." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in the U.S."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Advanced Placement</b> (<b>AP</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a program in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> created by the <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a>. AP offers undergraduate university-level <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curricula</a> and examinations to <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> students. Colleges and universities in the US and elsewhere may grant placement and <a href="/wiki/Course_credit" title="Course credit">course credit</a> to students who obtain qualifying scores on the examinations. </p><p>The AP curriculum for each of the various subjects is created for the College Board by a panel of experts and college-level educators in that <a href="/wiki/Academic_discipline" title="Academic discipline">academic discipline</a>. For a high school course to have the designation as offering an AP course, the course must be audited by the College Board to ascertain that it satisfies the AP curriculum as specified in the Board's Course and Examination Description (CED). If the course is approved, the school may use the AP designation and the course will be publicly listed on the AP Course Ledger.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> created a fund that supported committees studying education.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program, which was then referred to as the "Kenyon Plan",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was founded and pioneered at <a href="/wiki/Kenyon_College" title="Kenyon College">Kenyon College</a> in Gambier, Ohio, by the then-college president <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Chalmers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Chalmers">Gordon Chalmers</a>. The first study was conducted by four prep schools—the <a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville_School" title="Lawrenceville School">Lawrenceville School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_School_(Concord,_New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's School (Concord, New Hampshire)">St. Paul's School</a> —and three universities—<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>. In 1952 they issued the report <i>General Education in School and College: A Committee Report</i> which recommended allowing high school seniors to study college-level material and to take achievement exams that allowed them to attain college credit for this work.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second committee, the Committee on Admission with Advanced Standing, developed and implemented the plan to choose a curriculum. A pilot program was run in 1952 which covered eleven disciplines. In the 1955–56 school year, it was nationally implemented in ten subjects: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English, History, French, German, Spanish, and Latin. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a>, a non-profit organization<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based in New York City, has run the AP program since 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1965 to 1989, <a href="/wiki/Harlan_Hanson" title="Harlan Hanson">Harlan Hanson</a> was the director of the Advanced Placement Program.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It develops and maintains guidelines for the teaching of higher-level courses in various subject areas. In addition, it supports teachers of AP courses and supports universities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These activities are funded through fees required to take the AP exams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, over one million students took over two million Advanced Placement examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many high schools in the United States offer AP courses,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the College Board allows any student to take any examination regardless of participation in its respective course.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">home-schooled</a> students and students from schools that do not offer AP courses have an equal opportunity to take AP exams. </p><p>As of the 2024 testing season, exams cost $98 each,<sup id="cite_ref-fees_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the cost may be subsidized by local or state programs. Financial aid is available for students who qualify for it; the exam reduction is $36 per exam from College Board plus an additional $9 rebate per fee-reduced exam from the school. There may be further reductions depending on the state. </p><p>On April 3, 2008, the College Board announced that four AP courses—French Literature, Latin Literature, Computer Science AB, and Italian Language and Culture—would be discontinued after the 2008–2009 school year due to lack of funding.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Italian Language and Culture test was again offered beginning in 2011. </p><p>Starting July 2013 AP allowed students for the first time to both view and send their scores online.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of AP exams administered each year has seen a steady increase over the past decade. In 2003, 175,860 English Language and Composition exams were administered. By 2013, this number had risen to 476,277, or an increase of 171%. Such an increase has occurred in nearly all AP exams offered, with the AP Psychology exam seeing a 281% increase over the past decade. In 2022, the most taken AP exam was <a href="/wiki/AP_English_Language_and_Composition" title="AP English Language and Composition">English Language and Composition</a> with 520,771 students and the least taken AP exam was <a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">Italian Language and Culture</a> with 2,194 students.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2022–2023 school year, <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a> launched a pilot <a href="/wiki/AP_African_American_Studies" title="AP African American Studies">AP African American Studies</a> course. The course is currently acknowledged credit at about 75 colleges and universities.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AP exams begin on the second Monday in May and last ten school days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scoring">Scoring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AP tests are scored on a 1 to 5 scale as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>5</b> – Extremely well qualified</li> <li><b>4</b> – Well qualified</li> <li><b>3</b> – Qualified</li> <li><b>2</b> – Possibly qualified</li> <li><b>1</b> – No recommendation</li></ul> <p>The multiple-choice component of the exam is scored by computer, while the free-response and essay portions are scored by trained Readers at the AP Reading each June. The scores on various components are weighted and combined into a raw Composite Score. The Chief Reader for each exam then decides on the grade cutoffs for that year's exam, which determine how the Composite Scores are converted into the final grades. During the process, a number of reviews and statistical analyses are performed to ensure that the grading is reliable. The overall goal is for the grades to reflect an absolute scale of performance which can be compared from year to year.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some colleges use AP test scores to exempt students from introductory coursework, others use them to place students in higher designated courses, and some do both. Each college's policy is different, but most require a minimum score of 3 or 4 to receive college credit.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, this appears as a "CR" grade on the college transcript, although some colleges and universities will award an A grade for a 5 score.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some countries, such as Germany, that do not offer general admission to their universities and colleges for holders of an American high school diploma without preparatory courses will directly admit students who have completed a specific set of AP tests, depending on the subject they wish to study there. </p><p>In addition, completing AP courses helps students qualify for various types of scholarships. According to the College Board, 31 percent of colleges and universities look at AP experience when making scholarship decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning with the May 2011 AP Exam administration, the College Board changed the scoring method of AP Exams.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Total scores on the multiple-choice section are now based on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are no longer deducted for incorrect answers and, as was the case before, no points are awarded for unanswered questions. However, scoring requirements have also been increased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Score_reporting">Score reporting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Score reporting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting with the May 2013 AP Examination Administration, the College Board launched an Internet-based score reporting service.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students can use their 2013 AP Number or Student Number (if one was indicated) along with a College Board Account<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to access current and previous years' exam scores. This system can also be used to send scores to colleges and universities for which a four-digit institutional code<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is assigned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exam_subsidies">Exam subsidies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exam subsidies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Advanced_Placement" title="Special:EditPage/Advanced Placement">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Recognizing that the cost could be an impediment to students of limited means, a number of states and municipalities independent of the <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a> have partially or fully subsidized the cost. The state of Florida reimburses school districts for the exam costs of students enrolled in Advanced Placement courses.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District" title="Los Angeles Unified School District">Los Angeles Unified School District</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Montebello_Unified_School_District" title="Montebello Unified School District">Montebello Unified School District</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Department_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Department of Education">Hawaii Department of Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>, and the state of Indiana subsidize Examination fees in subjects of math, science, and English,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Edmonds_School_District" title="Edmonds School District">Edmonds School District</a> in suburban Seattle currently subsidizes Advanced Placement fees of students who enroll in the free school lunch program. Some school districts, such as <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County_Public_Schools" title="Fairfax County Public Schools">Fairfax County Public Schools</a>, will fully cover the cost of a limited number of exams, after which point the student must pay. In addition, some school districts<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2022)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> offer free tests to all students enrolled in any Advanced Placement class. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Courses">Courses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Courses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are currently 40 courses and exams available through the AP Program.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"><i><b>Arts</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_2-D_Art_and_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="AP 2-D Art and Design">AP 2-D Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_and_Design" title="AP Art and Design">AP 3-D Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Drawing" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Drawing">AP Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_History" title="AP Art History">AP Art History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Music_Theory" title="AP Music Theory">AP Music Theory</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>English</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Language_and_Composition" title="AP English Language and Composition">AP English Language and Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Literature_and_Composition" title="AP English Literature and Composition">AP English Literature and Composition</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>History and Social Sciences</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_African_American_Studies" title="AP African American Studies">AP African American Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Comparative_Government_and_Politics" title="AP Comparative Government and Politics">AP Comparative Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_European_History" title="AP European History">AP European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Human_Geography" title="AP Human Geography">AP Human Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Macroeconomics" title="AP Macroeconomics">AP Macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Microeconomics" title="AP Microeconomics">AP Microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Psychology" title="AP Psychology">AP Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_Government_and_Politics" title="AP United States Government and Politics">AP United States Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_History" title="AP United States History">AP United States History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_World_History:_Modern" title="AP World History: Modern">AP World History: Modern</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Math and Computer Science</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">AP Computer Science Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A" title="AP Computer Science A">AP Computer Science A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Calculus AB">AP Calculus AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Calculus BC">AP Calculus BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">AP Precalculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Statistics" title="AP Statistics">AP Statistics</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Sciences</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Biology" title="AP Biology">AP Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chemistry" title="AP Chemistry">AP Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science" title="AP Environmental Science">AP Environmental Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_1" title="AP Physics 1">AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_2" title="AP Physics 2">AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Electricity_and_Magnetism" title="AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism">AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Mechanics" title="AP Physics C: Mechanics">AP Physics C: Mechanics</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>World Languages and Cultures</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chinese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Chinese Language and Culture">AP Chinese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Language_and_Culture" title="AP French Language and Culture">AP French Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Language_and_Culture" title="AP German Language and Culture">AP German Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">AP Italian Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Japanese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Japanese Language and Culture">AP Japanese Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin" title="AP Latin">AP Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Language and Culture">AP Spanish Language and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Literature_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Literature and Culture">AP Spanish Literature and Culture</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Capstone</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone#AP_Research" title="AP Capstone"> AP Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Seminar" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Seminar">AP Seminar</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_and_upcoming_exam_changes">Recent and upcoming exam changes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recent and upcoming exam changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016–2017"><span id="2016.E2.80.932017"></span>2016–2017</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2016–2017"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AP World History <ul><li>This exam will also undergo the same basic changes to the 2014–2015 United States History and 2015–2016 European History exams.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Shortened multiple-choice section with 55 questions, accounting for 40% of the total exam score. These are reduced from 70 questions and 50% in previous years, respectively.</li> <li>Four short-answer questions, however students are only required to answer one of the final two short-answer questions, in place of one of the long essays, accounting for 20% of the total exam score. These questions are given a 40-minute writing period.</li> <li>Document-based question (DBQ) and the remaining long essay now account for 25% and 15% of the exam score respectively. New writing periods of 60 minutes and 40 minutes respectively are given instead of the combined 120-minute writing period for all three essays in previous exams.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>AP Calculus AB <ul><li>Time format changed</li> <li>Addition of <a href="/wiki/L%27H%C3%B4pital%27s_rule" title="L'Hôpital's rule">L'Hôpital's rule</a></li></ul></li> <li>AP Calculus BC <ul><li>Addition of limit comparison tests, absolute and conditional convergence, and the alternating series.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018–2019"><span id="2018.E2.80.932019"></span>2018–2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2018–2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AP United States Government and Politics<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Section I (MCQ) will be extended from 60 questions in 45 minutes to 55 questions in 80 minutes. It will still count towards 50% of the total exam score. <ul><li>The questions will feature greater use of scenarios and stimulus material.</li> <li>The number of answer choices for each question will be reduced from five to four.</li></ul></li> <li>Section II (FRQ) will include four questions in 100 minutes (the same amount of questions and time as the previous exams). The section as a whole will be worth 50% of the total exam score. All four questions are weighted equally (each is worth 12.5% of the total exam score). <ul><li>One will be a concept application question involving a political scenario.</li> <li>One will be a quantitative analysis and interpretation question with a visual stimulus.</li> <li>One will be a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">SCOTUS</a> Comparison, a comparison between one case that is required knowledge outlined in the course and exam description, and the other not being of prior knowledge to the students.</li> <li>One will be an argumentation essay requiring supporting evidence and reasoning.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019–2020"><span id="2019.E2.80.932020"></span>2019–2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2019–2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the College Board announced that AP exams may be taken from home. The exams are modified to only cover approximately the first 75% of the course. For most exams, the exam is 45 minutes long and consists of one or two free-response questions that can be submitted typed or handwritten. The exams are open note, open book, and open Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AP Computer Science A<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Topics such as abstract classes and interfaces have been removed.</li></ul></li> <li>AP World History<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The course will now be split up into two different exams: <ul><li>AP World History: Modern - It will cover world history from the year 1200 CE to the present.</li> <li>AP World History: Ancient - This course will be released at a later, unspecified date.</li></ul></li> <li>The Exam format will remain the same.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020–2021"><span id="2020.E2.80.932021"></span>2020–2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2020–2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AP Comparative Government and Politics<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Section I (Multiple Choice): The number of questions will remain the same at 55 questions, but time for the section will increase from 45 minutes to 60 minutes. It will continue to be worth 50% of the total exam score. <ul><li>Each question will now have 4 possible options instead of 5.</li> <li>There will be 2 text-based sources followed by a few questions.</li> <li>There will be 3 quantitative sources followed by a few questions.</li></ul></li> <li>Section II (Free Response): The number of questions will decrease from 8 questions to 4 questions. The time will also decrease from 100 minutes to 90 minutes. It will continue to be worth 50% of the total exam score. <ul><li>Question 1: Conceptual Analysis</li> <li>Question 2: Quantitative Analysis</li> <li>Question 3: Comparative Analysis</li> <li>Question 4: Argument Essay</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>AP Biology<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Section I (Multiple Choice): The number of questions will be reduced from 69 to 60 questions. Grid-in questions will no longer be on the exam.</li> <li>Section II (Free Response): The number of questions will be reduced from 8 to 6, but the time allocation for the section stays the same. <ul><li>The two long questions will both focus on "interpreting and evaluating experimental results".</li> <li>The section will have four short-answer questions.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>AP English Language and Composition<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Section I (Multiple Choice): The number of questions will be reduced from 52–55 to 45.</li> <li>Section II (Free Response): The questions will now be scored with analytic rubrics.</li></ul></li> <li>AP Human Geography<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Section I (Multiple Choice): The number of questions will be reduced from 75 to 60, with increased emphasis on analyzing quantitative and qualitative sources. The time allocation for the section remains the same.</li> <li>Section II (Free Response): Each question will now be worth 7 points.</li></ul></li> <li>AP Computer Science Principles<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The Explore Performance Task will be replaced with some multiple-choice questions, and the College Board will be releasing a new Create Task.</li></ul></li> <li>AP Italian Language and Culture<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Section I (Multiple Choice): The 65 questions will now be split into two parts with nine sets total: <ul><li>Part A will have 30 questions and be 40 minutes long.</li> <li>Part B will have 35 questions and be 55 minutes long.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021–2022"><span id="2021.E2.80.932022"></span>2021–2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2021–2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based <ul><li>Units 8-10 have been removed from the AP Physics 1 curriculum as they are covered in AP Physics 2.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The topics of electric charges and forces, DC circuits, and mechanical waves and sound have been removed. However, kinematics, dynamics, circular motion and gravitation, energy, momentum, simple harmonic motion, and torque and rotational motion are still covered with increased emphasis on each topic.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022–2023"><span id="2022.E2.80.932023"></span>2022–2023</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2022–2023"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AP Chemistry <ul><li>Section I (Multiple Choice): Questions will now permit the use of a calculator. The number and type of questions, as well as the section's time allocation remains the same.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023–2024"><span id="2023.E2.80.932024"></span>2023–2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2023–2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AP Precalculus <ul><li>New course added with first testing term being May 2024. The exam has two sections: 40 multiple-choice questions on the first and four free-response questions on the second.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>AP World History: Modern <ul><li>Scoring criteria for the DBQ and LEQ have changed, requiring the use of 4 or more sources for both analysis points.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>AP Computer Science Principles <ul><li>On the Create Task, the Written Responses will be replaced with a Personalized Project Reference. Then, on the end-of-course exam, after the MCQ section, there will be a new Written Response section, with 2 questions (4 prompts total) in 1 hour, worth 20% of one's score.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>AP United States Government and Politics <ul><li>College score verification year for the class, resulting in the exam being made easier and pass rate increasing by 23.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024–2025"><span id="2024.E2.80.932025"></span>2024–2025</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2024–2025"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based and AP Physics 2: Algebra-Based<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Fluids, which used to be Unit 1 in AP Physics 2, will become Unit 8 in AP Physics 1.</li> <li>The format of both exams will change in the same way: <ul><li>The number of MCQs will go down from 50 to 40, and the time for the section will go down from 90 minutes to 80 minutes. Multiselect questions will be removed.</li> <li>The number of FRQs will go down from 5 to 4, but the time for the section will go up from 90 minutes to 100 minutes</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>AP Physics C: Mechanics and AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism<sup id="cite_ref-:0_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The format of both exams will change in the same way: <ul><li>The number of MCQs will increase from 35 to 40, and the time for that section will increase from 45 minutes to 80 minutes. <ul><li>Each MCQ will now only have 4 options, rather than 5.</li></ul></li> <li>The number of FRQs will increase from 3 to 4, and the time for that section will increase from 45 minutes to 100 minutes.</li> <li>The exams will no longer be in the same testing session.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Several AP Exams will go fully digital, including AP African American Studies, AP Art History, AP Comparative Government and Politics, AP Computer Science A, AP Computer Science Principles, AP English Language and Composition, AP English Literature and Composition, AP Environmental Science, AP European History, AP Human Geography, AP Latin, AP Psychology, AP Seminar, AP United States Government and Politics, AP United States History, and AP World History: Modern.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Several other AP Exams will go hybrid digital, with students completing the MCQ section and viewing the FRQ section digitally, but answering the FRQ section in paper booklets. This includes: AP Biology, AP Calculus AB and BC, AP Chemistry, AP Macroeconomics, AP Microeconomics, AP Physics 1 and 2: Algebra-based, AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism, AP Physics C: Mechanics, AP Precalculus, and AP Statistics. None of the remaining AP Exams will experience a change in administration.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_exam_information">Recent exam information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Recent exam information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AP_Exams_Taken_by_Subject_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/AP_Exams_Taken_by_Subject_2019.png/220px-AP_Exams_Taken_by_Subject_2019.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/AP_Exams_Taken_by_Subject_2019.png/330px-AP_Exams_Taken_by_Subject_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/AP_Exams_Taken_by_Subject_2019.png/440px-AP_Exams_Taken_by_Subject_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>AP Exam Taken by Subject 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Below are statistics from the 2023 exam cycle showing the number of participants, the percentage who obtained a score of 3 or higher, and the <a href="/wiki/Mean" title="Mean">mean</a> score. Students generally need a score of 3 or higher to receive credit or benefit. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>2023 scoring results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Exam name </th> <th>Number of students </th> <th>Scored ≥3 (%) </th> <th>Mean score </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art#AP_Studio_Art_2D" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">2-D Art and Design</a> </td> <td>43,854 </td> <td>83.6 </td> <td>3.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art#AP_Studio_Art_3D" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">3-D Art and Design</a> </td> <td>7,505 </td> <td>72.1 </td> <td>3.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_History" title="AP Art History">Art History</a> </td> <td>24,624 </td> <td>64.6 </td> <td>3.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Biology" title="AP Biology">Biology</a> </td> <td>239,470 </td> <td>64.4 </td> <td>3.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus#AP_Calculus_AB" title="AP Calculus">Calculus AB</a> </td> <td>273,987 </td> <td>58.0 </td> <td>2.99 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus#AP_Calculus_BC" title="AP Calculus">Calculus BC</a> </td> <td>135,458 </td> <td>78.5 </td> <td>3.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Chemistry" title="AP Chemistry">Chemistry</a> </td> <td>139,448 </td> <td>75.1 </td> <td>3.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Chinese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Chinese Language and Culture">Chinese Language and Culture</a> </td> <td>16,495 </td> <td>88.4 </td> <td>4.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Comparative_Government_and_Politics" title="AP Comparative Government and Politics">Comparative Government and Politics</a> </td> <td>23,611 </td> <td>70.8 </td> <td>3.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science A</a> </td> <td>94,438 </td> <td>68.0 </td> <td>3.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">Computer Science Principles</a> </td> <td>164,505 </td> <td>78.5 </td> <td>3.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art#AP_Studio_Art_Drawing" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">Drawing</a> </td> <td>22,555 </td> <td>84.8 </td> <td>3.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Language_and_Composition" title="AP English Language and Composition">English Language and Composition</a> </td> <td>562,328 </td> <td>56.1 </td> <td>2.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Literature_and_Composition" title="AP English Literature and Composition">English Literature and Composition</a> </td> <td>356,043 </td> <td>77.2 </td> <td>3.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science" title="AP Environmental Science">Environmental Science</a> </td> <td>209,757 </td> <td>53.7 </td> <td>2.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_European_History" title="AP European History">European History</a> </td> <td>81,788 </td> <td>59.4 </td> <td>2.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Language_and_Culture" title="AP French Language and Culture">French Language and Culture</a> </td> <td>18,655 </td> <td>74.7 </td> <td>3.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Language_and_Culture" title="AP German Language and Culture">German Language and Culture</a> </td> <td>4,375 </td> <td>68 </td> <td>3.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Human_Geography" title="AP Human Geography">Human Geography</a> </td> <td>247,043 </td> <td>54.4 </td> <td>2.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">Italian Language and Culture</a> </td> <td>2,034 </td> <td>72.9 </td> <td>3.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Japanese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Japanese Language and Culture">Japanese Language and Culture</a> </td> <td>3,089 </td> <td>76.9 </td> <td>3.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin" title="AP Latin">Latin</a> </td> <td>4,533 </td> <td>56.7 </td> <td>2.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Macroeconomics" title="AP Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a> </td> <td>148,836 </td> <td>64.7 </td> <td>3.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Microeconomics" title="AP Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a> </td> <td>94,772 </td> <td>68.0 </td> <td>3.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Music_Theory" title="AP Music Theory">Music Theory</a> </td> <td>17,834 </td> <td>60.7 </td> <td>3.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_1" title="AP Physics 1">Physics 1: Algebra-Based</a> </td> <td>159,582 </td> <td>45.6 </td> <td>2.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_2" title="AP Physics 2">Physics 2: Algebra-Based</a> </td> <td>20,453 </td> <td>69.8 </td> <td>3.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Electricity_and_Magnetism" title="AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism">Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism</a> </td> <td>24,179 </td> <td>70.2 </td> <td>3.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Mechanics" title="AP Physics C: Mechanics">Physics C: Mechanics</a> </td> <td>55,602 </td> <td>73.5 </td> <td>3.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Psychology" title="AP Psychology">Psychology</a> </td> <td>321,329 </td> <td>59.6 </td> <td>2.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone#AP_Research" title="AP Capstone">Research</a> </td> <td>28,402 </td> <td>84.4 </td> <td>3.34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone#AP_Seminar" title="AP Capstone">Seminar</a> </td> <td>73,334 </td> <td>85.0 </td> <td>3.24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Language and Culture">Spanish Language and Culture</a> </td> <td>164,434 </td> <td>83.8 </td> <td>3.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Literature_and_Culture" title="AP Spanish Literature and Culture">Spanish Literature and Culture</a> </td> <td>22,860 </td> <td>67.4 </td> <td>2.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_Statistics" title="AP Statistics">Statistics</a> </td> <td>242,929 </td> <td>60.0 </td> <td>2.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_History" title="AP United States History">United States History</a> </td> <td>467,975 </td> <td>47.5 </td> <td>2.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_Government_and_Politics" title="AP United States Government and Politics">United States Government and Politics</a> </td> <td>329,132 </td> <td>49.2 </td> <td>2.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AP_World_History" class="mw-redirect" title="AP World History">World History</a> </td> <td>350,353 </td> <td>64.7 </td> <td>3.04 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;"><b>Total</b> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"><b>5,197,601</b> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"><b>*</b> </th> <th style="text-align: left;"><b>*</b> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The College Board estimates that about 2/3 of students enrolled in an AP course take the course's AP test.<sup id="cite_ref-College_Board,_2001_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-College_Board,_2001-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, a study of University of California system students found that only about 55% to 60% of AP students took their course's exam.<sup id="cite_ref-Geiser_&_Santelices,_2004_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geiser_&_Santelices,_2004-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One 2014 study of math and science AP courses showed that participation rates were 52.7% for AP Chemistry, 53.6% for AP Physics, 57.7% for AP Biology, and 77.4% for AP Calculus.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2017 study found similar participation rates (49.5% for AP Chemistry, 52.3% for AP Physics, 54.5% for Biology, and 68.9% for Calculus). History exams were found to have slightly higher participation rates (57.9% for AP European History, 58.5% for AP World History, and 62.8% for AP U.S. History), and 65.4% of AP English students took either the AP English Language or AP English Literature exam. This study found that for "core AP subjects (i.e., no arts or language subjects)", the overall test participation rate was 60.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-dx.doi.org_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dx.doi.org-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2014 College Board released data from the previous ten years of AP exams. College Board found that 33.2% of public high school graduates from the class of 2013 had taken an AP exam, compared to 18.9% in 2003. In 2013 20.1% of graduates who had taken an AP test achieved a 3 or higher compared to 12.2% in 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decreasing_quality">Decreasing quality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Decreasing quality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Advanced_Placement" title="Special:EditPage/Advanced Placement">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Advanced_Placement" title="Talk:Advanced Placement">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Advanced_Placement" title="Special:EditPage/Advanced Placement">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Advanced_Placement##" title="Talk:Advanced Placement">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Advanced+Placement%22">"Advanced Placement"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Advanced+Placement%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Advanced+Placement%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Advanced+Placement%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Advanced+Placement%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Advanced+Placement%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this section is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Advanced_Placement##" title="Talk:Advanced Placement">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Researchers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> have begun to question<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view"><span title="This statement is possibly biased. (November 2021)">neutrality</span></a> is <a href="/wiki/Talk:Advanced_Placement" title="Talk:Advanced Placement">disputed</a></i>]</sup> whether AP can maintain high academic standards while experiencing explosive growth.<sup id="cite_ref-Lichten,_2000_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichten,_2000-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2021)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> has shown that the most popular AP tests tend to have the lowest passing rates, a possible indication that less academically prepared students are enrolling in AP classes.<sup id="cite_ref-Warne,_2017_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warne,_2017-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether the AP program can serve large numbers of students without decreasing academic rigor is a matter of debate within the education field.<sup id="cite_ref-Lichten,_2000_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichten,_2000-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lichten,_2010_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lichten,_2010-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passing_scores_and_university_credit">Passing scores and university credit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Passing scores and university credit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>University faculty, such as former professor and high school teacher John Tierney, have expressed doubts about the value of a passing AP score.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students who receive scores of 3 or 4 are being given college credit at fewer universities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Academic departments also criticise the increasing proportion of students who take and pass AP courses but are not ready for college-level work.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_achievement">Academic achievement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Academic achievement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Researchers have since 2010 studied the impact of the Advanced Placement program on students' academic achievement. An early study published in <i>AP: A critical examination of the Advanced Placement program</i> found that students who took AP courses in the sciences but failed the AP exam performed no better in college science courses than students without any AP course at all. Referring to students who complete the course but fail the exam, the head researcher, Phillip M. Sadler, stated in an interview that "research shows that they don't appear to have learned anything during the year, so there is probably a better course for them."<sup id="cite_ref-hood_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hood-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two other studies compared non-AP students with AP students who had not taken their course's AP exam, had taken the AP exam but did not pass it, or had passed the AP exam. Like Sadler's study, both found that AP students who passed their exam scored highest in other measures of academic achievement.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest study of this sort, with a sample size of over 90,000, replicated these results and also showed that non-AP students performed with equal levels of academic achievement as AP students who did not take their course's AP exam—even after controlling for over 70 intervening variables.<sup id="cite_ref-Warne_et_al._(2015)_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warne_et_al._(2015)-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led the authors to state that AP participation "is not beneficial to students who merely enroll in the courses..."<sup id="cite_ref-Warne_et_al._(2015)_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warne_et_al._(2015)-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 414">: 414 </span></sup> </p><p>Some researchers have questioned the validity of Advanced Placement scores or Advanced Placement as an effective form of <a href="/wiki/Positive_reinforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive reinforcement">positive reinforcement</a>. It is argued that the pursuit of extrinsic reward is not an accurate reflection of intrinsic interest in course material. Many other criteria should also be employed to judge a student including standardized test scores, research experience, breadth and the level of courses taken, and academic-related extracurriculars performance. Writing honors thesis or semi-independent research in a subject may be more signal of interest or academic potential than achieving the label of "Advance Placement" student. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/28px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/42px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/56px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Awards" title="Advanced Placement Awards">Advanced Placement Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level">GCE Advanced Level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_AP_exams_controversy" title="2020 AP exams controversy">2020 AP exams controversy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/ap-exams-overview/exam-timing-structure">"Exam Timing and Structure"</a>. <i>AP Students</i>. <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Students&rft.atitle=Exam+Timing+and+Structure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapstudents.collegeboard.org%2Fap-exams-overview%2Fexam-timing-structure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/faqs/i-took-ap-exams-over-four-years-ago-how-do-i-send-my-old-scores">"I took AP Exams over four years ago. How do I send my old scores?"</a>. <i>AP Students</i>. <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Students&rft.atitle=I+took+AP+Exams+over+four+years+ago.+How+do+I+send+my+old+scores%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapstudents.collegeboard.org%2Ffaqs%2Fi-took-ap-exams-over-four-years-ago-how-do-i-send-my-old-scores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fees-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fees_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fees_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/exam-administration-ordering-scores/ordering-fees/exam-fees">"AP Exam Fees – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=AP+Exam+Fees+%E2%80%93+AP+Central+%7C+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fexam-administration-ordering-scores%2Fordering-fees%2Fexam-fees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/">"AP Central"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129083430/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AP+Central&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcourseaudit.inflexion.org/ledger/">"AP Course Ledger"</a>. <i>AP Course Audit</i>. University of Oregon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731123713/https://apcourseaudit.inflexion.org/ledger/">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Course+Audit&rft.atitle=AP+Course+Ledger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcourseaudit.inflexion.org%2Fledger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205075824/http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloads/about/news_info/ap/ap_history_english.pdf">"A Brief History of the Advanced Placement Program"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloads/about/news_info/ap/ap_history_english.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 5, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Advanced+Placement+Program&rft.pub=College+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collegeboard.com%2Fprod_downloads%2Fabout%2Fnews_info%2Fap%2Fap_history_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719231345/https://lbis.kenyon.edu/sca/markers/college">"Historical Markers: Kenyon College"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kenyon_College" title="Kenyon College">Kenyon College</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lbis.kenyon.edu/sca/markers/college">the original</a> on July 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Markers%3A+Kenyon+College&rft.pub=Kenyon+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flbis.kenyon.edu%2Fsca%2Fmarkers%2Fcollege&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_N._Katz2006" class="citation journal cs1">Stanley N. Katz (March 10, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/article/The-Liberal-Arts-in-School-and/10344">"The Liberal Arts in School and College"</a>. <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611225436/http://chronicle.com/article/The-Liberal-Arts-in-School-and/10344">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=The+Liberal+Arts+in+School+and+College&rft.date=2006-03-10&rft.au=Stanley+N.+Katz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Farticle%2FThe-Liberal-Arts-in-School-and%2F10344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collegeboard.com/about/index.html">About the College Board</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203085840/http://www.collegeboard.com/about/index.html">Archived</a> December 3, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/program/history/8019.html">The History of the AP Program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070503202659/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/program/history/8019.html">Archived</a> May 3, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiYanni2008" class="citation web cs1">DiYanni, Robert (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/21502.html">"The History of AP Program"</a>. CollegeBoard.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705050030/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/21502.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+AP+Program&rft.pub=CollegeBoard.com&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=DiYanni&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.com%2Fapc%2Fpublic%2Fcourses%2F21502.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/program/index.html">The Advanced Placement Program</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512151808/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/program/index.html">Archived</a> May 12, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap06_prog_summary_rpt.pdf">Program Summary Report 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025135600/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap06_prog_summary_rpt.pdf">Archived</a> October 25, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap05_apfactsheet_37491.pdf">AP Fact Sheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708175722/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap05_apfactsheet_37491.pdf">Archived</a> July 8, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/about_faq.html#faq1">AP: Frequently Asked Questions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070621225903/http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/about_faq.html#faq1">Archived</a> June 21, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Vise2008" class="citation news cs1">de Vise, Daniel (April 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/04/03/ST2008040303977.html">"AP Language, Computer Courses Cut"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112061039/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/04/03/ST2008040303977.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=AP+Language%2C+Computer+Courses+Cut&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft.aulast=de+Vise&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F2008%2F04%2F03%2FST2008040303977.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/195950.html">Important Announcement about AP Italian Language and Culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080704221615/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/195950.html">Archived</a> July 4, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apscores">"AP Online Scores"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622013458/https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apscores">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AP+Online+Scores&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapstudent.collegeboard.org%2Fapscores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/research/2017/Student-Score-Distributions-2017.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103452/https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/research/2017/Student-Score-Distributions-2017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 31, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure-media.collegeboard.org%2FdigitalServices%2Fpdf%2Fresearch%2F2017%2FStudent-Score-Distributions-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6207652/ap-african-american-history-class/">"African-American History Finally Gets Its Own AP Class"</a>. <i>Time</i>. August 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=African-American+History+Finally+Gets+Its+Own+AP+Class&rft.date=2022-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6207652%2Fap-african-american-history-class%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apscore.collegeboard.org/scores/about-ap-scores">"About AP Scores – The College Board"</a>. <i>apscore.collegeboard.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427230339/https://apscore.collegeboard.org/scores/about-ap-scores">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apscore.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=About+AP+Scores+%E2%80%93+The+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapscore.collegeboard.org%2Fscores%2Fabout-ap-scores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080113162234/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/1994.html">"AP Central – Exam Scoring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a>. March 14, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/1994.html">the original</a> on January 13, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AP+Central+%E2%80%93+Exam+Scoring&rft.pub=College+Board&rft.date=2017-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.com%2Fapc%2Fpublic%2Fcourses%2F1994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pathaspire.com/standardized/ap/ap/1/">Understanding AP Exams</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908231132/http://pathaspire.com/standardized/ap/ap/1/">Archived</a> September 8, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from PathAspire.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/212187.html">Multiple-Choice Scores</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902033611/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/212187.html">Archived</a> September 2, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from collegeboard.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://professionals.collegeboard.com/k-12/assessment/ap/">"AP Program"</a>. College Board. September 7, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120706134300/http://professionals.collegeboard.com/k-12/assessment/ap">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AP+Program&rft.pub=College+Board&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofessionals.collegeboard.com%2Fk-12%2Fassessment%2Fap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span>, citing "Unpublished institutional research, Crux Research, Inc. March 2007."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parentdish.com/2010/08/12/guess-what-taking-ap-exams-just-got-easier/">"Guess What? Taking AP Exams Just Got Easier"</a>. ParentDish. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110314044133/http://www.parentdish.com/2010/08/12/guess-what-taking-ap-exams-just-got-easier">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guess+What%3F+Taking+AP+Exams+Just+Got+Easier&rft.pub=ParentDish&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parentdish.com%2F2010%2F08%2F12%2Fguess-what-taking-ap-exams-just-got-easier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnegan2010" class="citation news cs1">Finnegan, Leah (August 11, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/11/ap-eliminates-guessing-pe_n_678757.html">"AP Eliminates Guessing Penalty On Tests"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170719094842/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/11/ap-eliminates-guessing-pe_n_678757.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=AP+Eliminates+Guessing+Penalty+On+Tests&rft.date=2010-08-11&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=Leah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2010%2F08%2F11%2Fap-eliminates-guessing-pe_n_678757.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apscore.org/schedule.html">"Score Reporting Services"</a>. <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a>. 2013. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130706141409/http://www.apscore.org/schedule.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Score+Reporting+Services&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=College+Board&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apscore.org%2Fschedule.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://account.collegeboard.org/iamweb/smartRegister">"Create a CollegeBoard Account"</a>. <a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a>. 2013. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701172524/https://account.collegeboard.org/iamweb/smartRegister">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Create+a+CollegeBoard+Account&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=College+Board&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faccount.collegeboard.org%2Fiamweb%2FsmartRegister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_aidi_fellowships.pdf">"List of 4-digit Institutional Codes, PDF"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Educational_Testing_Service" title="Educational Testing Service">Educational Testing Service</a>. 2013. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625182636/http://www.ets.org/s/gre/pdf/gre_aidi_fellowships.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+4-digit+Institutional+Codes%2C+PDF&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Educational+Testing+Service&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ets.org%2Fs%2Fgre%2Fpdf%2Fgre_aidi_fellowships.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2022/1011.62">Florida Early Learning-20 Education Code</a> (Title XLVIII, Section 1011.62(1)(n)). <a href="/wiki/Florida_Senate" title="Florida Senate">The Florida Senate</a>. 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Florida+Early+Learning-20+Education+Code&rft.pub=The+Florida+Senate&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flsenate.gov%2FLaws%2FStatutes%2F2022%2F1011.62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doe.in.gov/sites/default/files/assessment/ap-memo-2018-2019.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226050201/https://www.doe.in.gov/sites/default/files/assessment/ap-memo-2018-2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doe.in.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fassessment%2Fap-memo-2018-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/index.html">"AP Central - Course Home Pages"</a>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505000235/http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/courses/teachers_corner/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.com&rft.atitle=AP+Central+-+Course+Home+Pages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.com%2Fapc%2Fpublic%2Fcourses%2Fteachers_corner%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://advancesinap.collegeboard.org/english-history-and-social-science/world-history">"AP World History Revisions - Advances in AP - The College Board | Advances in AP"</a>. <i>advancesinap.collegeboard.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907180301/https://advancesinap.collegeboard.org/english-history-and-social-science/world-history">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=advancesinap.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=AP+World+History+Revisions+-+Advances+in+AP+-+The+College+Board+%7C+Advances+in+AP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadvancesinap.collegeboard.org%2Fenglish-history-and-social-science%2Fworld-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://advancesinap.collegeboard.org/english-history-and-social-science/us-government-politics">"AP U.S. Government and Politics - Advances in AP - The College Board"</a>. <i>advancesinap.collegeboard.org</i>. July 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506191806/https://advancesinap.collegeboard.org/english-history-and-social-science/us-government-politics">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=advancesinap.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=AP+U.S.+Government+and+Politics+-+Advances+in+AP+-+The+College+Board&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadvancesinap.collegeboard.org%2Fenglish-history-and-social-science%2Fus-government-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatanabe2020" class="citation web cs1">Watanabe, Teresa (March 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-03-17/coronavirus-ap-tests-college-board">"How will students take AP tests with schools closed? At home, College Board proposes"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203210345/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-03-17/coronavirus-ap-tests-college-board">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=How+will+students+take+AP+tests+with+schools+closed%3F+At+home%2C+College+Board+proposes&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fcalifornia%2Fstory%2F2020-03-17%2Fcoronavirus-ap-tests-college-board&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-computer-science-a-updates-2019-20.pdf">"AP Computer Science A: Updates for 2019-20"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AP Central</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023022005/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-computer-science-a-updates-2019-20.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+Computer+Science+A%3A+Updates+for+2019-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fpdf%2Fap-computer-science-a-updates-2019-20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-world-history/course/updates-2019-20?course=ap-world-history">"AP World History: Updates for 2019-20 | AP Central — The College Board"</a>. <i>AP Central</i>. January 4, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509172154/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-world-history/course/updates-2019-20?course=ap-world-history">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+World+History%3A+Updates+for+2019-20+%7C+AP+Central+%E2%80%94+The+College+Board&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-world-history%2Fcourse%2Fupdates-2019-20%3Fcourse%3Dap-world-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-comparative-government-and-politics/course/updates-2019-20?course=ap-comparative-government-and-politics">"AP Comparative Government and Politics: Updates for 2019-20 | AP Central — The College Board"</a>. <i>AP Central</i>. January 4, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129214255/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-comparative-government-and-politics?course=ap-comparative-government-and-politics">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+Comparative+Government+and+Politics%3A+Updates+for+2019-20+%7C+AP+Central+%E2%80%94+The+College+Board&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-comparative-government-and-politics%2Fcourse%2Fupdates-2019-20%3Fcourse%3Dap-comparative-government-and-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-biology/exam?course=ap-biology">"AP Biology Exam"</a>. <i>AP Central</i>. July 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414100442/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-biology/exam?course=ap-biology">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+Biology+Exam&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-biology%2Fexam%3Fcourse%3Dap-biology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-english-language-and-composition/exam?course=ap-english-language-and-composition">"AP English Language"</a>. <i>AP Central</i>. July 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120011400/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-english-language-and-composition/exam?course=ap-english-language-and-composition">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+English+Language&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-english-language-and-composition%2Fexam%3Fcourse%3Dap-english-language-and-composition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-human-geography/exam?course=ap-human-geography">"AP Human Geography Exam"</a>. <i>AP Central</i>. July 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414103012/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-human-geography/exam?course=ap-human-geography">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+Human+Geography+Exam&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-human-geography%2Fexam%3Fcourse%3Dap-human-geography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-computer-science-principles-conceptual-framework-2020-21.pdf">"AP Computer Science Principles Curriculum Framework 2020-2021"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>AP Central</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023054223/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/pdf/ap-computer-science-principles-conceptual-framework-2020-21.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+Computer+Science+Principles+Curriculum+Framework+2020-2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fpdf%2Fap-computer-science-principles-conceptual-framework-2020-21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-italian-language-and-culture/exam?course=ap-italian-language-and-culture">"AP Italian Language and Culture Exam"</a>. <i>AP Central</i>. July 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204123445/https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-italian-language-and-culture/exam?course=ap-italian-language-and-culture">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+Central&rft.atitle=AP+Italian+Language+and+Culture+Exam&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-italian-language-and-culture%2Fexam%3Fcourse%3Dap-italian-language-and-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-physics-1-algebra-based">"AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based – AP Students | College Board"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AP+Physics+1%3A+Algebra-Based+%E2%80%93+AP+Students+%26%23124%3B+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapstudents.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-physics-1-algebra-based&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-precalculus/exam">"AP Precalculus Exam – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=AP+Precalculus+Exam+%E2%80%93+AP+Central+%7C+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-precalculus%2Fexam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-world-history/exam">"AP World History: Modern Exam – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=AP+World+History%3A+Modern+Exam+%E2%80%93+AP+Central+%7C+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-world-history%2Fexam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/help-center/what-are-changes-ap-csp-create-performance-task-2023-24">"What are the changes to the AP CSP Create performance task for 2023-24? – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=What+are+the+changes+to+the+AP+CSP+Create+performance+task+for+2023-24%3F+%E2%80%93+AP+Central+%7C+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fhelp-center%2Fwhat-are-changes-ap-csp-create-performance-task-2023-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker2024" class="citation web cs1">Packer, Trevor (June 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/AP_Trevor/status/1806753283727319301">"Trevor Packer on X: "This year was a college score verification year for AP ..."</a> <i>X</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X&rft.atitle=Trevor+Packer+on+X%3A+%22This+year+was+a+college+score+verification+year+for+AP+...&rft.date=2024-06-28&rft.aulast=Packer&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FAP_Trevor%2Fstatus%2F1806753283727319301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/about-ap-scores/score-distributions">"2024 AP Score Distributions – AP Students | College Board"</a>. <i>apstudents.collegeboard.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apstudents.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=2024+AP+Score+Distributions+%E2%80%93+AP+Students+%7C+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapstudents.collegeboard.org%2Fabout-ap-scores%2Fscore-distributions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-score-distributions-by-subject-2023.pdf">"Student Score Distributions by Subject - May 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.org</i>. May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=Student+Score+Distributions+by+Subject+-+May+2023&rft.date=2023-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2Fap-score-distributions-by-subject-2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-physics/revisions-2024-25">"AP Physics Revisions for 2024-25 – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=AP+Physics+Revisions+for+2024-25+%E2%80%93+AP+Central+%7C+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fcourses%2Fap-physics%2Frevisions-2024-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/exam-administration-ordering-scores/digital-ap-exams/28-exams-digital-2025">"28 AP Exams Go Digital in May 2025 – AP Central | College Board"</a>. <i>apcentral.collegeboard.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apcentral.collegeboard.org&rft.atitle=28+AP+Exams+Go+Digital+in+May+2025+%E2%80%93+AP+Central+%7C+College+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcentral.collegeboard.org%2Fexam-administration-ordering-scores%2Fdigital-ap-exams%2F28-exams-digital-2025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-College_Board,_2001-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-College_Board,_2001_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollege_Board2000" class="citation book cs1">College Board (November 30, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/publications/2012/7/misc2001-2-future-advanced-placement.pdf"><i>Access to excellence: A report of the commission on the future of the Advanced Placement Program</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Author. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817071458/https://research.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/publications/2012/7/misc2001-2-future-advanced-placement.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Access+to+excellence%3A+A+report+of+the+commission+on+the+future+of+the+Advanced+Placement+Program&rft.pub=Author&rft.date=2000-11-30&rft.au=College+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.collegeboard.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2F2012%2F7%2Fmisc2001-2-future-advanced-placement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geiser_&_Santelices,_2004-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Geiser_&_Santelices,_2004_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeiserSantelices" class="citation web cs1">Geiser, Saul; Santelices, Veronica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cshe.berkeley.edu/publications/role-advanced-placement-and-honors-courses-college-admissions">"The role of Advanced Placement and honors courses in college admissions"</a>. Center for Studies in Higher Education, University of California. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116144116/http://www.cshe.berkeley.edu/publications/role-advanced-placement-and-honors-courses-college-admissions">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+role+of+Advanced+Placement+and+honors+courses+in+college+admissions&rft.pub=Center+for+Studies+in+Higher+Education%2C+University+of+California&rft.aulast=Geiser&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft.au=Santelices%2C+Veronica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cshe.berkeley.edu%2Fpublications%2Frole-advanced-placement-and-honors-courses-college-admissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadlerSonnertHazariTai2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sadler, P. M.; Sonnert, G.; Hazari, Z.; Tai, R. (2014). "The role of advanced high school coursework in increasing STEM career interest". <i>Science Educator</i>. <b>23</b>: 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Educator&rft.atitle=The+role+of+advanced+high+school+coursework+in+increasing+STEM+career+interest&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Sadler&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Sonnert%2C+G.&rft.au=Hazari%2C+Z.&rft.au=Tai%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dx.doi.org-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dx.doi.org_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarne2017" class="citation journal cs1">Warne, R. T. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244016682996">"Research on the academic benefits of the Advanced Placement Program: Taking stock and looking forward"</a>. <i>SAGE Open</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244016682996">10.1177/2158244016682996</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=Research+on+the+academic+benefits+of+the+Advanced+Placement+Program%3A+Taking+stock+and+looking+forward&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244016682996&rft.aulast=Warne&rft.aufirst=R.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2158244016682996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lichten,_2000-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lichten,_2000_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lichten,_2000_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichten2000" class="citation journal cs1">Lichten, William (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/420">"Whither Advanced Placement"</a>. <i>Education Policy Analysis Archives</i>. <b>8</b> (29): 29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14507%2Fepaa.v8n29.2000">10.14507/epaa.v8n29.2000</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113171857/http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/420">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Education+Policy+Analysis+Archives&rft.atitle=Whither+Advanced+Placement&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=29&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.14507%2Fepaa.v8n29.2000&rft.aulast=Lichten&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaa.asu.edu%2Fojs%2Farticle%2Fview%2F420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warne,_2017-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warne,_2017_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarne2017" class="citation journal cs1">Warne, R. T. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244016682996">"Research on the academic benefits of the Advanced Placement program: Taking stock and looking forward"</a>. <i>SAGE Open</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 215824401668299. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244016682996">10.1177/2158244016682996</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=Research+on+the+academic+benefits+of+the+Advanced+Placement+program%3A+Taking+stock+and+looking+forward&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=215824401668299&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244016682996&rft.aulast=Warne&rft.aufirst=R.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2158244016682996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lichten,_2010-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lichten,_2010_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichten2010" class="citation book cs1">Lichten, William (2010). "Whither Advanced Placement--now?". In Sadler, P. M.; Sonnert, G.; Tai, R. H.; Klopfenstein, K. (eds.). <i>AP: A critical examination of the Advanced Placement program</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Education Press. pp. 233–243.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whither+Advanced+Placement--now%3F&rft.btitle=AP%3A+A+critical+examination+of+the+Advanced+Placement+program&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=233-243&rft.pub=Harvard+Education+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lichten&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTireny2012" class="citation web cs1">Tireny, John (October 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/10/ap-classes-are-a-scam/263456/">"AP Classes Are a Scam"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022320/https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/10/ap-classes-are-a-scam/263456/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=AP+Classes+Are+a+Scam&rft.date=2012-10-13&rft.aulast=Tireny&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fnational%2Farchive%2F2012%2F10%2Fap-classes-are-a-scam%2F263456%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimar2005" class="citation journal cs1">Zimar, Heather (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729064348/http://www2.aacrao.org/sem/index.cfm?fa=view&id=2439">"Universities Raise Standards for Earning Advanced Placement Credit"</a>. <i>SEM Source: An Update on State of the Art Student Services</i> (January 2005). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.aacrao.org/sem/index.cfm?fa=view&id=2439">the original</a> on July 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SEM+Source%3A+An+Update+on+State+of+the+Art+Student+Services&rft.atitle=Universities+Raise+Standards+for+Earning+Advanced+Placement+Credit&rft.issue=January+2005&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Zimar&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.aacrao.org%2Fsem%2Findex.cfm%3Ffa%3Dview%26id%3D2439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hood-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hood_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoodSadler2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hood, Lucy; Sadler, Philip M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hepg.org/hel/article/466#home">"Putting AP to the Test: New research assesses the Advanced Placement program"</a>. <i>Harvard Education Letter</i>. <b>26</b> (May/June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330054044/http://hepg.org/hel/article/466#home">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Education+Letter&rft.atitle=Putting+AP+to+the+Test%3A+New+research+assesses+the+Advanced+Placement+program&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=May%2FJune+2010&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.au=Sadler%2C+Philip+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hepg.org%2Fhel%2Farticle%2F466%23home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ackerman_et_al._(2013)" class="citation journal cs1">Ackerman, Phillip; Kanfer, Ruth; Calderwood, Charles (2013). "High school Advanced Placement and student performance in college: STEM majors, non-STEM majors, and gender differences". <i>Teachers College Record</i>. <b>115</b> (10): 1–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F016146811311501003">10.1177/016146811311501003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:141871464">141871464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teachers+College+Record&rft.atitle=High+school+Advanced+Placement+and+student+performance+in+college%3A+STEM+majors%2C+non-STEM+majors%2C+and+gender+differences&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1-43&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F016146811311501003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A141871464%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft.au=Kanfer%2C+Ruth&rft.au=Calderwood%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warne_et_al._(2015)-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warne_et_al._(2015)_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warne_et_al._(2015)_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarneLarsenAndersonOdasso2015" class="citation journal cs1">Warne, Russell T.; Larsen, Ross; Anderson, Braydon; Odasso, Alyce J. (2015). "The impact of participation in the Advanced Placement program on students' college admissions test scores". <i>The Journal of Educational Research</i>. <b>108</b> (5): 400–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00220671.2014.917253">10.1080/00220671.2014.917253</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10.1080%2F00220671.2014.917253">10.1080/00220671.2014.917253</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146577291">146577291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Educational+Research&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+participation+in+the+Advanced+Placement+program+on+students%27+college+admissions+test+scores&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=400-416&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10.1080%2F00220671.2014.917253&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146577291%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00220671.2014.917253&rft.aulast=Warne&rft.aufirst=Russell+T.&rft.au=Larsen%2C+Ross&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Braydon&rft.au=Odasso%2C+Alyce+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Placement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>McCauley, David. 2007. The Impact of Advanced Placement and Dual Enrollment Program on College Graduation.</li> <li>Applied Research Project. Texas State University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/206/">http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/206/</a></li> <li>Schneider, Jack. 2008. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0528/p09s01-coop.html">Schools' Unrest Over the AP Test</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Advanced_Placement" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ap.collegeboard.org/">AP Program</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apstudents.collegeboard.org/">AP Students</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/">AP Central</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="College_Board" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:College_Board" title="Template:College Board"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:College_Board" title="Template talk:College Board"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:College_Board" title="Special:EditPage/Template:College Board"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="College_Board" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/College_Board" title="College Board">College Board</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Caperton" title="Gaston Caperton">Gaston Caperton</a> (1999–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Coleman_(educator)" title="David Coleman (educator)">David Coleman</a> (2012–2019)</li> <li>Jeremy Singer (2019–<i>present</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SAT tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSAT/NMSQT" title="PSAT/NMSQT">PSAT/NMSQT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SAT_Subject_Tests" title="SAT Subject Tests">SAT Subject Tests</a></i> (discontinued)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_exams" title="Advanced Placement exams">AP exams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art & Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Art_History" title="AP Art History">Art History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Music_Theory" title="AP Music Theory">Music Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Studio_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Studio Art">Art and Design (2D, 3D, and Drawing)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English & Capstone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone" title="AP Capstone">Seminar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Capstone" title="AP Capstone">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Language_and_Composition" title="AP English Language and Composition">English Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_English_Literature_and_Composition" title="AP English Literature and Composition">English Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History & Social Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_African_American_Studies" title="AP African American Studies">African American Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Comparative_Government_and_Politics" title="AP Comparative Government and Politics">Comparative Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_European_History" title="AP European History">European History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Human_Geography" title="AP Human Geography">Human Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Macroeconomics" title="AP Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Microeconomics" title="AP Microeconomics">Microeconomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Psychology" title="AP Psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_History" title="AP United States History">U.S. History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_United_States_Government_and_Politics" title="AP United States Government and Politics">U.S. Government and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_World_History" class="mw-redirect" title="AP World History">World History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life & Physical Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Biology" title="AP Biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chemistry" title="AP Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Environmental_Science" title="AP Environmental Science">Environmental Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_1" title="AP Physics 1">Physics 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_2" title="AP Physics 2">Physics 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_B" title="AP Physics B">Physics B</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Mechanics" title="AP Physics C: Mechanics">Physics C: Mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Physics_C:_Electricity_and_Magnetism" title="AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism">Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Math & Computer Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus#AP_Calculus_AB" title="AP Calculus">Calculus AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Calculus#AP_Calculus_BC" title="AP Calculus">Calculus BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science A</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_A#AP_Computer_Science_AB" title="AP Computer Science A">Computer Science AB</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Computer_Science_Principles" title="AP Computer Science Principles">Computer Science Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Precalculus" title="AP Precalculus">Precalculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Statistics" title="AP Statistics">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World Languages & Cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AP_Chinese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Chinese Language and Culture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="AP French Language">French</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_French_Literature" title="AP French Literature">French Literature</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="AP German Language">German</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_German_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="AP German Literature">German Literature</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Italian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Italian Language and Culture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Japanese_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Japanese Language and Culture">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin" title="AP Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Latin_Literature" title="AP Latin Literature">Latin Literature</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AP_Russian_Language_and_Culture" title="AP Russian Language and Culture">Russian</a></i> (discontinued)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Spanish Language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP_Spanish_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="AP Spanish Literature">Spanish Literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs & apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Placement Program">Advanced Placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Level_Examination_Program" title="College Level Examination Program">College Level Examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Profile" title="CSS Profile">CSS Profile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_SAT" title="History of the SAT">History of the SAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Testing_Service" title="Educational Testing Service">Educational Testing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACT_(test)" title="ACT (test)">American College Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Merit_Scholarship_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Merit Scholarship Corporation">National Merit Scholarship Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379676#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85001059">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007292811905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&oldid=1261505555">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&oldid=1261505555</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Advanced_Placement" title="Category:Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1955_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1955 establishments in the United States">1955 establishments in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1955_introductions" title="Category:1955 introductions">1955 introductions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_educational_programs" title="Category:Canadian educational programs">Canadian educational programs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_educational_programs" title="Category:United States educational programs">United States educational programs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:School_qualifications" title="Category:School qualifications">School qualifications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gifted_education" title="Category:Gifted education">Gifted education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High_school_course_levels" title="Category:High school course levels">High school course levels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phillips_Exeter_Academy" title="Category:Phillips Exeter Academy">Phillips Exeter Academy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phillips_Academy" title="Category:Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Princeton_University" title="Category:Princeton University">Princeton University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yale_University" title="Category:Yale University">Yale University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University" title="Category:Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2018" title="Category:Use mdy dates from September 2018">Use mdy dates from September 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_January_2013" title="Category:Use American English from January 2013">Use American English from January 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2022">Articles needing additional references from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2022">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from July 2021">Articles to be expanded from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2024">Articles needing additional references from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes_from_March_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from March 2024">Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes" title="Category:All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes">All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_May_2021" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2021">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_minor_POV_problems" title="Category:All articles with minor POV problems">All articles with minor POV problems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_minor_POV_problems_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles with minor POV problems from November 2021">Articles with minor POV problems from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2021">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_June_2016" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from June 2016">Vague or ambiguous time from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 December 2024, at 13:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Placement&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59b954b7fb-bpnnt","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.214","walltime":"1.456","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5788,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":254333,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":23314,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":259759,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1267.696 1 -total"," 37.20% 471.622 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.90% 290.323 41 Template:Cite_web"," 9.98% 126.575 2 Template:Sidebar"," 8.01% 101.525 1 Template:Advanced_Placement"," 7.90% 100.100 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.89% 100.054 5 Template:Ambox"," 6.49% 82.221 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 6.29% 79.763 1 Template:Infobox_examination"," 6.07% 76.973 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.734","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9502348,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7cc866bdbb-rlbht","timestamp":"20241206132857","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Advanced Placement","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Placement","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q379676","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q379676","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-08-07T23:49:13Z","dateModified":"2024-12-06T13:28:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/05\/AP_logo_%282017%29.svg","headline":"educational track"}</script> </body> </html>